A wind energy harvesting device based on triboelectric and electrostatic induction coupling

Abstract

The wind energy collection device based on triboelectric and electrostatic induction coupling provided by the present disclosure comprises a wind transmission mechanism and a friction power supply mechanism driven thereby, a plurality of one-way opening and closing blades are arranged in the wind transmission mechanism, when the wind in the environment flows through the one-way opening and closing blades, the wind force acts on the closed blades through the opening and closing blades to generate an eccentric rotating couple and drives the wind transmission mechanism to rotate; the friction power supply mechanism comprises a shell and a friction power supply unit, the friction power supply unit comprises an independent friction layer type cylindrical TENG and an electrostatic induction assembly arranged inside and outside, and the conversion of kinetic energy and electric energy is realized based on the triboelectric and electrostatic induction mechanism. The required starting wind speed of the device is small, the wind energy utilization rate is improved, the coupling mechanism based on triboelectric and electrostatic induction is adopted, the charge pump and the non-contact electric induction output mode are adopted, and the service life and the electric output performance of the device are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of wind energy harvesting technology, specifically to a wind energy harvesting device based on triboelectric and electrostatic induction coupling. Background Technology

[0002] With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and artificial intelligence era, distributed sensors, various wearable electronic products, and information transmission networks are widely used in human production and daily life. Currently, different batteries, especially lithium batteries, are widely used to power these electronic devices due to their mature processing technology. However, chemical batteries have drawbacks such as limited capacity and lifespan, frequent charging, the need for a charging source, and difficulties in recycling. Therefore, people are committed to exploring and developing other renewable and clean energy technologies to provide a sustainable power supply. Taking mechanical energy in the environment, such as wind energy, as an example, wind energy has extensive and abundant reserves and has great potential to become an ideal reusable energy source. In recent years, in order to collect mechanical energy such as wind energy, researchers have designed many collectors based on different physical effects such as photoelectric effect, magnetoelectric effect, piezoelectric effect, and triboelectric effect. Among them, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology has attracted increasing attention from researchers due to its unique advantages such as low cost, ease of manufacturing, variety of materials, and high efficiency in low-frequency environments.

[0003] TENG (Trigger-Engineering) technology, used for energy harvesting such as wind power, operates based on the coupling effect of triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction, with the theoretical foundation being Maxwell's displacement current. Thanks to the efforts of numerous researchers, it has become a promising new technology, widely applied in micro-nano energy, self-powered sensors, marine energy, and high-voltage applications. However, it also faces challenges such as low surface charge density due to surface contact, dust generated by dielectric friction, and soft contact between thin film materials. In 2018, the international journal *Nano Energy*, Volume 49, Issue 1, pp. 625-633, first reported a charge pump technology that increases the surface charge density of the TENG, significantly improving its output performance. The charge pump unit acts as a charge source, generating charge which is regulated by a rectifier and then pumped out and injected into the main TENG to increase the surface charge density of the electrodes. Furthermore, in 2020, the international journal *Advanced Energy Materials*, Volume 10, Issue 21, pp. 2000-605, reported on a rotary-sliding TENG with a charge pump, transforming the contact separation mode into a similar mechanism, further improving its output performance in practical applications. A more compact rotary-sliding charge pump (TENG) was reported in the 2023 issue of the international journal *Advanced Energy Materials*, Volume 13, Issue 43, page 2301832. This TENG uses a suspended electrostatic induction method to output electrical energy, eliminating material friction and wear. However, the aforementioned charge pumps all employ a flat plate design, requiring significant horizontal installation space and limiting the design of large-sized pumps due to volume constraints. Furthermore, the scalability of the structure is limited by the inter-linkage between the pump TENG and the main TENG, and the two-dimensional planar energy generation method has low output efficiency. A three-dimensional energy generation method could be used to improve the output energy. Therefore, adopting a new design approach that integrates charge pump technology to achieve a more compact and easily scalable structure remains a challenge.

[0004] Existing technology:

[0005] 1.Xu L.,Bu TZ,Yang XD,et al.Ultrahigh charge density realized bycharge pumping at ambient conditions for triboelectric nanogenerators[J].NanoEnergy,2018,49:625-633.

[0006] 2.Bai Y.,Xu L.,Lin S.,et al.Charge pumping strategy for rotation and sliding type triboelectric nanogenerators[J].Advanced Energy Materials, 2020,10(21):2000605.

[0007] 3. Lu S., Li H., Xie Y., et al. High-performance and durable rotational triboelectric nanogenerator leveraging soft-contact coplanar charge pumping strategy [J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2023, 13(43): 2301832. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This disclosure aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0009] Therefore, this disclosure provides a wind energy harvesting device based on the coupling of triboelectricity and electrostatic induction. This device is based on the coupling mechanism of triboelectricity and electrostatic induction, and adopts a charge pump and a non-contact electro-induction output method, aiming to improve the service life and electrical output performance of the device, and to apply it to wind energy harvesting.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] This disclosure provides a wind energy harvesting device based on triboelectric and electrostatic induction coupling, comprising:

[0012] The wind power transmission mechanism includes a blade connector, a transmission end, and several one-way opening and closing blades. Each one-way opening and closing blade is evenly distributed around the circumference of the blade connector. The transmission end is connected to the blade connector. When the wind in the environment passes through the one-way opening and closing blades, the wind force acts on the closed blades through the opening and closing blades to generate an eccentric rotational couple and drive the wind power transmission mechanism to rotate.

