A multi-spherical-cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing and its design method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of bridge engineering technology, and in particular to a multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing and a design method thereof, wherein the bearing comprises: an upper bearing plate, a lower bearing plate and at least two spherical crown lining plates; a first concave surface and a second concave surface are formed on the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate respectively, and each spherical crown lining plate is slidably arranged between the corresponding first concave surface and the second concave surface; a first convex surface and a second convex surface are formed on the two side surfaces of the spherical crown lining plate respectively with an upper wear-resistant layer and a lower wear-resistant layer attached thereto, and the upper wear-resistant layer and the lower wear-resistant layer are both made of sliding material, and are respectively in contact with the corresponding first concave surface and the second concave surface to form a friction effect; the multi-spherical crown lining plate arrangement can facilitate individual replacement and maintenance when the sliding material is worn, thereby reducing the complexity of the operation, and at the same time providing a design method for the bearing, thereby ensuring the working performance during actual use, ensuring the safety of use, and also having a positive impact on social and economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of bridge engineering, and in particular to a multi-spherical-cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing and a design method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The bridge bearing is the connection point between the upper and lower structures of the bridge. It is installed between the upper structure of the bridge and the piers. It can safely transfer the load of the upper structure of the bridge to the piers below. At the same time, relying on the sliding and rotation of its own friction pairs, the upper structure of the bridge can form mutual movement and rotation with the piers under the influence of factors such as load, temperature changes, and concrete shrinkage, so that the force of the bridge structure meets the use requirements and protects components such as beam ends and pier caps from damage. It is an important link connecting the upper and lower structures of the bridge.

[0003] The friction pendulum spherical bearing is an innovative vibration reduction device used in bridges and other structural engineering projects. Its design combines the flexibility of the spherical bearing and the energy dissipation mechanism of the friction pendulum, and can adapt to the free rotation and horizontal displacement of the bridge in multiple directions. When encountering external loads such as earthquakes or strong winds, the structure vibrates. As the vibration continues, the ball can be repeatedly centered using the pendulum principle, converting the energy of the structural vibration into heat energy dissipation, reducing the energy transferred to the main structure and protecting the bridge from damage. When the vibration weakens or stops, due to the effects of gravity and preload, the ball can automatically return to a position close to the initial position, that is, it has good self-reset performance, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the bridge.

[0004] At present, most friction pendulum bearings are of single spherical crown structure, that is, only one spherical crown lining is arranged in the center of the bearing. Its size will increase with the increase of the bearing capacity required by the bridge, which requires not only large-scale processing equipment but also difficulty in controlling the forming accuracy during the factory production process, resulting in poor overall assembly accuracy of the bearing. In addition, only one stainless steel slide plate is arranged on the top plate of the large bearing, and the area is large, so it cannot be formed in one time. It needs to be split into multiple sheets with holes and welded in the upper top plate. As a result, under high load sliding, the stainless steel plate is prone to desoldering and bulging, and eventually damaged. When the sliding material is worn, due to the thick thickness and heavy weight of the single spherical crown, the upper bearing plate needs to be lifted to a higher height, and mechanical equipment is used to push out the spherical crown lining and replace the sliding material on the surface. This is not only costly, but also complex and difficult to operate.

[0005] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to deepen the understanding of the overall background technology of the present invention, and should not be regarded as acknowledging or suggesting in any form that the information constitutes the prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to provide a multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing, which can be easily replaced and maintained when the sliding material is worn, thereby reducing the complexity and difficulty of the operation; at the same time, to provide a design method for a multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing, thereby ensuring the working performance of the formed multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing during actual use, and ensuring the safety of use.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing, comprising an upper bearing plate, a lower bearing plate and a spherical cap lining plate;

[0008] The upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate are respectively arranged on the bridge and the pier, and the number of the spherical cap lining plates is at least two and evenly distributed between the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate;

[0009] The upper support plate and the lower support plate respectively form a first concave surface and a second concave surface which are arranged in pairs with the spherical crown lining plate, and each of the spherical crown lining plates is respectively slidably arranged between the corresponding first concave surface and the second concave surface;

[0010] The two side surfaces of the spherical crown lining respectively form a first convex surface corresponding to the first concave surface and a second convex surface corresponding to the second concave surface. An upper wear-resistant layer and a lower wear-resistant layer are respectively attached to the first convex surface and the second convex surface. The upper wear-resistant layer and the lower wear-resistant layer respectively abut against the corresponding first concave surface and the second concave surface to form a friction effect.

[0011] Furthermore, the circumferential diameter of the first concave surface is larger than the circumferential diameter of the first convex surface, the circumferential diameter of the second concave surface is smaller than the circumferential diameter of the second convex surface, and the curvature of the first concave surface is smaller than the curvature of the second concave surface.

[0012] Furthermore, a groove is provided on the first convex surface, and one side of the upper wear-resistant layer is embedded in the groove.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes multiple groups of symmetrically arranged fixing components, each group of the fixing components includes an upper fixing block, a lower fixing block, a connecting rod and two fasteners, the upper fixing block is arranged on the side of the upper support plate, and one side of the upper fixing block is provided with a first opening along the horizontal direction, the lower fixing plate is arranged on the side of the lower support plate, and one side of the lower fixing block is provided with a second opening along the longitudinal direction, the outer axial surface of the connecting rod is provided with a threaded structure, and both ends are respectively arranged in the first opening and the second opening, and are connected to the upper fixing block and the lower fixing block through the two fasteners.

