Laminated glass and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a kind of laminated glass and vehicle.The laminated glass includes the outer glass plate, first ultraviolet shielding layer, first thermoplastic polymer layer, light-adjusting layer, second thermoplastic polymer layer and inner glass plate arranged in sequence;Light-adjusting layer includes the first resin substrate, first plane electrode layer, liquid crystal layer, second plane electrode layer and second resin substrate arranged in sequence;The material of liquid crystal layer includes polymer network liquid crystal and / or dye liquid crystal;First ultraviolet shielding layer is nano reflective layer and / or micron absorbing layer;The laminated structure of outer glass plate, first ultraviolet shielding layer and first thermoplastic polymer layer has first ultraviolet transmittance Tuv1 to ultraviolet with wavelength of 280nm-400nm, Tuv1≤0.05%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of glass products, specifically to a laminated glass and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Polymer network liquid crystals (PNLCs) and dye liquid crystals (DDLCs) surpass traditional polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) in some optical properties, such as faster response speed, higher contrast, better photosensitivity, and more diverse color adjustability.

[0003] However, both technologies have the problem of poor resistance to ultraviolet light when applied, because their structure and material composition make them more sensitive to ultraviolet light.

[0004] PNLCs are composed of liquid crystal molecules and a tiny polymer network structure. While this structure provides greater stability and faster response, the polymer itself is susceptible to UV damage, leading to degradation or color changes, thus affecting overall optical performance. Specifically:

[0005] (1) Polymer molecular size: Polymer structures are typically on the scale of nanometers to micrometers. The specific size can be adjusted depending on the type and concentration of the monomer used and the photopolymerization conditions. Generally, the size of polymer domains ranges from tens of nanometers to several micrometers.

[0006] (2) Polymer molecular morphology: These polymer structures can be continuous network structures or discrete particles or short chains. Their morphology depends on the polymerization conditions and the materials used.

[0007] (3) Polymer molecular function: The main function of the polymer network is to provide a stable framework for the liquid crystal molecules, fixing their default alignment. When an external electric field is applied to the PNLC, the liquid crystal molecules will rearrange in response to the electric field. When the electric field is removed, the polymer network helps the liquid crystal molecules quickly return to their default orientation.

[0008] Prolonged exposure to UV radiation can cause the polymer network (mainly the photopolymerizer) to decompose or denature, preventing the liquid crystal molecules from rotating effectively under the influence of an electric field, thus causing the dimming function to fail partially or entirely.

[0009] In DDLC (Dissolved Dioxide Lithography) systems, dye molecules interact with liquid crystal molecules, altering their optical properties. However, dyes are often highly sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) radiation; prolonged UV exposure can damage the dye molecules' structure or cause color fading, thus affecting the display performance and stability of the DDLC. Specifically:

[0010] (1) High-energy photons: Ultraviolet light has a short wavelength, so the photons it carries have high energy. When these high-energy photons interact with dye molecules, they may break chemical bonds, especially π-π bonds and n-π bonds, leading to changes in the structure of the dye molecules.

[0011] (2) Photochemical reactions: Certain parts of the dye molecule, especially the conjugated π-electron system, are very readily interacted with UV light. This interaction can cause electrons to jump from one energy level to a higher energy level, thus putting the dye molecule into a more active excited state. In this excited state, the molecule is more likely to undergo chemical reactions or decompose.

[0012] (3) Generation of free radicals: UV radiation may cause dye molecules or their surrounding environment to generate free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive chemical substances with unpaired electrons that can attack and destroy the structure of dye molecules.

[0013] (4) Color change or fading: Because the color of dye molecules is determined by their structure, any factor that damages the structure of dye molecules may cause their color to change or fade.

[0014] (5) Influence of molecular environment: The environment in which dye molecules are located, such as the medium used, other chemical substances present, and temperature, may affect their stability to UV light. Certain environmental conditions may increase the sensitivity of dyes to UV radiation.

