A spindle lubrication structure, an electric spindle

Abstract

This invention provides a spindle lubrication structure and an electric spindle. The spindle lubrication structure includes a spindle core, on which a front end cover, a front end flange, a front bearing housing, a bushing, a rear bearing housing, a rear end flange, and a rear end piping disc are sequentially mounted. Multiple front bearing components are disposed between the front bearing housing and the spindle core, and a rear bearing component is disposed between the rear bearing housing and the spindle core. Multiple front lubrication channels are provided on the front bearing housing, each corresponding to one of the front bearing components. Multiple rear lubrication channels are provided on the rear bearing housing, each opposite to one of the rear bearing components. According to this invention, the technical problem of poor cooling efficiency caused by the spindle using a single inlet hole for oil and gas lubrication channel delivery in the prior art can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electric spindle technology, specifically relating to a spindle lubrication structure and an electric spindle. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the oil-air lubrication and gas-sealing structures inside the spindle are mostly achieved by connecting multiple deep straight holes at the rear end of the spindle. In most cases, the function of the oil-air lubrication and gas-sealing structures directly affects the dynamic performance of the spindle bearings during rotation, as well as the gas-sealing performance to prevent impurities from entering the spindle.

[0003] A high-efficiency oil-air lubricated spindle is disclosed in related technologies, as shown in the figure below. This structure provides individual oil-air lubrication for each bearing and also serves as bearing cooling. However, this structure still uses the traditional method of connecting oil and air channels through a deep straight hole at the rear end, and its cooling efficiency is not as good as that of a cooling medium acting alone. Furthermore, the structure is more complex to assemble, has lower cooling efficiency for simultaneous operation, and has higher manufacturing costs.

[0004] A related technology discloses an oil-air lubrication structure for a high-speed spindle. This structure achieves oil-air lubrication channel delivery by setting an inlet hole between the oil passage flange and the nozzle sleeve, and then delivers the oil-air lubrication to each bearing through different channels. From the perspective of the oil-air lubrication structure, its oil-air channel layout is relatively complex, and there is a problem of uniformity in the amount of oil and air delivered to each bearing at the same time. This is not conducive to the long-term operation of the spindle bearings and fails to consider the overall effect of oil-air lubrication.

[0005] Because the existing spindle uses a single inlet hole to deliver oil and gas through the lubrication channel, it suffers from technical problems such as a complex oil and gas channel layout and poor cooling efficiency. Therefore, this invention studies and designs a spindle lubrication structure and an electric spindle. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the present invention provides a spindle lubrication structure and an electric spindle, which can solve the technical problem in the prior art where the spindle conveys oil and gas lubrication through a single inlet hole, resulting in poor cooling efficiency.

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a spindle lubrication structure, comprising: a spindle core, on which a front end cover, a front end flange, a front bearing housing, a bushing, a rear bearing housing, a rear end flange, and a rear end pipe disc are sequentially fitted. Multiple front bearing components are disposed between the front bearing housing and the spindle core, and a rear bearing component is disposed between the rear bearing housing and the spindle core. Multiple front lubrication channels are provided on the front bearing housing, each corresponding to one of the front bearing components. Multiple rear lubrication channels are provided on the rear bearing housing, each opposite to one of the rear bearing components.

[0008] In some embodiments, the plurality of front bearing components are spaced apart, and spacer rings are provided between the plurality of front bearing components, between one side of the front bearing component and the front flange, and between the other side of the front bearing component and the front bearing housing. The outlet of the front lubrication channel is located inside the spacer rings so that lubricating oil flows from inside the spacer rings into the front bearing components.

[0009] In some embodiments, the front bearing housing is provided with a plurality of nozzle assemblies, each corresponding to a front lubrication channel, the front lubrication channel being connected to the nozzle assembly, the nozzle assembly being arranged opposite to the front bearing component, and the nozzle assembly being able to spray lubricating oil into the front bearing component.

[0010] In some embodiments, the inlet of the front lubrication channel is opened on the outer peripheral wall of the front bearing housing, and the inlets of the plurality of the front lubrication channels are symmetrically arranged about the shaft core along the circumference of the front bearing housing.

[0011] In some embodiments, the rear bearing housing is provided with a plurality of nozzle assemblies, each corresponding to a rear lubrication channel, the rear lubrication channel being connected to the nozzle assembly, the nozzle assembly being arranged opposite to the front bearing component, and the nozzle assembly being able to spray lubricating oil into the front bearing component.