[0013] A friction power supply mechanism includes a housing and a friction power supply unit and a central shaft located therein, wherein the friction power supply unit is driven by the transmission end to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy;

[0014] The housing includes a top plate, a bottom plate, and a side wall that are fixedly connected. The transmission end passes through the top plate and is rotatably connected to the top plate. The bottom plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the central shaft.

[0015] The triboelectric power supply unit includes an independent triboelectric layer cylindrical TENG and an electrostatic induction component arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside, and a boost rectifier circuit connected therebetween. The electrostatic induction component includes a non-contact moving electrode and a stator electrode arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The moving electrode is fixed to the moving part of the cylindrical TENG and together they form the moving part of the triboelectric power supply unit, which is connected to the transmission end. The stator electrode is fixed to the stator of the cylindrical TENG and together they form the stator part of the triboelectric power supply unit, which is fixedly connected to the side wall of the housing and the central shaft. The cylindrical TENG converts the kinetic energy output from the transmission end into electrical energy. After being processed by the boost rectifier circuit, the electrical energy is injected into the electrostatic induction component in the form of charge to increase the charge density on the surface of the internal induction electrode and output electrical energy based on the electrostatic induction mechanism of the moving electrode and the stator electrode.

[0016] In some embodiments, the wind power transmission mechanism is provided with at least three unidirectional opening and closing blades. Each unidirectional opening and closing blade includes a blade frame fixedly connected to the blade connector and a blade body connected to the blade frame in a unidirectional opening and closing manner via a hinge. The hinge is located on the side of the blade frame away from the blade connector. Under the action of wind, at least one unidirectional opening and closing blade in the wind power transmission mechanism is in a closed state due to the obstruction of the baffle, and at least one unidirectional opening and closing blade is in an open state, thereby forming the eccentric rotational couple between the unidirectional opening and closing blades.

[0017] In some embodiments, when the one-way opening and closing blade is in a closed state, the plane on which the one-way opening and closing blade is located remains parallel to the radial direction of the blade connector.

[0018] In some embodiments, a spring is also provided between the blade frame and the blade body, and the opening and closing angle of the blade is changed by changing the stiffness of the spring, thereby controlling the rotational speed of the transmission end.

[0019] In some embodiments, the cylindrical TENG includes an upper transmission member, an upper baffle, a first substrate, a second substrate, and a lower baffle arranged along a central axis. The upper transmission member is fixedly connected to the transmission end and rotatably connected to the top end of the central axis. The first substrate is cylindrical. The upper transmission member and the first substrate are respectively fixed to the upper and lower sides of the upper baffle. The bottom end of the first substrate passes through the lower baffle. The second substrate is located inside the first substrate and is fixedly sleeved on the central axis. The lower baffle is fixedly supported on the side wall of the housing. A first electrode and a first friction layer are stacked sequentially from the outside to the inside on the inner side wall of the first substrate. A buffer layer and a second friction layer are stacked sequentially from the inside to the outside on the outer side wall of the second substrate. During the rotation of the first substrate, the first friction layer and the second friction layer are in close contact.

[0020] In some embodiments, the first electrode is an interdigitated electrode that is cylindrical in shape.

[0021] In some embodiments, the second substrate comprises a second cylinder with open top and bottom and a plurality of T-shaped structures integrally formed on the outer surface of the second cylinder and evenly distributed around the circumference. The vertical section of the T-shaped structure is arranged radially along the second cylinder, and the horizontal section of the T-shaped structure is arc-shaped and disposed away from the outer surface of the second cylinder. The buffer layer and the second friction layer are attached to the side of the horizontal section of the T-shaped structure facing the first substrate.

[0022] In some embodiments, the electrostatic induction component is disposed around the cylindrical TENG and includes at least one pair of induction electrodes. Adjacent pairs of induction electrodes are spaced apart. Each pair of induction electrodes consists of a moving electrode and a stator electrode spaced apart. The moving electrode and the stator electrode are respectively attached to the opposite side walls of the first electrode substrate and the second electrode substrate. A first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer are also respectively attached to the opposite surfaces of the moving electrode and the stator electrode. The top end of the first electrode substrate is fixedly connected to the upper baffle, and the bottom end of the first electrode substrate is a free end. The bottom end of the second electrode substrate is fixedly connected to the lower baffle, and the top end of the second electrode substrate is a free end. During the rotation of the first electrode substrate with the upper baffle, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer do not contact each other.

[0023] In some embodiments, both the mover sensing electrode and the stator sensing electrode are integrally cylindrical interdigitated electrodes.

[0024] In some embodiments, the wind energy harvesting device further includes a gantry for supporting the wind power transmission mechanism and the friction power supply mechanism.

