A 10KV transformer carbon metering method and carbon metering terminal

Abstract

The present invention provides a 10KV transformer carbon metering method and a carbon metering terminal, which relates to the field of carbon emission supply chain management of power systems, including: designing a cloud-fog-edge-end architecture system; using the end to complete real-time monitoring of transformer energy consumption and environmental parameters; using the cloud, using an optimized AHP subjective weighting and objective weighting combined algorithm to measure the carbon emissions of the transformer; in the fog and edge of the cloud-fog-edge-end architecture system, the subjective evaluation and objective evaluation of the transformer are obtained through a lightweight model to obtain the management weight, transaction weight, and governance weight of the carbon emissions of transformers from different manufacturers; combining the real-time carbon emission values ​​collected by the end, using AI edge computing, obtaining the transformer carbon emission management strategy, transaction strategy, and governance strategy, and sending them to the cloud. The present invention can refine the functions of different types of carbon metering terminals, and develop carbon metering terminals suitable for the power generation side, the transmission and distribution side, and the power consumption side.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of carbon emission supply chain management of power systems, and in particular to a 10KV transformer carbon metering method and a carbon metering terminal. Background Art

[0002] In the current distribution network, electricity is transformed through different levels of transformers + cables to complete the energy changes of power generation / transmission / distribution / consumption, and then reaches the load side for consumption. Carbon emission quantification is currently a method to identify carbon emission sources and determine the low-carbonization path and low-carbon technology of various industries.

[0003] The loss of transformers in operation accounts for about 40% of the power loss of the transmission and distribution network, which has a large room for carbon emission reduction; as a node for power transmission / transformation / distribution / use, the life cycle of transformers includes: production, operation, retirement and other processes. During the operation of transformers, carbon emissions are mainly reflected in three aspects: first, the loss caused by transformer operation, mainly the loss of transformer no-load; second, the leakage of equipment insulation medium using non-environmentally friendly materials, mainly mineral oil, SF6, etc.; third, the natural aging of some solid insulation materials during equipment operation, such as insulation paper, insulation board, etc. As 10KV transformers directly facing users and accounting for more than 80%, there is no online carbon emission monitoring data.

[0004] The research on carbon footprint of existing distribution network carbon emission calculation methods mainly includes the following four methods: material balance method, carbon flow analysis method, carbon emission factor method and actual measurement method.

[0005] 1. The material balance method calculates carbon emissions based on the fossil energy and materials consumed in transformer production. It is the simplest and most direct method, but it requires long-term consumption statistics as data support. It is difficult to achieve detailed analysis of carbon emissions in the production process of the power system, and it is impossible to clarify the temporal and spatial transfer mechanism of carbon emissions in the power system, that is, the changes in the energy efficiency of the transformer with different loads, that is, the carbon emissions of the transformer are fluctuating. This method cannot obtain the temporal and spatial fluctuations of the transformer's carbon emissions.

[0006] 2. The carbon flow analysis method is based on the flow calculation. The "carbon attribute" is coupled during the flow calculation. The branch carbon flow rate and network loss carbon flow rate data of different branches in the power system at different time periods are expressed by branch carbon flow rate and network loss carbon flow rate respectively; branch carbon flow rate is the indirect carbon emissions flowing through the branch with the flow per unit time; network loss carbon flow rate represents the indirect carbon emissions attached to the flow network loss per unit time; carbon flow density reflects the carbon content in the branch flow. It fully reflects the time and space transfer of electricity in the process of power generation, transformation, transmission and distribution, and can transfer and share carbon emission responsibilities and meet the principle of time and space differences. However, if the information between regional power grids cannot be shared in real time, the carbon flow rate of electric energy flowing through the exchange line gateway between regional power grids cannot be obtained.

[0007] 3. The carbon emission factor method is the most widely used CO2 emission accounting method. The basic formula is "CO2 emissions = activity level data × carbon emission factor". The accuracy of carbon emission accounting depends on the accuracy of the carbon emission factor. For example, power plants calculate carbon emissions based on fuel consumption and corresponding fuel emission factors.

[0008] 4. Actual measurement method: directly measure the carbon emission concentration, flow rate, flow rate and other data of the emission source through metering facilities to obtain the carbon emission of the emission source. However, this method is mainly aimed at the power generation side in the power system.

[0009] In summary, the prior art has the following technical problems:

[0010] 1. Existing electricity meters only add extended energy supply of carbon monitoring sensors and cannot be used for carbon measurement.

