Photovoltaic module and method of manufacturing the same

Abstract

This application relates to the photovoltaic field, providing a photovoltaic module and its fabrication method. The fabrication method includes: providing a battery string, the battery string comprising: a plurality of battery cells arranged sequentially along a first direction; a connecting component located on two adjacent battery cells; a plurality of coating structures corresponding one-to-one with the battery cells, and the coating structures located on the battery cells and the surface of the connecting component; performing a pre-fixing treatment on the battery string, the pre-fixing treatment being used to melt and solidify a portion of the coating structures to fix the coating structures, the connecting components, and the battery cells close to them; placing a filler strip and a cover plate, the filler strip being located around the battery string, and the cover plate being located on the coating structures and the filler strip. The photovoltaic module and its fabrication method provided by this application can at least reduce the fabrication cost of photovoltaic modules.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the photovoltaic field, and in particular to a photovoltaic module and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation is a technology that directly converts light energy into electrical energy using solar cells based on the photovoltaic principle. It can be applied in any situation requiring power and has advantages such as minimal geographical limitations, high safety and reliability, environmental friendliness, and compliance with green and sustainable development, making it increasingly important to the public and the market. A typical photovoltaic module consists of five parts: a front glass panel, a front encapsulating film, the cells, a back encapsulating film, and a rear glass panel (or backsheet).

[0003] Cost reduction and efficiency improvement are the eternal themes of photovoltaic modules. Photovoltaic encapsulant film is a key link in the midstream of the photovoltaic industry chain and one of the core materials of photovoltaic modules. The production cost of photovoltaic encapsulant film accounts for about 6% of the total cost of photovoltaic modules. Therefore, one way to reduce the overall production cost of photovoltaic modules is to reduce the production cost of photovoltaic encapsulant film.

[0004] For photovoltaic encapsulants, the most widely used types are currently high-transparency encapsulants and pure white encapsulants. High-transparency encapsulants are low in cost, but the resulting modules have a higher degradation rate. Pure white encapsulants can increase incident light reflection, but they affect incident light absorption and have generally poor adhesion. Therefore, current photovoltaic encapsulants, while meeting the requirements of low manufacturing costs, cannot achieve improved cell efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a photovoltaic module and its manufacturing method, which at least helps to reduce the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module while improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0006] According to some embodiments of this application, one aspect of this application provides a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module, comprising: providing a battery string, the battery string comprising: a plurality of battery cells arranged sequentially along a first direction; a connecting component located on two adjacent battery cells; a plurality of coating structures corresponding one-to-one with the battery cells, and the coating structures located on the battery cells and the surface of the connecting component; performing a pre-fixing treatment on the battery string, the pre-fixing treatment being used to melt and solidify a portion of the coating structures to fix the coating structures, the connecting components, and the battery cells close to the battery cells; providing a first cover plate and placing the battery string on the first cover plate, the coating structures located between the battery cells and the first cover plate; placing a filler strip located on the first cover plate and around the battery string; and providing a second cover plate located on the corresponding coating structure and the filler strip.

[0007] In some embodiments, adjacent battery cells are spaced apart; in the step of placing the filler strip, the filler strip is also placed between adjacent battery cells; after placing the filler strip, the process further includes: performing a lamination process, the lamination process being at least used to bring the filler strip and the coating structure into a molten state and solidify them as an encapsulation layer.

[0008] In some embodiments, the adjacent battery cells are spaced apart, and after the filler strip is placed, a lamination process is performed to make the filler strip and the coating structure molten and solidify as an encapsulation layer; the lamination process is further used to make the molten coating structure flow between the adjacent battery cells so that the formed encapsulation layer also fills the gap between the adjacent battery cells.

[0009] In some embodiments, the parameters of the lamination process include a lamination temperature of 120°C to 160°C, a vacuuming time of 2 min to 15 min, and a lamination time of 9 min to 20 min.

[0010] In some embodiments, the coating structure includes at least a first coating and a second coating stacked together, the first coating being located between the battery cell and the second coating, the material of the first coating being different from the material of the second coating; the pre-fixing treatment is used to melt and solidify the first coating to fix the first coating, the connecting component and the battery cell together, and the fluidity of the first coating after the pre-fixing treatment is less than the fluidity of the second coating after the pre-fixing treatment.

[0011] In some embodiments, the process steps of providing the battery string and the pre-fixing treatment include: providing a plurality of battery cells, connecting components, and a coating structure, wherein the connecting components include a first part and a second part connected together; providing the first part and a corresponding coating structure on the surface of one of the battery cells; performing a first pre-fixing treatment on the battery cells, the first pre-fixing treatment being used to fix the first part, the corresponding coating structure, and the battery cells together; providing the second part and a corresponding other coating structure on the surface of another adjacent battery cell; and performing a second pre-fixing treatment, the second pre-fixing treatment being used to fix the second part, the corresponding coating structure, and the other battery cell.

[0012] In some embodiments, the process steps of providing the battery string include: providing a plurality of battery cells arranged sequentially along a first direction; placing the connecting member, the connecting member being located between two adjacent battery cells; and placing a plurality of coating structures, the coating structures corresponding one-to-one with the battery cells, and the coating structures being located on the battery cells and on the surface of the connecting member.

[0013] In some embodiments, the material of the coating structure is different from the material of the filler strip; the light transmittance of the coating structure is greater than that of the filler strip; and / or, the minimum torque of the vulcanization curve of the coating structure is greater than that of the minimum torque of the vulcanization curve of the filler strip.

[0014] In some embodiments, the battery cell includes grid lines; after the pre-fixing process, the process further includes welding the battery string to form an alloy contact between the connecting component and the grid lines.