[0025] This disclosure has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] This invention innovatively proposes a wind energy harvesting device based on triboelectric and electrostatic induction coupling. A wind power transmission mechanism captures wind force, converting wind energy into kinetic energy. The kinetic energy output from the wind power transmission mechanism drives a triboelectric power supply mechanism, converting kinetic energy into electrical energy. The unidirectional opening and closing blades in the wind power transmission mechanism utilize their asymmetrical opening and closing state to form an eccentric couple, serving as the rotational power source for the device, reducing the starting wind speed and improving wind energy utilization. The triboelectric power supply mechanism integrates a cylindrical TENG (triboelectric electrode) and a non-contact annular interdigitated electrode into an integrated frame structure. A charge pump-type charge output increases surface charge density, while non-contact electrostatic induction outputs electrical energy. This non-contact electrostatic induction output method reduces wear, extends service life, and improves output performance. This wind energy harvesting device, based on the dual coupling of triboelectric and non-contact electrostatic induction, significantly enhances its electrical performance. This wind energy harvesting device can be fixed by a gantry frame and placed in natural environments such as land, forests, and deserts. In addition to the one-way opening and closing blades that feed back wind power, the cylindrical shape of its power generation part can be structurally encapsulated to prevent the entry of external dust, thereby increasing its durability and practicality. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a wind energy harvesting device based on triboelectric and electrostatic induction coupling provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 An exploded view of the overall structure of the wind energy harvesting device shown.

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 An exploded view of the wind power transmission mechanism in the wind energy harvesting device shown.

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the wind power transmission mechanism in the wind energy harvesting device shown.

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 1 An exploded view of the structure of the triboelectric power supply unit in the wind energy harvesting device shown.

[0032] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second substrate in the triboelectric power supply unit is shown.

[0033] Figure 7 for Figure 5 The diagram shows the basic working principle of the triboelectric power supply unit.

[0034] Figure 8 Figures a and b show a comparison of the output voltage amplitude and output current amplitude of the triboelectric power supply unit with and without a charge pump, respectively.

[0035] Figure 9 a and b are respectively Figure 1 The diagram shows the total output voltage curve and the total output current curve of the wind energy harvesting device.

[0036] Figure 10 a and b are respectively Figure 1 The graphs show the total peak power curve and average power curve of the wind energy harvesting device; in the graphs:

[0037] 10. Wind power transmission mechanism; 101. One-way opening and closing blade; 1011. Blade frame; 1012. Hinge; 1013. Blade body; 102. Spring; 103. Baffle; 104. Blade connector; 1041. First stepped shaft; 1042. Mounting plate; 105. Bearing; 106. Support; 107. Coupling; 108. Upper rotor connector;

[0038] 20. Friction power supply mechanism; 200. Friction power supply unit; 201. Upper transmission component; 202. Washer; 203. Pin; 204. Upper baffle; 2041. First slot; 205. First substrate; 206. Second substrate; 2061. Second cylinder; 2062. T-shaped structure; 2062a. Vertical section; 2062b. Horizontal section; 207. Lower baffle; 208. Buffer layer; A1. First electrode; B1. First friction layer; B2. Second friction layer 209. First electrode substrate; 210. Second electrode substrate; E1. Moving element sensing electrode; E2. Stator sensing electrode; D1. First dielectric layer; D2. Second dielectric layer; 211. Diode; 212. Electrolytic capacitor; 213. Zener diode; 400. Housing; 401. Top plate; 402. Bottom plate; 403. Side wall; 404. Slot; 405. Support block; 500. Central shaft; 501. Flange; 600. Power output terminal;

[0039] 30. Gantry frame; 31. Aluminum profile; 32. Platform. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0041] Conversely, this application covers any alternatives, modifications, equivalent methods, and schemes made within the spirit and scope of this application as defined by the claims. Furthermore, to provide the public with a better understanding of this application, certain specific details are described in detail below. However, this application can be fully understood by those skilled in the art even without these detailed descriptions.

[0042] Please see Figures 1 to 7 This disclosure provides a wind energy harvesting device based on triboelectric and electrostatic inductive coupling, comprising:

[0043] The wind power transmission mechanism 10 includes a blade connector 104, a transmission end, and several one-way opening and closing blades 101. Each one-way opening and closing blade 101 is evenly distributed on the blade connector 104. The transmission end is connected to the blade connector 104. When the wind in the environment passes through the one-way opening and closing blades 101, the wind force acts on the closed blades through the opening and closing blades to generate an eccentric rotational couple and drive the wind power transmission mechanism 10 to rotate.

[0044] The friction power supply mechanism 20 includes a housing 400 and a friction power supply unit 200 and a central shaft 500 located therein. The friction power supply unit 200 is driven by the transmission end of the wind power transmission mechanism 10 to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy.

[0045] The housing 400 includes a top plate 401, a bottom plate 402 and a side wall 403 that are fixedly connected. The transmission end of the wind power transmission mechanism 10 passes through the top plate 401 and is rotatably connected to the top plate 401 through a bearing 105. The bottom plate 402 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the central shaft 500.

[0046] The triboelectric power supply unit 200 includes an independent triboelectric layer cylindrical TENG and an electrostatic induction component arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside, and a boost rectifier circuit (VBC) connecting the cylindrical TENG and the electrostatic induction component. The electrostatic induction component includes a non-contact moving electrode and a stator electrode arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The moving electrode is fixed to the moving part of the cylindrical TENG and together they form the moving part of the triboelectric power supply unit 200, which is connected to the transmission end. The stator electrode and the stator of the cylindrical TENG together form the stator part of the triboelectric power supply unit 200, which is fixedly connected to the side wall 403 and the central shaft 500 of the housing 400. The cylindrical TENG converts the kinetic energy output from the transmission end into electrical energy. After the electrical energy is boosted and rectified by the VBC, the output charge is injected into the electrostatic induction component to increase the charge density on the surface of its internal induction electrode, and outputs electrical energy based on the electrostatic induction mechanism of the moving electrode and the stator electrode.