[0011] 2. If the existing transformers do not have a gateway meter, the carbon data metering equipment cannot be used as a gateway for carbon data calculation and transmission.

[0012] 3. Transformers are nodes in the power grid, and their entire life cycle probably includes design, production, operation, and retirement stages. In the design, production, and retirement stages, once the manufacturer determines, its carbon footprint can basically be determined to be a static value, and its carbon emissions can be evaluated using the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology's green factory evaluation and the National Development and Reform Commission's energy efficiency level evaluation. However, during the operation stage, transformers generally do not operate at rated load for a long time, and their load loss decreases approximately in proportion to the square of the current as the load current decreases, and the no-load loss remains unchanged. How to measure carbon emissions that change with load in real time.

[0013] Therefore, it is urgent to design a carbon metering system for carbon emission trading settlement, which is easy to measure, can optimize the energy efficiency of 10KV transformers, consider the integration of future carbon monitoring and metering systems into the Internet of Things ecosystem, draw on the IR46 standard, and use electric energy meters for electricity metering and carbon metering. At the same time, it is urgent to refine the functions of different types of carbon metering terminals in combination with the needs of different links of power generation, transmission, distribution and power consumption, and develop carbon metering terminals suitable for different links respectively. Summary of the invention

[0014] In order to solve the problems that the existing transformer carbon metering equipment has high development cost, is difficult to upgrade, the calculation speed of the centralized carbon monitoring system is slow, the access control technology is not suitable for carbon data sharing, and it is difficult to ensure the real-time nature of carbon data, the present invention provides a 10KV transformer carbon metering method and a carbon metering terminal, constructs a real-time monitoring system with a cloud-fog-edge-end architecture, and realizes a carbon accounting method for the entire life cycle of transformer equipment; adopts an optimized AHP subjective weighting and objective weighting combination algorithm to realize the path design of carbon asset management and the carbon accounting method of carbon asset trading.

[0015] The present invention can be used for trade settlement needs, involves information interaction and security protection solutions, comprehensively considers the needs of type, function, index, etc., forms a general method for carbon metering, and combines the different needs of the power generation side, the transmission and distribution side, and the power consumption side to refine the functions of different types of carbon metering terminals, and develops carbon metering terminals suitable for the power generation side, the transmission and distribution side, and the power consumption side respectively.

[0016] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0017] A 10KV transformer carbon metering method comprises the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: Design a cloud-fog-edge-end architecture system;

[0019] Step 2: Use the terminal to complete real-time monitoring of 10KV transformer energy consumption and environmental parameters;

[0020] Step 3. Use the cloud to measure the carbon emissions of 10KV transformers by combining the AHP subjective weighting and objective weighting algorithms. In the fog and edge of the cloud-fog-edge-end architecture system, the subjective and objective evaluation models of the 10KV transformer are lightweight to obtain the management weights, trading weights, and governance weights of carbon emissions from transformers from different manufacturers. Combined with the real-time carbon emission values ​​collected at the end, AI edge computing is used to obtain the carbon emission management strategy, trading strategy, and governance strategy for the 10KV transformer and send them to the cloud.

[0021] The present invention also provides a carbon metering terminal for 10KV transformer carbon metering, a carbon metering terminal for 10KV transformer carbon metering, characterized in that it includes a metering module, a management module and a communication extension module; the metering module is used to collect 10KV transformer energy consumption and environmental carbon data; the management module is used to manage and set the sampling frequency of the metering module and the collected data, and manage the communication extension module and the data exchange between multiple metering modules and communication extension modules; the communication extension module is used to communicate with the edge or fog in the cloud-fog-edge-end architecture system; the metering module is connected to the management module and an external communication extension module through a parallel or serial interface communication line for transmitting instructions and data; the management module and the communication extension module are connected through a serial bus; the power module in the metering module is responsible for supplying power to the metering module, the management module and the communication extension module.

[0022] Beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The carbon metering method in the present invention conducts energy consumption monitoring and environmental monitoring on transformer power equipment within the jurisdiction, obtains the carbon metering value of the equipment, and sets up a cloud-edge-fog-end carbon monitoring system, which is easy to form carbon data assets and facilitate the realization of carbon accounting for the entire life cycle of power equipment;

[0024] 2. The present invention adopts an optimized AHP (hierarchy analysis process) subjective weighting and objective weighting combination algorithm to facilitate users to monitor the carbon emission status of in-service equipment, serve as a reference for carbon emission reputation in equipment bidding to guide carbon governance, and facilitate real-time carbon trading.

