Intelligentized seed pneumatic conveying characteristic test platform

Abstract

The application relates to the field of intelligent control seeding test in modern agriculture, and discloses an intelligent seed pneumatic conveying characteristic test platform, which comprises a rack, a centralized seed sowing device, a pneumatic pipeline conveying device, a uniform seed distributing device, a movable mounting bracket and a PLC control system. The centralized seed sowing device comprises a centralized seed sowing wheel, and the centralized seed sowing wheel comprises a plurality of seed sowing rings. The uniform seed distributing device comprises a uniform seed distributing device support, a second seed distributing pipe, a pressure sensor, an annular grating sensor, various seed distributing channels, a weighing sensor and a uniform seed distributor. The PLC control system is connected with the sensor. The pneumatic live seeding and the uniform minute test can be carried out, and the pneumatic live seeding technology and the uniform seed distributing technology are provided with reference for research.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent control seeding machinery testing in modern agriculture, specifically an intelligent seed pneumatic conveying characteristic testing platform. Background Technology

[0002] The intelligent seed pneumatic conveying characteristic test platform can be used for sowing experiments, employing pneumatic direct seeding technology and uniform seeding technology. The results of the experiments can provide a reference for research on pneumatic direct seeding technology and uniform seeding technology.

[0003] my country is a major agricultural country in the world, but the production efficiency of crops such as rice, wheat, and rapeseed is not high, and the yield cannot meet actual demand. Most of the seeding machinery developed in my country uses traditional mechanical seeding, which cannot meet the needs of sowing various crop seeds and has poor seed adaptability. Pneumatic seeding technology can make up for the shortcomings of traditional seeding technology. According to a study, direct seeding using pneumatic seeding technology can increase crop yields in my country by 68%, but research on pneumatic direct seeding technology in my country is relatively recent and has not yet been widely applied to seeding machinery. Uniform seeding technology can achieve a uniform distribution of crop planting density, reduce the impact of weeds on crop growth, and improve land use efficiency and crop yield. Therefore, research on uniform seeding technology is also very necessary.

[0004] Therefore, a new technical solution is needed to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention discloses an intelligent seed pneumatic conveying characteristic testing platform, capable of conducting pneumatic direct seeding and uniform seeding tests, providing a reference for research on pneumatic direct seeding technology and uniform seeding technology.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: an intelligent seed pneumatic conveying characteristic test platform, including a frame, a centralized seed metering device, a pneumatic pipeline conveying device, a uniform seed distribution device, a mobile installation bracket, and a PLC control system. The centralized seed metering device includes a centralized seed metering wheel, which includes several seed metering rings. The uniform seed distribution device includes a uniform seed distribution device bracket, a second seed distribution tube, a pressure sensor, a ring grating sensor, various seed distribution channels, a weighing sensor, and a uniform seed distributor. The PLC control system is connected to the sensors.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, multi-crop sowing experiments can be carried out to obtain the reference range of uniform sowing parameters for seeders or material conveying devices, providing basic data for the intelligent structural design of sowers. Preferably, the centralized seed metering device includes an inoculation chamber, a segmented modular centralized seed meterer, a servo motor, and a seed guide tube. The inoculation chamber is located above the segmented modular centralized seed meterer, and the seed guide tube is located at the bottom of the segmented modular centralized seed meterer. The segmented modular centralized seed meterer includes an internal cavity structure, a bearing seat, a hexagonal bushing, a pulley, a long hexagonal shaft, a short hexagonal shaft, a bearing, and a seed metering wheel end cap. The internal cavity structure includes a seed box, a support plate, a seed baffle plate, a connecting plate, and a seed inlet. A centralized seed metering wheel is provided inside the internal cavity structure.

[0008] Preferably, one end of the long hexagonal shaft is connected to the first bearing seat through a hexagonal bushing, and the other end passes through the seeding ring of the centralized seed metering wheel and connects to one end of the short hexagonal shaft. The connection point is fixed in the second bearing seat. The other end of the short hexagonal shaft is connected to the third bearing seat through a hexagonal bushing. Both bearing seats are fixed on the frame. The short hexagonal shaft is driven by an external servo motor, which drives the long hexagonal shaft and the centralized seed metering wheel to rotate. The upper part of the seed box is connected to the upper inoculation chamber via a connecting plate, and the bottom is provided with a seed inlet, which is connected to the lower seed guide tube via a metal buckle; the support plate and the seed baffle plate are both connected to the connecting plate. The support plate is located on the right side of the centralized seed metering wheel, and the lower half is arc-shaped, fitting against the outer surface of the centralized seed metering wheel. A brush is fixed on the seed baffle plate, and there is a gap between the bottom of the brush and the centralized seed metering wheel. By adopting the above technical solution, the support plate can effectively prevent the seed flow from falling directly into the lower seed guide tube, so that it falls into the upper surface of the centralized seed metering wheel for seeding. The brush can block excess seeds outside the seed metering hole from entering the lower seed guide tube, so that the centralized seed metering wheel can perform stable seeding. Through the coordinated movement of the internal cavity structure and the centralized seed metering wheel, a centralized one-to-many row large seeding capacity seeding structure can be realized. The centralized seed metering wheel is modularly combined from several seed metering rings. The outer surface of the seed metering ring is cylindrical and has inwardly recessed main holes, ridges, and hexagonal holes penetrating the center. The positions of the main holes between adjacent seed metering rings are staggered, and the angle sequence is randomly combined. The main holes are arranged in a circumferential array on the outer surface of the seed metering ring. The main holes are of arbitrary shape, with open slots on both sides. The edge of the main hole is tangent to the outer surface of the seed metering ring, and ridges are formed between adjacent edge lines of the main holes. The hexagonal holes are matched with hexagonal shafts.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the centralized seed metering wheel adopts a segmented modular structure design. The modules can be switched and combined for assembly. Furthermore, by changing the main hole structure of the seed metering ring, it can be combined into any type of hole-type seed metering wheel. The hole size is selectable, and the seeding rate is adjustable in multiple levels.

