Moisture-control and antifreeze materials for roadbed in high-altitude and cold regions and their preparation and construction

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of building materials and provides a moisture-control antifreeze material for roadbeds in high-altitude and cold regions of the plateau, as well as its preparation and construction. The material is formed by mixing an antifreeze component and a solid waste gel material. The antifreeze component is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21.8 parts of acrylic acid, 15.3 parts to 23.5 parts of a betaine-type zwitterionic compound, 10.2 parts to 20.1 parts of chitosan, 54.3 parts to 60 parts of a metal salt solution with a mass concentration of 25% to 30%, 54.3 parts to 60 parts of an alcohol, 1.1188 parts to 4.3632 parts of a cross-linking agent, and 0.0864 parts of an initiator. The present invention can further enhance the ability of roadbed soil to resist freeze-thaw cycles, reduce the freezing temperature of roadbed soil, intelligently control the moisture content in the roadbed, and effectively improve the service toughness of the roadbed. Using the improvement method provided by the present invention, the roadbed's resistance to frost heave and thaw settlement is significantly and stably improved, with low cost and environmental protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of building materials, and particularly relates to a moisture-controlling and antifreeze material for roadbeds in high-altitude and cold regions, and the preparation and construction thereof. Background Art

[0002] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not necessarily be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those skilled in the art.

[0003] The combined effects of freeze-thaw cycles and vehicle loads on highway subgrades in high-altitude, seasonally frozen areas of the plateau lead to significant degradation in stiffness and strength, which can easily lead to roadbed slurrying, collapse, pavement cracking, and continuous rutting. Frost heave and thaw settlement of subgrades in seasonally frozen areas is essentially the result of internal moisture migrating to the top of the subgrade under the influence of a temperature gradient, freezing into ice under negative temperature conditions and causing frost heave. As ambient temperature rises, the frozen soil gradually melts to form a saturated layer, rapidly reducing its moistening and softening strength. Both frost heave and thaw settlement can cause deformation of the subgrade, leading to uneven settlement, local landslides, and pavement cracking and arching. Water and temperature are essential conditions for frost heave and thaw settlement to occur. Currently, common treatment measures fall into three main categories: improving filler materials to weaken temperature sensitivity, laying insulation layers to block temperature transfer, and constructing drainage structures to control humidity. Traditional fillers such as lime and cement are non-renewable resources, and their large-scale use is not in line with the concept of building a resource-saving and environmentally friendly society. Green treatment methods such as coarse-grained material replacement and fiber reinforcement are relatively expensive. The insulation method has little effect on frost heave at the side slopes and toes of the roadbed. Due to issues such as process, construction period, and cost, the insulation method has not been widely promoted and is only used in local locations of some projects. Drainage and drainage measures are indirect adjustment methods with limited effect on frost heave and thaw settlement. They also increase the construction process and are only suitable for use in areas where frost heave and thaw settlement are not serious. Based on the mechanism of frost heave and thaw settlement of roadbeds in seasonally frozen areas, in order to completely solve this problem, we should start from controlling the moisture state of the roadbed and improving the frost resistance of the roadbed soil. Therefore, the development of a new material that can regulate the moisture of the roadbed and improve the ability of the roadbed soil to resist freeze-thaw cycles has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining the long-term service performance of roadbeds in plateau and cold areas, as well as its preparation and construction. The present invention can improve the ability of roadbed soil to resist freeze-thaw cycles, reduce the freezing temperature of roadbed soil, effectively regulate the moisture in the roadbed, and effectively improve the service toughness of the roadbed. By adopting the improvement method provided by the present invention, the roadbed's resistance to frost heave and thaw settlement is significantly and stably improved, with low cost and environmental protection.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbeds in high-altitude and cold regions. The material is prepared by mixing an antifreeze component and a solid waste gel material. The mass ratio of the antifreeze component to the solid waste gel material is 9:1-1.5.

[0007] The antifreeze component is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21.8 parts of acrylic acid, 15.3 parts to 23.5 parts of betaine type zwitterionic compound, 10.2 parts to 20.1 parts of chitosan, 30 parts to 40 parts of metal salt, 100 parts to 120 parts of alcohol, 1.1188 parts to 4.3632 parts of crosslinking agent, and 0.0864 parts of initiator;

[0008] The betaine type zwitterionic compound is methacryloylethyl sulfobetaine;

[0009] The solid waste gel material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-45 parts of slag, 35-40 parts of steel slag, 12.5-15 parts of desulfurization gypsum, and 5-7.5 parts of desulfurization ash.

[0010] Currently, there are many types of polymer hydrogels with different properties. In order to meet the requirements of improving the resistance of frozen heave and thaw settlement of roadbeds in frozen areas, the present invention has found through systematic research and extensive experimental exploration that a gel material prepared with acrylic acid, betaine-type zwitterionic compounds and chitosan as monomers and compounded with a solid waste gel material can effectively improve the ability of frozen roadbeds to resist freeze-thaw cycles, reduce the freezing temperature of roadbed soil, effectively regulate the moisture in the roadbed, and effectively improve the service toughness and service life of the roadbed. This may be due to the introduction of quaternary ammonium groups and sulfonic acid groups to improve the structure of the gel network. At the same time, metal salts, alcohols, chitosan, etc. are cross-linked through hydrogen bonds, ester bonds and electrostatic adsorption, so that they can better fix moisture and antifreeze agents such as salts and alcohols, and have better mechanical properties at low temperatures.

[0011] Acrylic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula C3H4O2. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. It is miscible in water, ethanol, and ether. It is chemically active and readily polymerizes in air. It can be reduced to propionic acid upon hydrogenation and reacts with hydrogen chloride to form 2-chloropropionic acid. It is primarily used in the preparation of acrylic resins.

[0012] Betaine-type zwitterionic compounds have the advantages of excellent chemical resistance, thermal stability, hydration ability, and are not easily affected by solution pH.

[0013] Chitosan is a product of the natural polysaccharide chitin by removing some acetyl groups. It has multiple physiological functions such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, antibacterial, anti-cancer, lipid-lowering, and immune enhancement. It is widely used in many fields such as food additives, textiles, agriculture, environmental protection, beauty and health care, cosmetics, antibacterial agents, medical fibers, medical dressings, artificial tissue materials, drug sustained-release materials, gene transduction vectors, biomedical fields, medical absorbable materials, tissue engineering carrier materials, medical and drug development, and other daily chemical industries.

[0014] The amino groups in chitosan's molecular structure are more reactive than the acetylamino groups in chitin, giving the polysaccharide excellent biological functions and the ability to undergo chemical modification reactions. Therefore, chitosan is considered a functional biomaterial with greater application potential than cellulose.

[0015] Based on the aforementioned antifreeze materials, the present invention also explored specific types of betaine-type zwitterionic compounds. It has been demonstrated that antifreeze materials prepared using methacryloylethyl sulfobetaine as a monomer can effectively improve the ability of roadbeds in frozen areas to resist freeze-thaw cycles, reduce the freezing temperature of roadbed soil, effectively regulate the moisture content within the roadbed, and effectively increase the toughness and service life of the roadbed.

[0016] Methacryloylethyl sulfobetaine (SBMA) is a representative of sulfonium zwitterionic compounds, CAS number: 3637-26-1, molecular formula: C 11 H 21 NO5S, the structural formula is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] Methacryloylethyl sulfobetaine has a unique zwitterionic chain structure, and the quaternary ammonium cation and sulfonic acid anion are not easily affected by the pH value of the solution, and have good chemical thermal stability. At the same time, the preparation method is simple and easy to operate, and it has been commercialized.

[0019] In order to further improve the antifreeze performance of the antifreeze material, the present invention explores the types of metal salts in the antifreeze material. Preferably, the metal salt is calcium chloride, sodium chloride, aluminum chloride or lithium chloride.

[0020] In order to further improve the antifreeze performance of the antifreeze material, the present invention explores the type of alcohol in the antifreeze material. Preferably, the alcohol is ethylene glycol or glycerol.

[0021] The present invention also explores the type and proportion of the cross-linking agent in the antifreeze material. Preferably, the cross-linking agent is N,N methylenebisacrylamide and hydroxyethyl methacrylate. More preferably, the mass ratio of N,N methylenebisacrylamide and hydroxyethyl methacrylate is 0.0388-0.0432:1.08-4.32.

[0022] The present invention also explores the type of initiator in the antifreeze material. Preferably, the initiator is potassium persulfate.

[0023] The present invention also explores the particle size of the slag in the antifreeze material. Preferably, the particle size of the slag is 200 mesh to 400 mesh.

[0024] Slag is a byproduct of the blast furnace ironmaking process. During this process, iron oxide is reduced to metallic iron at high temperatures. Impurities such as silica and alumina in the iron ore react with lime and other materials to form a molten material primarily composed of silicates and aluminosilicates. This molten material is then quenched into a loose, porous granular material known as blast furnace slag, or simply slag.

[0025] The chemical composition of slag includes oxides such as CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, MnO, and Fe2O3, along with small amounts of sulfides such as CaS and MnS. Generally speaking, CaO, SiO2, and Al2O3 account for over 90% of the total slag. The chemical composition of slag is essentially the same as that of cement, except that the CaO content is lower and the SiO2 content is higher. Furthermore, alkaline slag, which has a high CaO content, also contains components such as dicalcium silicate, giving it a slightly hydraulic nature.

[0026] The present invention also explores the particle size of the steel slag in the antifreeze material. Preferably, the particle size of the steel slag is 100 mesh to 300 mesh.

[0027] Steel slag is a byproduct of the steelmaking process. It is composed of various oxides formed during the smelting process by oxidation of impurities such as silicon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur in pig iron, as well as salts formed by reactions between these oxides and solvents. Steel slag contains a variety of useful components: 2% to 8% metallic iron, 40% to 60% calcium oxide, 3% to 10% magnesium oxide, and 1% to 8% manganese oxide, making it a useful raw material for steelmaking. The mineral composition of steel slag is primarily tricalcium silicate, followed by dicalcium silicate, RO phase, dicalcium ferrite, and free calcium oxide. Steel slag is clinker, a remelting phase with a low melting temperature. During remelting, the liquid phase forms early, resulting in excellent fluidity.