[0015] In summary, existing polymer network liquid crystals (PNLC) and dye liquid crystals (DDLC) have the drawback of poor resistance to ultraviolet radiation. Especially when applied to automotive glass, prolonged exposure to sunlight will quickly lead to performance degradation or color changes, making it impossible to maintain the performance and visual effect of automotive glass. Summary of the Invention

[0016] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the purpose of this application is to provide a laminated glass and a vehicle, wherein the laminated glass has excellent resistance to ultraviolet rays.

[0017] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a laminated glass comprising an outer glass plate, a first ultraviolet shielding layer, a first thermoplastic polymer layer, a dimming layer, a second thermoplastic polymer layer, and an inner glass plate, which are sequentially stacked. The dimming layer comprises a first resin substrate, a first planar electrode layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second planar electrode layer, and a second resin substrate, which are sequentially stacked. The liquid crystal layer is made of polymer network liquid crystal and / or dye liquid crystal. The first ultraviolet shielding layer is a nano-reflective layer and / or a micron-absorbing layer. The stacked structure of the outer glass plate, the first ultraviolet shielding layer, and the first thermoplastic polymer layer has a first ultraviolet transmittance Tuv1 for ultraviolet rays with wavelengths of 280nm to 400nm, where Tuv1 ≤ 0.05%.

[0018] Based on the above structure, the laminated glass of this application can effectively absorb or reflect incident ultraviolet rays, thereby preventing them from directly irradiating the PNLC and / or DDLC materials and protecting the liquid crystal molecules and dye molecules from damage. Furthermore, the laminated glass of this application can withstand prolonged ultraviolet radiation without performance degradation or color change. Moreover, compared to traditional technologies that only utilize PVB to block ultraviolet rays, this application employs a nano-reflective layer and / or a micron-absorbing layer to shield ultraviolet rays, which not only enhances the product's UV resistance but also allows the product to maintain excellent mechanical properties during subsequent long-term use.

[0019] It should be noted that the nano-reflective layer mentioned in this application refers to a layer structure with a thickness on the nanometer scale that can reflect ultraviolet light. Further, the thickness of the nano-reflective layer is 100nm to 1000nm, for example, 100nm, 200nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, or 1000nm. More preferably, the thickness of the nano-reflective layer is 100nm to 500nm. The nano-reflective layer has a second ultraviolet transmittance, Tuv2, for ultraviolet light with wavelengths of 280nm to 400nm, where Tuv2 ≤ 10%, preferably Tuv2 ≤ 8%, more preferably Tuv2 ≤ 5%, and even more preferably Tuv2 ≤ 3%.

[0020] Further, the nano-reflective layer includes at least two first metal layers and at least three first dielectric layers, with a first metal layer disposed between two adjacent first dielectric layers; the material of the first metal layer is selected from at least one of first silver metal and a first silver alloy; the first silver alloy is an alloy of silver metal and at least one metal selected from gold, aluminum, copper, indium, and platinum; the material of the first dielectric layer is selected from an oxide, nitride, or oxynitride of at least one element selected from Zn, Ti, Si, Al, Sn, Se, Zr, Ni, In, Cr, W, Ca, Y, Nb, Cu, and Sm. In some optional embodiments, the above-mentioned nano-reflective layer can be obtained by magnetron sputtering deposition.

[0021] It should be noted that the micron-absorbing layer mentioned in this application refers to a layer structure with a thickness on the micron scale that can absorb ultraviolet light. Further, the thickness of the micron-absorbing layer is 2μm to 20μm, for example, 2μm, 5μm, 8μm, 10μm, 12μm, 15μm, 17μm, or 20μm. More preferably, the thickness of the micron-absorbing layer is 5 to 15μm. The micron-absorbing layer has a third ultraviolet transmittance, Tuv3, for ultraviolet light with wavelengths of 280nm to 400nm, where Tuv3 ≤ 1%, preferably Tuv3 ≤ 0.5%, more preferably Tuv3 ≤ 0.1%, and even more preferably Tuv3 ≤ 0.05%.