[0012] In some embodiments, the inlet of the rear lubrication channel is located on the outer peripheral wall of the rear bearing housing, and the inlets of the plurality of rear lubrication channels are symmetrically arranged about the shaft core along the circumference of the rear bearing housing.

[0013] In some embodiments, the front bearing housing is provided with an air seal channel, the air inlet of the air seal channel is opened on the outer peripheral wall of the front bearing housing, the front flange is provided with a first airflow channel, the first airflow channel is connected to the air seal channel, the first airflow channel passes through the front flange along the radial direction of the front flange, and part of the airflow in the air seal channel can flow into the outer peripheral wall of the shaft core through the first airflow channel; there is a gap between the front cover (106) and the shaft core, the front cover (106) is provided with a second airflow channel, the air seal channel is connected to the gap through the second airflow channel, the remaining airflow in the air seal channel flows into the gap and flows out from the end of the main shaft.

[0014] In some embodiments, an air seal channel is provided on the rear bearing housing, and there is a gap between the rear bearing housing and the shaft core. The air seal channel communicates with the gap, and the airflow in the air seal channel can flow into the gap.

[0015] In some embodiments, the front bearing housing is provided with a first oil return channel, through which lubricating oil passing through the front bearing component can flow into the first oil return channel and out of the front bearing housing; and / or, the rear bearing housing is provided with a second oil return channel, through which lubricating oil passing through the rear bearing component can flow into the second oil return channel and out of the rear bearing housing.

[0016] The present invention also provides an electric spindle, which includes the aforementioned spindle lubrication structure.

[0017] The spindle lubrication structure and electric spindle provided by this invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The lubrication channels correspond one-to-one with the front bearing components, and the rear lubrication channels are opposite to the rear bearing components, allowing for separate lubrication of the front and rear bearings. This enables independent lubrication of the bearings while also allowing for quantitative supply of oil and gas, improving lubrication efficiency. At the same time, it avoids oil and gas leakage problems caused by assembling multiple parts and simplifies the parts processing and assembly process. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. The drawings described below are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the spindle lubrication structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spindle lubrication structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the spindle lubrication structure of the present invention. Figure 3 ;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spindle lubrication structure of the present invention. Figure 4 ;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spindle lubrication structure of the present invention. Figure 5 ;

[0025] Figure 6 This is the radial cross-section of the spindle lubrication structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0026] Figure 7This is the radial cross-section of the spindle lubrication structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0027] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0028] 0. Shaft core; 1. Front bearing housing; 2. First inlet; 3. First flow channel; 4. Second flow channel; 5. First nozzle; 6. Third flow channel; 7. Fourth flow channel; 8. First through hole; 9. First front bearing; 10. Second inlet; 11. Fourth flow channel; 12. Fifth flow channel; 13. Second nozzle; 14. Sixth flow channel; 15. Seventh flow channel; 16. Second through hole; 17. Second front bearing; 18. Eighth inlet; 19. Ninth flow channel; 20. Tenth flow channel; 21. Third nozzle; 22. Eleventh flow channel; 23. Twelfth flow channel; 24. Third through hole; 25. Third front bearing; 26. Fourth nozzle; 27. Third inlet; 28. Thirteenth flow channel; 29. ​​Fourth through hole; 30. Fourth front bearing; 31. Rear end pipe 32. Disc; 33. Fourth Inlet; 34. Fourteenth Flow Channel; 35. Rear Bearing Housing; 36. Fifteenth Flow Channel; 37. Fifth Nozzle; 38. Sixteenth Flow Channel; 39. Seventeenth Flow Channel; 40. Fifth Through Hole; 41. Rear Bearing; 42. Fifth Inlet; 43. Eighteenth Flow Channel; 44. Nineteenth Flow Channel; 45. Sixth Nozzle; 46. Twentieth Flow Channel; 47. Twenty-first Flow Channel; 48. Sixth Through Hole; 49. Twenty-second Flow Channel; 50. Front Flange; 51. Twenty-third Flow Channel; 52. Twenty-fourth Flow Channel; 53. Twenty-fifth Flow Channel; 54. First Spacer Ring; 55. Twenty-sixth Flow Channel; 56. Twenty-seventh Flow Channel; 57. Second Spacer Ring; 58. Twenty-eighth Flow Channel; 59. Twenty-ninth Flow Channel; 50. Third Spacer Ring; 60. 30th flow channel; 61. 31st flow channel; 62. 32nd flow channel; 63. 33rd flow channel; 64. Bushing; 65. 34th flow channel; 66. 35th flow channel; 67. 36th flow channel; 68. 52nd flow channel; 69. 9th inlet; 70. 37th flow channel; 71. 38th flow channel; 72. Rear flange; 73. 39th flow channel; 74. 40th flow channel; 75. 41st flow channel; 76. 42nd flow channel; 77. Outlet; 78. 6th inlet; 79. 43rd flow channel; 80. 44th flow channel; 81. 45th flow channel; 82. 46th flow channel; 83. 7th through hole; 84. 8th through hole; 85. 9th through hole; 86. 10th through hole; 87. ... 11th through hole; 88. 12th through hole; 89. 13th through hole; 90. 14th through hole; 91. 15th through hole; 92. 16th through hole; 93. 17th through hole; 94. 18th through hole; 95. 19th through hole; 96. 20th through hole; 97. 21st through hole; 98. 22nd through hole; 99. 23rd through hole; 100. 24th through hole; 101. 25th through hole; 102. 26th through hole; 103. 27th through hole; 104. 28th through hole; 105. 47th flow channel; 106. Front end cap; 107. 48th flow channel; 108. 49th flow channel; 109. 7th inlet; 110. 50th flow channel; 111. 51st flow channel; 112. 8th flow channel. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0031] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0032] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0033] See also Figure 1-7As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a spindle lubrication structure is provided, comprising: a spindle core 0, on which a front end cover 106, a front end flange 49, a front bearing housing 1, a bushing 64, a rear bearing housing 34, a rear end flange 72, and a rear end pipe disc 31 are sequentially sleeved. Multiple front bearing components are disposed between the front bearing housing 1 and the spindle core 0, and a rear bearing component is disposed between the rear bearing housing 34 and the spindle core 0. Multiple front lubrication channels are provided on the front bearing housing 1, each corresponding to one of the front bearing components. Multiple rear lubrication channels are provided on the rear bearing housing, each opposite to one of the rear bearing components. In this technical solution, by having the lubrication channels correspond one-to-one with the front bearing components and the rear lubrication channels opposite to the rear bearing components, the front and rear bearings are lubricated separately. This allows for independent lubrication of the bearings while also enabling quantitative supply of oil and gas, improving lubrication efficiency. Simultaneously, it avoids oil and gas leakage problems caused by assembling multiple parts and simplifies the parts processing and assembly process.