[0010] Preferably, the pneumatic pipeline conveying device includes a high-pressure blower pneumatic pipeline conveying pipe and a throttle valve; The high-pressure blower is fixed to one end of the bottom of the frame and is hydraulically driven. The middle of the pneumatic pipeline conveying device is equipped with a seed guide pipe. The seed guide pipe is connected in the form of a T-shaped pipe. The T-shaped pipe connection is fixed on the frame. The high-pressure blower is connected to the throttle valve, the seed guide pipe of the centralized seeding device, and the seed distribution device conveying pipe in sequence through the pneumatic pipeline conveying device. All pipe connections are fastened with metal clips. The two ends of the throttle valve are connected to the conveying pipe of the pneumatic pipeline conveying device through the throttle valve connecting flange. An electromagnetic coil is provided at the upper end of the throttle valve. A wind speed sensor and a wind pressure sensor are provided next to the throttle valve. The throttle valve connecting flange is connected to the conveying pipe of the pneumatic pipeline conveying device through a metal clip.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, when the centralized seed metering device discharges the seed stream in an orderly and sufficient manner, the high-pressure blower operation button is clicked on the control panel. At this time, the high-pressure blower blows air to blow the seeds in the pipeline to the uniform seed distribution device. Through pneumatic direct seeding, it has good seed adaptability and can meet the sowing needs of rice, rapeseed and wheat, etc.

[0012] Preferably, the uniform seeding device is supported by a uniform seeding device bracket, which includes a uniform seeding device conveying pipe, a uniform seeding device connecting flange, and a metal disc. The uniform seeding device connecting flange connects the uniform seeding device's conveying pipe to the pneumatic pipeline conveying device below. The metal disk has a central hole, a first mounting alignment hole, and a second mounting alignment hole. The first mounting alignment hole is located on the surface at one-third of the distance from the edge of the disk, and the second mounting alignment hole is located on the surface near the edge. Both the first and second mounting alignment holes are arranged in a circular array on the surface of the disk.

[0013] Preferably, the uniform seeder mainly includes a seeding outer cover, a seeding inner cover, a seeding disc, and a first seeding tube; The seeding disc has a center hole, a first threaded hole, a first mounting alignment hole a, and a second threaded hole. The first threaded hole is located on the surface at one-third of the distance from the center of the seeding disc, the second threaded hole is located on the surface at one-third of the distance from the edge of the seeding disc, and the first mounting alignment hole a is located on the surface at the middle position between the first threaded hole and the second threaded hole. The first threaded hole, the second threaded hole, and the first mounting alignment hole a are all arranged in a circular array on the surface of the seeding disc.

[0014] Preferably, the inner seeding cover is fixed to the seeding disc through the first threaded hole, and the center hole of the inner seeding cover is aligned with the center hole of the seeding disc. The inner seeding cover is smaller than the outer seeding cover. The outer seeding cover is fixed to the seeding disc through the second threaded hole. The first seeding tube is connected to the seeding disc below the seeding disc through the first mounting alignment hole a. The upper interface of the second seeding tube is connected to the first seeding tube of the uniform seeder. The middle tube penetrates the first mounting and alignment hole of the metal disc. The lower interface is located directly above each seeding channel. Each second seeding tube is matched with each seeding channel.

[0015] Preferably, the pressure sensor is connected to the first seeding tube of the uniform seeder via a thread to detect the pressure inside the tube. The annular grating sensor is fixed on the metal disc via the second mounting alignment hole. The large circular hole of the annular grating sensor is fitted around the second seeding tube to detect blockage inside the tube. The weighing sensor is placed below the seeding channel to detect the pressure inside the seeding channel. All of the above sensors send data to the control system in real time. The outer surface of the sorting channel is cylindrical with a hollow center. Small holes are arranged sequentially on the cylindrical surface, and the diameter of the holes is adjustable. The sorting channel is fixed to the sorting channel bracket by threads.

[0016] By employing the above technical solution, when the seed stream is blown into the uniform seed distributor, the densely packed seed stream is evenly dispersed by each of the first seeding tubes and flows into the seeding channel below. The surface of the seeding channel is covered with numerous small holes, the actual shape and size of which can be adjusted according to the shape and size of the seeds. Seeds falling into the seeding channel will flow out through these small holes. This embodiment, through the cooperation of the seeding tubes and the seeding channel, ensures that the originally densely packed seed stream is evenly dispersed, preventing the seeds from becoming too densely packed after entering the soil.