[0022] Furthermore, the material of the micron-sized absorption layer includes silicon dioxide and an ultraviolet blocking material. The ultraviolet blocking material is selected from at least one of organic ultraviolet absorbers and inorganic ultraviolet nanoparticles. The average particle size of the inorganic ultraviolet nanoparticles is 10 nm to 100 nm. The organic ultraviolet absorber is selected from at least one of benzophenone-based ultraviolet absorbers, benzimidazole-based ultraviolet absorbers, and triazine-based ultraviolet absorbers. The maximum absorption peak of the organic ultraviolet absorber is in the wavelength range of 330 nm to 390 nm. The inorganic ultraviolet nanoparticles are selected from at least one of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and cerium oxide nanoparticles.

[0023] Furthermore, the material of the micron-absorbing layer also includes at least one of infrared blocking nanoparticles and blue light absorbers; the average particle size of the infrared blocking nanoparticles is 10 nm to 200 nm, preferably 10 nm to 150 nm. The infrared blocking nanoparticles are selected from indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles and cesium tungsten bronze (CsO2) nanoparticles. x The blue light absorber is selected from at least one of WO3 nanoparticles and antimony tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles; the blue light absorber is selected from at least one of azo blue light absorbers, isoindolineone blue light absorbers, quinolineone blue light absorbers, benzimidazolone blue light absorbers, and organic-inorganic composite blue light absorbers; the maximum absorption peak of the blue light absorber is in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 420 nm.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the laminated glass further includes a second ultraviolet shielding layer disposed between the first thermoplastic polymer layer and the dimming layer; the second ultraviolet shielding layer is a micron-reflective layer with a thickness of 50μm to 200μm, and the micron-reflective layer has a fourth ultraviolet transmittance Tuv4 for ultraviolet rays with wavelengths of 280nm to 400nm, where Tuv4 ≤ 10%.

[0025] It should be noted that the micron-sized reflective layer mentioned in this application refers to a layer structure with a thickness on the micron scale that can reflect ultraviolet light. Preferably, the thickness of the micron-sized reflective layer can be, for example, 50μm, 80μm, 100μm, 120μm, 150μm, 180μm, or 200μm. The thickness of the reflective layer is ≤8%, ≤5%, ≤3%, or ≤1%.

[0026] Further, the micron-sized reflective layer includes a resin film and a functional reflective layer disposed on the resin film. The functional reflective layer is an inorganic metal reflective layer, an inorganic dielectric reflective layer, or an organic reflective layer (the functional reflective layer can be disposed on the side of the resin film near the first thermoplastic polymer layer, or on the side of the resin film near the dimming layer). The inorganic metal reflective layer includes at least one second metal layer and at least two second dielectric layers, with a second metal layer disposed between two adjacent second dielectric layers. The material of the second metal layer is selected from at least one of a second silver metal and a second silver alloy. The second silver alloy is an alloy of silver metal with at least one metal selected from gold, aluminum, copper, indium, and platinum. The material of the second dielectric layer is selected from nitrides or oxides of at least one element selected from Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Mg, and Zr. The inorganic reflective layer comprises multiple alternating layers of high-refractive-index and low-refractive-index layers, wherein the high-refractive-index layer is made of a first inorganic oxide or inorganic nitride, and the refractive index of the high-refractive-index layer is greater than or equal to 2.0; the low-refractive-index layer is made of a second inorganic oxide, and the refractive index of the low-refractive-index layer is less than or equal to 1.8; the organic reflective layer comprises multiple alternating layers of organic polymer layers, wherein the organic polymer layer is made of at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polylactic acid, poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), polyvinylidene fluoride, cyclic polyolefin, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyphenylene sulfide, or polyetherimide.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the laminated glass further includes a low-emissivity layer disposed on the outer surface of the inner glass plate away from the second thermoplastic polymer layer. The low-emissivity layer includes at least one transparent conductive oxide layer, the material of which is selected from at least one of doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), chromium-doped nickel oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), and zinc tin oxide (ZTO). The doped zinc oxide is zinc oxide doped with at least one element selected from aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium. Based on this, the emissivity of the laminated glass measured from the low-emissivity layer side is less than or equal to 0.3, or less than or equal to 0.25, or less than or equal to 0.2, which helps to improve the heat insulation effect in summer and the thermal insulation effect in winter.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the laminated glass has a light-transmitting state and a light-blocking state. The laminated glass in the light-transmitting state has a first visible light transmittance TL1, and the laminated glass in the light-blocking state has a second visible light transmittance TL2. The ratio of TL1 to TL2 is TL1 / TL2 ≥ 2. Wherein, TL1 = 2%–70%, TL2 = 0.1%–20%, and the time for the laminated glass to change from TL1 to TL2 is t, where t ≤ 100 ms.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, after the laminated glass is subjected to a 2000-hour xenon lamp aging test from the outer glass panel side, the laminated glass in the light-transmitting state has a third visible light transmittance TL3, |TL3-TL1|≤2%.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the laminated glass in a light-transmitting state has a scattering rate S, where S≤0.25.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the laminated glass with the first ultraviolet shielding layer has a fourth transmittance TL4 in the wavelength range of 450nm to 650nm when it is in a transparent state, and the laminated glass without the first ultraviolet shielding layer has a fifth transmittance TL5 in the wavelength range of 450nm to 650nm when it is in a transparent state, and TL4 / TL5 = 101% to 110%.