[0047] In some embodiments, see Figure 3The wind power transmission mechanism 10 mainly consists of several one-way opening and closing blades 101 that receive and rotate wind power, simultaneously driving corresponding components to rotate. It is primarily used to transmit wind power, converting captured wind energy into kinetic energy output. The wind power transmission mechanism 10 includes a blade connector 104, a transmission end, and at least three one-way opening and closing blades 101 (the number of one-way opening and closing blades 101 can be set to other numbers according to actual needs, generally three to five, preferably three). Wherein:

[0048] The blade connector 104 consists of a hollow first stepped shaft 1041 and three mounting plates 1042 integrally formed on the outer surface of the first stepped shaft 1041. The three mounting plates 1042 are evenly distributed around the circumference and the plate surfaces are arranged radially along the first stepped shaft 1041. Each one-way opening and closing blade 101 is fixedly connected to a corresponding mounting plate 1042 by bolts to realize the installation of the blade. The bottom end of the first stepped shaft 1041 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the transmission end. When the one-way opening and closing blade 101 is in the closed state, the plane where the one-way opening and closing blade 101 is located is parallel to the radial direction of the blade connector 104.

[0049] The three one-way opening blades 101 have the same structure; one will be used as an example for explanation. The one-way opening blade 101 includes a U-shaped blade frame 1011 and a blade body 1013 connected to the blade frame 1011 via a hinge 1012, which is positioned on the side of the blade frame 1011 away from the mounting plate 1042. A baffle 103 is provided on the side of the blade frame 1011 near the mounting plate 1042, and a spring 102 is provided between the blade frame 1011 and the blade body 1013. Under wind force, at least one one-way opening blade 101 in the wind power transmission mechanism 10 is closed due to the baffle 103, while at least one one-way opening blade 101 is open, thus forming an eccentric couple between the one-way opening blades 101, providing rotational power for the entire wind energy harvesting device. For details, see [link to details]. Figure 4 When wind blows from any direction toward the one-way opening blade 101, for example, perpendicular to the paper and inward ( Figure 4 The "↑" in the figure represents the wind direction perpendicular to the paper and inwards. Under the action of the baffle 103, hinge 1012, and spring 102, Figure 4The blades on the left are closed, and the blades on the right are open. Thus, the wind force component F1 acting on the left blade is not zero, while the force on the right blade is approximately zero. The total wind force F creates an eccentric couple among all the unidirectional opening and closing blades 101, providing clockwise rotational power. Simultaneously, as the blades continue to rotate, the right blade gradually closes under the action of the spring 102, and the blades originally on the left move to the right and gradually open. Therefore, there is always an eccentric couple to ensure the blades rotate in the same direction, providing power, reducing the starting wind speed, and improving wind energy utilization. Furthermore, the opening angle of the blades can be changed by altering the stiffness of the spring 102, thereby controlling the speed and magnitude of rotational power of the blades and the transmission end.

[0050] The transmission end is located at the bottom of the wind power transmission mechanism 10 and serves as the power output end of the wind power transmission mechanism 10 to drive the moving part of the friction power supply mechanism 20. The transmission end includes a coupling 107 and an upper rotor connector 108. The upper part of the coupling 107 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first stepped shaft 1041 in the blade connector 104, and the lower part of the coupling 107 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the upper rotor connector 108. The lower part of the upper rotor connector 108 is rotatably connected to the top plate 401 via a bearing 105 installed at the center of the top plate 401 of the housing 400.

[0051] In some embodiments, the triboelectric power supply mechanism 20 serves as the power generation part of the device in this embodiment, converting the kinetic energy output by the wind power transmission mechanism 10 into electrical energy and then outputting it. The triboelectric power supply mechanism 20 includes a triboelectric power supply unit 200, whose stator is supported and fixed by the housing 400 and the central shaft 500, and whose moving part is driven by the transmission end of the wind power transmission mechanism 10, thereby generating electrical energy, which is output from the power supply output terminal 600 for use by the load. Wherein:

[0052] The top plate 401 and bottom plate 402 of the housing 400 are both circular plates. A hole for mounting a bearing 105 is provided at the center of the top plate 401. The inner ring of the bearing 105 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the upper rotor connector 108, and the outer ring of the bearing 105 is fixedly connected to the central hole of the top plate 401. The side wall 403 of the housing 400 is composed of several circumferentially distributed strip plates. Several slots 404 are provided on the outer periphery of the top plate 401 and bottom plate 402. The top and bottom ends of the side wall 403 are respectively inserted into the corresponding slots 404, thereby fixing the side wall 403 to the top plate 401 and bottom plate 402. In a specific embodiment of this application, the central shaft 500 is a stainless steel rod, the top plate 401 and bottom plate 402 are laser-cut acrylic circular plates, and the side wall 403 is a strip structure formed by 3D printing using ABS material.