[0028] The present invention also explores the particle size of the desulfurization gypsum in the antifreeze material. Preferably, the particle size of the desulfurization gypsum is 300-400 meshes.

[0029] Desulfurization gypsum is an industrial byproduct, primarily produced by the reaction of limestone powder and sulfur dioxide during the flue gas desulfurization process. Its main component is calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O), typically exceeding 90%. Desulfurization gypsum is characterized by high purity, stable composition, and small particle size, and is typically light gray or off-white in appearance. Due to its high purity and stable composition, desulfurization gypsum is widely used in various fields, including construction and cement production.

[0030] The production process of desulfurization gypsum involves crushing limestone into a fine powder, mixing it with water, and stirring it into an absorption slurry. This slurry then comes into contact with flue gas in an absorption tower, where a chemical reaction removes sulfur dioxide from the flue gas. The final reaction product is gypsum. This process not only helps reduce environmental pollution but also produces a reusable byproduct—desulfurization gypsum—achieving both environmental and economic benefits.

[0031] The present invention also explores the particle size of the desulfurization ash in the antifreeze material. Preferably, the particle size of the desulfurization ash is 300 mesh to 400 mesh.

[0032] Desulfurization ash is a waste product generated during coal-fired power generation. It is primarily composed of gypsum and calcium oxide, with a high gypsum content. It also contains small amounts of heavy metal ions such as lead, cadmium, and chromium. Desulfurization ash generally has a uniform particle size, is fine, and has a smooth surface. It is typically white or light gray in color.

[0033] Desulfurization ash is a solid waste generated by semi-dry and dry flue gas desulfurization processes. Sintering flue gas desulfurization ash is a mixture of particles produced after sintering flue gas reacts with a desulfurizer and is separated by a cyclone separator or bag filter. Depending on the desulfurization process, desulfurization ash can be divided into in-furnace calcium injection desulfurization ash, spray-dried flue gas desulfurization ash, circulating fluidized bed (CFB) desulfurization ash, and dense phase tower semi-dry flue gas desulfurization ash.

[0034] Desulfurization ash, whose main component is gypsum, has certain hardening and gelling properties, and can therefore be used to produce building materials such as gypsum board, gypsum powder, and cement. It can also be used in soil improvement and fertilizer production.

[0035] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions, comprising:

[0036] mixing acrylic acid, a betaine type zwitterionic compound and chitosan to obtain a mixed monomer;

[0037] mixing the metal salt and the alcohol uniformly to obtain a metal salt / alcohol two-phase solution;

[0038] The mixed monomer is mixed evenly with the metal salt / alcohol two-phase solution, and under the protection of an inert atmosphere, a cross-linking agent and an initiator are added, mixed evenly, and a polymerization reaction is carried out to obtain a gel-state substance;

[0039] Freezing, drying, crushing, and sieving the gel-state substance to obtain an antifreeze component;

[0040] Mixing slag, steel slag, desulfurized gypsum and desulfurized ash evenly to obtain a solid waste gel material;

[0041] The antifreeze component is mixed evenly with the solid waste gel material to obtain the product.

[0042] Furthermore, the acrylic acid, betaine type zwitterionic compound and chitosan are mixed in a water bath.

[0043] Furthermore, the metal salt and alcohol are mixed under water bath conditions.

[0044] Furthermore, the drying temperature is 60°C-65°C.

[0045] The third aspect of the present invention provides a construction method for the above-mentioned weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in high-altitude and cold areas, comprising:

[0046] Spread and compact the RMG geosynthetics to form a water-proof and moisture-control layer;

[0047] Laying soil material on the upper part of the water-proof and moisture-controlling layer to the bottom of the frozen area of ​​the roadbed, and clearing and compacting the surface to obtain the soil roadbed;

[0048] The soil material is mixed evenly with the antifreeze material and the soil material, with the antifreeze material being added in an amount of 0.3% to 0.5% of the mass of the soil, to obtain antifreeze material improved soil;

[0049] Laying the antifreeze material improved soil on the soil roadbed and compacting it to obtain a water-binding antifreeze layer;

[0050] The soil material is laid in layers on the top of the water-binding and antifreeze layer, and each layer is sprayed with a hydrophobic material and compacted to form a hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer.

[0051] Furthermore, the antifreeze material and soil material are mixed using a road mixing method.

[0052] Furthermore, the thickness of the hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer is 20±1 cm.

[0053] Furthermore, the thickness of the water-binding antifreeze layer is the same as the distance from the bottom of the hydrophobic anti-seepage layer to the maximum freezing depth.

[0054] Furthermore, the soil roadbed is prepared by the following method: spraying hydrophobic material on the soil as edge soil, first spreading the edge soil on the upper part of the water-isolating and moisture-controlling layer, and then spreading the soil, and compacting to obtain the roadbed.

[0055] Furthermore, the thickness of the edging soil layer is 1 to 3 meters.

[0056] Beneficial effects of the present invention

[0057] (1) The present invention is simple to manufacture and inexpensive: the antifreeze material of the present invention can be manufactured using a simple water bath polymerization method, which requires less testing space. The raw materials used are all common materials, non-toxic and harmless, inexpensive, easy to purchase, and convenient for large-scale use.

[0058] (2) The antifreeze material of the present invention is a high-density, strongly hydrogen-bonded cross-linked polymer material with good weather resistance and toughness. It can still maintain stable antifreeze ability in harsh environments. After the antifreeze material is mixed with the soil for improvement, the freezing temperature of the soil can reach -27.8°C, and it still maintains good performance after experiencing several freeze-thaw cycles and dry-wet cycles.

[0059] (3) The present invention uses antifreeze materials to intelligently regulate the internal moisture state of the roadbed. When the internal moisture content of the roadbed is high, the antifreeze materials can actively absorb the internal moisture of the roadbed soil. After absorbing water, they can fill the internal pores of the soil, reduce the water migration channels, thereby inhibiting the migration of water inside the roadbed and enhancing the density and strength of the soil.

[0060] (4) The present invention combines a variety of functional materials to improve the roadbed working area, so that the upper part can prevent rainfall infiltration and the lower part can reduce groundwater migration. At the same time, the frozen area is improved to resist freezing, and the "open structure" is transformed into a "closed structure", thereby improving the service toughness of the roadbed in high-altitude and cold areas.

[0061] (5) The preparation method of the present invention is simple, practical, and easy to promote. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their description are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0063] Figure 1 It is a powdery product made by grinding antifreeze materials.

[0064] Figure 2 This is the temperature-time curve of antifreeze material.

[0065] Figure 3 Temperature-time curve of the improved soil after it was improved with antifreeze materials.

[0066] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the application method of the functional materials of Example 1 and Example 2;

[0067] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the functional material application method of Example 3;

[0068] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the functional material application method of Example 4;

[0069] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the functional material application method of Example 5;

[0070] Figure 4-Figure 7 Among them, 1. Road surface, 2. Water-proof and moisture-proof layer, 3. Water-binding and anti-freezing layer, 4. Hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer, 5. Drainage ditch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0071] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0072] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0073] Regarding the use of “the”: Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, as used herein, the singular forms “a” and “an” are intended to include the plural forms as well.

[0074] All numerical designations, such as pH, temperature, time, concentration, amount, and molecular weight, including ranges, are approximate and may vary in increments of (+) or (-) 0.1 or 1.0, as appropriate. It will be understood that all numerical designations may be preceded by the term "about," although not always explicitly stated.

[0075] Regarding "range statements": As will be understood by those skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, particularly in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any listed range can be readily identified as fully described, and the same range can be broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be readily broken down into a lower third, a middle third, an upper third, etc.

[0076] Those skilled in the art will also understand that all language such as "at most," "at least," "greater than," "less than," etc., are inclusive of the recited numbers and refer to ranges that can be subsequently subdivided into the sub-ranges discussed above.

[0077] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in this field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is mutually contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0078] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the specific embodiments are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it.

[0079] In the following examples and comparative examples, the particle size of slag is 200-400 mesh, the particle size of steel slag is 100-300 mesh, the particle size of desulfurization gypsum is 300-400 mesh, and the particle size of desulfurization ash is 300-400 mesh.

[0080] Example 1

[0081] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment is applicable to low fill roadbeds. It is a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material used for maintaining the long-term service performance of roadbeds in plateau and cold regions. It is made by mixing an antifreeze component and a solid waste gel material. The mass ratio of the antifreeze component to the solid waste gel material is 9:1.

[0082] The antifreeze component is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21.8g acrylic acid, 15.3g SBMA, 10.2g chitosan, 54.3g of a metal salt solution (calcium chloride) with a mass concentration of 30%, 54.3g of an alcohol (ethylene glycol), a crosslinking agent (0.388g of a crosslinking agent N,N methylenebisacrylamide and 1.08g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and an initiator (0.0423g of potassium persulfate);

[0083] The solid waste gel material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 g of slag, 35 g of steel slag, 15 g of desulfurization gypsum, and 5 g of desulfurization ash.

[0084] The method for preparing a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of a roadbed in plateau and cold regions in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0085] 1) Mix the monomers. Add 21.8g acrylic acid, 15.3g SBMA, and 10.2g chitosan to a wide-mouth beaker. Place the beaker in a low-temperature water bath and mix thoroughly. Use a 1000ml beaker in a water bath below 30°C.

[0086] 2) Add the metal salt / alcohol solution and mix thoroughly. The metal salt solution should have a concentration of 30% by mass and a 1:1 ratio of metal salt to alcohol. Stir magnetically in a water bath for 10 minutes to ensure thorough mixing. The water bath should be at 40°C and equipped with a nitrogen atmosphere, thermometer, magnetic stirring device, and titration funnel.

[0087] 3) Add the crosslinking agent and initiator. Under nitrogen, add 0.0388g of the crosslinking agent N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and 1.08g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate to the mixture prepared in the previous step. Stir magnetically for 10 minutes. Then, disperse the mixture using an ultrasonic material disperser for 30 minutes. Then, add 0.0423g of the initiator potassium persulfate and mechanically stir the mixture using a heat-collecting magnetic stirring device for 10 minutes to thoroughly mix.

