Ghost holographic systems and methods based on polarization phase shift

Abstract

This invention proposes a ghost holographic system and method based on polarization phase shifting. The method includes: a laser beam is filtered, expanded, and modulated by superpixels before being split into two paths: one horizontally polarized and then vertically polarized via a half-wave plate; the two beams are combined and then split again, one path capturing a speckle pattern without an object, and the other path carrying object information via a polarization-modulated laser (SLM), while a photodetector measures the light intensity. The data is transmitted to a host computer, processed to obtain a one-step interference image, then reconstructed into a preliminary image through four-step phase shifting, combined with a reference wave to obtain a new image, processed to obtain a complex field image of the object, and finally the amplitude and phase are obtained. This invention abandons the traditional SLM phase shifting method, requiring only a binary-modulated DMD, significantly improving the speed of the coaxial ghost holographic system; the overall process is optimized, speed is improved, and a classic light source is used, simplifying the implementation of non-local ghost holography.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of classical optical nonlocal holographic imaging technology, and in particular to a ghost holographic system and method based on polarization phase shift. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section merely refer to the background art related to this invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Nonlocal imaging differs from traditional imaging techniques in that it does not require direct reception of photons from an object; instead, it achieves imaging through the correlation between quantum states. The earliest form of nonlocal imaging was ghost imaging, which sparked intense debate regarding the necessity of quantum entanglement. Later, scientists achieved ghost imaging using pseudothermal light sources, leading to a consensus that quantum entanglement is not a necessary condition for ghost imaging. Ghost imaging focuses on amplitude-dependent objects, discarding the object's phase information. However, the phase of an object contains three-dimensional or depth information, determining the evolution of light propagation, and has wide applications in imaging, materials science, communications, optical processing, and quantum technology.

[0004] Phase imaging is primarily achieved through optical holography. Most existing holographic methods involve constructing an interferometer structure to interfere with the object light and signal light, such as the Michelson interferometer and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Other methods employ phase shifting using a spatial light modulator (SLM) followed by a four-step phase shift, which is currently the most widely used and stable method for determining absolute phase. Still others utilize interference between polarization states combined with a four-step phase shift. Finally, there are holographic techniques that use digital micromirror devices (DMDs) to modulate and perform single-pixel imaging. Existing holographic technologies are already quite mature.

[0005] However, these existing holographic techniques cannot be directly applied to nonlocal imaging. Current ghost holography primarily utilizes quantum entangled light sources or complex nonlinear transformation processes. There are also techniques that solve for the phase using the transport equation. Quantum entangled light sources generally achieve this through a spontaneous parametric downconversion process, which is very inefficient. The downconverted light is on the order of photons, and experiments typically require lengthy integration times. Solving for the phase using the transport equation demands significant computational power and is also very time-consuming. The efficiency and stability of existing ghost holography techniques are far inferior to those of classical holography. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a ghost holographic system and method based on polarization phase shifting, introducing polarization holography into ghost holography to achieve non-local phase imaging. This provides a new research approach and technical method for achieving precision measurement using non-local holographic imaging.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a ghost holographic system based on polarization phase shift, comprising:

[0009] The laser, filtering and beam expanding subsystem, superpixel modulation subsystem, half-wave plate, polarizing beam splitter PBS, and beam splitter BS are placed coaxially in sequence. The beam splitter BS splits the optical path into two paths. One path is coaxially placed with SLM, polarizer, collecting lens and single-pixel detector in sequence, with the object under test between SLM and polarizer. The other path is coaxially placed with polarizer and camera in sequence.

[0010] The laser emitted by the laser is expanded by the filtering and beam-expanding subsystem and then incident at a certain angle on the superpixel modulation subsystem to form two beams with different polarization modes. One beam remains horizontally polarized, while the other beam becomes vertically polarized after passing through a half-wave plate. The two beams are combined by a polarization beam splitter and then split into two paths by a beam splitter (BS). One path is subjected to polarizer interference, and the camera acquires the superimposed speckle distribution intensity map of the path without objects. The other path is modulated by SLM and carries object information under the loading of horizontally polarized light. After polarizer interference, the photodetector acquires the light intensity value after passing the object. The camera and photodetector simultaneously upload the acquired data to the host computer.