[0053] The triboelectric power supply unit 200 is a triboelectric and electrostatic induction coupled power generation unit composed of a stator and a rotor. It includes a cylindrical TENG (triboelectric generator), an electrostatic induction component, and a boost rectifier circuit connected between them. The cylindrical TENG is specifically a cylindrical, independent triboelectric layer TENG that acts as a charge pump. The electrostatic induction component is a non-contact, annular, interdigitated electrode. Specifically:

[0054] See Figure 5 The cylindrical TENG includes an upper drive member 201, an upper baffle 204, a first substrate 205, a second substrate 206, and a lower baffle 207 arranged along a common central axis 500. The first substrate 205 and the second substrate 206 are located between the upper baffle 204 and the lower baffle 207, and the second substrate 206 is located inside the first substrate 205. A first electrode A1 and a first friction layer B1 are stacked sequentially from the outside to the inside on the inner sidewall of the first substrate 205 facing the second substrate 206. A buffer layer 208 and a second friction layer B2 are stacked sequentially from the inside to the outside on the outer sidewall of the second substrate 206 facing the first substrate 205. The upper drive member 201, the upper baffle 204, the first substrate 205, the first electrode A1, and the first friction layer B1 together constitute the mover of the cylindrical TENG, and the lower baffle 207, the second substrate 206, the buffer layer 208, and the second friction layer B2 together constitute the stator of the cylindrical TENG. The upper transmission component 201 is a hollow second-step shaft. The upper part of the upper transmission component 201 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the upper rotor connector 108 in the transmission end by bolts. The bottom of the upper transmission component 201 is fixed to the upper surface of the upper baffle 204 by bolts to realize the reception and transmission of kinetic energy. At the same time, the upper transmission component 201 is also rotatably connected to the top end of the central shaft 500 through the bearing 105 and the washer 202. The washer 202 is sleeved on the top end of the central shaft 500 and fixed to the inner ring of the bearing 105. The outer ring of the bearing 105 is fixedly connected to the upper transmission component 201. The bottom end of the central shaft 500 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 402 of the housing 400 through a flange 501. The upper baffle 204 is a circular plate with a central hole. A first slot 2041, evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the central hole, is provided. The first substrate 205 is a first cylinder with open top and bottom. The top of the first substrate 205 is inserted into the first slot 2041 on the upper baffle 204 and fixedly connected to the upper baffle 204 via a matching pin 203. When the upper baffle 204 rotates with the upper transmission member 201, it drives the first substrate 205 to rotate, thereby causing the first electrode A1 and the first friction layer B1, which are attached to the inner side of the first substrate 205, to rotate together. The first electrode A1 is an interdigitated electrode in an overall annular shape (preferably made of copper). The first friction layer B1 needs to completely cover the first electrode A1 and can be made of nylon or similar materials. See also Figure 6The second substrate 206 is located inside the first substrate 205 and consists of a second cylinder 2061 with open top and bottom and a plurality of T-shaped structures 2062 integrally formed on the outer surface of the second cylinder 2061 and evenly distributed around its circumference. The vertical section 2062a of the T-shaped structure 2062 is arranged radially along the second cylinder 2061, and the horizontal section 2062b of the T-shaped structure 2062 is arc-shaped and disposed away from the outer surface of the second cylinder 2061. The buffer layer 208 and the second friction layer B2 are attached to the horizontal section 2062b of the T-shaped structure 2062. On the side of 062b facing the first substrate 205, the area and shape of the buffer layer 208 and the second friction layer B2 are the same as those of the horizontal segment 2062b of the T-shaped structure 2062. The buffer layer 208 can be made of sponge to ensure close contact between the first friction layer B1 and the second friction layer B2. The second friction layer B2 is made of a material with different electronegativity than the first friction layer B1, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The second cylinder 2061 is fixedly sleeved on the central shaft 500 to achieve a fixed connection between the two. The lower baffle 207 is fixedly connected to the side wall 403 of the housing 400 by a support block 405 fixed to the side wall 403 of the housing 400. During the rotation of the moving part of the cylindrical TENG following the transmission end, the first friction layer B1 and the second friction layer B2 are charged with equal amounts of opposite charges due to the different electronegativity of the friction materials. At the same time, an electrostatic field is formed between the friction layers. Based on the principle of triboelectric induction, the surface charge of the first electrode A1 is redistributed and continues to move with the first substrate 205. The two output terminals of the two non-connected electrodes in the first electrode A1 output equal amounts of opposite charges.