[0015] According to some embodiments of this application, another aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic module, which is prepared using the photovoltaic module preparation method described in any of the above embodiments, comprising: a battery string, the battery string comprising: a plurality of battery cells arranged sequentially along a first direction; a connecting member located on two adjacent battery cells; an encapsulation layer located on the surface of the battery string and around the battery string; the encapsulation layer being composed of a film structure and a filler strip; a first cover plate and a second cover plate, the first cover plate and the second cover plate being respectively located on the side of the encapsulation layer away from the battery string.

[0016] The technical solution provided in this application has at least the following advantages:

[0017] In the photovoltaic module manufacturing method provided in this application embodiment, a coating structure is placed on each cell, and then the coating structure is pre-fixed to fix the portion of the coating structure and connecting parts near the cell to the cell. This prevents the connecting parts from moving in subsequent steps, thus avoiding welding defects. Next, a filler strip, a first cover plate, and a second cover plate are placed. The filler strip is located around the cell string, and the second cover plate is located on the coating structure and the filler strip. That is, the filler strip is not placed on the coating structure. The filler strip and the coating structure are independent of each other, so that the filler strip and the coating structure can be matched and selected with materials based on the characteristics required by their respective positions to improve the performance of the formed photovoltaic module. For example, the coating structure can be made of a material with high light transmittance, while the filler strip can be made of a material with high fluidity and easy encapsulation, thereby meeting the requirements of high light transmittance and encapsulation effect. Furthermore, each coated structure corresponds to one solar cell, and multiple connecting components on a solar cell correspond to this coated structure. Thus, the coated structure is not located outside the solar cell area. During the pre-fixation process of the solar cell string, the gas between the coated structure and the solar cell can be gradually pushed out of the solar cell area by compressing the gap between them. Secondly, before lamination, the coated structure and the filler strip are independent, meaning there is a gap between them. During lamination, the molten coated structure and the filler strip flow, pushing out air between the solar cell and the coated structure, as well as between the filler strip and the coated structure, through this gap. Compared to the existing technology of a single sheet of adhesive film, this shortens the displacement of air movement, allowing for rapid and effective air removal and improving the yield of photovoltaic modules. Attached Figure Description

[0018] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the drawings in the accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on scale. In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or in the conventional art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module;

[0020] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figures 3 to 16This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module corresponding to each step in the preparation method of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] As can be seen from the background technology, the current manufacturing cost of photovoltaic encapsulant films is relatively high, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules containing photovoltaic encapsulant films is poor.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module. Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the structure of a photovoltaic module before lamination. (Reference) Figure 1 Before lamination, the photovoltaic module includes solar cells 01, solder ribbons 02 and a low-weight fixing film 03 located on the solar cells 01. An encapsulating film 04 and a cover plate 05 are then laid over the corresponding area of ​​the entire photovoltaic module. The encapsulating film 04 is located on the cell string formed by all the solar cells 01 and around the cell string. The low-weight fixing film 03 is used to fix the solder ribbons 02 and prevent them from moving before welding. Thus, the entire photovoltaic encapsulating film consists of two parts: the low-weight fixing film 03 and the encapsulating film 04, resulting in higher manufacturing costs. The reason for setting the low-weight fixing film 03 is to reduce the weight of the encapsulation layer in the subsequent photovoltaic module, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.

[0024] Furthermore, since the encapsulating film facing the solar cells needs to consider light transmittance to achieve greater optical absorption, both the encapsulating film and the low-basis-weight fixing film need to consider light transmittance requirements. Secondly, the encapsulating film itself needs to encapsulate the photovoltaic module to reduce the corrosive effect of external moisture on the grid lines of the solar cells. Improving the light transmittance of the encapsulating film may affect its encapsulation performance. Finally, photovoltaic modules not only consist of solar cells, but also include the gaps between cell strings and the perimeter of the module. These areas do not require high light transmittance; therefore, optical losses due to the high light transmittance of the encapsulating film in these areas may affect the yield and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0025] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module. During the provision of the battery string, a coating structure is formed in the area directly opposite the battery cells, with each coating structure corresponding to a battery cell. After pre-fixing the battery string, a filler strip, a first cover plate, and a second cover plate are placed. The filler strip is located around the battery string, and the second cover plate is located on the coating structure and the filler strip. In other words, there are no other film layers between the coating structure and the first cover plate, or between the coating structure and the second cover plate. Compared to existing technologies, this eliminates the need for a low-weight adhesive film and allows for direct fixing of connecting components using the coating structure. The final encapsulation layer consists only of the coating structure and the filler strip on the battery cells, eliminating the need for an adhesive film to fix the connecting components, thus reducing the weight of the adhesive film and consequently lowering the basis weight and the cost of manufacturing the encapsulation layer. The filler strip and the coating structure are independent of each other, so that the filler strip and the coating structure can be matched and selected based on the characteristics required by their respective positions to improve the performance of the formed photovoltaic module. For example, the coating structure can be made of materials with high light transmittance, while the filler strip can be made of materials with high fluidity and easy encapsulation, thereby meeting the requirements of high light transmittance and encapsulation effect.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0027] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0028] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0029] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] In the accompanying drawings corresponding to the embodiments of the wood application, the thickness and area of ​​the layers are enlarged for better understanding and ease of description. When describing a component (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) on or on the surface of another component, the component may be "directly" located on the surface of the other component, or there may be a third component between the two components. Conversely, when describing a component on the surface of another component, or when another component is formed or disposed on the surface of a component, it indicates that there is no third component between the two components. Furthermore, when describing a component as being "generally" formed on another component, it means that the component is not formed on the entire surface (or front surface) of the other component, nor is it formed on a portion of the edge of the entire surface.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of this application, when a component "includes" another component, other components are not excluded unless otherwise stated, and other components may be further included. Furthermore, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being "on / located" on another component, it can be "directly on" the other component (i.e., located on the surface of the other component with no other components between them), or it can have another component present in between. Moreover, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is "directly located" on another component, or when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is located on the surface of another component, it indicates that no other components are located in between.