[0011] The host computer processes the acquired data to obtain a one-step interferometric image, and reconstructs a preliminary interferometric image by acquiring four-step phase shifts and polarization phase shifts. The preliminary interferometric image and the reference plane wave are processed to obtain a new image. The new image is processed to obtain the complex field image of the object under test. The complex field image of the object under test is processed to obtain the amplitude and phase of the object under test.

[0012] Preferably, the filtering and beam expanding subsystem includes: an objective lens, a pinhole, and a beam expanding lens arranged sequentially, wherein the pinhole is located between the objective lens and the beam expanding lens, and the pinhole is located both on the back focal plane of the objective lens and on the front focal plane of the beam expanding lens; the objective lens is close to the laser, and the beam expanding lens is close to the object being measured.

[0013] Preferably, the superpixel modulation subsystem includes: a DMD, a first lens, a pinhole, and a second lens arranged sequentially. The DMD is located on the front focal plane of the first lens, the pinhole is located on the rear focal plane of the first lens and on the front focal plane of the second lens. The two lenses are placed off-axis, the pinhole filters first-order secondary light, and the pinhole is placed coaxially with the second lens.

[0014] Preferably, the camera and photodetector simultaneously upload the collected data to the host computer, specifically including:

[0015] The light intensity value collected by each speckle photodetector Represented as:

[0016]

[0017] in, It is the optical field information loaded by horizontally polarized light. It is the optical field information of vertically polarized light. It is object information. , and These are the amplitude and phase of the object, respectively. This refers to the angle of the polarizer on the object. Spatial coordinates;

[0018] Light intensity values ​​collected by each set of speckle cameras Represented as:

[0019]

[0020] in, It is the optical field information of the reference path horizontally polarized light loading. It refers to the optical field information of the vertically polarized light loaded from the reference path. The reference road space coordinates; the angle of the road polarizer is fixed at... The light intensity and It is a detection value and image under speckle pattern;

[0021] Both speckle patterns are Rayleigh speckle patterns, with negative exponential intensity distribution and Rayleigh amplitude distribution, and phase at... The distribution is uniform, with both the real and imaginary parts following a Gaussian distribution, and the entire distribution following a complex Gaussian distribution. The two paths are completely independent and have the following relationship:

[0022]

[0023] in, It refers to the average light intensity of multiple speckle patterns. It is a light field Complex conjugate optical field; the two speckle paths are completely independent, and their autocorrelation is the impulse function.

[0024] Preferably, the host computer processes the acquired data to obtain a one-step interferometric image, specifically including: the detection values ​​of a series of detectors. and modulation pattern Interaction , represented as: Combining the higher-order moment theorem:

[0025] in, and It is a complex light field. and These are their corresponding complex conjugate optical fields;

[0026] The derivation yields:

[0027] .

[0028] Preferably, the four-step phase shift acquisition reconstructs the preliminary interference image through polarization phase shift, specifically including:

[0029] Polarizer angle hour,

[0030]

[0031] Polarizer angle hour,

[0032]

[0033] have Wave plate, polarizer angle hour,

[0034]

[0035] have Wave plate, polarizer angle hour,

[0036] .

[0037] Preferably, the step of operating on the complex field image of the object under test to obtain the amplitude of the object under test specifically includes: performing an absolute value operation on the complex field image of the object under test to obtain the amplitude of the object under test.

[0038] .

[0039] Preferably, the step of operating on the complex field image of the object under test to obtain the phase of the object specifically includes: performing an argument calculation operation on the complex field image of the object under test to obtain the phase of the object under test.

[0040] .

[0041] Secondly, the present invention provides a ghost holographic imaging method based on polarization phase shift, comprising:

[0042] The laser emitted by the laser is processed by the filtering and beam expanding subsystem and then sent to the modulation system to form two beams with different polarization modes. One beam remains horizontally polarized, while the other beam becomes vertically polarized after passing through a half-wave plate. The two beams are combined by a polarizing beam splitter and then split into two paths by a beam splitter (BS). One path is subjected to polarizer interference, and the camera acquires the intensity map of the superimposed speckle distribution in the path without objects. The other path is modulated by SLM and carries object information under the loading of horizontally polarized light. After polarizer interference, the photodetector acquires the light intensity value after passing through the object. The camera and photodetector simultaneously upload the acquired data to the host computer.