[0014] The present invention also provides a design method for a multi-spherical-cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing, which is used to form the multi-spherical-cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Determining usage requirement parameters, and determining design parameters of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to the usage requirement parameters to form an initial design parameter group;

[0016] A mechanical model corresponding to the multi-spherical-cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is established according to the initial design parameter group, a simulation test is performed on the working performance of the multi-spherical-cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing under different working conditions, and test parameters are obtained;

[0017] According to the test parameters, the working performance of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is evaluated, and the safety factor corresponding to each performance index and the performance score corresponding to the working performance are determined;

[0018] Updating the initial design parameter group according to the safety factor to form an updated design parameter group;

[0019] Repeat the above simulation test and obtain the safety factor and performance score corresponding to the updated design parameter group, until the performance score reaches a qualified value, and determine the current updated design parameter group as the final design parameter group of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing.

[0020] Furthermore, it is characterized in that the use requirement parameters include use environment temperature, use environment humidity, theoretical static load, theoretical dynamic load, theoretical maximum static friction, theoretical dynamic friction, and theoretical maximum seismic displacement;

[0021] The initial design parameters include the support height, the number of spherical caps, the equivalent curvature radius of the spherical caps, the circumferential diameters of the first concave surface and the second concave surface, the center plane coordinates of each spherical cap, and the type and thickness of the sliding material.

[0022] Furthermore, the mechanical model corresponding to the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is established according to the initial design parameter group, the working performance of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is simulated under different working conditions, and the test parameters are obtained, including the following steps:

[0023] According to the initial design parameter group, a three-dimensional geometric model corresponding to the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is established;

[0024] Determine the materials of the upper bearing plate, the lower bearing plate, the spherical cap lining plate, the upper wear-resistant layer and the lower wear-resistant layer of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing, and input them into the three-dimensional geometric model;

[0025] Defining the boundary conditions of the three-dimensional geometric model according to the degrees of freedom, actual support conditions and the usage requirement parameters of the spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing;

[0026] Mesh the three-dimensional geometric model and generate finite element mesh;

[0027] Apply corresponding load conditions to the 3D geometric model according to different working conditions;

[0028] The solver performs the simulation process under different working conditions to obtain the stress distribution, deformation and wear of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing under the load conditions and boundary conditions in the three-dimensional geometric model;

[0029] The test parameters are obtained according to the stress distribution, deformation and wear conditions of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing.

[0030] Further, the working conditions include working performance under simulated non-seismic conditions, working performance under simulated seismic conditions, and working performance under simulated long-travel wear;

[0031] When simulating the working performance under non-seismic conditions, a vertical bearing force is applied in the vertical direction, and a horizontal uniform motion load is applied in the horizontal direction to obtain the friction force-displacement relationship curve during the displacement motion under non-seismic conditions;

[0032] When simulating the working performance under the earthquake state, multiple groups of earthquake simulation loading parameters are set, each group of earthquake simulation loading parameters includes the test vertical load, displacement, peak velocity and number of cycles; a constant vertical bearing capacity is applied in the vertical direction, and a corresponding simple harmonic horizontal motion load is applied in the horizontal direction according to the earthquake simulation loading parameters; and a dynamic friction coefficient-loading velocity relationship curve under each group of earthquake simulation loading parameters is obtained;

[0033] When simulating the working performance under long-stroke wear, a constant vertical bearing capacity is applied in the vertical direction, and the corresponding horizontal simple harmonic motion is applied in the horizontal direction according to the theoretical maximum seismic displacement, and multiple continuous cycle tests are carried out; the wear thickness of the sliding material corresponding to each cycle test is obtained, and the relationship curve between the wear thickness change rate and the number of cycles of multiple continuous cycle tests is determined.

[0034] Furthermore, the working performance of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is evaluated according to the test parameters, and the safety factor and performance score are determined, including the following steps:

[0035] Determine the stress distribution, deformation and wear of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to the friction force-displacement relationship curve, the dynamic friction coefficient-loading speed relationship curve and the wear thickness change rate-cycle number relationship curve, and determine the maximum stress value, maximum deformation and maximum wear of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing;

[0036] Compare and analyze the maximum stress value, maximum deformation and maximum wear with the preset maximum allowable stress value, maximum allowable deformation and maximum allowable wear of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing, and determine the corresponding safety factor;

[0037] Determine the individual scoring value of each performance index of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to the safety factor and the preset scoring function;

[0038] The weight distribution of each performance index of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is determined, and the performance score is obtained by weighted summing up each single score value according to the weight distribution of the performance index.

[0039] Further, the updating of the initial design parameter group according to the safety factor to form an updated design parameter group includes the following steps:

[0040] Determine the single score value of the performance indicator corresponding to each of the safety factors, and compare and determine each of the single score value of the performance indicator with a preset minimum score line, and select and obtain the single score value of the performance indicator that is lower than the minimum bisector;

[0041] Determine the design parameters and safety factors corresponding to the single score values ​​of the performance indicators, adjust and optimize the design parameters based on the safety factors, and determine multiple improvement plans that meet the minimum score requirements;

[0042] A plurality of improvement schemes with the least impact on other performance indicators are selected to update the initial design parameter group to form an updated design parameter group.