[0034] The terminology used in the description of the various embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various embodiments and the appended claims, the term "part" is also intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Components include layers, films, regions, or plates, etc.

[0035] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details have been provided in the embodiments of this application to facilitate a better understanding of the application. However, the technical solutions claimed in this application can be implemented even without these technical details and various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments.

[0036] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application; Figures 3 to 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module corresponding to each step in the preparation method of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0037] refer to Figure 2 According to some embodiments of this application, one aspect of this application provides a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module, comprising: providing a battery string, the battery string including: a plurality of battery cells arranged sequentially along a first direction; connecting components located on two adjacent battery cells; a plurality of coating structures, each coating structure corresponding to a battery cell, and the coating structures located on the battery cells and the surface of the connecting components; performing a pre-fixing treatment on the battery string, the pre-fixing treatment being used to melt and solidify a portion of the coating structures to fix the coating structures, connecting components, and battery cells close to the battery cells; placing a filler strip and a cover plate, the filler strip being located around the battery string, and the cover plate being located on the coating structures and the filler strip.

[0038] The cover plate includes a first cover plate and a second cover plate. The process steps of placing the filler strip and the cover plate may include: providing the first cover plate and placing the battery string on the first cover plate, with the coating structure located between the battery cell and the first cover plate; placing the filler strip on the first cover plate and around the battery string; and providing the second cover plate on the corresponding coating structure and the filler strip.

[0039] Thus, in the photovoltaic module manufacturing method provided in this application embodiment, a coating structure is placed on each cell, and then the coating structure is pre-fixed to fix the coating structure and connecting parts near the cell to the cell. This can prevent the connecting parts from moving in subsequent steps, thus avoiding welding defects. Next, a filler strip, a first cover plate, and a second cover plate are placed. The filler strip is located around the cell string, and the second cover plate is located on the coating structure and the filler strip. That is, the filler strip is not placed on the coating structure. The filler strip and the coating structure are independent of each other, so that the filler strip and the coating structure can be matched and selected with materials based on the characteristics required by their respective positions to improve the performance of the formed photovoltaic module. For example, the coating structure can be made of a material with high light transmittance, while the filler strip can be made of a material with high fluidity and easy encapsulation, thereby meeting the requirements of high light transmittance and encapsulation effect. Furthermore, each coated structure corresponds to one solar cell, and multiple connecting components on a solar cell correspond to this coated structure. Thus, the coated structure is not located outside the solar cell area. During the pre-fixation process of the solar cell string, the gas between the coated structure and the solar cell can be gradually pushed out of the solar cell area by compressing the gap between them. Secondly, before lamination, the coated structure and the filler strip are independent, meaning there is a gap between them. During lamination, the molten coated structure and the filler strip flow, pushing out air between the solar cell and the coated structure, as well as between the filler strip and the coated structure, through this gap. Compared to the existing technology of a single sheet of adhesive film, this shortens the displacement of air movement, allowing for rapid and effective air removal and improving the yield of photovoltaic modules.

[0040] refer to Figure 3 The solar cell 10 includes, but is not limited to, one or any combination of PERC (Passivated Emitter Rear Cell), IBC (Interdigitated Back Contact), TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact), HIT / HJT (Heterojunction Technology), thin-film solar cells, and tandem solar cells. Thin-film solar cells include, but are not limited to, perovskite thin-film solar cells, copper indium selenide (CIGS) thin-film solar cells, gallium arsenide (GaAs) thin-film solar cells, and cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin-film solar cells. Tandem solar cells include, but are not limited to, perovskite cells stacked with crystalline silicon cells, perovskite cells stacked with perovskite cells, and perovskite cells stacked with thin-film cells.

[0041] The solar cell 10 can be a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, a polycrystalline silicon solar cell, an amorphous silicon solar cell, or a multi-component compound solar cell. Specifically, the multi-component compound solar cell can be a cadmium sulfide solar cell, a gallium arsenide solar cell, a copper indium selenide solar cell, or a perovskite solar cell. Furthermore, the solar cell 10 can be a single cell or a sliced ​​cell; a sliced ​​cell refers to a cell formed by cutting a single, complete solar cell.

[0042] In some embodiments, the P-type and N-type structures of the solar cell 10 are located on two opposite surfaces of the substrate, such as PERC cells, TOPCon connector 110 cells, HIT / HJT cells, thin-film solar cells, and tandem cells. Two grid lines of different polarities are located on opposite sides of the substrate. These grid lines can be defined as a first grid line and a second grid line, with the first grid line having a positive polarity and the second grid line having a negative polarity. The P-type structure is a P-type semiconductor, serving as the P-type region in the solar cell. Positively charged holes move into the P-type structure and are ultimately collected by the positively charged first grid line. The N-type structure is an N-type semiconductor, serving as the N-type region in the solar cell. Negatively charged electrons move into the N-type structure and are ultimately collected by the negatively charged second grid line.

[0043] In some embodiments, the P-type and N-type structures of the solar cell are located on the same surface of the substrate, such as in an IBC cell, where first grid lines and second grid lines of different polarities are alternately arranged on the same surface of the substrate.

[0044] Figure 3 and Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure on which connecting components are placed on the battery cell.

[0045] In some embodiments, reference Figure 3 The connecting component 110 is used to interconnect the solar cells 10 and to collect current for transmission to external components of the photovoltaic module. The connecting component 110 includes busbars and interconnecting strips. The busbars are used to connect the cell strings and junction boxes, and the interconnecting strips are used to connect adjacent solar cells 10.