[0088] 4) Perform a polymerization reaction to obtain a gel-like product. Place the mixture prepared in the previous step in a water bath at 70°C to allow polymerization to occur, producing a gel-like substance. Filter and wash the mixture several times with a mixture of water and ethanol. When the acrylic acid odor disappears, remove the mixture and freeze it in a refrigerator (-30°C) for 6 hours.

[0089] 5) The gel-like product is dried, ground, and sieved to obtain antifreeze materials of varying particle sizes. The frozen gel-like material is removed, cut, and dried in an oven at 60°C. The material is weighed repeatedly during drying until the mass remains constant. The solid material is removed from the oven and crushed in an airflow ultrafine mill to obtain the antifreeze component of the present invention.

[0090] 6) Mix 40g of slag, 35g of steel slag, 12.5g of desulfurization gypsum, and 5g of desulfurization ash to obtain a solid waste gel material;

[0091] 7) The antifreeze component and the solid waste gel material are mixed evenly to obtain the antifreeze material.

[0092] The construction method of the weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of the roadbed in high-altitude and cold areas in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0093] Step 1: Determine the local roadbed freezing depth and the form of the improved layer according to the local climate environment, roadbed structure and roadbed soil frost heave grade, and prepare the functional materials used.

[0094] Functional materials include: the antifreeze material, hydrophobic material and RMG geosynthetics;

[0095] RMG geosynthetics are manufactured using existing technologies (see Lu Yu. Research on the Mechanism and Application of Moisture Control in Low-Fill Roadbed Based on RMG [D]. Shandong University, 2024. DOI: 10.27272 / d.cnki.gshdu.2023.006922). They are divided into a waterproof side and a permeable side. During on-site installation, the waterproof side is placed on top, and the permeable side is placed below. A waterproof membrane is placed between the two sides, and a water-absorbing resin is added between the waterproof membrane and the permeable side.

[0096] The preparation method of the hydrophobic material comprises: stirring and mixing 2% nano-silica, 2% potassium methyl silicate, 2% propyltrimethoxysilane, 0.5% glass fiber and 93.5% water to obtain the hydrophobic material.

[0097] The improved layer includes a hydrophobic anti-seepage layer, a water-binding and anti-freezing layer, and a water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer. The hydrophobic anti-seepage layer uses hydrophobic materials to improve the roadbed soil, the water-binding and anti-freezing layer uses the aforementioned anti-freezing materials to improve the roadbed soil, and the water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer uses RMG geosynthetics.

[0098] The frost heave grade of the subgrade soil is determined according to the table given in the "Highway Subgrade Design Code (JTG D30-2015)".

[0099] Step 2: Clear and compact the foundation, spread and compact the RMG geosynthetics to form a water-proof and moisture-control layer.

[0100] Before the construction of RMG geosynthetics, the construction site must be thoroughly cleaned to ensure that the RMG can be fully deployed and laid. During the cleaning process, it is necessary to ensure that the surface of the site is flat and remove potholes and excess weeds.

[0101] When laying the RMG, the surface should be smooth and allow for proper deformation. The direction of RMG transmission should be consistent.

[0102] After laying RMG, it must be anchored to ensure its long-term effectiveness. Various anchoring methods are available, including pier nails, wire, clamps, and double-sided tape. The specific choice should be made based on actual conditions and design requirements. Regardless of the chosen anchoring method, it must be secure and reliable, preventing it from being dislodged by wind or water.

[0103] Step 3: Filling the roadbed with bare soil.

[0104] After the RMG is laid, plain soil is laid on top of it to the bottom of the frozen area of ​​the roadbed, and the surface is cleared and compacted.

[0105] Step 4: Carry out soil improvement construction with antifreeze materials to form a water-binding antifreeze layer.

[0106] The raw soil is transported to the designated location and evenly spread using an excavator and bulldozer. The powdered material (i.e., antifreeze material) is then spread using an intelligent powder spreader. Next, a road mixer is used to mix the antifreeze material and the raw soil on-site. The mixing speed is controlled at 5 m / min, and the mixture is mixed three times. The antifreeze material content is 0.3% of the soil mass. Mixing is stopped when the soil mixture is uniform in color, with no gray streaks, gray clumps, or uneven surfaces.

[0107] After mixing is completed, it is compacted several times to form a water-binding and anti-freeze layer.

[0108] Step 5: Carry out soil improvement with hydrophobic materials to form a hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer.

[0109] Lay plain soil in layers on top of the roadbed, and evenly spray hydrophobic material on each layer (the mass ratio of hydrophobic material to soil is 1:200) to fully mix the soil on the top of the roadbed with the water-binding material, and finally level and compact it.

[0110] Step 6: Laying the pavement structure.

[0111] After the construction of the hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer is completed, the pavement structure is laid on top of it.

[0112] Example 2

[0113] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment is applicable to low fill roadbeds. It is a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material used for maintaining the long-term service performance of roadbeds in plateau and cold regions. It is made by mixing an antifreeze component and a solid waste gel material. The mass ratio of the antifreeze component to the solid waste gel material is 9:1.

[0114] The antifreeze component is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21.8g acrylic acid, 23.5g SBMA, 20.1g chitosan, 65.2g of a 25% metal salt solution (sodium chloride), 65.2g of an alcohol (ethylene glycol), a crosslinking agent (0.0432g of a crosslinking agent N,N methylenebisacrylamide and 4.32g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and an initiator (0.0864g of potassium persulfate).

[0115] The solid waste gel material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 g of slag, 35 g of steel slag, 15 g of desulfurization gypsum, and 5 g of desulfurization ash.

[0116] The method for preparing a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of a roadbed in plateau and cold regions in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0117] 1) Mix the monomers. Add 21.8g acrylic acid, 15.3g SBMA, and 10.2g chitosan to a wide-mouth beaker. Place the beaker in a low-temperature water bath and mix thoroughly. Use a 1000ml beaker in a water bath below 30°C.

[0118] 2) Add the metal salt / alcohol solution and mix thoroughly. The metal salt solution should have a concentration of 30% by mass and a 1:1 ratio of metal salt to alcohol. Stir magnetically in a water bath for 10 minutes to ensure thorough mixing. The water bath should be at 40°C and equipped with a nitrogen atmosphere, thermometer, magnetic stirring device, and titration funnel.

[0119] 3) Add the crosslinking agent and initiator. Under nitrogen, add 0.0432g of the crosslinking agent N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and 4.32g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate to the mixture prepared in the previous step. Stir magnetically for 10 minutes. Then, disperse the mixture using an ultrasonic material disperser for 30 minutes. Then, add 0.0864g of the initiator potassium persulfate and stir mechanically for 10 minutes using a heat-collecting magnetic stirring device to thoroughly mix.

[0120] 4) Perform a polymerization reaction to obtain a gel-like product. Place the mixture prepared in the previous step in a water bath at 70°C to allow polymerization to occur, producing a gel-like substance. Filter and wash the mixture several times with a mixture of water and ethanol. When the acrylic acid odor disappears, remove the mixture and freeze it in a refrigerator (-30°C) for 6 hours.

[0121] 5) The gel-like product is dried, ground, and sieved to obtain antifreeze materials of varying particle sizes. The frozen gel-like material is removed, cut, and dried in an oven at 60°C. The material is weighed repeatedly during drying until the mass remains constant. The solid material is removed from the oven and crushed in an airflow ultrafine mill to obtain the antifreeze component of the present invention.

[0122] 6) Evenly mix 40g of slag, 35g of steel slag, 15g of desulfurization gypsum, and 5g of desulfurization ash to obtain a solid waste gel material;

[0123] 7) The antifreeze component and the solid waste gel material are mixed evenly to obtain the antifreeze material.

[0124] The construction method of the weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0125] Step 1: Determine the local roadbed freezing depth and the form of the improved layer according to the local climate environment, roadbed structure and roadbed soil frost heave grade, and prepare the functional materials used.

[0126] Functional materials include: the antifreeze material, hydrophobic material and RMG geosynthetics;

[0127] RMG geosynthetics are manufactured using existing technologies (see Lu Yu. Research on the Mechanism and Application of Moisture Control in Low-Fill Roadbed Based on RMG [D]. Shandong University, 2024. DOI: 10.27272 / d.cnki.gshdu.2023.006922). They are divided into a waterproof side and a permeable side. During on-site installation, the waterproof side is placed on top, and the permeable side is placed below. A waterproof membrane is placed between the two sides, and a water-absorbing resin is added between the waterproof membrane and the permeable side.

[0128] The preparation method of the hydrophobic material comprises: stirring and mixing 2% nano-silica, 2% potassium methyl silicate, 2% propyltrimethoxysilane, 0.5% glass fiber and 93.5% water to obtain the hydrophobic material.

[0129] The improved layer includes a hydrophobic anti-seepage layer, a water-binding and anti-freezing layer, and a water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer. The hydrophobic anti-seepage layer uses hydrophobic materials to improve the roadbed soil, the water-binding and anti-freezing layer uses the aforementioned anti-freezing materials to improve the roadbed soil, and the water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer uses RMG geosynthetics.

[0130] The frost heave grade of the subgrade soil is determined according to the table given in the "Highway Subgrade Design Code (JTG D30-2015)".

[0131] Step 2: Clear and compact the foundation, spread and compact the RMG geosynthetics to form a water-proof and moisture-control layer.

[0132] Before the construction of RMG geosynthetics, the construction site must be thoroughly cleaned to ensure that the RMG can be fully deployed and laid. During the cleaning process, it is necessary to ensure that the surface of the site is flat and remove potholes and excess weeds.

[0133] When laying the RMG, the surface should be smooth and allow for proper deformation. The direction of RMG transmission should be consistent.

[0134] After laying RMG, it must be anchored to ensure its long-term effectiveness. Various anchoring methods are available, including pier nails, wire, clamps, and double-sided tape. The specific choice should be made based on actual conditions and design requirements. Regardless of the chosen anchoring method, it must be secure and reliable, preventing it from being dislodged by wind or water.

[0135] Step 3: Filling the roadbed with bare soil.

[0136] After the RMG is laid, plain soil is laid on top of it to the bottom of the frozen area of ​​the roadbed, and the surface is cleared and compacted.