[0025] 3. The carbon metering terminal of the present invention can monitor the carbon emissions of equipment by adding a management module and a communication expansion module on the basis of the original electric energy meter. It can cooperate with the smartphone application of the on-site installer to upload the carbon meter ID, longitude and latitude, equipment power consumption data, weather data, etc. to the cloud, and conveniently predict carbon emission-related parameters through a large model.

[0026] 4. The present invention is easy to implement and popularize, and has good economic value and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cloud-fog-edge-end architecture system;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon measurement terminal;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the metering module;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the management module;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the communication expansion module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0033] The 10KV transformer carbon metering method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0034] Step 1: Design a cloud-fog-edge-end architecture system;

[0035] Step 2: The utilization end completes real-time monitoring of transformer energy consumption and environmental parameters;

[0036] Step 3. Use the cloud to measure the carbon emissions of 10KV transformers by combining the AHP subjective weighting and objective weighting algorithms. In the fog and edge of the cloud-fog-edge-end architecture system, the subjective and objective evaluation models of the 10KV transformer are lightweight to obtain the management weights, trading weights, and governance weights of carbon emissions from transformers from different manufacturers. Combined with the real-time carbon emission values ​​collected at the end, AI edge computing is used to obtain the carbon emission management strategy, trading strategy, and governance strategy for the 10KV transformer and send them to the cloud.

[0037] Among them, model lightweighting and AI edge computing are both existing technologies and will not be described in detail.

[0038] Preferably, Figure 1 As shown, in step 1, the cloud-fog-edge-end architecture system is a real-time monitoring system using a cloud-fog-edge-end architecture, including:

[0039] Cloud is the information network platform layer of carbon accounting, which is used for real-time monitoring and provides the highest level of human-machine interface for carbon governance decision makers. It is composed of server clusters, network equipment clusters, and storage equipment clusters. The server cluster includes carbon accounting servers and carbon accounting cloud servers, which are equipped with virtual network nodes and connected to energy market servers through information networks to obtain electricity carbon market information, generate market transactions or provide auxiliary transaction tools; the carbon accounting cloud server is connected to green manufacturing system certification data servers, energy efficiency and water efficiency certification data servers, environmental credit evaluation, pollution discharge permits, clean production audit and other data servers, product certification (mandatory) data and product certification (voluntary) data servers through information networks to obtain data as the basis for carbon emission accounting of 10KV transformers in the design, production, procurement, construction, operation, maintenance and decommissioning links, and the real-time energy consumption data and environmental monitoring points collected by the 10KV transformer carbon metering terminal are used as carbon emission accounting data in the operation stage. The AHP algorithm is used to calculate the carbon emissions of 10KV transformers in the jurisdiction.

[0040] Fog makes network delay no longer a problem, and can make the best decision for regional carbon accounting transactions in a more timely manner, improve processing efficiency, reduce cloud load, and provide local servers for the retail energy market to calculate regional energy production and consumption and provide long-term data forecasting services; multiple fog servers are connected to the cloud through information networks to provide relevant data to the cloud;

[0041] The edge is composed of servers that collect local data and perform optimization decision-making calculations. It can send relevant instructions to the end to quickly complete local carbon data collection and calculation, and can also filter some data and upload it to the cloud data center through the information network.

[0042] Fog and edge are equivalent to regional calculation layers.

[0043] The terminal is the information network perception execution layer and is a carbon metering terminal used to store and calculate the carbon emission data and control instructions of 10KV transformers in different load states.

[0044] The above-mentioned cloud-fog-edge-end architecture system realizes real-time monitoring of carbon accounting throughout the life cycle of transformer equipment.

[0045] Preferably, step 3 comprises:

[0046] Step 3.1: Use domestic and foreign carbon certificates obtained by transformer manufacturers as objective indicators for evaluating equipment and rank transformer carbon emissions; domestic and foreign carbon certificates obtained by transformer manufacturers are public information.

[0047] Step 3.2 adopts the AHP subjective weighting and objective weighting combination algorithm, with regional transformer equipment managers, carbon traders, carbon governance personnel, etc. as experts, to subjectively evaluate the carbon emission data of transformers from different manufacturers in the region, obtain lightweight calculation strategies for models in the fog and edge, and obtain carbon accounting data in the cloud, which can be used as the basis for transformer purchasing agencies, as well as as the basis for energy management systems or carbon trading platforms.