[0034] In some embodiments, the plurality of front bearing components are spaced apart, and spacer rings are provided between the plurality of front bearing components, between one front bearing component and the front flange 49, and between the other front bearing component and the front bearing housing 1. The outlet of the front lubrication channel is located inside the spacer ring, so that lubricating oil flows from inside the spacer ring into the front bearing component. In this technical solution, the spacer ring refers to the outer spacer ring, which mates with the outer ring of the adjacent bearing, and its cross-section is a symmetrical "T" shape. Lubricating each front bearing component through the spacer rings does not affect the normal operation of the front bearing components, and can also lubricate the bearing components.

[0035] In some embodiments, the front bearing housing 1 is provided with multiple nozzle assemblies, each corresponding to a front lubrication channel, which is connected to the nozzle assembly. The nozzle assembly is arranged opposite to the front bearing component, and can spray lubricating oil into the front bearing component. In this technical solution, the nozzle assembly penetrates the outer peripheral wall of the spacer and extends into the spacer. The nozzle assembly is inserted into the front bearing housing 1 radially, and a plug is provided on the nozzle assembly to prevent lubricating oil from flowing out from the outer peripheral wall of the front bearing housing 1. A separate small hole channel is provided at the lower end of the nozzle assembly for spraying an oil-air mixture onto the corresponding bearing. Then, each nozzle assembly is fixedly installed in the corresponding structure on the front bearing housing using multiple screws. The end of each oil-air nozzle is inserted directly into the outside of the spacer between adjacent bearings and does not contact the corresponding spacer opening surface, with a gap between them.

[0036] In some embodiments, the inlet of the front lubrication channel is located on the outer peripheral wall of the front bearing housing 1, and the inlets of multiple front lubrication channels are symmetrically arranged about the shaft core 0 along the circumference of the front bearing housing 1. In this technical solution, by symmetrically arranging the inlets of multiple front lubrication channels about the shaft core 0 along the circumference of the front bearing housing 1, lubrication of each bearing component is achieved without affecting the strength of the front bearing housing 1, thus avoiding mutual interference among the multiple lubrication channels.