[0137] Step 4: Carry out soil improvement construction with antifreeze materials to form a water-binding antifreeze layer.

[0138] Transport the raw soil to the designated location and spread it evenly using an excavator and bulldozer. Use an intelligent powder spreader to spread the powder (i.e., antifreeze material). Next, use a road mixer to mix the antifreeze material and the raw soil on-site. Keep the mixing speed at 5 m / min, mix three times, and add 0.3% of the soil mass to the antifreeze material. Stop mixing when the soil mixture is uniform in color, with no gray streaks, gray clumps, or uneven surfaces.

[0139] After mixing is completed, it is compacted several times to form a water-binding and anti-freeze layer.

[0140] Step 5: Carry out soil improvement with hydrophobic materials to form a hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer.

[0141] Lay plain soil in layers on top of the roadbed, and evenly spray hydrophobic material on each layer (the mass ratio of hydrophobic material to soil is 1:200) to fully mix the soil on the top of the roadbed with the water-binding material, and finally level and compact it.

[0142] Step 6: Laying the pavement structure.

[0143] After the construction of the hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer is completed, the pavement structure is laid on top of it.

[0144] Example 3

[0145] Reference Figure 1This embodiment is applicable to low fill roadbeds. It is a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material used for maintaining the long-term service performance of roadbeds in plateau and cold regions. It is made by mixing an antifreeze component and a solid waste gel material. The mass ratio of the antifreeze component to the solid waste gel material is 9:1.

[0146] The antifreeze component is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21.8g acrylic acid, 23.5g SBMA, 20.1g chitosan, 16.3g metal salt, a crosslinking agent (0.0432g crosslinking agent N,N methylene bisacrylamide and 4.32g hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and an initiator (0.0864g potassium persulfate);

[0147] The solid waste gel material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 g of slag, 35 g of steel slag, 15 g of desulfurization gypsum, and 5 g of desulfurization ash.

[0148] The method for preparing a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of a roadbed in plateau and cold regions in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0149] 1) Mix the monomers. Add 21.8g acrylic acid, 15.3g SBMA, and 10.2g chitosan to a wide-mouth beaker. Place the beaker in a low-temperature water bath and mix thoroughly. Use a 1000ml beaker in a water bath below 30°C.

[0150] 2) Add 16.3g of metal salt and mix well.

[0151] 3) Add the crosslinking agent and initiator. Under nitrogen, add 0.0432g of the crosslinking agent N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and 4.32g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate to the mixture prepared in the previous step. Stir magnetically for 10 minutes. Then, disperse the mixture using an ultrasonic material disperser for 30 minutes. Then, add 0.0864g of the initiator potassium persulfate and stir mechanically for 10 minutes using a heat-collecting magnetic stirring device to thoroughly mix.

[0152] 4) Perform a polymerization reaction to obtain a gel-like product. Place the mixture prepared in the previous step in a water bath at 70°C to allow polymerization to occur, producing a gel-like substance. Filter and wash the mixture several times with a mixture of water and ethanol. When the acrylic acid odor disappears, remove the mixture and freeze it in a refrigerator (-30°C) for 6 hours to obtain a gel-like product.

[0153] 5) Soaking the gel product in ethylene glycol for 48 hours, freeze-drying the fully soaked gel product, and then crushing and grinding it to obtain the antifreeze component of the present invention.

[0154] 6) Evenly mix 40g of slag, 35g of steel slag, 15g of desulfurization gypsum, and 5g of desulfurization ash to obtain a solid waste gel material;

[0155] 7) The antifreeze component and the solid waste gel material are mixed evenly to obtain the antifreeze material.

[0156] The construction method of the weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0157] Step 1: Determine the local roadbed freezing depth and the form of the improved layer according to the local climate environment, roadbed structure and roadbed soil frost heave grade, and prepare the functional materials used.

[0158] Functional materials include: the antifreeze material, hydrophobic material and RMG geosynthetics;

[0159] RMG geosynthetics are manufactured using existing technologies (see Lu Yu. Research on the Mechanism and Application of Moisture Control in Low-Fill Roadbed Based on RMG [D]. Shandong University, 2024. DOI: 10.27272 / d.cnki.gshdu.2023.006922). They are divided into a waterproof side and a permeable side. During on-site installation, the waterproof side is placed on top, and the permeable side is placed below. A waterproof membrane is placed between the two sides, and a water-absorbing resin is added between the waterproof membrane and the permeable side.

[0160] The preparation method of the hydrophobic material comprises: stirring and mixing 2% nano-silica, 2% potassium methyl silicate, 2% propyltrimethoxysilane, 0.5% glass fiber and 93.5% water to obtain the hydrophobic material.

[0161] The improved layer includes a hydrophobic anti-seepage layer, a water-binding and anti-freezing layer, and a water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer. The hydrophobic anti-seepage layer uses hydrophobic materials to improve the roadbed soil, the water-binding and anti-freezing layer uses the aforementioned anti-freezing materials to improve the roadbed soil, and the water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer uses RMG geosynthetics.

[0162] The frost heave grade of the subgrade soil is determined according to the table given in the "Highway Subgrade Design Code (JTG D30-2015)".

[0163] Step 2: Clear and compact the foundation, and lay RMG geosynthetics in layers.

[0164] Spread and compact the RMG geosynthetics to form the first water-insulating and moisture-control layer. Build a 3-meter-deep soil roadbed on top of the RMG, compact and level it, and then lay the RMG to form the second water-insulating and moisture-control layer. Continue building another 3-meter-deep soil roadbed, compact and level it, and then lay the RMG to form the third water-insulating and moisture-control layer. Repeat these steps, laying multiple layers of RMG until the bottom of the frozen roadbed area is reached.

[0165] Because high-fill roadbeds are so high, RMG is layered on top of the plain soil to prevent moisture from accumulating inside the roadbed. This creates a multi-layered barrier layer. The spacing between adjacent geosynthetics layers is typically 2 to 4 meters.

[0166] Step 3: Improve the soil with antifreeze materials to form a water-binding antifreeze layer.

[0167] Transport the raw soil to the designated location and spread it evenly using an excavator and bulldozer. Use an intelligent powder spreader to spread the powder (i.e., antifreeze material). Next, use a road mixer to mix the antifreeze material and the raw soil on-site. Keep the mixing speed at 5 m / min, mix three times, and add 0.3% of the soil mass to the antifreeze material. Stop mixing when the soil mixture is uniform in color, with no gray streaks, gray clumps, or uneven surfaces.

[0168] After mixing is completed, it is compacted several times to form a water-binding and anti-freeze layer.

[0169] Step 4: Carry out soil improvement with hydrophobic materials to form a hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer.

[0170] Lay plain soil in layers on top of the roadbed, and evenly spray hydrophobic material on each layer (the mass ratio of hydrophobic material to soil is 1:200) to fully mix the soil on the top of the roadbed with the water-binding material, and finally level and compact it.

[0171] Step 5: Laying the pavement structure.

[0172] After the construction of the hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer is completed, the pavement structure is laid on top of it.

[0173] Example 4

[0174] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment is applicable to low fill roadbeds. It is a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material used for maintaining the long-term service performance of roadbeds in plateau and cold regions. It is made by mixing an antifreeze component and a solid waste gel material. The mass ratio of the antifreeze component to the solid waste gel material is 9:1.

[0175] The antifreeze component is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21.8g acrylic acid, 15.3g SBMA, 10.2g chitosan, 54.3g of a metal salt solution (aluminum chloride) with a mass concentration of 30%, 54.3g of alcohol (ethylene glycol), a crosslinking agent (0.388g of crosslinking agent N,N methylenebisacrylamide and 1.08g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and an initiator (0.0423g of potassium persulfate);

[0176] The solid waste gel material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 g of slag, 35 g of steel slag, 15 g of desulfurization gypsum, and 5 g of desulfurization ash.

[0177] The method for preparing a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of a roadbed in plateau and cold regions in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0178] 1) Mix the monomers. Add 21.8g acrylic acid, 15.3g SBMA, and 10.2g chitosan to a wide-mouth beaker. Place the beaker in a low-temperature water bath and mix thoroughly. Use a 1000ml beaker in a water bath below 30°C.

[0179] 2) Add the metal salt / alcohol solution and mix thoroughly. The metal salt solution should have a concentration of 30% by mass and a 1:1 ratio of metal salt to alcohol. Stir magnetically in a water bath for 10 minutes to ensure thorough mixing. The water bath should be at 40°C and equipped with a nitrogen atmosphere, thermometer, magnetic stirring device, and titration funnel.

[0180] 3) Add the crosslinking agent and initiator. Under nitrogen, add 0.0388g of the crosslinking agent N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and 1.08g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate to the mixture prepared in the previous step. Stir magnetically for 10 minutes. Then, disperse the mixture using an ultrasonic material disperser for 30 minutes. Then, add 0.0423g of the initiator potassium persulfate and mechanically stir the mixture using a heat-collecting magnetic stirring device for 10 minutes to thoroughly mix.

[0181] 4) Perform a polymerization reaction to obtain a gel-like product. Place the mixture prepared in the previous step in a water bath at 70°C to allow polymerization to occur, producing a gel-like substance. Filter and wash the mixture several times with a mixture of water and ethanol. When the acrylic acid odor disappears, remove the mixture and freeze it in a refrigerator (-30°C) for 6 hours.

[0182] 5) The gel-like product is dried, ground, and sieved to obtain antifreeze materials of varying particle sizes. The frozen gel-like material is removed, cut, and dried in an oven at 60°C. The material is weighed repeatedly during drying until the mass remains constant. The solid material is removed from the oven and crushed in an airflow ultrafine mill to obtain the antifreeze component of the present invention.

[0183] 6) Evenly mix 40g of slag, 35g of steel slag, 15g of desulfurization gypsum, and 5g of desulfurization ash to obtain a solid waste gel material;

[0184] 7) The antifreeze component and the solid waste gel material are mixed evenly to obtain the antifreeze material.

[0185] The construction method of the weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0186] Step 1: Determine the local roadbed freezing depth and the form of the improved layer according to the local climate environment, roadbed structure and roadbed soil frost heave grade, and prepare the functional materials used.