[0017] Preferably, the movable mounting bracket includes a first guide rail, a second guide rail, a first slider, a second slider, a first movable plate, a second movable plate, and a bracket; The first guide rail is installed on the support above the uniform seeding device on the test platform. The first slider is matched with the first guide rail, and the first moving plate is fixed on the first slider. The first guide rail, the first slider, and the first moving plate constitute a left-right movement mechanism. The second guide rail is fixed to the first movable plate and is perpendicular to the first guide rail in space. The second slider is matched with the second guide rail, and the second movable plate is fixed on the second slider. The second guide rail, the second slider, and the second movable plate constitute a forward and backward movement mechanism, and the bracket is vertically fixed to the second movable plate.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, a second uniform seeding device can be installed on the movable mounting bracket. The number of seeding channels and the spacing between the seeding channels of the second uniform seeding device can be adjusted according to experimental requirements, which differs from the number of seeding channels and the spacing between the seeding channels of the uniform seeding device. This embodiment conducts a comparative experiment between the uniform seeding device and the second uniform seeding device to analyze the seeding effect under different conditions.

[0019] Preferably, the PLC control system includes a control panel, a controller, a control cabinet, and a three-color indicator light. The PLC control system is connected to the servo motor of the centralized seeding device, the high-pressure blower of the pneumatic pipeline conveying device, the three-color indicator light, and sensors of various parts through circuits. The control panel interface is connected to the controller. The controller controls the system operation, the high-pressure blower, the servo motor, and the throttle valve, and at the same time reflects the status of each component in real time through the sensor data of various parts.

[0020] The advantages of this invention are as follows: 1. The centralized seed metering device of this invention adopts a centralized seed metering wheel assembly with multiple types of holes. By changing different types of seed metering rings and changing the type of holes of the seed metering rings inside the centralized seed metering wheel, it is possible to meet the sowing needs of different crop seeds and the needs of multi-level seeding. Compared with traditional seeders, this experimental platform has a lower idle rate.

[0021] 2. The uniform seeding device of this invention adopts a closed cavity structure of a uniform seeder combined with several seeding tubes to evenly disperse dense seed streams; and a seeding channel is provided below the seeding tubes for secondary seed dispersion. This greatly improves the uniformity of seeding. Furthermore, a movable mounting bracket is provided to install a second uniform seeder to meet the requirements of high-volume seeding.

[0022] 3. As an experimental platform, this invention can record experimental data during the experiment and compare it with the expected results. Then, it can propose an improvement scheme for the internal structure of the experimental platform. At the same time, it can provide a reference for the uniformity design of seeders and the research of pneumatic direct seeding technology.

[0023] 4. This invention compares the actual conditions measured by sensors, such as wind speed and wind pressure, with those obtained by the actual controller. This allows us to determine the data receiving capability of the control system and the coordination between sensors. By adjusting sensor sensitivity, optimizing circuit design, and performing calibration and debugging, the coordination between sensors can be improved, ultimately leading to its successful application in seeders. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a general structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of the centralized seeding device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the structure of the centralized seed metering device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the support plate in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a throttle valve structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of the uniform seeding device of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the connecting flange in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a uniform seeder structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a movable mounting bracket structure according to a specific embodiment of the invention; Figure 10 This is a test diagram of the seeding ring equiaxed according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fast switching device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is an isometric test diagram of a hollow hexagonal shaft according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 This is an isometric test diagram of a metal disk according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 This is an isometric test diagram of a seeding disc according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 This is an isometric test diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention, showing the different channels. Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the three-way pipe connection structure of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a simplified diagram of the seeding principle of the experimental platform of the present invention; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the control process of the test platform of the present invention.