[0043] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] (1) The present invention reduces the volume of the spherical crown lining by configuring the traditional single spherical crown lining plate into multiple spherical crown lining plates, so as to facilitate the control of the processing accuracy during the factory prefabrication process, thereby meeting the production requirements and ensuring the molding accuracy. It is also convenient for the friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing to be carried and transferred during on-site replacement and maintenance. Moreover, due to the reduction in volume, the height required to lift the upper bearing plate during replacement is greatly reduced, thereby avoiding the use of heavy machinery, reducing the complexity and difficulty of operation, and facilitating on-site maintenance and replacement.

[0045] (2) The present invention also provides a design method for a multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing. By establishing a mechanical model of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing and conducting simulation tests, the working performance of the bearing under the use of required parameters and an initial design parameter group can be evaluated, and the initial design parameter group can be iteratively updated based on the evaluation results until the performance evaluation result reaches a qualified value, thereby ensuring the working performance of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing formed according to the updated design parameter group during actual use and ensuring the safety of use.

[0046] (3) The friction pendulum bearing with a multi-spherical crown structure designed by the above method can not only solve the problems existing in the original single-spherical crown structure, but also bring many positive impacts in terms of social and economic benefits:

[0047] 1. Improve production efficiency and reduce costs: The design of breaking the whole into parts makes each component easier to process and standardize production, reduces dependence on large and expensive equipment, reduces the demand for high-precision processing, and thus shortens the production cycle and reduces production costs.

[0048] 2. Improve project quality and safety: The multi-spherical crown structure can distribute the load more evenly, reduce the risk of single-point failure, improve the overall stability and seismic performance of the bridge, ensure public safety, and reduce social and economic losses caused by structural damage.

[0049] 3. Reduce maintenance costs and time: The improved design facilitates the quick replacement of worn parts without requiring a large amount of manpower and material resources for overall disassembly and assembly, thus reducing the closure time during bridge maintenance, reducing the impact on traffic flow, and maintaining smooth social and economic activities.

[0050] 4. Promote technological innovation and industrial upgrading: The new bearing design has promoted the progress of materials and construction technology, promoted the technological upgrading of related industrial chains and the research and development of new products, and driven the innovative development of the entire industry.

[0051] 5. Environmental friendliness and sustainable development: Improving structural durability and maintenance efficiency means less resource consumption and waste generation, which meets the requirements of green buildings and sustainable development and has long-term benefits for environmental protection and social welfare. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0053] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-spherical-cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 It is a bottom view of different forms of the upper support plate in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the upper support plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the lower support plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 A top view of a multi-spherical-cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Sectional view at AA in the middle;

[0059] Figure 7 It is a schematic flow chart of a method for designing a multi-spherical-cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a simulation experiment in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the working performance test of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing under different working conditions in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the process of forming the safety factor and performance score in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the formation process of updating the design parameter group in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] Figure numerals: 10, upper support plate; 11, first concave surface; 20, lower support plate; 21, second concave surface; 30, spherical crown lining; 31, first convex surface; 31a, upper wear-resistant layer; 31b, groove; 32, second convex surface; 32a, lower wear-resistant layer; 40, fixing assembly; 41, upper fixing block; 41a, first opening; 42, lower fixing block; 42a, second opening; 43, connecting rod; 44, fastener. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0066] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0067] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0068] like Figures 1 to 6 A multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing shown includes an upper bearing plate 10, a lower bearing plate 20 and a spherical cap lining plate 30;

[0069] The upper bearing plate 10 and the lower bearing plate 20 are respectively arranged on the bridge and the pier, and the number of the spherical cap lining plates 30 is at least two and is evenly distributed between the upper bearing plate 10 and the lower bearing plate 20;

[0070] The upper support plate 10 and the lower support plate 20 are respectively formed with a first concave surface 11 and a second concave surface 21 which are arranged in pairs with the spherical crown lining plate 30, and each spherical crown lining plate 30 is respectively slidably arranged between the corresponding first concave surface 11 and the second concave surface 21;

[0071] The two side surfaces of the spherical crown lining 30 respectively form a first convex surface 31 corresponding to the first concave surface 11 and a second convex surface 32 corresponding to the second concave surface 21. The first convex surface 31 and the second convex surface 32 are respectively attached with an upper wear-resistant layer 31a and a lower wear-resistant layer 32a. The upper wear-resistant layer 31a and the lower wear-resistant layer 32a respectively abut against the corresponding first concave surface 11 and the second concave surface 21 to form a friction effect.

[0072] The present invention reduces the volume of the spherical crown lining 30 by configuring the traditional single spherical crown lining 30 into multiple spherical crown linings 30, so as to facilitate the control of the processing accuracy during the factory prefabrication process, thereby meeting the production requirements and ensuring the molding accuracy. It is also convenient for the friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing to be carried and transferred during on-site replacement and maintenance. Moreover, due to the reduction in volume, the required lifting height of the upper bearing plate 10 during replacement is greatly reduced, avoiding the use of heavy machinery, reducing the complexity and difficulty of operation, and facilitating on-site maintenance and replacement. The friction pendulum bearing designed to form a multi-spherical crown structure can not only solve the problems existing in the original single spherical crown structure, but also bring many positive impacts in terms of social and economic benefits, promote technological progress in the field of bridge construction and maintenance, and have a positive contribution to economic development, public safety and environmental protection.