[0046] In some embodiments, reference Figure 4Taking a P-type and N-type battery cell located on two opposite surfaces of a substrate as an example, the battery cell includes a first battery cell 11 and a second battery cell 12 arranged adjacent to each other. The first surface of the first battery cell 11 has a first grid line, and the second surface of the first battery cell 11 has a second grid line; the first surface of the second battery cell 12 has a first grid line, and the second surface of the second battery cell 12 has a second grid line. The connecting member 110 is located on the first surface of the first battery cell 11 and the second surface of the second battery cell 12, arranged alternately. The connecting member 110 naturally bends and connects the first grid line of the first battery cell 11 and the second grid line of the second battery cell 12. A battery gap exists between the first battery cell 11 and the second battery cell 12.

[0047] In other embodiments, a battery gap exists between the first and second battery cells, and they are arranged alternately with respect to the first surface of the first battery cell and the second surface of the second battery cell. That is, the grid lines of the first battery cell and the grid lines of the second battery cell facing the same side have different polarities, and the connecting member is horizontally placed on the first surface of the first battery cell and the second surface of the second battery cell. In still other embodiments, the first surface of the first battery cell and the first surface of the second battery cell are arranged alternately, and the first battery cells are stacked on the surface of the second battery cell, that is, the second surface of the first battery cell is in contact with the surface of the second battery cell, and the connecting member is located on the first surface of the first battery cell and the second surface of the second battery cell.

[0048] In some embodiments, the battery cell is a main grid cell, and the first grid line and the second grid line refer to the main grid of the battery cell. Their extension direction overlaps with the extension direction of the connecting member. The connecting member overlaps with the main grid, and the electrical connection between the connecting member and the main grid is achieved through the solder pad.

[0049] In other embodiments, the solar cell may also be a gridless solar cell, where the first grid line and the second grid line refer to the sub-grids of the solar cell, and their extension direction intersects with the extension direction of the connecting member. One connecting member is electrically connected to multiple first grid lines / one connecting member is electrically connected to multiple second grid lines, thereby reducing the amount of silver-aluminum paste used and thus reducing the manufacturing cost.

[0050] The connecting component 110 can be a conventional solder strip or a low-temperature solder strip, wherein the melting point temperature of the conventional solder strip is between 160℃ and 185℃, and the melting point temperature of the low-temperature solder strip is between 100℃ and 150℃.

[0051] To improve the welding quality and effect, the connecting component 110 can be configured as a core-encased structure. The connecting component 110 includes a substrate and a welding layer covering the surface of the substrate. Furthermore, the welding layer contains flux. Flux refers to a chemical substance that helps and promotes the welding process while providing protection and preventing oxidation. Flux includes inorganic flux, organic flux, and resin flux. The flux has a melting point lower than that of the welding layer and increases the fluidity of the molten welding layer, enabling good alloying between the welding layer and the grid lines.

[0052] In some embodiments, the surface of the connecting component away from the solar cell may also have a reflective layer, located on the outer side of the welding layer away from the substrate and the solar cell. The reflective layer allows light to be reflected back onto the solar cell, thereby reducing optical loss.

[0053] In some embodiments, the outer surface of the weld layer may also have reflective grooves, which are recessed grooves or channels from the weld layer toward the substrate. Sunlight is reflected multiple times by the sidewalls of the reflective grooves and is eventually absorbed by the solar cell.

[0054] Figure 5 and Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the coating structure located on the surface of the solar cell before lamination. (Reference) Figure 5 and Figure 6 The coating structure 120 is located on the solar cell and corresponds one-to-one with the solar cell.

[0055] In some embodiments, the coating structure is the same size as the battery cell, meaning the area of ​​the coating structure is the same as the area of ​​the battery cell, and the coating structure overlaps with the battery cell. In some embodiments, the area of ​​the coating structure is slightly smaller than the area of ​​the battery cell, meaning the orthographic projection of the coating structure onto the battery cell is within the battery cell, and the distance between any point of the orthographic projection and the end of the battery cell is less than 2mm to 5mm. Both the configuration of the coating structure being the same size as the battery cell and the configuration of the coating structure being slightly smaller than the area of ​​the battery cell ensure that the size of the coating structure will not exceed that of the battery cell during subsequent pre-fixing processes, thus avoiding the coating structure wrapping around the battery cell or even causing adhesive overflow.

[0056] In some embodiments, the coating structure can be a single, continuous film layer covering the battery cell.

[0057] The width (dimension along the direction of cell arrangement) of the coating structure can be 180mm to 220mm, the length can be 200mm to 400mm, and the weight can be 300g to 380g.

[0058] In some embodiments, the coating structure can be located on opposite sides of the battery cell, such as the front and back sides. The coating structure located on the front side can fully cover the surface of the battery cell, and the coating structure located on the back side can partially cover the surface of the battery cell, with a spacing of 2mm to 5mm.

[0059] In some embodiments, the coating structure can be multiple interconnected segmented membranes located on the battery cells, and the size of the segmented membranes can be set according to requirements.

[0060] In some embodiments, the coating structure may be a plurality of separate and alternately arranged first segmented films and second segmented films, both of which are located on the surface of the battery cell, with the first segmented film located on the connecting member and the second segmented film located in the gap between the connecting members.

[0061] The coating structure can be a film with high light transmittance, such as UV-transmitting ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film, polyethylene octene copolymer elastomer (POE) film, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, or polyvinyl butyral film (PVB) film.

[0062] In some embodiments, the coating structure 120 may also be an EP film, an EPE film, or a PVP film. Specifically, an EP film refers to a co-extruded film composed of stacked EVA and POE films; an EPE film refers to a co-extruded film formed by sequentially stacking EVA, POE, and EVA films; and a PVP film refers to a co-extruded film formed by stacking POE, EVA, and POE films. The co-extruded film can be prepared by sequentially extruding one or more raw materials onto another pre-made film during film processing, or by bonding different types of pre-made films together.

[0063] refer to Figure 6 The coating structure can be a single-layer film, that is, a single-layer film formed by one or more of the above materials through a co-extrusion rolling process.