[0048] Preferably, since carbon governance is a process of optimizing carbon accounting methods, in addition to the hardware system, a reasonable carbon accounting method is also required. Specifically, the carbon accounting method is:

[0049] ;

[0050] in, is carbon emissions, in units of , is the average carbon emission factor of the power grid, in units of , is the real-time power consumption, in units of .

[0051] The present invention can be applied in the transformer procurement process. In order to purchase the best products with low carbon, green, safe, efficient and cost, the carbon accounting of transformer equipment enterprises and equipment used in the carbon accounting area is evaluated. Since the carbon emissions of the equipment have not been monitored in the equipment procurement process, the evaluation of the evaluation agency is needed as a reference for the carbon emissions of the purchased equipment.

[0052] The present invention can also assist in maximizing the revenue target of carbon asset trading, and can make carbon trading decisions based on the real-time carbon emissions of local equipment. The present invention can also be used in carbon reduction and greening carbon governance work.

[0053] Preferably, in step 3.2, in addition to using the collected data from various evaluation agencies related to carbon reduction and greening (evaluation agencies are well known in the art and will not be described in detail here) as the data basis for carbon accounting, the present invention also evaluates equipment carbon emissions based on the previous usage experience of equipment users (transformer equipment managers, carbon traders, and carbon managers), adopts an AHP subjective weighting and objective weighting combination algorithm, and real-time carbon accounting monitoring data, and uses AI edge computing in the fog and edge to obtain transformer carbon emission management strategies, trading strategies, and governance strategies, and send them to the cloud.

[0054] Specifically, in the cloud:

[0055] ;

[0056] in, It is the real-time power cycle of the device, in units of , It is the strategic factor obtained through the AHP algorithm.

[0057] The real-time power loss of the transformer is calculated by the following formula:

[0058] ;

[0059] in, is the real-time power loss of the transformer, in units of , is the transformer output power, in units of , is the transformer input current, in units of .

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, the carbon metering terminal of the present invention includes a metering module with RN2026 or RN2025 as the core, which is used for transformer energy consumption data collection and environmental carbon data collection; a management module with SCM402 as the core, which is used to manage and set the sampling frequency of the metering module and the collected data, and manage the communication extension module, as well as the data exchange between multiple metering modules and communication extension modules, and support software upgrades; a communication extension module is used to communicate with the edge or fog in the carbon metering or verification system. The metering module is connected to the management module and the external communication extension module through a parallel (or serial) interface communication line for transmitting instructions and data. The management module and the communication extension module are connected through a serial bus. The power module in the metering module is responsible for supplying power to the metering module, the management module, and the communication extension module. These modules can be used alone or in combination. The functions of the communication extension module (equivalent to the Internet of Things communication module) include field bus to Internet of Things, Internet of Things to edge AI (i.e., AI edge computing), etc.

[0061] Preferably, Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the metering module consists of a core metering MCU, a data sampling unit, and a power module. It has the functions of current, voltage and environmental parameter sampling, metering, storage, energy consumption and carbon data calculation, and also provides external power supply VCC and serial port communication.

[0062] The data sampling unit is mainly used to collect the voltage, current, and environmental parameters of the transformer bus terminal, as well as the voltage, current, and environmental parameters of the transformer outlet terminal. The voltage and current can be sampled by using the current transformer sampling device CT (current transformer) and the voltage divider network device PT (voltage transformer) to complete the analog quantity sampling, and then enter the ADC conversion of the metering MCU to obtain the current and voltage digital signals. The environmental parameters are sampled by greenhouse gas sensors and magnetic sensors, and the sampled digital signals are transmitted to the metering MCU through the connection.

[0063] The metering MCU adopts a single-phase metering SOC chip RN2025 or a three-phase metering SOC chip RN2026 / RN7376 with high integration, wide voltage, high precision, high reliability and low energy consumption, and is synchronously connected with the battery, clock, memory, ESAM (embedded security control module), and the pulse signal emitted by the metering MCU and the input and output serial port / SPI. The data collected by the data sampling unit is digitally filtered, and the electric carbon loss value is calculated in the metering MCU. The calculated electric carbon loss value and the carbon metering terminal ID are transmitted to the management module and the external communication expansion module through the serial interface (or serial device interface SPI) of the metering MCU.

[0064] The power module converts the AC 220V power supply into a DC power supply VCC of 24V, 12V, and 5V for powering each module. The metering module is connected to the serial device interface SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface).

[0065] Preferably, Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, the management module is composed of a core management MCU, a storage unit, a human-machine interface and a communication interface, and has functions such as management data transmission direction, upload and download, setting acquisition frequency, calculation method, integration, storage, software upgrade, communication protocol change, etc. The storage unit is preferably a FLASH memory.