[0073] Due to the increase in the number of spherical crown linings 30 in the multi-spherical crown bearing, the size of each spherical crown lining 30 is greatly reduced, which not only simplifies the molding process in the factory, but also when the sliding material of the upper wear-resistant layer 31a or the lower wear-resistant layer 32a of a spherical crown lining 30 is worn and cannot be used anymore, it is only necessary to replace the single worn spherical crown lining 30 without replacing the large spherical crown lining 30 of the integral structure. In addition, due to the reduction in the size of the spherical crown lining 30, the height required for lifting the upper bearing plate 10 can be reduced, thereby greatly reducing the difficulty and complexity of replacing the spherical crown lining 30 and its wear material.

[0074] The friction pendulum bearing in the form of multiple spherical crowns forms a multi-point distributed support structure inside, which can transfer the load of the bridge superstructure to the piers more evenly, reduce the stress concentration at a single support point, and thus improve the bearing capacity and service life of the bearing; and as the number of spherical crown liners 30 increases, compared with the single spherical crown structure, it can provide more sliding and rotation freedom, so that the bridge superstructure can more flexibly form relative movement and rotation with the piers when affected by factors such as load, temperature changes, and concrete shrinkage, thereby improving the flexibility of the bearing.

[0075] In addition, as the volume of the spherical crown lining 30 is reduced, the areas of the upper wear-resistant layer 31a and the lower wear-resistant layer 32a attached to the first convex surface 31 and the second convex surface 32 of the spherical crown lining 30 are also reduced, so the consumption of sliding materials is reduced, further improving the economic benefits.

[0076] On the basis of the above embodiment, the circumferential diameter of the first concave surface 11 is larger than the circumferential diameter of the first convex surface 31, the circumferential diameter of the second concave surface 21 is smaller than the circumferential diameter of the second convex surface 32, and the curvature of the first concave surface 11 is smaller than the curvature of the second concave surface 21; due to the different settings of the diameters and curvatures of the first concave surface 11 and the second concave surface 21, different rotation or displacement requirements can be met, and then the rotation and sliding performance of the bearing are adjusted, so that the bearing can adapt to different bridge structures and working environments under different stress states, maintain better stability, and improve work adaptability and reliability.

[0077] On the basis of the above embodiment, a groove 31b is provided on the first convex surface 31, and one side of the upper wear-resistant layer 31a is embedded in the groove 31b; by providing the groove 31b on the first convex surface 31 and embedding one side of the upper wear-resistant layer 31a therein, the bonding force between the wear-resistant layer and the first convex surface 31 can be enhanced, and the risk of displacement or falling off of the wear layer caused by sliding or rotation can be reduced, and better wear resistance can be provided during the sliding process, thereby extending the service life of the support, and facilitating the replacement and assembly of the upper wear-resistant layer 31a, thereby improving the convenience of operation.

[0078] On the basis of the above embodiment, it also includes a plurality of symmetrically arranged fixing components 40, each of which includes an upper fixing block 41, a lower fixing block 42, a connecting rod 43 and two fasteners 44. The upper fixing block 41 is arranged on the side of the upper support plate 10, and one side of the upper fixing block 41 is provided with a first opening 41a along the transverse direction, the lower fixing plate is arranged on the side of the lower support plate 20, and one side of the lower fixing block 42 is provided with a second opening 42a along the longitudinal direction, the outer axial surface of the connecting rod 43 is provided with a threaded structure, and the two ends are respectively arranged in the first opening 41a and the second opening 42a, and are connected to the upper fixing block 41 and the lower fixing block 42 by two fasteners 44; by symmetrically arranged fixing components 40, the upper fixing block 41 can be more evenly distributed. The force borne by the cloth support improves the stability and bearing capacity of the entire support structure, and helps to accurately position the upper support plate 10 and the lower support plate 20, ensuring that the spherical crown lining 30 can be correctly aligned with the first concave surface 11 on the upper support plate 10 and the second concave surface 21 on the lower support plate 20 during installation. The combined fixing form of the upper fixing block 41, the lower fixing block 42 and the connecting rod 43 can provide stronger connection strength, ensuring the reliability of the support when it is subjected to large loads or is affected by extreme environments. When replacement or maintenance is required, the connection method of the connecting rod 43 of the threaded structure and the fastener 44 also facilitates the disassembly and reinstallation of the upper support plate 10 and the lower support plate 20, and the operation is simple and convenient.

[0079] In the related art, due to the lack of standardized design of the friction pendulum bearing with a multi-spherical crown structure, it is difficult to simulate and verify the wear of sliding materials on different spherical crowns, and it is also difficult to ensure its working performance during actual use. Figures 7 to 11 As shown, the present invention also provides a design method for a multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing, which is used to form the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing as above, comprising the following steps:

[0080] Determine the usage demand parameters, and determine the design parameters of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to the usage demand parameters to form an initial design parameter group;

[0081] The mechanical model corresponding to the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is established according to the initial design parameter group, and the working performance of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is simulated under different working conditions, and the test parameters are obtained;

[0082] According to the test parameters, the working performance of the multi-spherical friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is evaluated, and the safety factor corresponding to each performance index and the performance score corresponding to the working performance are determined;

[0083] The initial design parameter group is updated according to the safety factor to form an updated design parameter group;

[0084] Repeat the above simulation test and obtain the safety factor and performance score corresponding to the updated design parameter group, until the performance score reaches the qualified value, and determine the current updated design parameter group as the final design parameter group of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing.