[0064] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of one type of coating structure. In other embodiments, refer to... Figure 7 The coating structure 120 can also be a stacked structure. Specifically, the coating structure 120 includes at least a first coating 121 and a second coating 122 stacked together. The first coating 121 is located between the battery cell and the second coating 122, and the materials of the first coating 121 and the second coating 122 are different.

[0065] Both the first coating 121 and the second coating 122 have high light transmittance. The first coating 121 has strong adhesion after pre-fixation treatment, while the second coating 122 is an isolating film. Due to the different materials of the first coating 121 and the second coating 122, while ensuring that the first coating 121 fixes the connecting component 110 to the battery cell, the second coating 122 has strong encapsulation or isolation properties to prevent the battery cell from being corroded by external moisture.

[0066] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module after pre-fixation treatment. Figure 9 for Figure 8 Cross-sectional view along section A1-A2, see reference. Figure 8 and Figure 9 The battery string 1 is pre-fixed to enhance the adhesion of a portion 101 of the coating structure, thereby allowing the coating structure 120 of that portion 101 to adhere to the battery cell 10 and fixing the connecting component 110 to the battery cell 10. This prevents the connecting component 110 from moving significantly and thus avoids the problem of poor soldering.

[0067] It should be noted that the "partial area" can be any area of ​​the coated structure. This area allows the connecting components to be fixed to the solar cell, preventing significant movement or displacement. This area can be as follows: Figure 8 As shown, located directly above the connecting component, the adhesive properties of the coating structure in this area adhere the connecting component to the battery cell. In other embodiments, the portion includes two positioning areas arranged along the direction of the connecting component's arrangement. These two positioning areas can be located on opposite sides of the coating structure facing the connecting component, either directly opposite or staggered within a predetermined range. The positional relationship between the two positioning areas ensures that the clamping force formed by the two positioning areas abuts the coating structure between the two positioning areas against the connecting component, and the connecting component abuts against the battery cell, without significant movement or displacement of the connecting component.

[0068] In some embodiments, the pre-curing treatment may be a heat treatment or a UV curing treatment. The heat treatment may be an infrared light treatment or a heating plate treatment.

[0069] In some embodiments, the apparatus for pre-fixing treatment has a heating plate of a size corresponding to a portion of the area. In some embodiments, prior to pre-fixing treatment, a mask is placed above the battery string, exposing the portion of the area to be treated.

[0070] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7As shown, the coating structure 120 includes a first coating 121 and a second coating 122. The pre-fixing treatment is used to melt and solidify the first coating to fix the first coating, the connecting component 110 and the battery cell together. The fluidity of the first coating after the pre-fixing treatment is less than that of the second coating after the pre-fixing treatment, and the adhesion of the first coating is greater than that of the second coating. Thus, based on the adhesion of the first coating itself, the connecting component 110 is fixed to the battery cell. The low fluidity of the first coating also makes it less prone to flow, thereby not affecting the connection performance between the battery cell and the connecting component 110.

[0071] The pre-fixing process is used to melt and solidify the first coating. This can be either the entire first coating being melted and solidified, or a portion of the first coating being melted and solidified. A portion of the first coating can correspond to a portion of the coating structure, i.e., it is located above the connecting component or on both sides of the connecting component.

[0072] In some embodiments, the first and second coatings are made of the same material. In the subsequent pretreatment, the crosslinking degree of the first coating is greater than that of the second coating. After lamination, the first and second coatings are fused together. At least the first and second coatings in the encapsulation layer do not have interfacial states between materials or hybridization between molecules. Thus, the performance of the encapsulation layer after lamination is more stable and uniform, thereby effectively isolating moisture.

[0073] It should be noted that the embodiments of this application do not limit the degree of crosslinking of the first coating and the second coating, the first coating after pre-curing treatment and the second coating, as long as the degree of crosslinking of the first coating after pre-curing treatment is greater than the degree of crosslinking of the second coating after pre-curing treatment.

[0074] In some embodiments, the process steps of providing the battery string and the pre-fixing treatment may include: providing a plurality of battery cells, connecting components, and a coating structure, wherein the connecting component includes a connected first part and a second part, and a first part and a corresponding coating structure are disposed on the surface of one battery cell; performing a first pre-fixing treatment on the battery cell to fix the first part, the coating structure, and the battery cell together; disposing a second part and a corresponding other coating structure on the surface of another adjacent battery cell; and performing a second pre-fixing treatment to fix the second part, the corresponding other coating structure, and another battery cell together. By setting the coating structure on each battery cell in steps and pre-curing the coating structure on each battery cell, the accuracy of the heating area of ​​the coating structure on the battery cell can be improved, thereby avoiding the problem of misalignment of the connecting components and effectively improving the yield of photovoltaic modules.

[0075] The methods for the first and second pre-fixation treatments can be referred to the aforementioned pre-fixation treatment methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0076] In other embodiments, the process steps for providing the battery string may also include: (Refer to...) Figure 3 Provides multiple solar cells arranged sequentially along a first direction; continue to refer to Figure 3 Place the connecting components, which are located between two adjacent battery cells; Reference Figure 5 The coating structure is placed, corresponding one-to-one with the solar cells, and is located on the surface of the solar cells and connecting components. After arranging the solar cells and connecting components, the coating structure is placed as a whole, and all areas requiring heat treatment are pre-cured, thereby saving work time and improving work efficiency.

[0077] In some embodiments, reference Figure 10 The solar cell includes grid lines. After pre-fixation, the process further includes welding the cell string 1 to form an alloy contact between the connecting components and the grid lines. The pre-curing process can be a pre-treatment before welding. The pre-curing process first heats a portion of the coated structure, allowing this portion of the coated structure to fix the connecting components to the solar cell. Furthermore, the pre-curing temperature also simultaneously heats the connecting components, ensuring a more thorough melting of the weld layer in the subsequent welding process, thereby achieving an alloy contact between the weld layer and the grid lines.