[0032] This application also provides a vehicle including a power source, a control device, and the laminated glass as described above. The positive terminal of the power source is connected to a first planar electrode layer, and the negative terminal of the power source is connected to a second planar electrode layer. The control device enables the laminated glass to be in a light-transmitting state or a light-blocking state.

[0033] For the reasons stated above, the laminated glass of this application offers superior UV resistance when used in automotive glass, enabling it to withstand prolonged UV exposure without performance degradation or color change. It also improves optical performance, enhances mechanical properties, and extends product lifespan, thereby providing higher contrast and clearer visual effects, achieving true brightness adjustment, and reducing maintenance or replacement costs caused by external environmental factors. More importantly, the laminated glass of this application offers richer and more sophisticated color reproduction, meeting the high-quality requirements of modern consumers for dimming products. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the laminated glass provided in this application;

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second embodiment of the laminated glass provided in this application;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the laminated glass provided in this application;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dimming layer provided in this application;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second ultraviolet shielding layer provided in this application.

[0039] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1-Outer glass plate; 2-First ultraviolet shielding layer; 3-First thermoplastic polymer layer; 4-Dimming layer; 5-Second thermoplastic polymer layer; 6-Inner glass plate; 7-Second ultraviolet shielding layer; 8-Low-emissivity layer; 41-First resin substrate; 42-First planar electrode layer; 43-Liquid crystal layer; 44-Second planar electrode layer; 45-Second resin substrate; 71-Resin film; 72-Functional reflective layer. Detailed Implementation

[0040] In order to provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives and beneficial effects of this application, the technical solution of this application is described in detail below, but this should not be construed as limiting the scope of implementation of this application.

[0041] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of this application described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0042] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, this application provides a laminated glass for use as a vehicle window, specifically as a sunroof, side window, or rear windshield. The laminated glass includes an outer glass panel 1, a first ultraviolet shielding layer 2, a first thermoplastic polymer layer 3, a light-adjusting layer 4, a second thermoplastic polymer layer 5, and an inner glass panel 6, which are stacked sequentially.

[0043] When laminated glass is applied to a vehicle, the outer glass panel 1 is located on the outside of the vehicle. The outer glass panel 1 has a first surface facing away from the first thermoplastic polymer layer 3 and a second surface facing the first thermoplastic polymer layer 3. The first surface is the outer surface of the laminated glass. The inner glass panel 6 is located on the inside of the vehicle. The inner glass panel 6 has a third surface facing the second thermoplastic polymer layer 5 and a fourth surface facing away from the second thermoplastic polymer layer 5. The fourth surface is the inner surface of the laminated glass.