[0085] By establishing a mechanical model of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing and conducting simulation tests, the working performance of the bearing under the required parameters and the initial design parameter group can be evaluated, and the initial design parameter group can be iteratively updated according to the evaluation results until the performance evaluation results reach a qualified value. This ensures the working performance of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing formed according to the updated design parameter group during actual use and ensures its safety.

[0086] By using the required parameters, the initial design parameter group can be determined, so that a mechanical model can be established and simulation tests can be conducted based on the initial design parameters. The working performance of the bearing can be predicted and verified before actual production, reducing the risk in actual applications. By obtaining the safety factor and performance score, repeated simulation tests and updated design parameter groups, the design of the bearing can be continuously optimized until the expected performance design standard is achieved, thereby ensuring that the bearing has high reliability at the design stage and reducing subsequent maintenance costs and replacement frequency.

[0087] Specifically, during the design process, the use requirement parameters can first be determined according to the application scenario of the bridge, such as the design load, span, expected service life and other parameters of the bridge. According to the use requirement parameters, the initial design parameter group of the bearing can be obtained; at this time, the relevant model of the bearing can be established according to the initial design parameter group, and the performance of the bearing under different load and temperature conditions can be simulated and tested, and the corresponding performance can be evaluated and analyzed. For example, if it is determined that the bearing formed by the initial design parameter group is not stable enough at high temperature, the corresponding material and structural parameters in the initial design parameter group can be adjusted according to the results of the safety factor and performance score, which is conducive to increasing the thermal stability of the bearing. Repeat the above simulation test and adjust the parameters. After multiple iterations, an updated design parameter group that meets the bearing design requirements can be determined. This ensures the applicability of the bearing to the application environment and the economy and reliability of long-term use.

[0088] On the basis of the above embodiments, it is characterized in that the use requirement parameters include the use environment temperature, the use environment humidity, the theoretical static load, the theoretical dynamic load, the theoretical maximum static friction, the theoretical dynamic friction, and the theoretical maximum seismic displacement; the use requirement parameters take into account the temperature and humidity of the use environment to ensure that the materials and structures of the subsequent bearings can be suitable for specific environmental conditions and improve the durability and reliability of the bearings; the load-related parameters are conducive to determining the performance of the bearings under different load conditions to ensure that the bearings can safely bear the expected loads; the friction-related parameters play an important role in determining the sliding and rotational performance of the bearings to ensure that the bearings can work normally and respond in extreme situations such as earthquakes; the seismic displacement-related parameters can ensure that the designed bearings can adapt to the possible maximum seismic force and ensure the safety of the bridge structure in natural disasters such as earthquakes;

[0089] The initial design parameters include bearing height, number of spherical crowns, equivalent radius of curvature of the spherical crowns, circumferential diameters of the first and second concave surfaces, center plane coordinates of each spherical crown, and type and thickness of sliding material; the determination of bearing height and number of spherical crowns can customize the size and bearing capacity of the bearing according to the specific needs of the bridge; the design of the equivalent radius of curvature of the spherical crowns can optimize the rotation performance and sliding characteristics of the bearing and improve the flexibility and adaptability of the bearing; the design of the circumferential diameters of the first and second concave surfaces affects the contact area and friction characteristics of the bearing, and thus affects the bearing and sliding performance of the bearing; the determination of the center plane coordinates of each spherical crown helps to accurately control the layout and position of the spherical crown lining, ensure the geometric accuracy of the bearing and the convenience of operating the spherical crown lining that needs to be replaced later; the selection of the type and thickness of the sliding material directly affects the wear resistance and sliding performance of the bearing, and is the key to ensuring the long-term stable operation of the bearing.

[0090] It should be noted that the above parameters only point out the influencing parameters related to the performance of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing. Other parameters that have a smaller impact on the bearing performance, such as the shape structure of the bearing body and assembly requirements, are not listed here and can be set according to actual usage requirements and are not limited here.

[0091] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, a mechanical model corresponding to the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is established according to the initial design parameter group, and a simulation test is performed on the working performance of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing under different working conditions to obtain the test parameters, including the following steps:

[0092] According to the initial design parameter group, a three-dimensional geometric model corresponding to the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is established; by establishing a three-dimensional geometric model, the geometric structure and size of the bearing can be more realistically reflected, providing an accurate basis for subsequent mechanical analysis;

[0093] Determine the materials of the upper bearing plate, lower bearing plate, spherical cap lining plate, upper wear-resistant layer and lower wear-resistant layer of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing, and input them into the three-dimensional geometric model; determine and input the material properties of each component of the bearing to ensure that the mechanical behavior of the material in the simulation test is consistent with the actual situation;

[0094] The boundary conditions of the three-dimensional geometric model are defined according to the degrees of freedom, actual support conditions and use requirement parameters of the spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing; defining the boundary conditions according to the actual support conditions and use requirement parameters is helpful to simulate the stress conditions of the bearing under the actual working state;