[0037] In some embodiments, the rear bearing housing 34 is provided with multiple nozzle assemblies, each corresponding to a rear lubrication channel, which is connected to the nozzle assembly. The nozzle assembly is arranged opposite to the front bearing component, and can spray lubricating oil into the front bearing component. In this technical solution, the nozzle assembly is inserted into the rear bearing housing 34 radially, and a plug is provided on the nozzle assembly to prevent lubricating oil from flowing out from the outer peripheral wall of the rear bearing housing 34. A separate small hole channel is provided at the lower end of the nozzle assembly for spraying an oil-air mixture onto the corresponding bearing. Then, each nozzle assembly is fixedly installed in the corresponding structure on the rear bearing housing 34 using a multi-screw locking method, with the end of each oil-air nozzle inserted directly into the adjacent rear bearing housing 34, and a gap between the end of the oil-air nozzle and the rear bearing housing 34.

[0038] In the spindle lubrication structure of this invention, the oil-air lubrication channel is directly achieved by opening radial holes on the front and rear bearing seats, rather than by opening holes on the radial surfaces of other internal working flow channels, and the nozzle position is fixed using multiple screws. This allows for independent lubrication of the bearings while also enabling quantitative supply of oil and air to the bearings, improving lubrication efficiency. It also avoids oil and air leakage problems caused by assembling multiple parts, simplifies part processing and assembly, and allows for a fixed arrangement of the oil and air nozzles, preventing unnecessary nozzle displacement due to vibrations caused by long-term spindle use.

[0039] In some embodiments, the inlet of the rear lubrication channel is located on the outer peripheral wall of the rear bearing housing 34, and the inlets of multiple rear lubrication channels are symmetrically arranged about the shaft core 0 along the circumference of the rear bearing housing 34. In this technical solution, there are at least two rear lubrication channels. The inlets of multiple rear lubrication channels are symmetrically arranged about the shaft core 0 along the circumference of the rear bearing housing 34. This lubricates each bearing component without affecting the strength of the rear bearing housing 34, avoiding mutual interference between the multiple lubrication channels.

[0040] In some embodiments, the front bearing housing 1 is provided with an air seal channel, the air inlet of which is located on the outer peripheral wall of the front bearing housing 1. The front flange 49 is provided with a first airflow channel, which is connected to the air seal channel. Along the radial direction of the front flange 49, the first airflow channel penetrates the front flange 49, allowing some airflow within the air seal channel to flow into the outer peripheral wall of the shaft core 0. A gap exists between the front cover 106 and the shaft core 0. A second airflow channel is provided on the front cover 106, and the air seal channel communicates with the gap via the second airflow channel. The remaining airflow within the air seal channel flows into the gap and exits from the end of the spindle. In this technical solution, a two-stage air seal structure can be achieved through the first and second airflow channels. The first stage is used for air sealing at the spindle nose, and the second stage directly drills a ring-shaped distribution of the first airflow channels at the front flange 49. Besides considering the air sealing effect at the front bearing, this also guides and controls the return oil-air channel, improving oil-air lubrication efficiency.

[0041] The spindle lubrication structure of the present invention achieves the oil-air lubrication function of the spindle by independently lubricating the front and rear bearings of the spindle. While independently setting the front and rear air seal structures, it guides and controls the oil return process of oil-air lubrication, improves the oil-air lubrication efficiency and recycling rate of the spindle, and enhances the auxiliary utilization effect of the air seal channel, thereby improving the machining accuracy and service life of the spindle.

[0042] In the spindle lubrication structure of this invention, the front bearing oil-air lubrication and gas-sealing structure works as follows: The front oil-air mixture enters the spindle from holes on the radial surface of the front bearing housing, corresponding to the number of bearings, respectively, completing the oil-air lubrication process for the front bearing. Then, the oil-air mixture enters the same axial return oil channel through its respective nearby passages, and finally flows out of the spindle. Simultaneously, gas from the front gas-sealing channel enters the interior. Gas from the first channel is ejected from the radial hole at the nose end to achieve the gas-sealing function. Gas from the second channel enters the annular flow channel from the radial hole at the front bearing and is ejected from multiple radial small holes, guiding and controlling the oil-air lubrication return oil channel, thereby improving oil-air lubrication and return oil efficiency, and enabling auxiliary utilization of the front gas-sealing flow channel. The rear bearing oil-air lubrication and gas-sealing structure works as follows: The rear oil-air mixture enters the spindle from holes on the radial surface of the rear bearing housing, completing the oil-air lubrication process for the rear bearing. Then, the oil-air mixture enters the same axial return oil channel through its respective nearby passages, and finally flows out of the spindle. At the same time, the gas in the rear air seal channel enters the interior and is ejected from the radial hole at the rear bearing, realizing the functions of rear air seal and rear bearing oil return guidance, thereby improving oil-gas lubrication and oil return efficiency, and the auxiliary utilization of the rear air seal flow channel.