[0187] Functional materials include: the antifreeze material, hydrophobic material and RMG geosynthetics;

[0188] RMG geosynthetics are manufactured using existing technologies (see Lu Yu. Research on the Mechanism and Application of Moisture Control in Low-Fill Roadbed Based on RMG [D]. Shandong University, 2024. DOI: 10.27272 / d.cnki.gshdu.2023.006922). They are divided into a waterproof side and a permeable side. During on-site installation, the waterproof side is placed on top, and the permeable side is placed below. A waterproof membrane is placed between the two sides, and a water-absorbing resin is added between the waterproof membrane and the permeable side.

[0189] The preparation method of the hydrophobic material comprises: stirring and mixing 2% nano-silica, 2% potassium methyl silicate, 2% propyltrimethoxysilane, 0.5% glass fiber and 93.5% water to obtain the hydrophobic material.

[0190] The improved layer includes a hydrophobic anti-seepage layer, a water-binding and anti-freezing layer, and a water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer. The hydrophobic anti-seepage layer uses hydrophobic materials to improve the roadbed soil, the water-binding and anti-freezing layer uses the aforementioned anti-freezing materials to improve the roadbed soil, and the water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer uses RMG geosynthetics.

[0191] The frost heave grade of the subgrade soil is determined according to the table given in the "Highway Subgrade Design Code (JTG D30-2015)".

[0192] Step 2: Fill the plain soil roadbed to the bottom of the frozen area of ​​the roadbed, and clean and compact the surface.

[0193] Step 3: Clear and compact the foundation, spread and compact the RMG geosynthetics to form a water-proof and moisture-control layer.

[0194] Before the construction of RMG geosynthetics, the construction site must be thoroughly cleaned to ensure that the RMG can be fully deployed and laid. During the cleaning process, it is necessary to ensure that the surface of the site is flat and remove potholes and excess weeds.

[0195] When laying the RMG, the surface should be smooth and allow for proper deformation. The direction of RMG transmission should be consistent.

[0196] After laying RMG, it must be anchored to ensure its long-term effectiveness. Various anchoring methods are available, including pier nails, wire, clamps, and double-sided tape. The specific choice should be made based on actual conditions and design requirements. Regardless of the chosen anchoring method, it must be secure and reliable, preventing it from being dislodged by wind or water.

[0197] Step 4: Carry out soil improvement construction with antifreeze materials to form a water-binding antifreeze layer.

[0198] After the RMG is laid, a layer of plain soil is laid on top and leveled.

[0199] Transport the raw soil to the designated location and spread it evenly using an excavator and bulldozer. Use an intelligent powder spreader to spread the powder (i.e., antifreeze material). Next, use a road mixer to mix the antifreeze material and the raw soil on-site. Keep the mixing speed at 5 m / min, mix three times, and use an antifreeze material dosage of 0.5% of the soil mass. Stop mixing when the soil mixture is uniform in color, with no gray streaks, gray clumps, or uneven surfaces.

[0200] After mixing is completed, it is compacted several times to form a water-binding and anti-freeze layer.

[0201] Step 5: Carry out soil improvement with hydrophobic materials to form a hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer.

[0202] Lay plain soil in layers on top of the roadbed, and evenly spray hydrophobic material on each layer (the mass ratio of hydrophobic material to soil is 1:200) to fully mix the soil on the top of the roadbed with the water-binding material, and finally level and compact it.

[0203] Step 6: Laying the pavement structure.

[0204] After the construction of the hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer is completed, the pavement structure is laid on top of it.

[0205] Example 5

[0206] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment is suitable for slopes. It is a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material used for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbeds in plateau and cold regions. It is made by mixing antifreeze components and solid waste gel materials. The mass ratio of the antifreeze components to the solid waste gel materials is 9:1.

[0207] The antifreeze component is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21.8g acrylic acid, 15.3g SBMA, 10.2g chitosan, 60g of a 30% metal salt solution (lithium chloride), 60g of an alcohol (ethylene triol), a crosslinking agent (0.388g of a crosslinking agent N,N methylene bisacrylamide and 1.08g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and an initiator (0.0423g of potassium persulfate).

[0208] The solid waste gel material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 g of slag, 35 g of steel slag, 15 g of desulfurization gypsum, and 5 g of desulfurization ash.

[0209] The method for preparing a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of a roadbed in plateau and cold regions in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0210] 1) Mix the monomers. Add 21.8g acrylic acid, 15.3g SBMA, and 10.2g chitosan to a wide-mouth beaker. Place the beaker in a low-temperature water bath and mix thoroughly. Use a 1000ml beaker in a water bath below 30°C.

[0211] 2) Add the metal salt / alcohol solution and mix thoroughly. The metal salt solution should have a concentration of 30% by mass and a 1:1 ratio of metal salt to alcohol. Stir magnetically in a water bath for 10 minutes to ensure thorough mixing. The water bath should be at 40°C and equipped with a nitrogen atmosphere, thermometer, magnetic stirring device, and titration funnel.

[0212] 3) Add the crosslinking agent and initiator. Under nitrogen, add 0.0388g of the crosslinking agent N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and 1.08g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate to the mixture prepared in the previous step. Stir magnetically for 10 minutes. Then, disperse the mixture using an ultrasonic material disperser for 30 minutes. Then, add 0.0423g of the initiator potassium persulfate and mechanically stir the mixture using a heat-collecting magnetic stirring device for 10 minutes to thoroughly mix.

[0213] 4) Perform a polymerization reaction to obtain a gel-like product. Place the mixture prepared in the previous step in a water bath at 70°C to allow polymerization to occur, producing a gel-like substance. Filter and wash the mixture several times with a mixture of water and ethanol. When the acrylic acid odor disappears, remove the mixture and freeze it in a refrigerator (-30°C) for 6 hours.

[0214] 5) The gel-like product is dried, ground, and sieved to obtain antifreeze materials of varying particle sizes. The frozen gel-like material is removed, cut, and dried in an oven at 65°C. The material is weighed multiple times during drying until the mass remains constant. The solid material is removed from the oven and crushed in an airflow ultrafine mill to obtain the antifreeze component of the present invention.

[0215] 6) Mix 40g of slag, 35g of steel slag, 12.5g of desulfurization gypsum, and 5g of desulfurization ash to obtain a solid waste gel material;

[0216] 7) The antifreeze component and the solid waste gel material are mixed evenly to obtain the antifreeze material.

[0217] The construction method of the weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0218] Step 1: Determine the local roadbed freezing depth and the form of the improved layer according to the local climate environment, roadbed structure and roadbed soil frost heave grade, and prepare the functional materials used.

[0219] Functional materials include: the antifreeze material, hydrophobic material and RMG geosynthetics;

[0220] RMG geosynthetics are manufactured using existing technologies (see Lu Yu. Research on the Mechanism and Application of Moisture Control in Low-Fill Roadbed Based on RMG [D]. Shandong University, 2024. DOI: 10.27272 / d.cnki.gshdu.2023.006922). They are divided into a waterproof side and a permeable side. During on-site installation, the waterproof side is placed on top, and the permeable side is placed below. A waterproof membrane is placed between the two sides, and a water-absorbing resin is added between the waterproof membrane and the permeable side.

[0221] The preparation method of the hydrophobic material comprises: stirring and mixing 2% nano-silica, 2% potassium methyl silicate, 2% propyltrimethoxysilane, 0.5% glass fiber and 93.5% water to obtain the hydrophobic material.

[0222] The improved layer includes a hydrophobic anti-seepage layer, a water-binding and anti-freezing layer, and a water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer. The hydrophobic anti-seepage layer uses hydrophobic materials to improve the roadbed soil, the water-binding and anti-freezing layer uses the aforementioned anti-freezing materials to improve the roadbed soil, and the water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer uses RMG geosynthetics.

[0223] The frost heave grade of the subgrade soil is determined according to the table given in the "Highway Subgrade Design Code (JTG D30-2015)".

[0224] Step 2: Clear and compact the foundation, spread and compact the RMG geosynthetics to form a water-proof and moisture-control layer.

[0225] Before the construction of RMG geosynthetics, the construction site must be thoroughly cleaned to ensure that the RMG can be fully deployed and laid. During the cleaning process, it is necessary to ensure that the surface of the site is flat and remove potholes and excess weeds.

[0226] When laying the RMG, the surface should be smooth and allow for proper deformation. The direction of RMG transmission should be consistent.

[0227] After laying RMG, it must be anchored to ensure its long-term effectiveness. Various anchoring methods are available, including pier nails, wire, clamps, and double-sided tape. The specific choice should be made based on actual conditions and design requirements. Regardless of the chosen anchoring method, it must be secure and reliable, preventing it from being dislodged by wind or water.

[0228] Step 3: Plain soil roadbed and improved edge soil filling.

[0229] Spray a hydrophobic material evenly over the base soil to create a paving material. The paving material should be laid first, followed by the base soil, and compacted layer by layer. The paving material should be 1 to 3 meters thick.

[0230] The overlapping range of the compaction of the edge soil and the plain soil should not be less than 0.5 m, and the joints should be compacted 1 to 2 times more times.

[0231] The rolling should be carried out from both sides to the middle, and the super-high curve section should be rolled from low to high.

[0232] The plain soil roadbed and improved edge soil are filled to the bottom of the frozen area of ​​the roadbed, and the surface is cleared and compacted.

[0233] Step 4: Carry out soil improvement construction with antifreeze materials to form a water-binding antifreeze layer.

[0234] First, spread the improved edging soil. Then, transport the base soil to the designated location. Use excavators and bulldozers to spread the soil evenly. Use an intelligent powder spreader to spread the powder (i.e., antifreeze material). Next, use a road mixer to mix the antifreeze material and base soil on-site. Keep the mixing speed at 5 m / min, mix three times, and add 0.3% of the soil mass to the antifreeze material. Stop mixing when the soil mixture is uniform in color, with no gray streaks, clumps, or uneven surfaces.

[0235] The improved edge soil and frost-resistant improved soil are layered and compacted simultaneously.

[0236] Step 5: Carry out soil improvement with hydrophobic materials to form a hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer.

[0237] Lay plain soil in layers on top of the roadbed, and evenly spray hydrophobic material on each layer (the mass ratio of hydrophobic material to soil is 1:200) to fully mix the soil on the top of the roadbed with the water-binding material, and finally level and compact it.