[0095] Mesh the 3D geometric model and generate finite element mesh; reasonable meshing can improve solution accuracy and calculation efficiency;

[0096] According to different working conditions, corresponding load conditions are applied to the 3D geometric model; according to different working conditions, the performance of the bearing in various use environments can be simulated;

[0097] By executing the simulation process under different working conditions through the solver, the stress distribution, deformation and wear of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing under the load conditions and boundary conditions in the three-dimensional geometric model can be obtained; by executing the simulation process through the solver, the stress distribution, deformation and wear of the bearing formed by the initial design parameter group in actual use can be predicted;

[0098] The test parameters are obtained according to the stress distribution, deformation and wear of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing. The working performance of the bearing can be comprehensively evaluated based on the test parameters obtained from the simulation results, providing a basis for the optimization of the initial design parameter group.

[0099] Through the above simulation test steps, the performance of the bearing during use can be simulated, thereby ensuring that the design of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing has good mechanical properties and durability while meeting the use requirements. This method helps to reduce risks in practical applications and improve the reliability and economy of the bearing design.

[0100] On the basis of the above embodiments, the working conditions include simulating the working performance under non-seismic conditions, simulating the working performance under seismic conditions and simulating the working performance under long-stroke wear; thus, the performance of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing under various use conditions can be comprehensively evaluated, thereby improving the actual application effect and service life of the updated and optimized bearing. The specific simulation process is as follows:

[0101] When simulating the working performance under non-seismic conditions, a vertical bearing force is applied in the vertical direction, and a horizontal uniform motion load is applied in the horizontal direction to obtain the friction force-displacement relationship curve during the displacement motion under non-seismic conditions;

[0102] When simulating the working performance under the earthquake state, multiple groups of earthquake simulation loading parameters are set, each group of earthquake simulation loading parameters includes the test vertical load, displacement, peak velocity and number of cycles; a constant vertical bearing capacity is applied in the vertical direction, and a corresponding simple harmonic horizontal motion load is applied in the horizontal direction according to the earthquake simulation loading parameters; and a dynamic friction coefficient-loading velocity relationship curve under each group of earthquake simulation loading parameters is obtained;

[0103] When simulating the working performance under long-stroke wear, a constant vertical bearing capacity is applied in the vertical direction, and the corresponding horizontal simple harmonic motion is applied in the horizontal direction according to the theoretical maximum seismic displacement, and multiple continuous cycle tests are carried out; the wear thickness of the sliding material corresponding to each cycle test is obtained, and the relationship curve between the wear thickness change rate and the number of cycles of multiple continuous cycle tests is determined.

[0104] Through simulation tests, the friction force, displacement, dynamic friction coefficient and wear of the bearing under different working conditions can be predicted; and three working conditions are covered: non-seismic state, seismic state and long-stroke wear, ensuring the comprehensiveness and adaptability of the bearing design; the friction force-displacement relationship curve, dynamic friction coefficient-loading speed relationship curve and wear thickness change rate-cycle number relationship curve obtained from the simulation test provide important data support for the design optimization of bearing parameters. Simulation tests under non-seismic conditions are helpful to evaluate the normal working performance of multi-spherical crown friction pendulum bearings, and simulation tests under seismic conditions are helpful to evaluate the safety and reliability of bearings under extreme conditions; simulation tests under long-stroke wear are helpful to evaluate the durability and long-term performance of bearings; the accuracy of design parameters and mechanical models is verified through simulation tests to ensure the accuracy of subsequent data updates in the initial design parameter group.

[0105] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, according to the test parameters, the working performance of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is evaluated, and the safety factor and performance score are determined, including the following steps:

[0106] According to the friction force-displacement relationship curve, dynamic friction coefficient-loading speed relationship curve and wear thickness change rate-cycle number relationship curve combined with the bearing performance simulation, the stress distribution, deformation and wear of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing are determined, and the maximum stress value, maximum deformation and maximum wear of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing are determined;

[0107] Compare and analyze the maximum stress value, maximum deformation and maximum wear with the preset maximum allowable stress value, maximum allowable deformation and maximum allowable wear of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing, and determine the corresponding safety factor based on the analysis results;

[0108] According to the safety factor and the preset scoring function, the single scoring value of each performance index of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is determined;

[0109] The weight distribution of each performance index of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is determined, and the performance score is obtained by weighted summing up each single score value according to the weight distribution of the performance index.

[0110] The above method can verify the safety of the bearing under extreme conditions by comparing the maximum stress value, maximum deformation and maximum wear with the corresponding preset maximum allowable values, and quantify the performance evaluation into specific single score values, which is convenient for comparing the importance of various performance indicators in the bearing, and also convenient for comparing the influence and correlation of different schemes on various performance indicators in the subsequent iterative optimization process. The importance of different performance indicators is taken into account through weight distribution, thereby establishing a standardized evaluation process, which helps to ensure the consistency and reliability of the bearing performance evaluation after each iterative cycle.