[0025] Wherein: 1-Frame; 2-High-pressure blower; 3-Pneumatic pipeline conveying device conveying pipe; 301-Seed guide pipe; 302-Metal buckle; 303-Uniform seeding device conveying pipe; 4-Throttle valve; 401-Throttle valve solenoid coil; 402-Throttle valve connecting flange; 403-Wind pressure sensor; 404-Wind speed sensor; 5-Control cabinet; 6-Uniform seeding device; 601-Metal disc; 602-Second seeding pipe; 603-Seedling channel; 604-Weighing sensor; 605 - Uniform seeding device connecting flange; 606- Annular grating sensor; 607- Pressure sensor; 610- Second mounting alignment hole for metal disc; 611- First mounting alignment hole for metal disc; 612- Center hole for metal disc; 620- Seeding channel small hole; 7- Movable mounting bracket; 701- First guide rail; 702- First slider; 703- First moving plate; 704- Second guide rail; 705- Second slider; 706- Second moving plate; 707- Bracket; 8- Uniform seeder; 801-First seeding tube; 802-Seedling disc; 803-Inner seeding cover; 804-Outer seeding cover; 810-Second threaded hole; 811-Center hole; 812-First threaded hole; 813-First mounting alignment hole a; 9-Servo motor; 10-Centralized seed metering device; 101-Seed box; 102-Connecting plate; 103-Seed baffle plate; 104-Support plate; 105-Lower seeding port; 106-Long hexagonal shaft; 107-First bearing seat; 108-Hexagonal bushing; 109-Bearing; 1 10-End cover of the seed metering wheel; 111-Centralized seed metering wheel; 112-Second bearing seat; 113-Pulley; 114-Third bearing seat; 115-Short hexagonal shaft; 116-Brush; 120-Seed metering ring; 121-Hexagonal hole of seed metering ring; 122-Main hole of seed metering ring; 123-Ridge of seed metering ring hole; 130-Hexagonal bushing; 140-Seedling channel bracket; 141-Uniform seeding device bracket; 11-Inoculation chamber; 12-Three-color indicator light; 13-Control panel; 14-Frame plate. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] like Figure 1As shown, an intelligent seed pneumatic conveying characteristic test platform includes a frame 1, a centralized seed metering device, a pneumatic pipeline conveying device, a uniform seed distribution device, a mobile mounting bracket 7, and a PLC control system. The centralized seed metering device includes a centralized seed metering wheel comprising several seed metering rings 120. The uniform seed distribution device includes a uniform seed distribution device bracket, a second seed distribution tube 602, a pressure sensor 607, a ring grating sensor 606, various seed distribution channels 603, a weighing sensor 604, and a uniform seed distributor 8. The PLC control system is connected to the sensors, enabling multi-crop seed distribution experiments and obtaining reference ranges for uniform seed distribution parameters from seeders or material conveying devices, providing basic data for the intelligent structural design of the seed distributor. like Figure 2-3 As shown, the centralized seed metering device includes an inoculation chamber 11, a segmented modular centralized seed metering device 10, a servo motor 9, and a seed guide tube 301. The inoculation chamber 11 is located above the segmented modular centralized seed metering device 10, and the seed guide tube is located at the bottom of the segmented modular centralized seed metering device. The segmented modular centralized seed metering device includes an internal cavity structure, a bearing seat, a hexagonal bushing 108, a pulley 113, a long hexagonal shaft 106, a short hexagonal shaft 115, a bearing 109, and a seed metering wheel end cap 110. The internal cavity structure includes a seed box 101, a support plate 104, a seed baffle plate 103, a connecting plate 102, and a seed outlet 105. The internal cavity structure is equipped with a centralized seed metering wheel 111.

[0028] One end of the long hexagonal shaft 106 is connected to the first bearing seat 107 via a hexagonal bushing 108, and the other end passes through the seeding ring 120 of the centralized seeding wheel 111 and connects to one end of the short hexagonal shaft 115. The connection point is fixed inside the second bearing seat 112. The other end of the short hexagonal shaft 115 is connected to the third bearing seat 114 via a hexagonal bushing 108. Both bearing seats are fixed on the frame 1. The short hexagonal shaft 115 is driven by an external servo motor 9, which drives the long hexagonal shaft 106 and the centralized seeding wheel 111 to rotate. Figure 12 As shown, the centralized seed metering wheel 111 has hollow hexagonal shafts 130 at both ends. The seed metering rings 120 are connected together by the cooperation of the long hexagonal shaft 106 and the hollow hexagonal shaft 130, which can effectively reduce the pulsation of the centralized seed metering wheel 111. When replacing the seed metering ring 120, first loosen the set screw on the second bearing seat 112. At this time, the connection end of the short hexagonal shaft 115 and the long hexagonal shaft 106 can be separated. Then, loosen the screw on the end cover 110 of the trough wheel and remove the end cover 110 of the trough wheel. Finally, pull the long hexagonal shaft 106 towards the first bearing seat 107. At the same time, the centralized seed metering wheel 111 also comes out, and the seed metering ring 120 can be replaced. The quick switching device has few parts and is easy to install.

[0029] like Figure 4As shown, the upper part of the seed box 101 is connected to the upper inoculation chamber 11 via the connecting plate 102, and the bottom is provided with a seed inlet 105, which is connected to the lower seed guide tube 301 via a metal buckle 302; the support plate 104 and the seed baffle plate 103 are both connected to the connecting plate 102. The support plate 104 is located on the right side of the centralized seed metering wheel 111, and the lower half is arc-shaped and fits against the outer surface of the centralized seed metering wheel 111. A brush 116 is fixed on the seed baffle plate 103, and there is a gap between the bottom of the brush 116 and the centralized seed metering wheel 111. The support plate 104 can effectively prevent the seed flow from falling directly into the lower seed guide tube 301, so that it falls into the upper surface of the centralized seed metering wheel 111 for seed metering. The brush 116 can prevent excess seeds outside the seed metering hole 122 from entering the lower seed guide tube 301, so that the centralized seed metering wheel 111 can perform stable seed metering. Through the coordinated movement of the internal cavity structure and the centralized seed metering wheel 111, a centralized one-to-many row large seeding capacity metering structure can be realized. like Figure 10 As shown, the centralized seed metering wheel 111 is modularly combined from several seed metering rings 120. The outer surface of the seed metering ring 120 is cylindrical in shape and has an inwardly recessed main hole 122, a ridge 123, and a hexagonal hole 121 penetrating the center. The positions of the main holes 122 between adjacent seed metering rings 120 are staggered and the angle order is randomly combined. The main holes 122 are arranged in a circular array on the outer surface of the seed metering ring 120. The main holes 122 are of arbitrary shape, with open slots on both sides. The edge of the main hole 122 is tangent to the outer surface of the seed metering ring 120. Ridges 123 are formed between adjacent edge lines of the main holes 122. The hexagonal hole 121 is matched with a hexagonal shaft.