[0043] The host computer processes the collected data to obtain a preliminary interference image; four holograms are obtained through a four-step phase shift of polarization; the four holograms are processed to obtain a complex field image of the object under test; the complex field image of the object under test is manipulated to obtain the amplitude of the object under test; and the complex field image of the object under test is manipulated to obtain the phase of the object under test.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0045] 1. Compared to traditional off-axis holographic systems, this invention uses a coaxial holographic system. Coaxial systems have a simple structure and do not require complex beam angle adjustments, making the optical system more compact, easier to align, and more suitable for space-constrained applications. Coaxial holography utilizes light sources efficiently and is suitable for working under conditions of limited light intensity, especially in applications such as low-intensity imaging or bio-imaging.

[0046] 2. Compared to traditional holography, the polarization holography provided by this invention adds a polarization dimension, increasing the information capacity of the holographic recording and allowing a single hologram to contain more details. Polarization holography utilizes the interference of beams with different polarization states, effectively suppressing certain types of noise and distortion, improving the contrast of the hologram, and making the reconstructed image clearer. Polarization holography allows for dynamic changes in optical parameters during holographic recording and reconstruction, providing greater flexibility and control precision. Simultaneously, polarization holography demonstrates unique advantages in data storage, materials research, 3D imaging, and optical component manufacturing. The multi-dimensional information recording capability and flexible optical control freedom of polarization holography give it broad application prospects and significant technological value in many cutting-edge application fields.

[0047] 3. Compared to traditional ghost holography techniques based on SLM combined with phase shifting, this invention does not require phase shifting via a spatial light modulator (SLM); binary modulation is sufficient. Therefore, this invention can use a digital micromirror array (DMD) as the modulation device. The modulation rate of the DMD is 20 kHz, while the modulation rate of the SLM is 240 Hz. Therefore, compared to traditional coaxial ghost holography systems based on SLMs, the system speed of this invention is increased by 100 times.

[0048] 4. Compared to existing ghost holography techniques, the above techniques use classical light rather than quantum entangled light as the light source. Quantum entangled light sources are generally achieved through a spontaneous parametric downconversion process, which is very inefficient. The downconverted light is on the order of photons, and experiments typically require long integration times. Compared to quantum entangled light generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion, classical spatial structured light is simpler to prepare, requiring only plane wave illumination of optical field modulation devices such as DMD or SLM, and classical light is more efficient. Furthermore, nonlocal ghost holography using classical light has been rarely discussed before, thus this technique has high academic value.

[0049] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0050] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the filtering and beam expanding subsystem according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the DMD superpixel modulation subsystem according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0054] Figures 4(a) and 4(b) show the amplitude and phase information of the object under test in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0055] Figures 5(a), 5(b), 5(c), and 5(d) are four phase shift diagrams obtained through polarization phase shifting in the simulation of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The phase shifts are respectively... and ;

[0056] Figures 6(a) and 6(b) show the amplitude and phase of the object reconstructed in the simulation of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of a ghost holographic imaging method based on polarization phase shift, according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment discloses a ghost holographic imaging system based on polarization phase shift. The imaging unit, structured light modulation unit, and data acquisition and processing unit are organically integrated to form a polarization ghost holographic imaging measurement system. Two modulated beams generated by the DMD are distributed on horizontally and vertically polarized beams, respectively. After being combined, they are split by the BS (Shape-Based Spectrometer) system. One beam illuminates the object, interferes, and is collected by a photodetector; the other beam interferes and is collected by a camera. The two received beams yield a light intensity value and a two-dimensional light intensity map, respectively.

[0061] Specifically, the ghost holographic imaging system based on polarization phase shift provided in this embodiment includes:

[0062] The laser, filtering and beam expanding subsystem, DMD superpixel modulation subsystem, half-wave plate, and PBS are placed coaxially in sequence. The BS splits the beam into two paths. One path coaxially houses the SLM, polarizer, collecting lens, and single-pixel detector; the other path coaxially houses the polarizer and camera. The SLM is the object under test. The filtering and beam expanding subsystem consists of a coaxially placed objective lens, pinhole, and lens. The superpixel modulation subsystem consists of the DMD, lens, pinhole, and lens. Two lenses are placed off-axis, and the pinhole receives the first-order diffracted light.