[0078] In some embodiments, the welding process may be omitted, and alloyed contact between the connecting component 110 and the grid line may be achieved during the lamination process.

[0079] Figure 11 This is a top view of the method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application, showing the placement of the second cover plate. Figure 12 for Figure 11 A sectional view along B1-B2. Figure 13 for Figure 11 A cross-sectional view of two adjacent battery cells in the corresponding steps. Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view between two adjacent solar cells during the lamination process in the photovoltaic module manufacturing method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 14 It can be Figure 13 The cross-sectional view of the corresponding structure after lamination. Figure 15 This is another cross-sectional view between two adjacent cells in the lamination process of the photovoltaic module manufacturing method provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 15 It can be Figure 12 The cross-sectional view of the corresponding structure after lamination.

[0080] It should be noted that, Figure 11 The second cover plate should be included in the top view of the photovoltaic module or the surface of the filler strip, but the second cover plate is not shown in the top view of the photovoltaic module or the second cover plate is removed in order to illustrate the location of the filler strip under the second cover plate.

[0081] refer to Figure 11 as well as Figure 12 The preparation method includes: providing a first cover plate 141 and placing the battery string 1 on the first cover plate 141, with the coating structure 120 located between the battery cell and the first cover plate 141.

[0082] In some embodiments, the first cover plate is a glass cover plate, a plastic cover plate, or other cover plate with light-transmitting function.

[0083] In the case of a double-sided solar cell, the front side receives incident light, and the back side receives reflected light. The main function of the cover plate is to prevent damage to the solar cell string 1 and to ensure that the solar cell has good photoelectric conversion efficiency. In this embodiment, the first cover plate is used as the front cover plate, and the second cover plate in the subsequent steps is used as the back cover plate as an example. The coating structure 120 located between the first cover plate 141 and the solar cell is the front coating structure, and the coating structure 120 located between the second cover plate 142 and the solar cell is the back coating structure.

[0084] Continue to refer to Figure 11 as well as Figure 12 The preparation method includes: placing a filler strip 130, the filler strip 130 being located on the first cover plate 141 and the filler strip 130 being located around the battery string 1.

[0085] In some embodiments, the filler strip 130 has good encapsulation performance, including isolation properties, which are used to isolate moisture and improve the module efficiency of the photovoltaic module. The filler strip 130 can be a white photovoltaic film or a black photovoltaic film. By using white or black fillers to reflect incident light between the cells, the light absorption rate of the cells is increased, thereby improving the module power.

[0086] In some embodiments, the width of the filler strip between the battery strings is 5mm to 10mm and the length is 2230mm to 2250mm. The filler strip around the photovoltaic module is divided into a long-side sealing film and a short-side sealing film. The width of the long-side sealing film is 12mm to 20mm and the length is the long side dimension of the cover plate. The width of the short-side sealing film is 20mm to 40mm and the length is the short side dimension of the cover plate.

[0087] The material of the coating structure 120 can be different from that of the filler strip 130; the light transmittance of the coating structure 120 is greater than that of the filler strip 130. For the coating structure 120, the high light transmittance can improve the light absorption rate, thereby improving the light utilization rate. As for the filler strip 130, it has low light transmittance and high refractive index and reflectivity, which allows light located at the cell gap 103, cell string gap 104, or the four edges of the cover plate to be reflected back onto the cell 10, thereby improving the module efficiency.

[0088] In some embodiments, the minimum torque of the vulcanization curve of the coating structure 120 is greater than the minimum torque of the vulcanization curve of the filler strip 130.

[0089] In some embodiments, reference Figure 13 The adjacent battery cells 10 are spaced apart; in the step of placing the filler strip, the filler strip 130 is also placed between the adjacent battery cells 10, that is, the filler strip 130 is also located in the battery gap 103. The filler strip 130 in the battery gap 103 is used to fill the battery gap 103 in the subsequent lamination process and to encapsulate the connecting parts located in the battery gap 103.

[0090] The filler strip 130 located in the battery gap 103 and the filler strip 130 located around the battery string are made of the same adhesive film, i.e., the same material. Regarding the thickness, those skilled in the art can adjust it according to actual needs; for example, the thickness can be the same. The filler strip 130 around the battery string covers the corresponding connecting parts and the busbars used to connect the battery strings; the filler strip in the battery gap covers the surface of the connecting parts.

[0091] The gap between the filler strip 130 located in the battery gap and the coating structure 120 is less than or equal to 20um. The contact between the filler strip and the coating structure can be achieved based on the fluidity of the filler strip and the coating structure when they are in a molten state during the subsequent lamination process.

[0092] Continue to refer to Figure 11 and Figure 12 The preparation method further includes: providing a second cover plate 142, which is located on the corresponding coating structure 120 and the filling strip 130.

[0093] In some embodiments, the second cover plate 142 can be a glass cover plate, a plastic cover plate, or other cover plate with light transmission function.

[0094] Both the first cover plate 141 and the second cover plate 142 can be selected from cover plates with good light transmittance and reliability. For example, both the first cover plate 141 and the second cover plate 142 can be made of tempered glass with high transparency and high strength. By using two layers of tempered glass as the first cover plate 141 and the second cover plate 142 respectively, a double-glass module can be constructed, which can further improve the light transmittance and power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0095] In addition, in order to improve the utilization rate of incident light irradiating the photovoltaic module, during the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic module, the surface of the first cover plate 141 and / or the second cover plate 142 facing the battery string 1 can be texturized in advance, so that the surface of the first cover plate 141 and / or the second cover plate 142 facing the battery string 1 is changed to an uneven surface or a textured surface containing multiple raised structures.

[0096] It should be noted that the order of placing the filler strip and the second cover plate is as follows: the filler strip is placed first, and then the second cover plate is placed. In some other embodiments, the filler strip can be placed on the second cover plate first, and then the second cover plate containing the filler strip can be placed over the battery string.