[0030] The seed metering rings 120 can be freely interchanged and combined, and the positions of the main holes 122 between the seed metering rings 120 are staggered, the hole size is selectable, and the angle order is randomly combined, which can meet the seeding needs of various crops and multi-level seeding requirements. Compared with traditional seeders, this experimental platform has a lower idle rate. The main hole structure of the seed metering ring 120 can be changed to round groove, square groove, hexagonal groove, etc., and combined into any form of hole-type seed metering wheel to meet the sowing needs of different crop seeds. like Figure 11 As shown, the centralized seed metering wheel 111 adopts a segmented modular structure design, and the modules can be switched and combined. Furthermore, by changing the main hole structure of the seed metering ring 120, it can be combined into any type of hole-type seed metering wheel. The hole size is selectable, and the seeding rate is adjustable in multiple levels.

[0031] After pouring the crop seeds into the inoculation chamber 11, click the start button on the control panel 13 to start the experimental platform system. Then click the servo motor 9 start button to start the servo motor 9 and drive the centralized seed metering wheel 111 to rotate through belt drive or chain drive. The dense stream of seeds will be orderly and quantitatively discharged into the seed guide tube 301 below. During the rotation of the centralized seed metering wheel 111, the seed baffle 103 can block the rapidly rotating seeds to prevent them from flying out.

[0032] like Figure 5 As shown, the pneumatic pipeline conveying device includes a high-pressure blower 2, a pneumatic pipeline conveying pipe 3, and a throttling valve 4. When the centralized seed metering device discharges the seed stream in an orderly and measured manner, the high-pressure blower operation button is clicked on the control panel 13. At this time, the high-pressure blower 2 blows air to direct the seeds in the pipeline to the uniform seed distribution device. This embodiment, through pneumatic direct seeding, has excellent seed adaptability and can meet the sowing needs of rice, rapeseed, wheat, etc. The high-pressure blower 2 is fixed at one end of the bottom of the frame and is driven by hydraulic pressure. like Figure 16 As shown, a seed guide pipe 301 is provided in the middle of the pneumatic pipeline conveying device conveying pipe 3. The connection of the seed guide pipe 301 is in the form of a tee pipe. The connection of the tee pipe is fixed on the frame 1. The high-pressure blower 2 is connected to the throttle valve 4, the centralized seeding device seed guide pipe 301, and the uniform seeding device conveying pipe 303 in sequence through the pneumatic pipeline conveying device conveying pipe 3. The pipes are fastened with metal clips 302 at the connection points. The two ends of the throttle valve 4 are connected to the conveying pipe 3 of the pneumatic pipeline conveying device through the throttle valve connecting flange 402. The upper end of the throttle valve 4 is equipped with an electromagnetic coil 401. The wind speed sensor 404 and the wind pressure sensor 403 are provided next to the throttle valve 4. The throttle valve connecting flange 402 is connected to the conveying pipe 3 of the pneumatic pipeline conveying device through the metal buckle 302.

[0033] The wind speed sensor 404 and the wind pressure sensor 403 can monitor the wind speed and wind pressure in the pipeline in real time and transmit the data to the control system in real time. When the wind speed in the pipeline is too high, the wind speed and wind pressure in the pipeline can be reduced by adjusting the throttle valve 4. When the wind speed in the pipeline is too low, the wind speed and wind pressure in the pipeline can also be increased by adjusting the throttle valve 4. The wind speed is positively correlated with the seed flow of the centralized seed metering device. like Figure 8 As shown, the uniform seeding device is supported by a uniform seeding device bracket 141, which includes a uniform seeding device conveying pipe 303, a uniform seeding device connecting flange 605, and a metal disc 601. like Figure 13-15 As shown, the uniform seeding device connecting flange 605 connects the uniform seeding device conveying pipe 303 to the conveying pipe 3 of the pneumatic pipeline conveying device below. The metal disk 601 is provided with a central hole 612, a first mounting alignment hole 611, and a second mounting alignment hole 610. The first mounting alignment hole 611 is located on the surface at one-third of the distance from the edge of the disk, and the second mounting alignment hole 610 is located on the surface near the edge. The first mounting alignment hole 611 and the second mounting alignment hole 610 are arranged in a circular array on the surface of the disk.

[0034] The uniform seeder 8 mainly includes a seeding outer cover 804, a seeding inner cover 803, a seeding disc 802, and a first seeding tube 801; The seeding disc 802 is provided with a center hole 811, a first threaded hole 812, a first mounting alignment hole a813, and a second threaded hole 810. The first threaded hole 812 is located on the surface at one-third of the distance from the center of the seeding disc 802, the second threaded hole 810 is located on the surface at one-third of the distance from the edge of the seeding disc 802, and the first mounting alignment hole a813 is located on the surface at the middle position between the first threaded hole 812 and the second threaded hole 810. The first threaded hole 812, the second threaded hole 810, and the first mounting alignment hole a813 are all arranged in a circular array on the surface of the seeding disc 802.