[0063] The laser beam, after being expanded by a filtering and beam-expanding subsystem, is incident on the DMD at a certain angle. Two different superpixel patterns are loaded at different positions on the DMD. After passing off-axis at 4F, the desired complex optical field can be obtained on the image plane. After passing through the superpixel modulation subsystem, the beam becomes two square spots, each loaded with a different pattern, both horizontally polarized. One beam is converted into vertically polarized light by a half-wave plate. The two beams are combined by a PBS and then split into two paths by a BS. One path is interfered with by a polarizer and the camera collects the DMD image plane information; the other path is modulated by an SLM, loading object information onto the horizontally polarized light, and then interfered with by a polarizer and collected by a photodetector. The camera acquires the intensity map of the superimposed speckle distribution in the path without an object under one modulation, and the photodetector acquires the light intensity value after passing an object under this modulation. Both acquired values ​​are uploaded to the host computer.

[0064] The host computer processes the acquired data to obtain a one-step interferometric image, and reconstructs a preliminary interferometric image by acquiring four-step phase shifts and polarization phase shifts. The preliminary interferometric image and the reference plane wave are processed to obtain a new image. The new image is processed to obtain the complex field image of the object under test. The complex field image of the object under test is manipulated to obtain the amplitude of the object under test. The complex field image of the object under test is manipulated to obtain the phase of the object under test.

[0065] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the filtering and beam-expanding subsystem includes: an objective lens, a pinhole, and a beam-expanding lens arranged sequentially. The pinhole is located between the objective lens and the beam-expanding lens, situated both on the rear focal plane of the objective lens and the front focal plane of the beam-expanding lens. The objective lens is close to the laser, and the beam-expanding lens is close to the object being measured.

[0066] like Figure 2 As shown, the DMD superpixel modulation subsystem includes: a DMD, a lens, a pinhole, and another lens arranged sequentially. The DMD is located at the front focal plane of the first lens, the pinhole is located at the rear focal plane of the first lens, and the second lens is located at the front focal plane of the second lens. The two lenses are placed off-axis. The pinhole filters first-order light and is coaxial with the second lens. The light field distribution at the rear focal plane of the second lens in the superpixel system is the ideal light field. Figure 1 As shown, both the SLM and the camera target surface are located on the back focal plane of the second lens of the superpixel modulation subsystem.

[0067] Figure 1 The photodetector also collects the back focal plane of the lens. It should be understood that there are two methods to locate the back focal plane: one is to use the known focal length of the collecting lens, where the back focal plane is located far from the center of the lens, and can be located by measurement. The other method is to draw a beam of parallel light and, if the center of the focal plane is a particularly bright zero-frequency point, then we can observe with the human eye that the plane with the smallest and brightest bright spot at the center is the back focal plane.

[0068] Furthermore, two completely different speckle patterns are loaded onto the DMD target surface. The two speckle patterns are at the same height but spatially separated. After passing through the superpixel modulation subsystem, both speckle patterns are horizontally polarized. The two speckle patterns are separated by two left-handed and right-handed mirrors. Then, a half-wave plate is used to adjust the polarization of one of the speckle patterns to vertical polarization. Finally, a PBS is used to combine the horizontally and vertically polarized light beams.

[0069] The two speckle patterns loaded by the DMD, the speckle pattern of the horizontally polarized light is denoted as... The speckle pattern of vertically polarized light is denoted as Both speckle patterns can be understood as complex optical fields, possessing both real and imaginary parts. The object loaded by the SLM is denoted as... , It is also a complex amplitude object. The initial angle of the polarizer is set at 45° to allow horizontal and vertical polarized light to interfere. When the polarizer angle is turned to 135°, interference with the above-mentioned light will occur. Phase shift, add Waveplates can generate and The phase shift.

[0070] Furthermore, the photodetector uploads the collected data to the host computer, specifically including:

[0071] The light intensity value collected by each speckle photodetector Represented as:

[0072]

[0073] in, It is the optical field information of the object path loaded with horizontally polarized light. It is the optical field information of the object's path vertically polarized light loading. It is object information. , and These are the amplitude and phase of the object, respectively. This refers to the angle of the polarizer on the object. The coordinates of the object in the path space.