[0097] Reference Figures 12 to 15 After placing the filler strip 130, the process further includes: performing a lamination process, which is at least used to bring the filler strip and the film structure into a molten state and solidify them as the encapsulation layer 13.

[0098] In this step, the filler strip 130 located in the cell gap completely fills the gap, preventing moisture from corroding the connecting components and grid structure through the gap. Secondly, the filler strip has good reflectivity, reflecting or refracting light projected onto the cell gap back onto the cell, thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell.

[0099] in, Figure 14 and Figure 15 The encapsulation layer in the diagram does not show the filler strip and the coating structure. The molten filler strip and the molten coating structure may be inter-fused or migrated. Therefore, the final encapsulation layer does not show the boundary between the filler strip and the coating structure, nor their specific morphological structures.

[0100] In some embodiments, the lamination process parameters include a lamination temperature of 120°C to 160°C, a vacuuming time of 2 min to 15 min, and a lamination time of 9 min to 20 min. The filler strip and the coating structure are independent of each other, i.e., there is a gap between them, which helps to expel residual gas during the vacuuming process, thereby shortening the vacuuming time and avoiding the problem of air bubbles in the encapsulation layer.

[0101] Figure 16 for Figure 11Another cross-sectional view of two adjacent battery cells in the corresponding steps. Figure 14 It can be Figure 16 The corresponding structure is a cross-sectional view after lamination. In other embodiments, referencing... Figures 14 to 16 After placing the filler strip, the process includes lamination to molten the filler strip and the coating structure, which then solidifies into an encapsulation layer. The lamination process also allows the molten coating structure to flow between adjacent solar cells, ensuring the encapsulation layer fills the gaps between them. In other words, no filler strip is placed within the cell gaps; the coating structure fills these gaps during lamination, effectively filling the spaces between adjacent cells. This eliminates the need for aligning the cell gaps with the filler strip and reduces the manufacturing cost of the filler film within the cell gaps.

[0102] In some embodiments, the lamination process parameters include a lamination temperature of 120°C to 160°C, a vacuuming time of 2 min to 13 min, and a lamination time of 9 min to 24 min. Since no filler strip is provided in the gap between the cells, it helps to remove air, thereby shortening the vacuuming time. Extending the lamination time allows the coating structure to fill the gap between the cells, avoiding corrosion and fragmentation caused by the unencapsulated cells.

[0103] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application will be further illustrated below with reference to examples and comparative examples.

[0104] Example 1: The front coating structure has a basis weight of 320g and the size of the front coating structure is the same as the size of the battery cell; the back coating structure has a basis weight of 315g and the size of the back coating structure is smaller than the size of the battery cell; the filler strip is located between the battery strings and not between the battery cells, and the total basis weight of the filler film is 20g.

[0105] Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that the weight of the front coating structure is 315g, and the size of the front coating structure is smaller than the size of the battery cell.

[0106] Example 3: The difference from Example 1 is that the weight of the back coating structure is 320g, and the size of the back coating structure is the same as the size of the battery cell.

[0107] Example 4: The difference from Example 1 is that the weight of the front-coated structure is 380g and the weight of the back-coated structure is 375g.

[0108] Example 5: The difference from Example 1 is that the filler strip is located between the battery cells. The total weight of the filler film is 15g.

[0109] Blank example: A photovoltaic module includes a cell string. After the cell string is fabricated and connected, it undergoes welding. A front encapsulant film and a back encapsulant film are then applied. The front encapsulant film covers the front of the cells, and the back encapsulant film covers the back of the cells. That is, it does not include low-weight encapsulant films; it only has a front encapsulant film and a back encapsulant film. The basis weight of both the front and back encapsulant films is 360g.

[0110] Comparative Example 1: The front side includes a low-weight adhesive film with a total basis weight of 80g. The adhesive film covers each cell in the battery string and the gaps between the cells. The basis weight of the front adhesive film is 320g. The back side also has a low-weight adhesive film with a total basis weight of 80g. The adhesive film covers each cell in the battery string and the gaps between the cells. The basis weight of the front adhesive film is 320g. The front adhesive film is a high-transmittance adhesive film, and the back adhesive film is a good encapsulation film.

[0111] Comparative Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that the material of the filling strip is the same as the material of the coating structure, and both are high light transmittance films.

[0112] Comparative Example 3: The difference from Comparative Example 2 is that the materials of the filling strip and the coating structure are both adhesive films with good encapsulation performance.

[0113] The manufacturing cost, yield, and electrical performance of the photovoltaic modules formed in the above embodiments and comparative examples were tested and summarized in Table 1.

[0114] Table 1

[0115]

[0116] The data from Examples 1-4 in Table 1 show that increasing the basis weight of the coating structure does not significantly change the yield or photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module; instead, it increases the manufacturing cost. The data from Examples 1 and 5 in Table 1 show that whether the filler strip is located between the cells does not significantly affect the yield of the photovoltaic module, but it does affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cells. This is due to the waste of incident light between the cells. The data from Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 in Table 1 show that the photovoltaic module with this solution can reduce manufacturing costs while maintaining photoelectric conversion efficiency and yield. The data from Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 in Table 1 show that using a single material without considering the specific function of the film based on its location may affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency and yield.