[0055] The electrostatic induction component is disposed around the periphery of the cylindrical TENG and includes at least one pair of induction electrodes. Adjacent pairs of induction electrodes should be spaced apart from each other. In this embodiment, two pairs of induction electrodes are provided: one pair A is located on the outer side, and the other pair B is located on the inner side. Each pair of induction electrodes includes a moving electrode E1 and a stator electrode E2 spaced apart from the inside to the outside. Both the moving electrode E1 and the stator electrode E2 are interdigitated electrodes in a circular shape (the electrode material is preferably copper), and are respectively attached to the opposite side walls of the first electrode substrate 209 and the second electrode substrate 210. A first dielectric layer D1 and a second dielectric layer D2, which serve as insulation and protection, are also attached to the opposite surfaces of the moving electrode E1 and the stator electrode E2. Figure 5 It was not indicated in the text that it would be Figure 7(Illustrated in the diagram) The first dielectric layer D1 and the second dielectric layer D2 are both made of insulating material, such as polyimide (PI), which mainly serves to insulate and protect their respective sensing electrodes. The top end of the first electrode substrate 209 is fixedly connected to the upper baffle 204 in the cylindrical TENG. The bottom end of the first electrode substrate 209 does not contact the lower baffle 207, that is, the bottom end of the first electrode substrate 209 is a free end. Thus, the first electrode substrate 209, together with the mover sensing electrode E1 on its outer side wall and the first dielectric layer D1, will rotate synchronously with the rotation of the upper baffle 204. The bottom end of the second electrode substrate 210 is fixedly connected to the lower baffle 207. The top end of the second electrode substrate 210 does not contact the upper baffle 204, that is, the top end of the second electrode substrate 210 is a free end. Thus, the second electrode substrate 210, together with the stator sensing electrode E2 and the second dielectric layer D2 on its inner side wall, will remain stationary with the lower baffle 207. A gap should be maintained between the moving electrode E1 and the stator electrode E2 to ensure that the first dielectric layer D1 and the second dielectric layer D2 do not come into contact during the rotation of the moving electrode E1, and to generate a stable induced electric field between the moving electrode E1 and the stator electrode E2. Simultaneously, the non-contact output method eliminates material friction and improves service life. When the wind power transmission mechanism 10 drives the upper transmission component 201 to rotate, it simultaneously drives the upper baffle 204, the rotor of the cylindrical TENG, and the moving electrode E1 in the electrostatic induction assembly to rotate. The cylindrical TENG converts kinetic energy into alternating current (AC) energy. This AC energy is then converted into direct current (DC) energy through a boost rectifier circuit VBC and injected as charge onto the surfaces of the induction electrodes in the electrostatic induction assembly to increase their surface charge density. Subsequently, the two induction electrodes of the induction electrode pair output electrical energy based on the electrostatic induction mechanism.

[0056] Furthermore, the boost rectifier circuit connected between the cylindrical TENG and the electrostatic induction component has the following structure: Figure 7 The boost rectifier circuit consists of at least two diodes 211 and an equal number of electrolytic capacitors 212. The diodes are connected in series in the same direction, and the electrolytic capacitors 212 are alternately connected in series between two diodes 211. Therefore, the number of diodes and electrolytic capacitors can be added or removed according to the output circuit requirements. However, it must be ensured that the number of diodes and electrolytic capacitors are equal before actual use. Due to the unidirectional current conduction characteristic of diodes, the plates of the electrolytic capacitors on the same side as the positive terminals of the series diodes are also positive. To stabilize the output voltage, a Zener diode 213 is connected in parallel at the two output terminals of the circuit. At the same time, due to the series and parallel characteristics of multiple capacitors, the boost rectifier circuit achieves the dual functions of boosting and rectifying.

[0057] In some embodiments, to increase the structural stability of the wind energy harvesting device according to the present disclosure, the wind energy harvesting device further includes a gantry frame 30. The gantry frame 30 is a gantry support structure constructed from six aluminum profiles 31 and assembled on a platform 32. The top of the gantry frame 30 is provided with a support member 106 rotatably connected to the transmission end of the wind power transmission mechanism 10. The support member 106 is a hollow structure, and a plurality of bearings 105 are provided inside. The inner ring of the bearing 105 is fixed to a coupling 107, and the outer ring of the bearing 105 is fixed to the support member 106. The support member 106 is fixed to the top of the gantry frame 30 by bolts. The bottom plate 402 of the housing 400 is fixed to the platform 32 at the bottom of the gantry frame 30. The gantry 30 is mainly used to fix and support the wind power transmission mechanism 10 and the friction power supply mechanism 20, so that they can be stably placed in natural environments such as land, forest, and desert for energy collection operations. In actual use, the length of the aluminum profile 31 can be adjusted to adapt to the unevenness of the actual fixed ground, ensuring that the wind power transmission mechanism 10 and the friction power supply mechanism 20 are installed perpendicular to the ground, maximizing their energy collection and conversion efficiency.

[0058] like Figure 7 As shown, the triboelectric power supply unit 200 outputs electrical energy based on a charge pump and non-contact electrostatic induction. In the pump TENG, the first friction layer B1 and the second friction layer B2 come into contact and rub against each other, generating equal amounts of opposite charges. Under the action of the electrostatic field, different charges are induced on the surface of the interdigitated first electrode A1. Subsequently, the charge or current is rectified by the boost rectifier circuit (VBC) and flows into the surface of the mover sensing electrode E1 in the electrostatic induction component, forming different positive and negative electric fields. Under the action of the electrostatic field, different charges are induced on the surface of the stator sensing electrode E2 corresponding to the mover sensing electrode E1. When the electrodes are connected by wires and a load is applied, electrical energy is output. The first dielectric layer D1 and the second dielectric layer D2 serve to isolate the mover sensing electrode E1 and the stator sensing electrode E2. The VBC circuit is composed of several electrolytic capacitors and diodes connected end to end in a predetermined manner, serving the functions of rectification and boosting.