[0044] The outer glass plate 1 has a thickness of 0.7 mm to 4 mm and a visible light transmittance of 80% or higher. The inner glass plate 6 is transparent or tinted glass, with a thickness of 0.7 mm to 4 mm and a visible light transmittance of 80% or higher. The total iron content (as Fe2O3) of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.1 wt%, even less than or equal to 0.05 wt%, and further less than or equal to 0.01 wt%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is 80% to 95%. The total iron content (as Fe2O3) of the tinted glass is 0.1 wt% to 0.8 wt%, preferably 0.1 wt% to 0.5 wt%, and the visible light transmittance of the tinted glass is 80% to 90%.

[0045] For example, the outer glass plate 1 can be 2.1 mm thick transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 89%, and the inner glass plate 6 can be 1.6 mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 83%, or 2.1 mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 80%.

[0046] Further, the outer glass plate 1 is transparent or tinted glass, and its thickness is 1.6 mm to 4 mm. The visible light transmittance of the outer glass plate 1 is 10% to 95%. The thickness of the outer glass plate 1 can be, but is not limited to, 1.6 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.8 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.6 mm, 4 mm, or other values ​​between 1.6 mm and 4 mm. The visible light transmittance of the outer glass plate 1 can be, but is not limited to, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or other values ​​between 10% and 95%. The inner glass plate 6 is transparent or tinted glass, and its thickness is 0.7 mm to 3.5 mm. The visible light transmittance of the inner glass plate 6 is 25% to 90%. The thickness of the inner glass plate 6 can be, but is not limited to, 0.7 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.8 mm, 3.5 mm, or other values ​​between 0.7 mm and 3.5 mm. The visible light transmittance of the inner glass plate 6 can be, but is not limited to, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or other values ​​between 25% and 90%. The total iron content (as Fe2O3) of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.1 wt%, further less than or equal to 0.05 wt%, or even less than or equal to 0.01 wt%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is 80% to 95%. The total iron content (as Fe2O3) of the tinted glass is greater than or equal to 0.5 wt%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.8 wt%, further greater than or equal to 1 wt%, or even greater than or equal to 2 wt%, and the visible light transmittance of the tinted glass is 10% to 85%. The tinted glass can be, but is not limited to, green glass or gray glass.

[0047] For example, the outer glass panel 1 is 2.1 mm thick transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 91%, or 2.1 mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 80%, or 2.1 mm thick gray glass with a visible light transmittance of 28%. The inner glass panel 6 is 2.1 mm thick transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 88%, or 1.6 mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 83%, or 1.6 mm thick gray glass with a visible light transmittance of 45%, or 2.1 mm thick gray glass with a visible light transmittance of 28%.

[0048] The first thermoplastic polymer layer 3 and the second thermoplastic polymer layer 5 are used to connect the outer glass plate 1, the dimming layer 4, and the inner glass plate 6 to form a laminated glass structure. The first thermoplastic polymer layer 3 is a transparent thermoplastic polymer film or a colored thermoplastic polymer film, and the thickness of the first thermoplastic polymer layer 3 is 0.38 mm to 1.52 mm, specifically, it can be 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 0.85 mm, 0.96 mm, 1.28 mm, 1.52 mm, or other values ​​between 0.38 mm and 1.52 mm. The second thermoplastic polymer layer 5 is a transparent thermoplastic polymer film or a colored thermoplastic polymer film. The thickness of the second thermoplastic polymer layer 5 is 0.38 mm to 1.52 mm, specifically, it can be 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 0.85 mm, 0.96 mm, 1.28 mm, 1.52 mm, or other values ​​between 0.38 mm and 1.52 mm.