[0043] In the spindle lubrication structure of the present invention, a first oil-gas mixture enters the first flow channel 3 from the front bearing housing 1 via the first inlet 2, then enters the second flow channel 4 under the action of the plug, and then sequentially enters the third flow channel 6 and the fourth flow channel 7 corresponding to the first nozzle 5 installed in the front bearing housing 1, and finally is ejected from a single first through hole 8 to achieve independent lubrication of the first front bearing 9; see also [reference needed] Figure 2 As shown, the second oil-gas mixture enters the fourth flow channel 11 from the front bearing housing 1 via the second inlet 10, then enters the fifth flow channel 12 under the action of the plug, and then sequentially enters the sixth flow channel 14 and the seventh flow channel 15 corresponding to the oil-gas second nozzle 13 installed in the front bearing housing 1. Finally, it is ejected from a single second through hole 16 to achieve independent lubrication of the second front bearing 17. Similarly, the third oil-gas mixture flow channels are symmetrically distributed with the second flow along the spindle centerline. It enters the ninth flow channel 19 from the front bearing housing 1 via the eighth inlet 18, then enters the tenth flow channel 20 under the action of the plug, and then sequentially enters the eleventh flow channel 22 and the twelfth flow channel 23 corresponding to the third nozzle 21 installed in the front bearing housing 1. Finally, it is ejected from a single third through hole 24 to achieve independent lubrication of the third front bearing 25. (See also...) Figure 4 As shown, the fourth oil-gas mixture enters the thirteenth flow channel 28 directly from the fourth oil-gas nozzle 26 installed in the front bearing housing 1 via the third inlet 27, and finally exits from the individual fourth through hole 29 to achieve independent lubrication of the fourth front bearing 30; the aforementioned four oil-gas lubrication nozzles—first nozzle 5, second nozzle 13, third nozzle 21, and fourth nozzle 26—all ultimately pass directly through the first spacer 53, second spacer 56, and third spacer 59 that mate with the front bearing to achieve independent and uniform lubrication of each front bearing; see also [reference needed]. Figure 1 As shown, oil and gas return begins at the first front bearing 9, the second front bearing 17, the third front bearing 25, and the fourth front bearing 30. To simplify the design of the front bearing oil and gas return channels, the oil and gas returning from the first front bearing 9, the second front bearing 17, the third front bearing 25, and the fourth front bearing 30 passes through the front flange 49 and the twenty-third flow channel 50 and the twenty-fourth flow channel 51 in the front bearing housing 1, the first spacer ring 53 and the twenty-sixth flow channel 54 and the twenty-seventh flow channel 55 in the front bearing housing 1, the second spacer ring 56 and the front bearing housing 1, respectively. The oil return gas flows through the twenty-eighth flow channel 57, the twenty-ninth flow channel 58, the third diaphragm ring 59, and the thirtieth flow channel 60, the thirty-first flow channel 61 in the front bearing housing 1, as well as the thirty-second flow channel 62, the thirty-third flow channel 63, the thirty-fourth flow channel 65, the thirty-fifth flow channel 66, and the thirty-sixth flow channel 67 in the front bearing housing 1 and the bushing 64. The first three return gas channels eventually enter the twenty-fifth flow channel 52, where they merge with the latter two return gas channels and enter the fifty-second flow channel 68. The gas then flows out of the main shaft through the ninth inlet 69 of the front bearing housing 1, completing the return gas process. (See also...) Figure 5As shown, high-speed gas at the front end of the main shaft enters the forty-third flow channel 79 through the sixth inlet 78 of the front bearing housing 1. Then, at the forty-fourth flow channel 80, it splits into a branch that continues to move towards the nose of the main shaft and a branch that moves towards the first front bearing 9. The gas branch moving through the latter enters the forty-fifth flow channel 81 under the action of the plug, and then enters the radial annular forty-sixth flow channel 82 of the front flange 49. The gas then enters through the annular forty-sixth flow channel 82 into a certain number of radially distributed through-holes: the seventh through-hole 83, the eighth through-hole 84, the ninth through-hole 85, the tenth through-hole 86, the eleventh through-hole 87, the twelfth through-hole 88, the thirteenth through-hole 89, the fourteenth through-hole 90, the fifteenth through-hole 91, the sixteenth through-hole 92, the seventeenth through-hole 93, the eighteenth through-hole 94, the nineteenth through-hole 95, the twentieth through-hole 96, and the twentieth through-hole 97. Through holes 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, and finally, the airflow exits from the shaft core gap to prevent the oil-air mixture from flowing towards the spindle nose and to guide the front-end oil-air return into the same 23rd and 24th flow channels 50 and 51 within the front flange 49, thus completing the oil-air return process more efficiently. Another branch of the air-sealing flow channel, continuing towards the spindle nose, first passes through the 47th flow channel 105 of the front flange 49, then through the front cover 106 into the 48th and 49th flow channels 107 and 108, finally exiting from the shaft core nose gap to prevent external impurities from entering the spindle and achieve the nose-end air-sealing function. At this point, the flow medium journey of the front bearing oil-air lubrication and air-sealing structure ends. The oil-gas nozzles are positioned in four inlets along the axial direction of the front bearing housing, with the oblique small outlets at the bottom of the nozzles corresponding to the lubrication of the first four bearings. The positional relationship between the various axial flow channels is distributed along the circumference of the main shaft, and the circumferentially distributed axial flow channels do not intersect. The gas entering the numerous orifices through the annular forty-sixth flow channel 82 will be ejected from the shaft core gap, which acts as an airflow barrier to prevent the front oil-gas mixture from flowing towards the front of the main shaft. In addition, its second function is to guide the flow; that is, the front oil-gas mixture, unable to pass through this airflow barrier, will enter the designated twenty-third flow channel 50 and twenty-fourth flow channel 51, until finally flowing out of the main shaft. After acting as a barrier and guide, most of the gas ejected from the numerous orifices into the shaft core gap will disperse in the air inside the main shaft, with a very small portion entering the twenty-third flow channel 50 and twenty-fourth flow channel 51 and exiting with the front oil-gas mixture.