[0059] To verify the performance of the triboelectric power supply unit in this wind energy harvesting device, the embodiments of this disclosure were tested under different operating conditions, as detailed below:

[0060] like Figure 8 As shown in a and b, V A-0 and I A-0 These represent the voltage and current amplitudes output by the induction electrode pair A in the electrostatic induction assembly when the charge pump composed of a cylindrical TENG is not installed. B-0 and I B-0 These represent the voltage and current amplitudes output by the induction electrode pair B in the electrostatic induction assembly when the charge pump composed of a cylindrical TENG is not installed; V in the figure...A-VBC and I A-VBC V represents the voltage amplitude and current amplitude output by the induction electrode pair A in the electrostatic induction component when a charge pump composed of a cylindrical TENG is installed. B-VBC and I B-VBC The figures represent the voltage and current amplitudes output from the induction electrode pair B in the electrostatic induction assembly when a charge pump composed of a cylindrical TENG is installed. As shown in the figures, when a charge pump is installed, the voltage and current output from both induction electrode pairs A and B are higher than the output energy (V) without a charge pump. A-VBC >V A-0 ,I A-VBC >I A-0 V B-VBC >V B-0 ,I B-VBC >I B-0 Simultaneously, the output voltage and current of the sensing electrode to A are both greater than the output voltage and current of the sensing electrode to B (V). A-VBC >V B-VBC ,I A-VBC >I B-VBC V A-0 >V B-0 ,I A-0 >I B-0 This is because the area of ​​the sensing electrode relative to A is greater than the area of ​​the sensing electrode relative to B.

[0061] like Figure 9 As shown in Figures a and b, under different driving frequencies (specifically, the number of rotations per minute of the transmission end of the wind power transmission mechanism 10), the total output voltage of this wind energy harvesting device remains almost constant, while the total output current increases with the increase of the driving frequency. This is consistent with the basic power output law of TENG.

[0062] like Figure 10 As shown in a and b, P in the figure R The graph represents the total peak output power of the device, Current represents the output current curve, and Power represents the output power curve. As shown in the graph, the total peak and average output power of this wind energy harvesting device shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing with increasing load resistance, and this trend is particularly pronounced at 10... 9 The resistance has a maximum value at Ω, and both the peak and average output currents decrease as the resistance increases, which is consistent with the basic principle of TENG.

[0063] The working principle of this disclosure embodiment is described below:

[0064] When the airflow passes over the one-way opening and closing blade 101, the wind force acts on the closing blade through the opening and closing blade, causing it to rotate. The rotation of the wind power transmission mechanism 10, through the bearing 105, coupling 107, and upper rotor connector 108, further drives the rotor of the friction power supply unit 200 to rotate. The friction power supply unit 200 converts kinetic energy into electrical energy and outputs a corresponding current based on the difference in electronegativity between the first friction layer B1 and the second friction layer B2 in the cylindrical TENG and the charge transfer mechanism. The output charge is injected into each pair of induction electrodes of the friction power supply unit 200 to increase their surface charge density. Subsequently, the inner and outer pairs of non-contact annular induction electrodes output electrical energy based on the electrostatic induction mechanism. This non-contact working mode avoids frictional wear between materials, maximizing its service life while ensuring energy conversion efficiency.

[0065] In summary, this disclosure presents a wind energy harvesting device based on triboelectric and electrostatic induction coupling. A wind power transmission mechanism captures wind force, converting wind energy into kinetic energy. The kinetic energy output from the wind power transmission mechanism drives a triboelectric power supply mechanism, converting kinetic energy into electrical energy. The unidirectional opening and closing blades in the wind power transmission mechanism utilize their asymmetrical opening and closing state to form an eccentric torque, serving as the rotational power source for the device, reducing the starting wind speed and improving wind energy utilization. The triboelectric power supply unit within the triboelectric power supply mechanism is an integrated frame structure incorporating a cylindrical TENG (Temperature Induction Generator) and a non-contact annular interdigitated electrode. A charge pump-type charge output increases surface charge density, while non-contact electrostatic induction outputs electrical energy. This wind energy harvesting device can be fixed by a gantry frame and placed in natural environments such as land, forests, and deserts. Besides the unidirectional opening and closing blades that feedback wind force, the cylindrical shape of its power generation section allows for structural encapsulation to prevent the ingress of external dust, increasing its durability and practicality.