[0074] Light intensity values ​​collected by each set of speckle cameras Represented as:

[0075]

[0076] in, It is the optical field information of the reference path horizontally polarized light loading. It refers to the optical field information of the vertically polarized light loaded from the reference path. For reference path spatial coordinates, the angle of the polarizer in this path is fixed at... The above light intensity and Each image consists of a single speckle pattern and a detection value. To reconstruct an interferogram, thousands of speckle patterns are typically required. Therefore, the statistical characteristics of the speckle pattern must be considered.

[0077] Furthermore, both speckle patterns are Rayleigh speckle patterns, with a negative exponential intensity distribution, a Rayleigh amplitude distribution, and a phase distribution within... The distribution is uniform, with both the real and imaginary parts following a Gaussian distribution, and the entire distribution following a complex Gaussian distribution. The two paths are completely independent, therefore the following relationship holds:

[0078]

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] in, It refers to the average light intensity of multiple speckle patterns. It is a light field Complex conjugate optical field. The two speckle paths are completely independent, meaning they are statistically orthogonal, and the cross-correlation function of the speckles is almost zero, while the autocorrelation is the impulse function. Both speckles are randomly generated, therefore their statistical intensities are comparable.

[0082] The information in speckle is concentrated in the fluctuations of light intensity, so when reconstructing object information using speckle, the mean object information must be subtracted. It can be determined by the detection values ​​of a series of detectors. and modulation pattern Obtained through interaction, represented as: Combining the higher-order moment theorem,

[0083] in, and It is a complex light field. and These are their corresponding complex conjugate light fields.

[0084] It can be deduced that:

[0085]

[0086] Polarizer angle hour,

[0087]

[0088] Polarizer angle hour,

[0089]

[0090] have Wave plate, polarizer angle hour,

[0091]

[0092] have Wave plate, polarizer angle hour,

[0093]

[0094] The amplitude and phase of the object can be obtained by performing the following processing on the above four phase shifts.

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] In this embodiment, the DMD is a binary modulation device. To perform complex amplitude modulation using it, a specific method is required. This embodiment uses the superpixel method of the DMD, collecting information deviating from the 0th order frequency through a pinhole and an off-axis 4F system. This allows different phase differences to be obtained on the image plane of the DMD, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the biggest advantage of DMD as an optical field modulation device is its fast modulation speed, which can reach 22KHz, and can greatly reduce the time consumed by our dual-channel imaging.

[0098] Surrounding Figure 1 The system framework shown in this embodiment, the ghost holographic imaging system based on polarization phase shift, includes the following encoding, detection, and reconstruction processes:

[0099] The encoding process, i.e., the modulation process of the light field, involves flattening the laser's output light through filtering and beam expansion before illuminating the surface of the Digital Micromirror Array (DMD). Since this invention aims to recover phase information, a 4F system is used in the imaging system to achieve phase information transmission without introducing any phase error. Because the modulation region of the DMD is square, the total area of ​​the two modulation regions should be smaller than the modulation region of the DMD. In practical applications, the size of the object and the modulation region allows for flexible use of either a beam-expanding or beam-shrinking 4F system. Through structured light modulation using the DMD, the system achieves continuous spatial modulation of the object image.

[0100] The process involves the detection and photoelectric conversion of optical signals. A collecting lens is used to acquire the optical signal. A lens with a suitable numerical aperture is selected so that the light intensity information modulated by the object is focused onto the target surface of the detector; another two-dimensional light intensity image is directly acquired by the camera. The photodetector converts the periodically changing light intensity signal into a periodic current signal and outputs it. Analog-to-digital conversion is then performed on the signal. The analog-to-digital converter samples the input periodic current signal at equal intervals with a fixed sampling rate. The periodic analog signal is converted into a digital signal. Because the DMD modulation speed is very fast, the timing synchronization of the DMD, photodetector, and camera must be ensured during the detection process. The invention uses a data acquisition card (DAQ) for synchronization.