[0044] In some embodiments, an air-sealing channel is provided on the rear bearing housing 34, and a gap exists between the rear bearing housing 34 and the shaft core 0. The air-sealing channel communicates with the gap, allowing airflow within the air-sealing channel to flow into the gap. This technical solution, by adding a rear-end air-sealing channel, not only considers the air-sealing effect at the rear bearing but also guides and controls the flow direction of oil and gas at the rear, improving the oil and gas recovery and utilization rate. It also simplifies parts processing and assembly processes and optimizes the usage conditions of industrial oil and gas.

[0045] The spindle lubrication structure of this invention improves the efficiency of oil-air lubrication and the effect of air sealing, increases the utilization rate of the channel, simplifies the setting of oil-air lubrication and air sealing structures at the front and rear bearings, saves water, electricity, hydraulic and gas utilization, and solves the problems of efficiency and space utilization.

[0046] The spindle lubrication structure of this invention achieves independent and uniform quantitative lubrication of the oil-air mixture for each bearing. The oil and air return directions at the front and rear ends are ultimately directed into the same axial flow channel, meaning that the oil and air from both ends converge and exit the spindle within the same channel. Then, air-sealed channels are opened near the front and rear oil-air lubrication channels, allowing the branch of the front air-sealed channel to achieve reasonable control and guidance of the oil-air mixture near the oil return port through micro-holes under the radial annular flow channel. This improves oil return efficiency and prevents the bearing oil churning and heat generation effect caused by excessive oil-air mixture. Using this invention as the spindle oil-air lubrication and air-sealing structure not only increases the efficiency of the independent oil-air lubrication channels but also utilizes auxiliary air-sealed channels to guide and control the oil-air return process, simplifying the channel machining process and reducing parts processing costs. Simultaneously, it provides the possibility of auxiliary control of the oil-air lubrication and air-sealing channels under different machining conditions. Ultimately, this improves the utilization efficiency of the oil-air lubrication and air-sealing channels and extends the spindle's service life.