[0111] Among them, the setting of the safety factor can be presented in the form of a ratio or a difference interval range. For example, the ratio of the maximum wear amount to the maximum allowable wear amount is used to reflect the rationality of the relevant parameters affecting the stress value in the initial design parameter group. Other methods can also be used to set the safety factor here, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0112] Among them, the scoring function can be set as follows:

[0113]

[0114] Among them, i represents the type of performance indicator, A i Indicates the actual score of the corresponding performance indicator, T iIndicates the safety factor corresponding to the performance index, M i Indicates the minimum acceptance score, N i represents the ideal score, and M i and N i It is a preset value and is related to the type of performance indicator selected.

[0115] After obtaining the individual scoring values ​​corresponding to all performance indicators through the above scoring function, the performance score of the bearing can be determined by the following formula:

[0116] S=w1×s1+w2×s2+…+w n ×s n ,

[0117] Where n represents the number of performance indicators, s n represents the single score value corresponding to the nth performance indicator, w n represents the weight coefficient corresponding to the nth performance indicator, and the weight w n It is determined according to the type of the corresponding performance indicator.

[0118] Specifically, three performance indicators A, B, and C are set, corresponding to wear performance, support performance, and sliding performance, respectively. The individual score values ​​corresponding to the three performance indicators are determined by the safety factor and scoring function corresponding to each performance indicator, and the individual score values ​​are weighted and summed according to the weight coefficient corresponding to the performance indicator to obtain the final performance score.

[0119] It should be noted that for certain special cases, such as when a single score value does not reach the minimum score line, the single score value and the corresponding performance indicators should be screened out and marked, so as to directly determine the performance indicators and their related design parameters that need to be focused on, and prevent false detection or missed detection when the subsequent weighted performance score meets the standard, thereby ensuring the effectiveness and reliability of the bearing performance evaluation work.

[0120] On the basis of the above embodiment, the initial design parameter group is updated according to the safety factor to form an updated design parameter group, including the following steps:

[0121] Determine the single score value of the performance indicator corresponding to each safety factor, and compare and determine each single score value of the performance indicator with the preset minimum score line, and screen out the single score value of the performance indicator that is lower than the minimum score line;

[0122] Determine the design parameters and safety factors corresponding to the single score values ​​of the performance indicators, adjust and optimize the design parameters based on the safety factors, and determine multiple improvement plans that meet the minimum score requirements;

[0123] The improvement scheme with the least impact on other performance indicators is selected from multiple improvement schemes to update the initial design parameter group to form an updated design parameter group.

[0124] By determining and screening the single score value of each performance indicator, the relevant parameters that need to be improved in the initial design parameter group can be accurately determined, and the overall design efficiency of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing can be improved. By adjusting the relevant design parameters, the single score value of the bearing's performance indicator can be improved, thereby ensuring that the requirements of all performance indicators are met and reducing the risk of the final multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing in actual use. By selecting the improvement plan with the least impact on other performance indicators, the best balance between performance indicators is achieved, and in the subsequent continuous simulation test iteration process, the updated design parameter data group is gradually optimized and formed to achieve the optimal solution. Through this update process, it can be ensured that the design of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing can achieve the best balance between the various performance indicators while meeting the safety and performance requirements, thereby providing a more reliable and efficient design plan for the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing, and ensuring the working performance of the formed multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing in actual use, thereby ensuring the safety of use.

[0125] Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A design method for a multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing, the seismic isolation bearing comprising: Upper bearing plate, lower bearing plate and ball crown lining plate; The upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate are respectively arranged on the bridge and the pier, and the number of the spherical cap lining plates is at least two and evenly distributed between the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate; The upper support plate and the lower support plate respectively form a first concave surface and a second concave surface which are arranged in pairs with the spherical crown lining plate, and each of the spherical crown lining plates is respectively slidably arranged between the corresponding first concave surface and the second concave surface; The two side surfaces of the spherical cap lining plate respectively form a first convex surface corresponding to the first concave surface and a second convex surface corresponding to the second concave surface, and an upper wear-resistant layer and a lower wear-resistant layer are respectively attached to the first convex surface and the second convex surface, and the upper wear-resistant layer and the lower wear-resistant layer are both made of sliding materials, and respectively abut against the corresponding first concave surface and the second concave surface to form a friction effect; It is characterized by comprising the following steps: Determining usage requirement parameters, and determining design parameters of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to the usage requirement parameters to form an initial design parameter group; A mechanical model corresponding to the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is established according to the initial design parameter group, and a simulation test is performed on the working performance of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing under different working conditions; the working conditions include simulating the working performance under non-seismic conditions, simulating the working performance under seismic conditions, and simulating the working performance under long-stroke wear; and the test parameters are obtained according to the stress distribution, deformation and wear conditions of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing; According to the test parameters, the working performance of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is evaluated, and the safety factor corresponding to each performance index and the performance score corresponding to the working performance are determined; The performance indicators include wear performance, bearing performance and sliding performance; Determine the individual scoring value of each performance index of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to the safety factor and the preset scoring function; The scoring function is as follows: Among them, i represents the type of performance indicator, A i Indicates the actual score of the corresponding performance indicator, T i Indicates the safety factor corresponding to the performance index, M i Indicates the minimum acceptance score, N i represents the ideal score, and M i and N i It is a preset value, which is related to the type of performance indicator; Updating the initial design parameter group according to the safety factor to form an updated design parameter group; Repeat the above simulation test and obtain the safety factor and performance score corresponding to the updated design parameter group, until the performance score reaches a qualified value, and determine the current updated design parameter group as the final design parameter group of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing.