[0101] The reconstruction process includes system calibration, data processing, and computational reconstruction. Through system calibration, this invention obtains a reference plane wave. In this embodiment, the object's amplitude is a regular hexagon, and the phase is third-order OAM, as shown in Figures 4(a) and 4(b). The polarizer angle and... The insertion of the waveplate yielded a four-step phase shift diagram, as shown in Figure 5. Solving the four-step phase shift diagram yields the amplitude and phase information of the object, as shown in Figures 6(a) and 6(b).

[0102] This specific embodiment employs the concept of classical ghost imaging, utilizing classical light to construct a model of polarization phase-shifting ghost holography, thus realizing ghost holography of classical light. This introduces non-local ghost holography from the quantum realm into the classical realm, possessing significant academic value. Furthermore, the invention encodes object information in the polarization dimension, greatly improving the information capacity and noise resistance of ghost holography, and demonstrating excellent application value.

[0103] Example 2

[0104] like Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment provides a ghost holographic imaging method based on polarization phase shift, including:

[0105] The laser emitted by the laser is processed by the filtering and beam expanding subsystem and then sent to the modulation system to form two beams with different polarization modes. One beam remains horizontally polarized, while the other beam becomes vertically polarized after passing through a half-wave plate. The two beams are combined by a polarizing beam splitter and then split into two paths by a beam splitter (BS). One path is subjected to polarizer interference, and the camera acquires the intensity map of the superimposed speckle distribution in the path without objects. The other path is modulated by SLM and carries object information under the loading of horizontally polarized light. After polarizer interference, the photodetector acquires the light intensity value after passing through the object. The camera and photodetector simultaneously upload the acquired data to the host computer.

[0106] The host computer processes the collected data to obtain a preliminary interference image; four holograms are obtained through a four-step phase shift of polarization; the four holograms are processed to obtain a complex field image of the object under test; the complex field image of the object under test is manipulated to obtain the amplitude of the object under test; and the complex field image of the object under test is manipulated to obtain the phase of the object under test.

[0107] The core idea of ​​the above method is to utilize the strong correlation characteristics brought about by speckle to simulate quantum entangled light and achieve non-local imaging; object information is loaded into the polarization dimension, and horizontal and vertical polarized light is projected and interfered using a polarizer to achieve holography; using polarizers and A waveplate generates a four-step phase-shift interferogram, and the amplitude and phase information of the object under test can be obtained by processing the four phase-shift interferograms.

[0108] The steps or modules involved in Embodiment 2 above correspond to those in Embodiment 1. For specific implementation details, please refer to the relevant descriptions in Embodiment 1. The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ghost holographic system based on polarization phase shift, characterized in that, include: The laser, filtering and beam expanding subsystem, superpixel modulation subsystem, half-wave plate, polarizing beam splitter PBS, and beam splitter BS are placed coaxially in sequence. The beam splitter (BS) splits the optical path into two paths. One path is coaxially arranged with an SLM, a polarizer, a collecting lens, and a single-pixel detector, with the object to be measured between the SLM and the polarizer. The other path is coaxially arranged with a polarizer and a camera. The laser emitted by the laser is expanded by the filtering and beam-expanding subsystem and then incident at a certain angle on the superpixel modulation subsystem to form two beams with different polarization modes. One beam remains horizontally polarized, while the other beam becomes vertically polarized after passing through a half-wave plate. The two beams are combined by a polarization beam splitter and then split into two paths by a beam splitter (BS). One path is subjected to polarizer interference, and the camera acquires the superimposed speckle distribution intensity map of the path without objects. The other path is modulated by SLM and carries object information under the loading of horizontally polarized light. After polarizer interference, the photodetector acquires the light intensity value after passing the object. The camera and photodetector simultaneously upload the acquired data to the host computer. The host computer processes the acquired data to obtain a one-step interferometric image, and reconstructs a preliminary interferometric image by acquiring four-step phase shifts and polarization phase shifts. The preliminary interferometric image and the reference plane wave are processed to obtain a new image. The new image is then processed to obtain the complex field image of the object under test. The complex field image of the object under test is processed to obtain the amplitude and phase of the object under test.

2. The ghost holographic system based on polarization phase shift as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The filtering and beam-expanding subsystem includes: an objective lens, a pinhole, and a beam-expanding lens arranged sequentially. The pinhole is located between the objective lens and the beam-expanding lens, and is located both on the back focal plane of the objective lens and the front focal plane of the beam-expanding lens. The objective lens is close to the laser, and the beam-expanding lens is close to the object being measured.