[0047] In the spindle lubrication structure of the present invention, see reference [link to previous document] Figure 3As shown, the first oil-air mixture enters the main shaft through the fourth inlet 32 ​​of the rear pipeline plate 31, enters the fifteenth flow channel 35 of the rear bearing housing 34 via the fourteenth flow channel 33, then enters the sixteenth flow channel 37 of the fifth oil-air nozzle 36 installed in the rear bearing housing 34, and then enters the seventeenth flow channel 38 due to the plugging action, finally being ejected from the individual fifth through hole 39 to achieve independent lubrication of the rolling elements of the rear bearing 40; the second oil-air mixture enters the main shaft through the fifth inlet 41 of the rear pipeline plate 31, enters the nineteenth flow channel 43 of the rear bearing housing 34 via the eighteenth flow channel 42, then enters the twentieth flow channel 45 of the sixth oil-air nozzle 44 installed in the rear bearing housing 34, and then enters the twenty-first flow channel 46 due to the plugging action, finally being ejected from the individual sixth through hole 47 to achieve independent lubrication of the inner ring of the rear bearing 40; the above two oil-air lubrication fifth nozzles 36 and sixth nozzles 44 both directly pass through the rear bearing housing 34 and the rear flange 72 to achieve independent and uniform lubrication of each component of the rear bearing; see also [reference needed] Figure 4 As shown, the oil and gas return begins at the rear bearing 40. To simplify the design of the rear bearing oil and gas return channel, the oil and gas returning from the rear bearing 40 passes through the 37th flow channel 70, 38th flow channel 71, and 39th flow channel 73 of the rear bearing housing 34 and the rear flange 72, respectively. They then converge and enter the 40th flow channel 74 and 41st flow channel 75, finally flowing out of the main shaft from the oil and gas outlet 77 via the 42nd flow channel 76 of the rear pipe plate 31, completing the oil and gas return process. (See also...) Figure 5 As shown, the rear air seal flow channel first enters the spindle through the seventh inlet 109 of the rear pipeline plate 31, then enters the fiftyth flow channel 111 of the rear bearing housing 34 through the fiftieth flow channel 110, and enters the eighth flow channel 112 under the action of the plug. Finally, the airflow is ejected from the shaft core gap to prevent the rear oil-air mixture from flowing towards the spindle motor end, and to reasonably guide the rear oil-air return into the same thirty-eighth flow channel 71 and fortieth flow channel 74 specified in the rear bearing housing 34, thus completing the oil-air return process more efficiently. At this time, the flow medium journey of the rear bearing oil-air lubrication and air seal structure ends. The airflow entering the rear air seal through the seventh inlet 109 forms an airflow barrier to prevent the rear oil-air mixture from flowing towards the front end of the spindle. In addition to preventing the rear oil-air mixture from flowing towards the front end of the spindle, the rear oil-air mixture cannot pass through this airflow barrier and will flow out of the spindle through the specified thirty-eighth flow channel 71 and fortieth flow channel 74. After fulfilling its role as a barrier and guide, most of the airflow will disperse in the air inside the main shaft, and a very small portion will follow the oil-gas mixture at the rear end and exit from the return oil outlet 77.

[0048] In some embodiments, the front bearing housing 1 is provided with a first oil return channel, through which lubricating oil passing through the front bearing component flows into and out of the front bearing housing 1; and / or, the rear bearing housing 34 is provided with a second oil return channel, through which lubricating oil passing through the rear bearing component flows into and out of the rear bearing housing 34. In this technical solution, the second and first oil return channels enable the recycling of lubricating oil, improving the oil-gas recovery rate.

[0049] In general, the oil-air lubrication and air-sealing channels of an electric spindle are separately designed and located at the rear end of the overall structure, respectively fulfilling the lubrication and air-sealing functions of the spindle bearings. Conventional channel designs typically utilize a deep, long, straight hole connection at the rear end of the spindle, often neglecting the combined effect of opening holes at both ends and adding dedicated channel structures, as well as the positive promoting effect of the air-sealing channel on the oil-air lubrication channel. This combined channel design not only improves the efficiency of both processes but also saves on water, electricity, and hydraulic fluids during spindle operation.

[0050] The spindle lubrication structure of this invention includes front and rear bearing housings, bushings, front and rear flanges, a front cover, and a rear piping disc. Additional components include various oil-air lubrication nozzles. On one hand, multiple independent oil-air lubrication channels are directly opened at the front and rear bearing structures of the spindle, allowing the oil-air mixture to enter from the front bearing housing, be ejected by independent oil-air nozzles, and have its position fixed using multiple screws. Finally, the return oil-air channel converges through multiple oil-air lubrication channels to flow out through the same oil-air outlet. Simultaneously, front and rear air-sealing channels are opened near the oil-air lubrication channels, and a branch of the front air seal provides reasonable guidance and control for the flow direction of the return oil-air from the front bearing, making its flow more efficient. This not only enables independent lubrication of the bearing while also allowing for quantitative supply of bearing oil and gas, thus improving lubrication efficiency, but also avoids oil and gas leakage problems caused by multi-part assembly, simplifies part processing and assembly processes, and allows for guidance and control of the return oil and gas channel, improving oil and gas lubrication efficiency. Furthermore, it breaks away from the traditional consideration of air seal structure by adding a rear air seal channel, which not only takes into account the air seal effect at the rear bearing, but also guides and controls the direction of oil and gas flow at the rear, improving the oil and gas recovery and utilization rate.