[0035] The inner seeding cover 803 is fixed to the seeding disc 802 through the first threaded hole, and the center hole of the inner seeding cover 803 is aligned with the center hole of the seeding disc 802. The inner seeding cover 803 is smaller than the outer seeding cover 804. The outer seeding cover 804 is fixed to the seeding disc 802 through the second threaded hole. The first seeding tube 801 is connected to the seeding disc 802 below the seeding disc 802 through the first mounting alignment hole a813. The upper interface of the second seeding tube 602 is connected to the first seeding tube 801 of the uniform seeder 8. The middle tube penetrates the first mounting alignment hole 611 of the metal disc. The lower interface is located directly above each seeding channel 603. Each second seeding tube 602 is matched with each seeding channel 603.

[0036] Pressure sensor 607 is connected to the first seeding tube 801 of uniform seeder 8 via a thread and is used to detect the pressure inside the tube. Annular grating sensor 606 is fixed to metal disc 601 via second mounting alignment hole 610. The large circular hole of annular grating sensor 606 is fitted around the second seeding tube 602 and is used to detect blockage inside the tube. Weighing sensor 604 is placed below seeding channel 603 and is used to detect the pressure inside seeding channel 603. All of the above sensors send data to the control system in real time. The outer surface of the sorting channel 603 is cylindrical with a hollow center. Small holes 620 are arranged sequentially on the cylindrical surface. The diameter of the holes 620 is adjustable. The sorting channel 603 is fixed to the sorting channel bracket 140 by threads.

[0037] When the seed stream is blown into the uniform seed distributor 8, the densely packed seeds are evenly dispersed by the first seeding tubes 801 and flow into the seeding channel 603 below. The surface of the seeding channel 603 is covered with numerous small holes, the actual shape and size of which can be adjusted according to the shape and size of the seeds. Seeds falling into the seeding channel 603 will flow out through the small holes 620 on its surface. In this embodiment, the cooperation between the seeding tubes and the seeding channel 603 ensures that the originally densely packed seed stream is evenly dispersed, preventing the seeds from becoming too densely packed after entering the soil.

[0038] like Figure 9 As shown, the movable mounting bracket 7 includes a first guide rail 701, a second guide rail 704, a first slider 702, a second slider 705, a first movable plate 703, a second movable plate 706, and a bracket 707. The first guide rail 701 is installed on the support above the side of the uniform seeding device on the test platform. The first slider 702 is matched with the first guide rail 701. The first moving plate 703 is fixed on the first slider 702. The first guide rail 701, the first slider 702 and the first moving plate 703 constitute a left and right moving mechanism. The second guide rail 704 is fixed on the first movable plate 703. The second guide rail 704 is perpendicular to the first guide rail 701 in space. The second slider 705 is matched with the second guide rail 704. The second movable plate 706 is fixed on the second slider 705. The second guide rail 704, the second slider 705 and the second movable plate 706 constitute a forward and backward movement mechanism. The bracket 707 is vertically fixed on the second movable plate 706.

[0039] The movable mounting bracket 7 can be used to install a second uniform seeding device. The number of seeding channels and the spacing between the seeding channels of the second uniform seeding device can be adjusted according to experimental requirements, which differs from the number of seeding channels and the spacing between the seeding channels of the uniform seeding device. This embodiment compares the uniform seeding device with the second uniform seeding device to analyze the seeding effect under different conditions.

[0040] like Figure 17-18 As shown, the PLC control system includes a control panel 13, a controller, a control cabinet 5, and a three-color indicator light 12. The PLC control system is connected to the servo motor 9 of the centralized seeding device, the high-pressure blower 2 of the pneumatic pipeline conveying device, the three-color indicator light 12, and sensors of various parts through circuits. The interface of the control panel 13 is connected to the controller. The controller controls the system operation, the high-pressure blower 2, the servo motor 9, and the throttle valve 4, and at the same time reflects the status of each component in real time through the sensor data of various parts.

[0041] The control panel 13 has four buttons on the upper right: "Start," "Stop," "Reset," and "Set." The corresponding buttons are connected to the corresponding function pins of the controller. Clicking the "Start" and "Stop" buttons controls the operation of the test platform. Clicking the "Reset" button clears the alarms that have been checked. Clicking the "Set" button enters the parameterized interface. The other buttons can control the start and stop of the servo motor 9, the high-pressure fan 2, and the throttle valve 4. At the same time, it can also monitor the status of the servo motor 9, the high-pressure fan 2, the throttle valve 4, and each seeding channel 603 in real time. In this embodiment, the control system has diversified functions and is convenient for operators. Compared with traditional seeders, the level of intelligence has been greatly improved.

[0042] When the test platform is in standby mode, the yellow indicator light 12 illuminates; when the test platform is operated via the control panel 13 interface, the green indicator light illuminates; when a malfunction occurs during operation, the red indicator light illuminates. At this time, the emergency stop button on the control panel 13 can be clicked to stop the test platform, ensuring the reliability of the test. In this embodiment, by observing the status of the indicator light 12, the current status of the test platform can be determined, and its operation can be stopped immediately.

[0043] When the airflow speed of the pneumatic pipeline conveying device is not matched with the seed flow dispensing speed, the airflow speed of the pneumatic pipeline conveying device can be controlled by adjusting the pressure of the high-pressure blower 2 or the opening size of the throttle valve 4 to make it optimally matched with the seed flow dispensing speed, thereby improving the uniformity of sowing.