[0238] Step 6: Laying the pavement structure.

[0239] After the construction of the hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer is completed, the pavement structure is laid on top of it.

[0240] Comparative Example 1

[0241] This comparative example is applicable to low fill roadbeds. It is a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material used for maintaining the long-term service performance of roadbeds in plateau and cold regions. It is made by mixing antifreeze components and solid waste gel materials. The mass ratio of the antifreeze components to the solid waste gel materials is 9:1.

[0242] The antifreeze component is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21.8g acrylic acid, 15.3g betaine (chemical formula: C5HNO2), 10.2g chitosan, 54.3g of a metal salt solution (calcium chloride) with a mass concentration of 30%, 54.3g of alcohol (ethylene glycol), a crosslinking agent (0388g of crosslinking agent N,N methylenebisacrylamide and 1.08g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and an initiator (0.0423g of potassium persulfate);

[0243] The solid waste gel material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 g of slag, 35 g of steel slag, 15 g of desulfurization gypsum, and 5 g of desulfurization ash.

[0244] The method for preparing a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of a roadbed in plateau and cold regions in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0245] 1) Mix the monomers. Add 21.8g acrylic acid, 15.3g betaine, and 10.2g chitosan to a wide-mouth beaker. Place the beaker in a low-temperature water bath and mix thoroughly. Use a 1000ml beaker in a water bath below 30°C.

[0246] 2) Add the metal salt / alcohol solution and mix thoroughly. The metal salt solution should have a concentration of 30% by mass and a 1:1 ratio of metal salt to alcohol. Stir magnetically in a water bath for 10 minutes to ensure thorough mixing. The water bath should be at 40°C and equipped with a nitrogen atmosphere, thermometer, magnetic stirring device, and titration funnel.

[0247] 3) Add the crosslinking agent and initiator. Under nitrogen, add 0.0388g of the crosslinking agent N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and 1.08g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate to the mixture prepared in the previous step. Stir magnetically for 10 minutes. Then, disperse the mixture using an ultrasonic material disperser for 30 minutes. Then, add 0.0423g of the initiator potassium persulfate and mechanically stir the mixture using a heat-collecting magnetic stirring device for 10 minutes to thoroughly mix.

[0248] 4) Perform a polymerization reaction to obtain a gel-like product. Place the mixture prepared in the previous step in a water bath at 70°C to allow polymerization to occur, producing a gel-like substance. Filter and wash the mixture several times with a mixture of water and ethanol. When the acrylic acid odor disappears, remove the mixture and freeze it in a refrigerator (-30°C) for 6 hours.

[0249] 5) The gel-like product is dried, ground, and sieved to obtain antifreeze materials of varying particle sizes. The frozen gel-like material is removed, cut, and dried in an oven at 60°C. The material is weighed repeatedly during drying until the mass remains constant. The solid material is removed from the oven and crushed in an airflow ultrafine mill to obtain the antifreeze component of the present invention.

[0250] 6) Mix 40g of slag, 35g of steel slag, 12.5g of desulfurization gypsum, and 5g of desulfurization ash to obtain a solid waste gel material;

[0251] 7) The antifreeze component and the solid waste gel material are mixed evenly to obtain the antifreeze material.

[0252] The construction method of the weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0253] Step 1: Determine the local roadbed freezing depth and the form of the improved layer according to the local climate environment, roadbed structure and roadbed soil frost heave grade, and prepare the functional materials used.

[0254] Functional materials include: the antifreeze material, hydrophobic material and RMG geosynthetics;

[0255] RMG geosynthetics are manufactured using existing technologies (see Lu Yu. Research on the Mechanism and Application of Moisture Control in Low-Fill Roadbed Based on RMG [D]. Shandong University, 2024. DOI: 10.27272 / d.cnki.gshdu.2023.006922). They are divided into a waterproof side and a permeable side. During on-site installation, the waterproof side is placed on top, and the permeable side is placed below. A waterproof membrane is placed between the two sides, and a water-absorbing resin is added between the waterproof membrane and the permeable side.

[0256] The preparation method of the hydrophobic material comprises: stirring and mixing 2% nano-silica, 2% potassium methyl silicate, 2% propyltrimethoxysilane, 0.5% glass fiber and 93.5% water to obtain the hydrophobic material.

[0257] The improved layer includes a hydrophobic anti-seepage layer, a water-binding and anti-freezing layer, and a water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer. The hydrophobic anti-seepage layer uses hydrophobic materials to improve the roadbed soil, the water-binding and anti-freezing layer uses the aforementioned anti-freezing materials to improve the roadbed soil, and the water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer uses RMG geosynthetics.

[0258] The frost heave grade of the subgrade soil is determined according to the table given in the "Highway Subgrade Design Code (JTG D30-2015)".

[0259] Step 2: Clear and compact the foundation, spread and compact the RMG geosynthetics to form a water-proof and moisture-control layer.

[0260] Before the construction of RMG geosynthetics, the construction site must be thoroughly cleaned to ensure that the RMG can be fully deployed and laid. During the cleaning process, it is necessary to ensure that the surface of the site is flat and remove potholes and excess weeds.

[0261] When laying the RMG, the surface should be smooth and allow for proper deformation. The direction of RMG transmission should be consistent.

[0262] After laying RMG, it must be anchored to ensure its long-term effectiveness. Various anchoring methods are available, including pier nails, wire, clamps, and double-sided tape. The specific choice should be made based on actual conditions and design requirements. Regardless of the chosen anchoring method, it must be secure and reliable, preventing it from being dislodged by wind or water.

[0263] Step 3: Filling the roadbed with bare soil.

[0264] After the RMG is laid, plain soil is laid on top of it to the bottom of the frozen area of ​​the roadbed, and the surface is cleared and compacted.

[0265] Step 4: Carry out soil improvement construction with antifreeze materials to form a water-binding antifreeze layer.

[0266] Transport the raw soil to the designated location and spread it evenly using an excavator and bulldozer. Use an intelligent powder spreader to spread the powder (i.e., antifreeze material). Next, use a road mixer to mix the antifreeze material and the raw soil on-site. Keep the mixing speed at 5 m / min, mix three times, and add 0.3% of the soil mass to the antifreeze material. Stop mixing when the soil mixture is uniform in color, with no gray streaks, gray clumps, or uneven surfaces.

[0267] After mixing is completed, it is compacted several times to form a water-binding and anti-freeze layer.

[0268] Step 5: Carry out soil improvement with hydrophobic materials to form a hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer.

[0269] Lay plain soil in layers on top of the roadbed, and evenly spray hydrophobic material on each layer (the mass ratio of hydrophobic material to soil is 1:200) to fully mix the soil on the top of the roadbed with the water-binding material, and finally level and compact it.

[0270] Step 6: Laying the pavement structure.

[0271] After the construction of the hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer is completed, the pavement structure is laid on top of it.

[0272] Comparative Example 2

[0273] This comparative example is applicable to low fill roadbeds. It is a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material used for maintaining the long-term service performance of roadbeds in plateau and cold regions. It is made by mixing antifreeze components and solid waste gel materials. The mass ratio of the antifreeze components to the solid waste gel materials is 9:1.

[0274] The antifreeze component is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21.8g acrylic acid, 15.3g CBMA, 10.2g chitosan, 54.3g of a 30% metal salt solution (calcium chloride), 54.3g of an alcohol (ethylene glycol), a crosslinking agent (0.388g of a crosslinking agent N,N methylenebisacrylamide and 1.08g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and an initiator (0.0423g of potassium persulfate).

[0275] The solid waste gel material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 g of slag, 35 g of steel slag, 15 g of desulfurization gypsum, and 5 g of desulfurization ash.

[0276] The method for preparing a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of a roadbed in plateau and cold regions in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0277] 1) Mix the monomers. Add 21.8g acrylic acid, 15.3g lauramidopropyl hydroxysulfonate betaine, and 10.2g chitosan to a wide-mouth beaker. Place the beaker in a low-temperature water bath and mix thoroughly. Use a 1000ml beaker with a water bath temperature below 30°C.

[0278] 2) Add the metal salt / alcohol solution and mix thoroughly. The metal salt solution should have a concentration of 30% by mass and a 1:1 ratio of metal salt to alcohol. Stir magnetically in a water bath for 10 minutes to ensure thorough mixing. The water bath should be at 40°C and equipped with a nitrogen atmosphere, thermometer, magnetic stirring device, and titration funnel.

[0279] 3) Add the crosslinking agent and initiator. Under nitrogen, add 0.0388g of the crosslinking agent N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and 1.08g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate to the mixture prepared in the previous step. Stir magnetically for 10 minutes. Then, disperse the mixture using an ultrasonic material disperser for 30 minutes. Then, add 0.0423g of the initiator potassium persulfate and mechanically stir the mixture using a heat-collecting magnetic stirring device for 10 minutes to thoroughly mix.

[0280] 4) Perform a polymerization reaction to obtain a gel-like product. Place the mixture prepared in the previous step in a water bath at 70°C to allow polymerization to occur, producing a gel-like substance. Filter and wash the mixture several times with a mixture of water and ethanol. When the acrylic acid odor disappears, remove the mixture and freeze it in a refrigerator (-30°C) for 6 hours.

[0281] 5) The gel-like product is dried, ground, and sieved to obtain antifreeze materials of varying particle sizes. The frozen gel-like material is removed, cut, and dried in an oven at 60°C. The material is weighed repeatedly during drying until the mass remains constant. The solid material is removed from the oven and crushed in an airflow ultrafine mill to obtain the antifreeze component of the present invention.

[0282] 6) Mix 40g of slag, 35g of steel slag, 12.5g of desulfurization gypsum, and 5g of desulfurization ash to obtain a solid waste gel material;

[0283] 7) The antifreeze component and the solid waste gel material are mixed evenly to obtain the antifreeze material.

[0284] The construction method of the weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0285] Step 1: Determine the local roadbed freezing depth and the form of the improved layer according to the local climate environment, roadbed structure and roadbed soil frost heave grade, and prepare the functional materials used.