[0051] The present invention also provides an electric spindle, including the spindle lubrication structure described above.

[0052] It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that, without conflict, the advantageous technical features of the above-mentioned methods can be freely combined and superimposed.

[0053] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spindle lubrication structure characterized by: Comprise: The shaft core (0), the front end cover (106), the front end flange (49), the front bearing seat (1), the shaft sleeve (64), the rear bearing seat (34), the rear end flange (72) and the rear end pipeline disc (31) are sequentially sleeved on the shaft core (0), a plurality of front bearing pieces are arranged between the front bearing seat (1) and the shaft core (0), a rear bearing piece is arranged between the rear bearing seat (34) and the shaft core (0), a plurality of front lubricating channels are arranged on the front bearing seat (1), the lubricating channels correspond to the front bearing pieces one by one, a plurality of rear lubricating channels are arranged on the rear bearing seat, and the rear lubricating channels are opposite to the rear bearing pieces; the liquid inlet of the rear lubricating channel is arranged on the outer circumferential wall of the rear bearing seat (34), and the liquid inlets of the plurality of rear lubricating channels are symmetrically arranged about the shaft core (0) along the circumference of the rear bearing seat (34); the air seal channel is arranged on the front bearing seat (1), the air inlet of the air seal channel is arranged on the outer circumferential wall of the front bearing seat (1), the first airflow channel is arranged on the front end flange (49), the first airflow channel is communicated with the air seal channel, the first airflow channel penetrates the front end flange (49) along the radial direction of the front end flange (49), and part of the airflow in the air seal channel can flow into the outer circumferential wall of the shaft core (0) through the first airflow channel; the front end cover (106) has a gap with the shaft core (0), the second airflow channel is arranged on the front end cover (106), the air seal channel is communicated with the gap through the second airflow channel, the remaining airflow in the air seal channel flows into the gap, and then flows out from the end of the main shaft; The air seal channel is arranged on the rear bearing seat (34), the gap is arranged between the rear bearing seat (34) and the shaft core (0), the air seal channel is communicated with the gap, and the airflow in the air seal channel can flow into the gap.

2. The spindle lubrication arrangement of claim 1, wherein: The plurality of front bearing pieces are arranged at intervals, and the front lubricating channels are arranged in the spacer rings between the plurality of front bearing pieces, between the front end flange (49) and one side of the front bearing pieces, and between the front bearing seat (1) and the other side of the front bearing pieces, so that the lubricating oil flows into the front bearing pieces from the spacer rings.

3. The spindle lubrication arrangement of claim 1, wherein: A plurality of nozzle assemblies are arranged on the front bearing seat (1), the nozzle assemblies correspond to the front lubricating channels one by one, the front lubricating channels are communicated with the nozzle assemblies, the nozzle assemblies are arranged opposite to the front bearing pieces, and the nozzle assemblies can spray lubricating oil into the front bearing pieces.

4. The spindle lubrication arrangement of claim 1, wherein: The liquid inlets of the plurality of front lubricating channels are arranged on the outer circumferential wall of the front bearing seat (1), and the liquid inlets of the plurality of front lubricating channels are symmetrically arranged about the shaft core (0) along the circumference of the front bearing seat (1).

5. The spindle lubrication arrangement of claim 1, wherein: A plurality of nozzle assemblies are arranged on the rear bearing seat (34), the nozzle assemblies correspond to the rear lubricating channels one by one, the rear lubricating channels are communicated with the nozzle assemblies, the nozzle assemblies are arranged opposite to the front bearing pieces, and the nozzle assemblies can spray lubricating oil into the front bearing pieces.

6. The spindle lubrication arrangement of claim 1, wherein: The front bearing seat (1) is provided with a first oil return channel, lubricating oil passing through the front bearing pieces can flow into the first oil return channel and flow out of the front bearing seat (1) from the first oil return channel; and / or the rear bearing seat (34) is provided with a second oil return channel, lubricating oil passing through the rear bearing pieces can flow into the second oil return channel and flow out of the rear bearing seat (34) from the oil return channel.

7. An electric spindle characterized by: The main shaft lubricating structure comprises the main shaft lubricating structure according to any one of claims 1-6.

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