[0044] When the pressure sensor 607 and the weighing sensor 605 detect that the pressure inside the seeding tube and the seeding channel 603 is greater than the set threshold, this embodiment can take three measures to ensure that the test platform can sow normally: first, reduce the seed dispensing speed by reducing the rotation speed of the motor 9; second, reduce the flow speed of the seed flow by reducing the airflow speed of the high-pressure blower 2; and third, reduce the airflow speed by reducing the opening size of the throttle valve 4.

[0045] When the annular grating sensor 606 detects that the seeding tube is blocked by the seed flow, it determines the corresponding seeding tube based on the detection sensor and then stops the machine for maintenance.

[0046] Control panel 13 allows access to a parameterized interface, enabling batch settings for the same type of data. For example, the minimum fan speed and minimum mains air velocity can be set to the first level, the higher fan speed and higher mains air velocity to the second level, and so on. Clicking the corresponding level will retrieve the corresponding data. This embodiment eliminates the need for repetitive input or modification of multiple data items, providing convenience for high-frequency production processes and allowing for easy modification and retrieval of the same type of data.

[0047] A seeding uniformity experiment was conducted using an experimental platform, divided into three groups. Seeding quantity, seeding speed, and air pressure were used as variables sequentially; when one factor was a variable, the other two remained unchanged. The number of variable changes was the same in each group. The experimental results were recorded, and the magnitude of change between each group of data was observed. The variable corresponding to the data group with the largest magnitude of change was identified as the key factor affecting seeding uniformity. This embodiment uses the controlled variable method to determine the key factor affecting the seeder's 8-seeding uniformity.

[0048] Using fluid dynamics analysis and bench test analysis, the interaction between the airflow field in the seed separator 8 and various crop seeds was studied. The attitude, movement and separation laws of different crop seeds in the airflow field were explored, so as to obtain the key design parameters of the seed separator 8 and optimize the internal structure of the seed separator 8.

[0049] Observe whether the control system can receive detection data from each sensor. If some sensor data cannot be received, optimize the multi-sensor fusion technology solution.

[0050] The experimental platform employs pneumatic direct seeding technology for sowing, comparing the actual sowing results with the expected results to explore whether there is room for further improvement in pneumatic direct seeding technology. This approach is of great significance to the research of pneumatic direct seeding technology.

[0051] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention described above and shown in the accompanying drawings are merely examples and do not limit the present invention; the objectives of the present invention have been fully and effectively achieved. The functions and structural principles of the present invention have been demonstrated and explained in the embodiments, and any modifications or variations of the embodiments of the present invention may be made without departing from the stated principles.

Claims

1. An intelligent seed pneumatic conveying characteristic test platform, comprising a frame, a centralized seed metering device, a pneumatic pipeline conveying device, a uniform seed distribution device, a mobile mounting bracket, and a PLC control system, characterized in that: The centralized seeding device includes a centralized seeding wheel, which includes several seeding rings. The uniform seeding device includes a uniform seeding device support, a second seeding tube, a pressure sensor, a ring grating sensor, various seeding channels, a weighing sensor, and a uniform seeder. The PLC control system is connected to the sensors. The uniform seeding device is supported by the uniform seeding device support, which includes a uniform seeding device conveying pipe, a uniform seeding device connecting flange, and a metal disc. The uniform seeding device connecting flange connects the uniform seeding device conveying pipe to the conveying pipe of the pneumatic pipeline conveying device below. The metal disk is provided with a central hole, a first mounting alignment hole, and a second mounting alignment hole. The first mounting alignment hole is located on the surface at one-third of the distance from the edge of the disk, and the second mounting alignment hole is located on the surface near the edge. The first and second mounting alignment holes are arranged in a circular array on the surface of the disk. The uniform seeder includes a seeding outer cover, a seeding inner cover, a seeding disc, and a first seeding tube; The seeding disc has a center hole, a first threaded hole, a first mounting alignment hole a, and a second threaded hole. The first threaded hole is located on the surface at one-third of the distance from the center of the seeding disc, the second threaded hole is located on the surface at one-third of the distance from the edge of the seeding disc, and the first mounting alignment hole a is located on the surface at the middle position between the first threaded hole and the second threaded hole. The first threaded hole, the second threaded hole, and the first mounting alignment hole a are all arranged in a circular array on the surface of the seeding disc. The inner seeding cover is fixed to the seeding disc through a first threaded hole, and the center hole of the inner seeding cover is aligned with the center hole of the seeding disc. The inner seeding cover is smaller than the outer seeding cover. The outer seeding cover is fixed to the seeding disc through a second threaded hole. The first seeding tube is connected to the seeding disc below the seeding disc through a first mounting alignment hole a. The upper interface of the second seeding tube is connected to the first seeding tube of the uniform seeder, the middle tube penetrates the first mounting and alignment hole of the metal disc, and the lower interface is located directly above each seeding channel. Each second seeding tube is matched with each seeding channel.