[0066] The management MCU adopts the embedded system SCM402FB chip, which is connected with the storage unit (FLASH memory), the human-machine interface (consisting of buttons and LCD display for on-site settings and display results), and the communication interface.

[0067] The communication interface has three external connections: the first is to connect to the metering module through SPI / serial port to form communication between the metering module and the management module; the second is to connect to the communication extension module through SPI / serial port to form communication between the management module and the communication extension module; the third is to provide a wireless communication interface, such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, Ethernet communication, etc., to form wireless communication with the on-site installation APP and the meter reading APP. The on-site installation APP can collect the longitude and latitude of the carbon metering terminal installation site, and transmit it to the management module of the carbon metering terminal through wireless communication, store the carbon metering terminal positioning information through the management module, and transmit it to the metering module. The meter reading APP can obtain the carbon value of the carbon metering terminal and the carbon emission ID, location and other information through wireless communication.

[0068] Preferably, Figure 5 As shown, the communication extension module is used to realize IoT communication, and reliably and securely transmit information such as carbon emission data to the cloud channel conversion and confidentiality inspection module. It is composed of protocol channel modules for transmitting different protocols (including the 1st protocol channel...the Nth protocol channel), information encryption and decryption operator modules and communication management MCU, completing the communication extension function and the smart gateway function. The protocol channel module has an IoT port.

[0069] To illustrate the structure of the transformer carbon metering terminal, it is described in code form as follows:

[0070] Object property and method definition of transformer carbon metering terminal instance:

[0071] Attribute (carbon measurement parameter) ∷=structure

[0072] {

[0073] Branch parameters of the inflow node: ∷=array

[0074] {

[0075] Object properties of a branch: ∷=structure

[0076] {

[0077] The branch power flowing into the node float64,

[0078] Carbon emission factor of the branch flowing into the node float64

[0079] }

[0080] }

[0081] Number of branches flowing into the node double-long-unsigned

[0082] Sulfur hexafluoride emissions from branch L float64

[0083] Branch power parameters outflowing from the node: ∷=array

[0084] {

[0085] Branch power outflowing from the node float64

[0086] }

[0087] The number of gateway tables of the outflow node double-long-unsigned

[0088] }

[0089] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A 10KV transformer carbon metering method, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Design a cloud-fog-edge-end architecture system; the cloud is the information network platform layer of carbon accounting, providing a human-computer interface for carbon accounting, and is composed of a server cluster, a network device cluster, and a storage device cluster; the server cluster includes a carbon accounting server and a carbon accounting cloud server; The carbon accounting server sets up a virtual network node, connects to the energy market server through the information network, obtains electricity carbon market information, generates market transactions or provides auxiliary transaction tools; The carbon accounting cloud server is connected to the green manufacturing system certification data server, energy efficiency and water efficiency certification data server, environmental credit evaluation, pollution discharge permit, clean production audit data server, product certification data and voluntary product certification data server through the information network to obtain data as the basis for carbon emission accounting of 10KV transformers in the design, production, procurement, construction, operation, maintenance and decommissioning stages. The real-time energy consumption data and environmental monitoring points collected at the end of the 10KV transformer are used as carbon emission accounting data in the operation stage. Fog is used to make the best decision for carbon accounting transactions in the region. It is a local server that provides the retail energy market with the calculation of energy production and consumption in the region and long-term data forecasting services. Fog includes multiple servers, which are connected to the cloud through an information network to provide data for the cloud. The edge is composed of servers that collect local data and perform optimization and decision-making calculations. It sends instructions to the end to quickly complete the collection and calculation of local carbon data, and screen the data and upload it to the cloud data center through the information network; The end is the information network perception execution layer, which serves as a carbon metering terminal and is used to store and calculate the carbon emission data and control instructions of the 10KV transformer under different load states; Step 2: Use the terminal to complete real-time monitoring of 10KV transformer energy consumption and environmental parameters; Step 3: Use the cloud to measure the carbon emissions of 10KV transformers by combining the AHP subjective weighting and objective weighting algorithms. Use lightweight models for the subjective and objective evaluations of 10KV transformers in the fog and edge of the cloud-fog-edge-end architecture system to obtain the management weights, transaction weights, and governance weights of carbon emissions from transformers from different manufacturers. Combined with the real-time carbon emission values ​​collected by the end, AI edge computing is used to obtain the 10KV transformer carbon emission management strategy, trading strategy, and governance strategy, which are sent to the cloud, including: Step 3.1 Use the domestic and foreign carbon certificates obtained by 10KV transformer manufacturers as objective indicators to rank the carbon emissions of 10KV transformers; Step 3.2 adopts the AHP subjective weighting and objective weighting combination algorithm, with regional transformer equipment managers, carbon traders, and carbon governance personnel as experts, to subjectively evaluate the carbon emission data of 10KV transformers from different manufacturers in the region, obtain lightweight model calculation strategies in the fog and edge, and obtain carbon accounting data in the cloud as the basis for transformer purchasing agencies or as the basis for energy management systems or carbon trading platforms.