[0286] Functional materials include: the antifreeze material, hydrophobic material and RMG geosynthetics;

[0287] RMG geosynthetics are manufactured using existing technologies (see Lu Yu. Research on the Mechanism and Application of Moisture Control in Low-Fill Roadbed Based on RMG [D]. Shandong University, 2024. DOI: 10.27272 / d.cnki.gshdu.2023.006922). They are divided into a waterproof side and a permeable side. During on-site installation, the waterproof side is placed on top, and the permeable side is placed below. A waterproof membrane is placed between the two sides, and a water-absorbing resin is added between the waterproof membrane and the permeable side.

[0288] The preparation method of the hydrophobic material comprises: stirring and mixing 2% nano-silica, 2% potassium methyl silicate, 2% propyltrimethoxysilane, 0.5% glass fiber and 93.5% water to obtain the hydrophobic material.

[0289] The improved layer includes a hydrophobic anti-seepage layer, a water-binding and anti-freezing layer, and a water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer. The hydrophobic anti-seepage layer uses hydrophobic materials to improve the roadbed soil, the water-binding and anti-freezing layer uses the aforementioned anti-freezing materials to improve the roadbed soil, and the water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer uses RMG geosynthetics.

[0290] The frost heave grade of the subgrade soil is determined according to the table given in the "Highway Subgrade Design Code (JTG D30-2015)".

[0291] Step 2: Clear and compact the foundation, spread and compact the RMG geosynthetics to form a water-proof and moisture-control layer.

[0292] Before the construction of RMG geosynthetics, the construction site must be thoroughly cleaned to ensure that the RMG can be fully deployed and laid. During the cleaning process, it is necessary to ensure that the surface of the site is flat and remove potholes and excess weeds.

[0293] When laying the RMG, the surface should be smooth and allow for proper deformation. The direction of RMG transmission should be consistent.

[0294] After laying RMG, it must be anchored to ensure its long-term effectiveness. Various anchoring methods are available, including pier nails, wire, clamps, and double-sided tape. The specific choice should be made based on actual conditions and design requirements. Regardless of the chosen anchoring method, it must be secure and reliable, preventing it from being dislodged by wind or water.

[0295] Step 3: Filling the roadbed with bare soil.

[0296] After the RMG is laid, plain soil is laid on top of it to the bottom of the frozen area of ​​the roadbed, and the surface is cleared and compacted.

[0297] Step 4: Carry out soil improvement construction with antifreeze materials to form a water-binding antifreeze layer.

[0298] Transport the raw soil to the designated location and spread it evenly using an excavator and bulldozer. Use an intelligent powder spreader to spread the powder (i.e., antifreeze material). Next, use a road mixer to mix the antifreeze material and the raw soil on-site. Keep the mixing speed at 5 m / min, mix three times, and add 0.3% of the soil mass to the antifreeze material. Stop mixing when the soil mixture is uniform in color, with no gray streaks, gray clumps, or uneven surfaces.

[0299] After mixing is completed, it is compacted several times to form a water-binding and anti-freeze layer.

[0300] Step 5: Carry out soil improvement with hydrophobic materials to form a hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer.

[0301] Lay plain soil in layers on top of the roadbed, and evenly spray hydrophobic material on each layer (the mass ratio of hydrophobic material to soil is 1:200) to fully mix the soil on the top of the roadbed with the water-binding material, and finally level and compact it.

[0302] Step 6: Laying the pavement structure.

[0303] After the construction of the hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer is completed, the pavement structure is laid on top of it.

[0304] Comparative Example 3

[0305] This comparative example is applicable to low fill roadbeds. It is a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material used for maintaining the long-term service performance of roadbeds in plateau and cold regions. It is made by mixing antifreeze components and solid waste gel materials. The mass ratio of the antifreeze components to the solid waste gel materials is 9:1.

[0306] The antifreeze component is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21.8g acrylic acid, 15.3g lauramidopropyl hydroxysulfonate betaine, 10.2g chitosan, 54.3g metal salt solution (calcium chloride) with a mass concentration of 30%, 54.3g alcohol (ethylene glycol), a crosslinking agent (0388g crosslinking agent N,N methylenebisacrylamide and 1.08g hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and an initiator (0.0423g potassium persulfate);

[0307] The solid waste gel material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 g of slag, 35 g of steel slag, 15 g of desulfurization gypsum, and 5 g of desulfurization ash.

[0308] The method for preparing a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of a roadbed in plateau and cold regions in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0309] 1) Mix the monomers. Add 21.8g acrylic acid, 15.3g lauramidopropyl hydroxysulfonate betaine, and 10.2g chitosan to a wide-mouth beaker. Place the beaker in a low-temperature water bath and mix thoroughly. Use a 1000ml beaker with a water bath temperature below 30°C.

[0310] 2) Add the metal salt / alcohol solution and mix thoroughly. The metal salt solution should have a concentration of 30% by mass and a 1:1 ratio of metal salt to alcohol. Stir magnetically in a water bath for 10 minutes to ensure thorough mixing. The water bath should be at 40°C and equipped with a nitrogen atmosphere, thermometer, magnetic stirring device, and titration funnel.

[0311] 3) Add the crosslinking agent and initiator. Under nitrogen, add 0.0388g of the crosslinking agent N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and 1.08g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate to the mixture prepared in the previous step. Stir magnetically for 10 minutes. Then, disperse the mixture using an ultrasonic material disperser for 30 minutes. Then, add 0.0423g of the initiator potassium persulfate and mechanically stir the mixture using a heat-collecting magnetic stirring device for 10 minutes to thoroughly mix.

[0312] 4) Perform a polymerization reaction to obtain a gel-like product. Place the mixture prepared in the previous step in a water bath at 70°C to allow polymerization to occur, producing a gel-like substance. Filter and wash the mixture several times with a mixture of water and ethanol. When the acrylic acid odor disappears, remove the mixture and freeze it in a refrigerator (-30°C) for 6 hours.

[0313] 5) The gel-like product is dried, ground, and sieved to obtain antifreeze materials of varying particle sizes. The frozen gel-like material is removed, cut, and dried in an oven at 60°C. The material is weighed repeatedly during drying until the mass remains constant. The solid material is removed from the oven and crushed in an airflow ultrafine mill to obtain the antifreeze component of the present invention.

[0314] 6) Mix 40g of slag, 35g of steel slag, 12.5g of desulfurization gypsum, and 5g of desulfurization ash to obtain a solid waste gel material;

[0315] 7) The antifreeze component and the solid waste gel material are mixed evenly to obtain the antifreeze material.

[0316] The construction method of the weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0317] Step 1: Determine the local roadbed freezing depth and the form of the improved layer according to the local climate environment, roadbed structure and roadbed soil frost heave grade, and prepare the functional materials used.

[0318] Functional materials include: the antifreeze material, hydrophobic material and RMG geosynthetics;

[0319] RMG geosynthetics are manufactured using existing technologies (see Lu Yu. Research on the Mechanism and Application of Moisture Control in Low-Fill Roadbed Based on RMG [D]. Shandong University, 2024. DOI: 10.27272 / d.cnki.gshdu.2023.006922). They are divided into a waterproof side and a permeable side. During on-site installation, the waterproof side is placed on top, and the permeable side is placed below. A waterproof membrane is placed between the two sides, and a water-absorbing resin is added between the waterproof membrane and the permeable side.

[0320] The preparation method of the hydrophobic material comprises: stirring and mixing 2% nano-silica, 2% potassium methyl silicate, 2% propyltrimethoxysilane, 0.5% glass fiber and 93.5% water to obtain the hydrophobic material.

[0321] The improved layer includes a hydrophobic anti-seepage layer, a water-binding and anti-freezing layer, and a water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer. The hydrophobic anti-seepage layer uses hydrophobic materials to improve the roadbed soil, the water-binding and anti-freezing layer uses the aforementioned anti-freezing materials to improve the roadbed soil, and the water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer uses RMG geosynthetics.

[0322] The frost heave grade of the subgrade soil is determined according to the table given in the "Highway Subgrade Design Code (JTG D30-2015)".

[0323] Step 2: Clear and compact the foundation, spread and compact the RMG geosynthetics to form a water-proof and moisture-control layer.

[0324] Before the construction of RMG geosynthetics, the construction site must be thoroughly cleaned to ensure that the RMG can be fully deployed and laid. During the cleaning process, it is necessary to ensure that the surface of the site is flat and remove potholes and excess weeds.

[0325] When laying the RMG, the surface should be smooth and allow for proper deformation. The direction of RMG transmission should be consistent.

[0326] After laying RMG, it must be anchored to ensure its long-term effectiveness. Various anchoring methods are available, including pier nails, wire, clamps, and double-sided tape. The specific choice should be made based on actual conditions and design requirements. Regardless of the chosen anchoring method, it must be secure and reliable, preventing it from being dislodged by wind or water.

[0327] Step 3: Filling the roadbed with bare soil.

[0328] After the RMG is laid, plain soil is laid on top of it to the bottom of the frozen area of ​​the roadbed, and the surface is cleared and compacted.

[0329] Step 4: Carry out soil improvement construction with antifreeze materials to form a water-binding antifreeze layer.

[0330] Transport the raw soil to the designated location and spread it evenly using an excavator and bulldozer. Use an intelligent powder spreader to spread the powder (i.e., antifreeze material). Next, use a road mixer to mix the antifreeze material and the raw soil on-site. Keep the mixing speed at 5 m / min, mix three times, and add 0.3% of the soil mass to the antifreeze material. Stop mixing when the soil mixture is uniform in color, with no gray streaks, gray clumps, or uneven surfaces.

[0331] After mixing is completed, it is compacted several times to form a water-binding and anti-freeze layer.

[0332] Step 5: Carry out soil improvement with hydrophobic materials to form a hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer.

[0333] Lay plain soil in layers on top of the roadbed, and evenly spray hydrophobic material on each layer (the mass ratio of hydrophobic material to soil is 1:200) to fully mix the soil on the top of the roadbed with the water-binding material, and finally level and compact it.

[0334] Step 6: Laying the pavement structure.

[0335] After the construction of the hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer is completed, the pavement structure is laid on top of it.