2. The intelligent seed pneumatic conveying characteristic test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centralized seed metering device includes an inoculation chamber, a segmented modular centralized seed meterer, a servo motor, and a seed guide tube. The inoculation chamber is located above the segmented modular centralized seed meterer, and the seed guide tube is located at the bottom of the segmented modular centralized seed meterer. The segmented modular centralized seed meterer includes an internal cavity structure, a bearing seat, a hexagonal bushing, a pulley, a long hexagonal shaft, a short hexagonal shaft, a bearing, and a seeding wheel end cap. The internal cavity structure includes a seed box, a support plate, a seed baffle plate, a connecting plate, and a seed inlet. A centralized seed metering wheel is provided inside the internal cavity structure.

3. The intelligent seed pneumatic conveying characteristic test platform according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the long hexagonal shaft is connected to the first bearing seat through a hexagonal bushing, and the other end passes through the seeding ring of the centralized seeding wheel and connects to one end of the short hexagonal shaft. The connection point is fixed in the second bearing seat. The other end of the short hexagonal shaft is connected to the third bearing seat through a hexagonal bushing. All bearing seats are fixed on the frame. The short hexagonal shaft is driven by an external servo motor, which drives the long hexagonal shaft and the centralized seeding wheel to rotate. The upper part of the seed box is connected to the upper inoculation chamber via a connecting plate, and the bottom is provided with a seed inlet. The seed inlet is connected to the lower seed guide tube via a metal buckle. The support plate and the seed baffle are both connected to the connecting plate. The support plate is located on the right side of the centralized seed metering wheel, and the lower half is arc-shaped and fits against the outer surface of the centralized seed metering wheel. A brush is fixed on the seed baffle, and there is a gap between the bottom of the brush and the centralized seed metering wheel. The centralized seed metering wheel is modularly combined from several seed metering rings. The outer surface of each seed metering ring is cylindrical and has an inwardly recessed main hole, a ridge, and a hexagonal hole penetrating the center. The positions of the main holes between adjacent seed metering rings are staggered, and the angle order is randomly combined. The main holes are arranged in a circumferential array on the outer surface of the seed metering ring. The main holes are of arbitrary shape, with open slots on both sides. The edge of the main hole is tangent to the outer surface of the seed metering ring, and a ridge is formed between adjacent edge lines of the main holes. The hexagonal hole is matched with a hexagonal shaft.

4. The intelligent seed pneumatic conveying characteristic test platform according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pneumatic pipeline conveying device includes a high-pressure blower, a pneumatic pipeline conveying device conveying pipe, and a throttle valve; The high-pressure blower is fixed to one end of the bottom of the frame and is driven by hydraulic pressure. The middle part of the pneumatic pipeline conveying device is provided with a seed guide pipe. The seed guide pipe is connected in the form of a T-shaped pipe. The T-shaped pipe is fixed on the frame. The high-pressure blower is connected to the throttle valve, the seed guide pipe of the centralized seeding device, and the seed distribution device conveying pipe in sequence through the pneumatic pipeline conveying device. All pipe connections are fastened with metal clips. The two ends of the throttle valve are connected to the delivery pipe of the pneumatic pipeline conveying device through the throttle valve connecting flange. An electromagnetic coil is provided at the upper end of the throttle valve. A wind speed sensor and a wind pressure sensor are provided next to the throttle valve. The throttle valve connecting flange is connected to the delivery pipe of the pneumatic pipeline conveying device through a metal clip.

5. The intelligent seed pneumatic conveying characteristic test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure sensor is connected to the first seeding tube of the uniform seeder via a thread and is used to detect the pressure inside the tube. The annular grating sensor is fixed on the metal disc via the second mounting alignment hole of the metal disc. The large circular hole of the annular grating sensor is fitted around the second seeding tube and is used to detect blockage inside the tube. The weighing sensor is placed below the seeding channel and is used to detect the pressure inside the seeding channel. All of the above sensors send data to the control system in real time. The outer surface of the sorting channel is cylindrical with a hollow center. Small holes are arranged sequentially on the cylindrical surface, and the diameter of the holes is adjustable. The sorting channel is fixed to the sorting channel bracket by threads.

6. The intelligent seed pneumatic conveying characteristic test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable mounting bracket includes a first guide rail, a second guide rail, a first slider, a second slider, a first movable plate, a second movable plate, and a bracket; The first guide rail is mounted on the support above the uniform seeding device on the test platform. The first slider is matched with the first guide rail, and the first moving plate is fixed on the first slider. The first guide rail, the first slider, and the first moving plate constitute a left-right movement mechanism. The second guide rail is fixed to the first movable plate. The second guide rail is perpendicular to the first guide rail in space. The second slider is matched with the second guide rail. The second movable plate is fixed on the second slider. The second guide rail, the second slider, and the second movable plate constitute a forward and backward movement mechanism, and the bracket is vertically fixed to the second movable plate.

7. The intelligent seed pneumatic conveying characteristic test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PLC control system includes a control panel, a controller, a control cabinet, and three-color indicator lights. The PLC control system is connected to the servo motor of the centralized seeding device, the high-pressure blower of the pneumatic pipeline conveying device, the three-color indicator lights, and sensors of various parts through circuits. The control panel interface is connected to the controller. The controller controls the system operation, the high-pressure blower, the servo motor, and the throttle valve, and at the same time reflects the status of each component in real time through the sensor data of various parts.

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