2. A 10KV transformer carbon metering method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for obtaining carbon accounting data in the cloud is: ； in, is carbon emissions, in units of ton, is the average carbon emission factor of the power grid, in units of , is the real-time power consumption, in units of , t represents time.

3. A 10KV transformer carbon metering method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3.2, the cloud uses: ； in, is carbon emissions, in units of ton, It is the real-time power cycle of the device, in units of , It is a strategic factor obtained by combining the AHP subjective weighting and objective weighting algorithm; is the average carbon emission factor of the power grid, in units of ; The real-time power loss of the transformer is calculated by the following formula: ； in, is the real-time power loss of the transformer, in units of , is the transformer output power, in units of , is the transformer input current, in units of , t represents time.

4. A carbon metering terminal for carbon metering of a 10KV transformer, characterized in that: It includes a metering module, a management module and a communication extension module; the metering module is used to collect 10KV transformer energy consumption and environmental carbon data; the management module is used to manage and set the sampling frequency and collected data of the metering module, and manage the communication extension module and the data exchange between multiple metering modules and communication extension modules; The communication extension module is used to communicate with the edge or fog in the cloud-fog-edge-end architecture system; The metering module is connected to the management module and the external communication expansion module through a parallel or serial interface communication line for transmitting instructions and data; The management module and the communication extension module are connected via a serial bus; The power module in the metering module is responsible for supplying power to the metering module, management module, and communication expansion module; The cloud is the information network platform layer of carbon accounting, providing the human-machine interface of carbon accounting, and is composed of a server cluster, a network device cluster, and a storage device cluster; the server cluster includes a carbon accounting server and a carbon accounting cloud server; The carbon accounting server sets up a virtual network node, connects to the energy market server through the information network, obtains electricity carbon market information, generates market transactions or provides auxiliary transaction tools; The carbon accounting cloud server is connected to the green manufacturing system certification data server, energy efficiency and water efficiency certification data server, environmental credit evaluation, pollution discharge permit, clean production audit data server, product certification data and voluntary product certification data server through the information network to obtain data as the basis for carbon emission accounting of 10KV transformers in the design, production, procurement, construction, operation, maintenance and decommissioning stages. The real-time energy consumption data and environmental monitoring points collected at the end of the 10KV transformer are used as carbon emission accounting data in the operation stage. Fog is used to make the best decision for carbon accounting transactions in the region. It is a local server that provides the retail energy market with the calculation of energy production and consumption in the region and long-term data forecasting services. Fog includes multiple servers, which are connected to the cloud through an information network to provide data for the cloud. The edge is composed of servers that collect local data and perform optimization and decision-making calculations. It sends instructions to the end to quickly complete the collection and calculation of local carbon data, and screen the data and upload it to the cloud data center through the information network; The end is the information network perception execution layer. As a carbon metering terminal, it is used to store and calculate the carbon emission data and control instructions of the 10KV transformer under different load states.

5. A carbon metering terminal for carbon metering of a 10KV transformer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The metering module includes a metering MCU, a data sampling unit, and a power supply module, which realizes the sampling, metering, storage, energy consumption and carbon data calculation of current, voltage and environmental parameters, and provides power supply and serial port communication to the outside. The data sampling unit collects the voltage, current and environmental parameters of the bus terminal of the 10KV transformer, and collects the voltage, current and environmental parameters of the outlet terminal of the 10KV transformer. The collected digital signals are transmitted to the metering MCU through the connection. The metering MCU is connected to the battery, clock, memory, embedded security control module, and pulse signal, and digitally filters the data collected by the data sampling unit. The electric carbon loss value and carbon metering terminal ID calculated by the metering MCU are transmitted to the management module and the external communication extension module; the management module includes a management MCU, a storage unit, a human-machine interface, and a communication interface; the communication extension module is used to realize Internet of Things communication.

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