[0336] Comparative Example 4

[0337] This comparative example is applicable to low fill roadbed and is a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material used for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold areas. The antifreeze material is prepared by the method of Example 11 in patent CN115724609A.

[0338] The construction method of the weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0339] Step 1: Determine the local roadbed freezing depth and the form of the improved layer according to the local climate environment, roadbed structure and roadbed soil frost heave grade, and prepare the functional materials used.

[0340] Functional materials include: the antifreeze material, hydrophobic material and RMG geosynthetics;

[0341] RMG geosynthetics are manufactured using existing technologies (see Lu Yu. Research on the Mechanism and Application of Moisture Control in Low-Fill Roadbed Based on RMG [D]. Shandong University, 2024. DOI: 10.27272 / d.cnki.gshdu.2023.006922). They are divided into a waterproof side and a permeable side. During on-site installation, the waterproof side is placed on top, and the permeable side is placed below. A waterproof membrane is placed between the two sides, and a water-absorbing resin is added between the waterproof membrane and the permeable side.

[0342] The preparation method of the hydrophobic material comprises: stirring and mixing 2% nano-silica, 2% potassium methyl silicate, 2% propyltrimethoxysilane, 0.5% glass fiber and 93.5% water to obtain the hydrophobic material.

[0343] The improved layer includes a hydrophobic anti-seepage layer, a water-binding and anti-freezing layer, and a water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer. The hydrophobic anti-seepage layer uses hydrophobic materials to improve the roadbed soil, the water-binding and anti-freezing layer uses the aforementioned anti-freezing materials to improve the roadbed soil, and the water-insulating and moisture-controlling layer uses RMG geosynthetics.

[0344] The frost heave grade of the subgrade soil is determined according to the table given in the "Highway Subgrade Design Code (JTG D30-2015)".

[0345] Step 2: Clear and compact the foundation, spread and compact the RMG geosynthetics to form a water-proof and moisture-control layer.

[0346] Before the construction of RMG geosynthetics, the construction site must be thoroughly cleaned to ensure that the RMG can be fully deployed and laid. During the cleaning process, it is necessary to ensure that the surface of the site is flat and remove potholes and excess weeds.

[0347] When laying the RMG, the surface should be smooth and allow for proper deformation. The direction of RMG transmission should be consistent.

[0348] After laying RMG, it must be anchored to ensure its long-term effectiveness. Various anchoring methods are available, including pier nails, wire, clamps, and double-sided tape. The specific choice should be made based on actual conditions and design requirements. Regardless of the chosen anchoring method, it must be secure and reliable, preventing it from being dislodged by wind or water.

[0349] Step 3: Filling the roadbed with bare soil.

[0350] After the RMG is laid, plain soil is laid on top of it to the bottom of the frozen area of ​​the roadbed, and the surface is cleared and compacted.

[0351] Step 4: Carry out soil improvement construction with antifreeze materials to form a water-binding antifreeze layer.

[0352] Transport the raw soil to the designated location and spread it evenly using an excavator and bulldozer. Use an intelligent powder spreader to spread the powder (i.e., antifreeze material). Next, use a road mixer to mix the antifreeze material and the raw soil on-site. Keep the mixing speed at 5 m / min, mix three times, and add 0.3% of the soil mass to the antifreeze material. Stop mixing when the soil mixture is uniform in color, with no gray streaks, gray clumps, or uneven surfaces.

[0353] After mixing is completed, it is compacted several times to form a water-binding and anti-freeze layer.

[0354] Step 5: Carry out soil improvement with hydrophobic materials to form a hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer.

[0355] Lay plain soil in layers on top of the roadbed, and evenly spray hydrophobic material on each layer (the mass ratio of hydrophobic material to soil is 1:200) to fully mix the soil on the top of the roadbed with the water-binding material, and finally level and compact it.

[0356] Step 6: Laying the pavement structure.

[0357] After the construction of the hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer is completed, the pavement structure is laid on top of it.

[0358] Based on the freezing temperature test method in T0184-2007 of the "Highway Geotechnical Test Code JTG 3430-2020", a pt100 temperature sensor probe was used to test the freezing temperature. Antifreeze material was mixed into the soil and layered according to the form of the embodiment to make a unit sample and placed in a mold, or the antifreeze material after sufficient water absorption was placed in the mold and placed in a constant temperature box at -50°C. The mold is an acrylic cylinder with a height of 10 cm and a diameter of 5 cm, wrapped with insulation material on all sides and open at the top, thus simulating the unidirectional freezing of actual engineering. The pt100 temperature sensor probe was inserted into the center of the mold and connected to the data collector for temperature acquisition.

[0359] Table 1 Freezing temperature of soil improved with antifreeze materials (dosage 0.3%)

[0360]

[0361] Table 2 Freezing temperature of soil improved with antifreeze material after freeze-thaw cycle (dosage 0.3%) Temperature-time of soil improved with antifreeze material

[0362]

[0363] From the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3, it can be seen that compared with ordinary betaine (C5H 11 NO2), carboxylic acid betaine methyl methacrylate, and N-lauryl-N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl) ammonium sulfobetaine. The antifreeze material prepared with methacryloylethyl sulfobetaine has better antifreeze performance.

[0364] From the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that the antifreeze material prepared by the present invention has better antifreeze performance than the current road antifreeze material.

[0365] After the gel-like product in Example 3 is prepared, a solution replacement step is added. The gel-like product is fully immersed in a salt solution or an alcohol solution using a traditional replacement method. The introduction of salt or alcohol enhances its antifreeze performance. The limitation of the replacement method is that after experiencing freeze-thaw cycles, salt or alcohol will be lost as water migrates, resulting in a decrease in antifreeze performance. As can be seen from Example 3, the roadbed structure of the present invention consists of a three-layer structure consisting of a water-isolating and moisture-controlling layer, a water-binding and antifreeze layer, and a hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer. The frozen area is sealed, effectively reducing the loss of alcohol and ions. After experiencing multiple freeze-thaw cycles, the antifreeze performance is still good.

[0366] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in high-altitude and cold areas, characterized by: It is formed by mixing antifreeze components and solid waste gel materials, wherein the mass ratio of the antifreeze components to the solid waste gel materials is 9:1-1.5; The antifreeze component is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21.8 parts of acrylic acid, 15.3 parts to 23.5 parts of betaine-type zwitterionic compounds, 10.2 parts to 20.1 parts of chitosan, 54.3 parts to 60 parts of a metal salt solution with a mass concentration of 25% to 30%, 54.3 parts to 60 parts of alcohol, 1.1188 parts to 4.3632 parts of a cross-linking agent, and 0.0864 parts of an initiator; The betaine type zwitterionic compound is methacryloylethyl sulfobetaine; The solid waste gel material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-45 parts of slag, 35-40 parts of steel slag, 12.5-15 parts of desulfurization gypsum, and 5-7.5 parts of desulfurization ash.

2. The weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal salt is calcium chloride, sodium chloride, aluminum chloride or lithium chloride.

3. The weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alcohol is ethylene glycol or glycerol.

4. The weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-linking agent is N,N methylene bisacrylamide and hydroxyethyl methacrylate.

5. The weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the N,N-methylenebisacrylamide to hydroxyethyl methacrylate is 0.0388-0.0432:1.08-4.

32.

6. The weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initiator is potassium persulfate.

7. The weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the slag is 200 mesh to 400 mesh.

8. The weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the steel slag is 100 mesh to 300 mesh.

9. The weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the desulfurized gypsum is 300-400 meshes.

10. The weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the desulfurized ash is 300-400 mesh.

11. A method for preparing a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of a roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising: mixing acrylic acid, a betaine type zwitterionic compound and chitosan to obtain a mixed monomer; mixing the metal salt and the alcohol uniformly to obtain a metal salt / alcohol two-phase solution; The mixed monomer is mixed evenly with the metal salt / alcohol two-phase solution, and under the protection of an inert atmosphere, a cross-linking agent and an initiator are added, mixed evenly, and a polymerization reaction is carried out to obtain a gel-state substance; Freezing, drying, crushing, and sieving the gel-state substance to obtain an antifreeze component; Mixing slag, steel slag, desulfurization gypsum and desulfurization ash evenly to obtain a solid waste gel material; The antifreeze component is mixed evenly with the solid waste gel material to obtain the product.

12. The method for preparing a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to claim 11, characterized in that: The acrylic acid, the betaine type zwitterionic compound and chitosan are mixed in a water bath.

13. The method for preparing a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to claim 11, characterized in that: The metal salt and alcohol are mixed under water bath conditions.

14. The method for preparing a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to claim 11, characterized in that: The drying temperature is 60°C-65°C.

15. A construction method for a weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of a roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: include: Spread and compact the RMG geosynthetics to form a water-proof and moisture-control layer; Laying soil material on the upper part of the water-proof and moisture-controlling layer to the bottom of the frozen area of ​​the roadbed, and clearing and compacting the surface to obtain the soil roadbed; The soil material is mixed evenly with the antifreeze material according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the amount of the antifreeze material is 0.3% to 0.5% of the mass of the soil, to obtain antifreeze material improved soil; Laying the antifreeze material improved soil on the soil roadbed and compacting it to obtain a water-binding antifreeze layer; The soil material is laid in layers on the top of the water-binding and antifreeze layer, and each layer is sprayed with a hydrophobic material and compacted to form a hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer.

16. The construction method of the weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to claim 15, characterized in that: The antifreeze material and soil material are mixed by adopting a road mixing method.

17. The construction method of the weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to claim 15, characterized in that: The thickness of the hydrophobic and anti-seepage layer is 20±1 cm.

18. The construction method of the weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to claim 15, characterized in that: The thickness of the water-binding antifreeze layer is the same as the distance from the bottom of the hydrophobic anti-seepage layer to the maximum freezing depth.

19. The construction method of the weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to claim 15, characterized in that: The soil roadbed is prepared by the following method: spraying hydrophobic material on the soil as edge soil, first spreading the edge soil on the upper part of the water-isolating and moisture-controlling layer, then spreading the soil, and compacting to obtain the roadbed.

20. The construction method of the weather-resistant active moisture control and antifreeze material for maintaining long-term service performance of roadbed in plateau and cold regions according to claim 19, characterized in that: The thickness of the edging soil layer is 1~3 meters.

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