3. The ghost holographic system based on polarization phase shift as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The superpixel modulation subsystem includes: a DMD, a first lens, a pinhole, and a second lens arranged sequentially. The DMD is located on the front focal plane of the first lens, the pinhole is located on the rear focal plane of the first lens and on the front focal plane of the second lens. The two lenses are placed off-axis, the pinhole filters first-order secondary light, and the pinhole is placed coaxially with the second lens.

4. The ghost holographic system based on polarization phase shift as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The camera and photodetector simultaneously upload the collected data to the host computer, specifically including: The light intensity value collected by each speckle photodetector Represented as: in, It is the optical field information loaded by horizontally polarized light. It is the optical field information of vertically polarized light. It is object information. , and These are the amplitude and phase of the object, respectively. This refers to the angle of the polarizer on the object. Spatial coordinates; Light intensity values ​​collected by each set of speckle cameras Represented as: in, It is the optical field information of the reference path horizontally polarized light loading. It refers to the optical field information of the vertically polarized light loaded from the reference path. The reference road space coordinates; the angle of the road polarizer is fixed at... The light intensity and It is a detection value and image under speckle pattern; Both speckle patterns are Rayleigh speckle patterns, with negative exponential intensity distribution and Rayleigh amplitude distribution, and phase at... The distribution is uniform, with both the real and imaginary parts following a Gaussian distribution, and the entire distribution following a complex Gaussian distribution. The two paths are completely independent and have the following relationship: in, It refers to the average light intensity of multiple speckle patterns. It is a light field Complex conjugate optical field; the two speckle paths are completely independent, and their autocorrelation is the impulse function.

5. A ghost holographic system based on polarization phase shift as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The host computer processes the collected data to obtain a one-step interferometric image, specifically including: the detection values ​​of a series of detectors. and modulation pattern Interaction , is represented as: Combining the higher-order moment theorem: in, and It is a complex light field. and These are their corresponding complex conjugate optical fields; The derivation yields: 。 6. A ghost holographic system based on polarization phase shift as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The four-step phase shift acquisition reconstructs a preliminary interference image through polarization phase shifting, specifically including: Polarizer angle hour, Polarizer angle hour, have Wave plate, polarizer angle hour, have Wave plate, polarizer angle hour, 。 7. A ghost holographic system based on polarization phase shift as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The process of manipulating the complex field image of the object under test to obtain the amplitude of the object specifically includes: performing an absolute value operation on the complex field image of the object under test to obtain the amplitude of the object under test. 。 8. A ghost holographic system based on polarization phase shift as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The process of operating on the complex field image of the object under test to obtain the phase of the object specifically includes: performing an argument calculation operation on the complex field image of the object under test to obtain the phase of the object under test. 。 9. A ghost holographic imaging method based on polarization phase shift, based on the ghost holographic system based on polarization phase shift as described in claim 1, characterized in that, include: The laser emitted by the laser is processed by the filtering and beam expanding subsystem and then sent to the modulation system to form two beams with different polarization modes. One beam remains horizontally polarized, while the other beam becomes vertically polarized after passing through a half-wave plate. The two beams are combined by a polarizing beam splitter and then split into two paths by a beam splitter (BS). One path is subjected to polarizer interference, and the camera acquires the intensity map of the superimposed speckle distribution in the path without objects. The other path is modulated by SLM and carries object information under the loading of horizontally polarized light. After polarizer interference, the photodetector acquires the light intensity value after passing through the object. The camera and photodetector simultaneously upload the acquired data to the host computer. The host computer processes the collected data to obtain a preliminary interference image; four holograms are obtained through a four-step polarization phase shift; the four holograms are processed to obtain a complex field image of the object under test; The amplitude of the object under test is obtained by manipulating the complex field image of the object under test. The phase of the object under test is obtained by manipulating the complex field image of the object under test.

10. The ghost holographic imaging method based on polarization phase shift as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The process of obtaining four holograms through a four-step phase shift of polarization specifically includes: Polarizer angle hour, Polarizer angle hour, have Wave plate, polarizer angle hour, have Wave plate, polarizer angle hour, 。

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