[0117] In the photovoltaic module manufacturing method provided in this application embodiment, a coating structure is placed on each cell, and then the coating structure is pre-fixed to fix the coating structure and connecting parts near the cell to the cell. This can prevent the connecting parts from moving in subsequent steps and avoid welding problems. Next, a filler strip and a cover plate are laid. The filler strip is located around the cell string, and the cover plate is located on the coating structure and the filler strip. That is, the filler strip is not set on the coating structure. The filler strip and the coating structure are independent of each other, so that the filler strip and the coating structure can match and select materials based on the characteristics required by their respective positions to improve the performance of the formed photovoltaic module. For example, the coating structure can be made of a material with high light transmittance, while the filler strip can be made of a material with high fluidity and easy encapsulation, thereby meeting the requirements of high light transmittance and encapsulation effect. Furthermore, each coated structure corresponds to one solar cell, and multiple connecting components on a solar cell correspond to this coated structure. Thus, the coated structure is not located outside the solar cell area. During the pre-fixation process of the solar cell string, the gas between the coated structure and the solar cell can be gradually pushed out of the solar cell area by compressing the gap between them. Secondly, before lamination, the coated structure and the filler strip are independent, meaning there is a gap between them. During lamination, the molten coated structure and the filler strip flow, pushing out air between the solar cell and the coated structure, as well as between the filler strip and the coated structure, through this gap. Compared to the existing technology of a single sheet of adhesive film, this shortens the displacement of air movement, allowing for rapid and effective air removal and improving the yield of photovoltaic modules.

[0118] Accordingly, according to some embodiments of this application, another aspect of the embodiments of this application also provides a photovoltaic module, which is prepared by the photovoltaic module preparation method as described in any of the above embodiments. The same or corresponding technical features as those in the above embodiments will not be described in detail here.

[0119] refer to Figure 11 , Figure 14 and Figure 15 The photovoltaic module includes: a battery string 1, which includes: a plurality of battery cells 10 arranged sequentially along a first direction; a connecting component 110 located on two adjacent battery cells 10; an encapsulation layer 13 located on the surface of the battery string 1 and around the battery string 1; the encapsulation layer 13 is composed of a film structure and a filler strip; a first cover plate 141 and a second cover plate 142, which are respectively located on the side of the encapsulation layer 13 away from the battery string 1.

[0120] In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer 13 includes two parts: the first part is a film structure located on the battery cell, and the second part is a filler strip located around the battery string. The film structure and the filler strip have different functional settings. The film structure located on the battery cell is made of a material with high light transmittance, while the filler strip located around the battery string is made of a material with high fluidity and easy to encapsulate, thereby meeting the requirements of high light transmittance and encapsulation effect.

[0121] The solar cells are spaced apart, with gaps between adjacent cells. In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer corresponding to the cell gap is a film structure. In other embodiments, the encapsulation layer corresponding to the cell gap is a filler strip. Due to the low light transmittance of the filler strip, light projected onto the cell gap can be re-emitted or refracted back onto the solar cell, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell.

[0122] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific examples of implementing this application, and in practical applications, various changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of this application; therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: A battery string is provided, the battery string comprising: a plurality of battery cells arranged sequentially along a first direction; a connecting member located on two adjacent battery cells; a plurality of coating structures corresponding one-to-one with the battery cells, and the coating structures located on the battery cells and the surface of the connecting member; the coating structure comprises at least a first coating and a second coating stacked together, the first coating being located between the battery cells and the second coating, the material of the first coating being different from the material of the second coating; The battery string is pre-fixed, wherein a portion of the coating structure is melted and solidified to fix the coating structure, the connecting component, and the battery cell close to the battery cell; the pre-fixing process is also used to melt and solidify the first coating to fix the first coating, the connecting component, and the battery cell, and the fluidity of the first coating after the pre-fixing process is less than the fluidity of the second coating after the pre-fixing process. Place a filler strip and a cover plate, with the filler strip located around the battery string; A second cover plate is provided, which is located on the corresponding coating structure and the filler strip.

2. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjacent battery cells are spaced apart; in the step of placing the filler strip, the filler strip is also placed between the adjacent battery cells; after placing the filler strip, the process further includes: performing a lamination process, the lamination process being used at least to make the filler strip and the coating structure molten and solidify as an encapsulation layer.

3. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjacent battery cells are spaced apart, and after the filler strip is placed, a lamination process is performed to make the filler strip and the coating structure molten and solidify as an encapsulation layer; the lamination process is also used to make the molten coating structure flow between the adjacent battery cells so that the formed encapsulation layer also fills the gap between the adjacent battery cells.

4. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The parameters for the lamination process include a lamination temperature of 120℃~160℃, a vacuuming time of 2min~15min, and a lamination time of 9min~20min.

5. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process steps for providing the battery string and the pre-fixation treatment include: The system provides multiple battery cells, connecting components, and a coating structure, wherein the connecting components include a first part and a second part connected together; The first portion and a corresponding coating structure are disposed on the surface of one of the battery cells; The battery cell undergoes a first pre-fixing process, which is used to fix the first part, the corresponding coating structure, and the battery cell together. The second part and the corresponding other coating structure are provided on the surface of another adjacent battery cell; A second pre-fixing process is performed to fix the second part, the corresponding coating structure, and another battery cell.

6. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process steps for providing the battery string include: providing a plurality of battery cells arranged sequentially along a first direction; placing the connecting component, the connecting component being located between two adjacent battery cells; and placing a plurality of coating structures, the coating structures corresponding one-to-one with the battery cells, and the coating structures being located on the battery cells and the surface of the connecting component.

7. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the coating structure is different from the material of the filler strip; the light transmittance of the coating structure is greater than that of the filler strip, and / or, the minimum torque of the vulcanization curve of the coating structure is greater than that of the filler strip.

8. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery cell includes grid lines; after the pre-fixing process, the process further includes welding the battery string to form an alloy contact between the connecting component and the grid lines.

9. A photovoltaic module, manufactured using the method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, include: A battery string, comprising: a plurality of battery cells arranged sequentially along a first direction; and a connecting component located on two adjacent battery cells; An encapsulation layer is located on the surface of the battery string and around the battery string; the encapsulation layer is composed of the film structure and the filler strip; the film structure includes at least a first film and a second film stacked together, the first film being located between the battery cell and the second film, and the material of the first film being different from the material of the second film; A first cover plate and a second cover plate are respectively located on the side of the encapsulation layer away from the battery string.

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