[0066] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

[0067] In the description of the embodiments disclosed herein, it should be understood that the terms "top", "bottom", "up and down", "left and right", "coplanar", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0068] In the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "fixed connection", "fixed connection", "adhesion", "gluing", "bonding", "coating", "locking", etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium, etc. Unless otherwise explicitly limited, those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0069] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wind energy harvesting device based on triboelectric and electrostatic induction coupling, characterized in that, The application relates to a wind-driven power generation device, which comprises a wind-driven mechanism, a friction power supply mechanism and a wind-driven mechanism. The wind-driven mechanism comprises a blade connecting piece, a driving end and a plurality of one-way opening and closing blades, the one-way opening and closing blades are circumferentially distributed on the blade connecting piece, the driving end is connected with the blade connecting piece, when wind flows through the one-way opening and closing blades, the wind power acts on the closed blades through the opening and closing blades to generate an eccentric rotation couple and drives the wind-driven mechanism to rotate. The friction power supply mechanism comprises a shell, a friction power supply unit and a central shaft in the shell, the friction power supply unit is driven by the driving end to convert kinetic energy into electric energy. The shell comprises a top plate, a bottom plate and a side wall fixedly connected, the driving end penetrates through the top plate and is rotatably connected with the top plate, the bottom plate is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the central shaft. The friction power supply unit comprises an independent friction layer type cylindrical TENG and an electrostatic induction assembly arranged in sequence from inside to outside and a boost rectifier circuit connected therebetween; the electrostatic induction assembly comprises a non-contact dynamic induction electrode and a stator induction electrode arranged in sequence from inside to outside, the dynamic induction electrode is fixed on the dynamic part of the cylindrical TENG and is connected with the driving end, the stator induction electrode is fixed on the stator of the cylindrical TENG and is fixedly connected with the side wall of the shell and the central shaft, the cylindrical TENG converts the kinetic energy output by the driving end into electric energy, the electric energy is injected into the electrostatic induction assembly in the form of electric charge after the action of the boost rectifier circuit, so as to increase the charge density of the surface of the induction electrode, and the electric energy is output to the outside based on the electrostatic induction mechanism of the dynamic induction electrode and the stator induction electrode. The boost rectifier circuit is composed of at least two diodes and the same number of electrolytic capacitors, wherein the diodes are connected in series in the same direction in sequence, and each electrolytic capacitor is connected in series between two diodes, and a voltage stabilizing diode is connected in parallel at the two output ends of the boost rectifier circuit.

2. The wind energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein, The wind-driven mechanism is provided with at least three one-way opening and closing blades, the one-way opening and closing blades comprise a blade frame fixedly connected with the blade connecting piece and a blade body connected with the blade frame in one-way opening and closing mode through a hinge, and the hinge is located on the side of the blade frame away from the blade connecting piece; under the action of wind power, at least one one-way opening and closing blade in the wind-driven mechanism is in a closed state under the blocking action of a baffle, and at least one one-way opening and closing blade is in an open state, so that the eccentric rotation couple is formed between the one-way opening and closing blades.

3. The wind energy harvesting device of claim 2, wherein, When the one-way opening and closing blade is in a closed state, the plane of the one-way opening and closing blade is parallel to the radial direction of the blade connecting piece.

4. The wind energy harvesting device of claim 2, wherein, A spring is arranged between the blade frame and the blade body, the opening and closing angle of the blade is changed by changing the rigidity of the spring, so that the rotating speed of the driving end is controlled.

5. The wind energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein, The cylindrical TENG comprises a co-central shaft arranged upper driving part, upper baffle, first base plate, second base plate and lower baffle, the upper driving part is fixedly connected with the transmission end, and the upper driving part is rotatably connected with the top end of the central shaft, the first base plate is cylindrical, the upper driving part and the first base plate are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the upper baffle respectively, the bottom end of the first base plate penetrates through the lower baffle, the second base plate is located inside the first base plate and is fixedly sleeved on the central shaft, the lower baffle is fixedly supported on the side wall of the shell, a first electrode and a first friction layer are sequentially stacked from outside to inside on the inner side wall of the first base plate, a buffer layer and a second friction layer are sequentially stacked from inside to outside on the outer side wall of the second base plate, and the first friction layer is in close contact with the second friction layer during rotation of the first base plate.

6. The wind energy harvesting device of claim 5, wherein, The first electrode is an interdigital electrode with an overall cylindrical shape.

7. The wind energy harvesting device of claim 5, wherein, The second base plate is composed of a second cylinder with an upper and lower opening and a plurality of T-shaped structures integrally formed on the outer surface of the second cylinder and circumferentially distributed, the vertical section of the T-shaped structure is arranged along the radial direction of the second cylinder, the horizontal section of the T-shaped structure is in the shape of a circular arc and is arranged away from the outer surface of the second cylinder, and the buffer layer and the second friction layer are attached to the side of the horizontal section of the T-shaped structure facing the first base plate.

8. The wind energy harvesting device of claim 5, wherein, The electrostatic induction assembly is arranged on the periphery of the cylindrical TENG and comprises at least one induction electrode pair, adjacent induction electrode pairs are arranged with a spacing, the induction electrode pair is composed of a mover induction electrode and a stator induction electrode arranged with a spacing, the mover induction electrode and the stator induction electrode are respectively attached to the two side walls of the first electrode base plate and the second electrode base plate arranged oppositely, and a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer are respectively attached to the surfaces of the mover induction electrode and the stator induction electrode arranged oppositely, the top end of the first electrode base plate is fixedly connected with the upper baffle, the bottom end of the first electrode base plate is a free end, the bottom end of the second electrode base plate is fixedly connected with the lower baffle, and the top end of the second electrode base plate is a free end, during rotation of the first electrode base plate with the upper baffle, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer do not contact.

9. The wind energy harvesting device of claim 8, wherein, The mover induction electrode and the stator induction electrode are both interdigital electrodes with an overall cylindrical shape.

10. The wind energy harvesting device of any one of claims 1-9, wherein, The wind energy collection device further comprises a gantry for supporting the wind power transmission mechanism and the friction power supply mechanism.

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