2. The design method of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The use requirement parameters include use environment temperature, use environment humidity, theoretical static load, theoretical dynamic load, theoretical maximum static friction, theoretical dynamic friction, and theoretical maximum seismic displacement; The initial design parameters include the support height, the number of spherical caps, the equivalent curvature radius of the spherical caps, the circumferential diameters of the first concave surface and the second concave surface, the center plane coordinates of each spherical cap, and the type and thickness of the sliding material.

3. The design method of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step of establishing a mechanical model corresponding to the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to the initial design parameter group and conducting a simulation test on the working performance of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing under different working conditions comprises the following steps: According to the initial design parameter group, a three-dimensional geometric model corresponding to the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is established; Determine the materials of the upper bearing plate, the lower bearing plate, the spherical cap lining plate, the upper wear-resistant layer and the lower wear-resistant layer of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing, and input them into the three-dimensional geometric model; Defining the boundary conditions of the three-dimensional geometric model according to the degrees of freedom, actual support conditions and the usage requirement parameters of the spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing; Mesh the three-dimensional geometric model and generate finite element mesh; Apply corresponding load conditions to the 3D geometric model according to different working conditions; The solver performs the simulation process under different working conditions to obtain the stress distribution, deformation and wear of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing under the load conditions and boundary conditions in the three-dimensional geometric model; The test parameters are obtained according to the stress distribution, deformation and wear conditions of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing.

4. The design method of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to claim 3 is characterized in that: When simulating the working performance under non-seismic conditions, a vertical bearing force is applied in the vertical direction, and a horizontal uniform motion load is applied in the horizontal direction to obtain the friction force-displacement relationship curve during the displacement motion under non-seismic conditions; When simulating the working performance under the earthquake state, multiple groups of earthquake simulation loading parameters are set, each group of earthquake simulation loading parameters includes the test vertical load, displacement, peak velocity and number of cycles; a constant vertical bearing capacity is applied in the vertical direction, and a corresponding simple harmonic horizontal motion load is applied in the horizontal direction according to the earthquake simulation loading parameters; and a dynamic friction coefficient-loading velocity relationship curve under each group of earthquake simulation loading parameters is obtained; When simulating the working performance under long-travel wear, a constant vertical bearing capacity is applied in the vertical direction, and the corresponding horizontal simple harmonic motion is applied in the horizontal direction according to the theoretical maximum seismic displacement, and multiple continuous cycle tests are carried out; The wear thickness of the sliding material corresponding to each cycle test is obtained, and the wear thickness change rate-cycle number relationship curve of multiple continuous cycle tests is determined.

5. The design method of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The method of evaluating the working performance of the multi-spherical-cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to the test parameters and determining the safety factor and performance score comprises the following steps: Determine the stress distribution, deformation and wear of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to the friction force-displacement relationship curve, the dynamic friction coefficient-loading speed relationship curve and the wear thickness change rate-cycle number relationship curve in combination with the bearing performance simulation performance, and determine the maximum stress value, maximum deformation and maximum wear of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing; Compare and analyze the maximum stress value, maximum deformation and maximum wear with the preset maximum allowable stress value, maximum allowable deformation and maximum allowable wear of the multi-spherical crown friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing, and determine the corresponding safety factor according to the analysis results; Determine the individual scoring value of each performance index of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to the safety factor and the preset scoring function; The weight distribution of each performance index of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing is determined, and the performance score is obtained by weighted summing up each single score value according to the weight distribution of the performance index.

6. The design method of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The updating of the initial design parameter group according to the safety factor to form an updated design parameter group comprises the following steps: Determine the single score value of the performance indicator corresponding to each of the safety factors, and compare and determine each of the single score value of the performance indicator with a preset minimum score line, and screen and obtain the single score value of the performance indicator that is lower than the minimum score line; Determine the design parameters and safety factors corresponding to the single score values ​​of the performance indicators, adjust and optimize the design parameters based on the safety factors, and determine multiple improvement plans that meet the minimum score requirements; A plurality of improvement schemes with the smallest impact on other performance indicators are selected to update the initial design parameter group to form an updated design parameter group.

7. The design method of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The circumferential diameter of the first concave surface is set larger than the circumferential diameter of the first convex surface, the circumferential diameter of the second concave surface is set smaller than the circumferential diameter of the second convex surface, and the curvature of the first concave surface is set smaller than the curvature of the second concave surface.

8. The design method of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first convex surface is provided with a groove, and one side of the upper wear-resistant layer is embedded in the groove.

9. The design method of the multi-spherical cap friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes multiple groups of symmetrically arranged fixing components, each group of the fixing components includes an upper fixing block, a lower fixing block, a connecting rod and two fasteners, the upper fixing block is arranged on the side of the upper support plate, and one side of the upper fixing block is provided with a first opening along the transverse direction, the lower fixing block is arranged on the side of the lower support plate, and one side of the lower fixing block is provided with a second opening along the longitudinal direction, the outer axial surface of the connecting rod is provided with a threaded structure, and the two ends are respectively arranged in the first opening and the second opening, and are connected to the upper fixing block and the lower fixing block through the two fasteners.

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