[0049] The thermoplastic polymer film material can be selected from at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and ionic polymer (SGP). Transparent thermoplastic polymer films have a visible light transmittance greater than or equal to 80%, specifically 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%. Colored thermoplastic polymer films have a visible light transmittance of 1% to 45%, specifically 1%, 7%, 12%, 18%, 24%, 29%, 35%, 40%, 42%, 44%, 45%, or other values ​​between 1% and 45%. Colored thermoplastic polymer films can be gray, green, or blue.

[0050] Specifically, the first thermoplastic polymer layer 3 and the second thermoplastic polymer layer 5 are made of 0.76 mm thick transparent PVB with a visible light transmittance of 88%, or 0.76 mm thick gray PVB with a visible light transmittance of 2%, or 0.76 mm thick gray PVB with a visible light transmittance of 6%, or 0.76 mm thick gray PVB with a visible light transmittance of 8%, or 0.76 mm thick gray PVB with a visible light transmittance of 18%, or 0.76 mm thick gray PVB with a visible light transmittance of 44%.

[0051] like Figure 4The dimming layer 4 includes a first resin substrate 41, a first planar electrode layer 42, a liquid crystal layer 43, a second planar electrode layer 44, and a second resin substrate 45, which are stacked sequentially. The liquid crystal layer 43 is made of polymer network liquid crystal and / or dye liquid crystal. Polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) has a faster response speed and better light blocking capability, while dye liquid crystal (DDLC) can provide more color adjustment, higher contrast, and better photosensitivity, thus providing higher contrast and clearer visual effects, achieving true brightness adjustment, and offering richer and more advanced color performance, meeting the high-quality requirements of modern consumers for dimming products.

[0052] The first resin substrate 41 and the second resin substrate 45 are made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or a mixture containing PET. The PET-containing mixture may also contain polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, or glass fiber. The thickness of the first resin substrate 41 and the second resin substrate 45 is from 50 μm to 500 μm, specifically examples being 50 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, 350 μm, 400 μm, 450 μm, 500 μm, etc., preferably 100 μm to 300 μm. The first resin substrate 41 is located between the first thermoplastic polymer layer 3 and the liquid crystal layer 43, and the second resin substrate 45 is located between the liquid crystal layer 43 and the second thermoplastic polymer layer 5.

[0053] The first planar electrode layer 42 and the second planar electrode layer 44 are transparent conductive layers. The material of the transparent conductive layer is a metal, a metal alloy, or a transparent conductive oxide (TCO). The thickness of the transparent conductive layer is preferably 50 nm to 500 nm, for example, 50 nm, 100 nm, 200 nm, 300 nm, 400 nm, or 500 nm. Examples of transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) include at least one of doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), and fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO). The doped zinc oxide is one or more elements doped with, such as aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium. Specifically, it can be at least one of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), yttrium-doped zinc oxide (YZO), hafnium and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (HAZO), tungsten and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (W-AZO), and gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO). ITO is preferred as the transparent conductive oxide (TCO). Examples of metals include silver (Ag), gold (Au), and copper (Cu). Examples of metal alloys include silver alloys, such as silver-copper alloys, silver-indium alloys, and silver-nickel alloys.

[0054] After laminated glass is installed in a vehicle, the vehicle is frequently exposed to outdoor environments and is subjected to prolonged exposure to sunlight, particularly strong ultraviolet radiation. This application adds a first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 between the outer glass panel 1 and the dimming layer 4. The first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 is a nano-reflective layer and / or a micron-absorbing layer. The stacked structure of the outer glass panel 1, the first ultraviolet shielding layer 2, and the first thermoplastic polymer layer 3 has a first ultraviolet transmittance Tuv1 for ultraviolet rays with wavelengths of 280nm to 400nm traveling from the outer surface of the outer glass panel away from the first ultraviolet shielding layer. Tuv1 ≤ 0.05%, thereby better protecting the polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) and dye-derived liquid crystal (DDLC) from ultraviolet damage and solving the performance degradation or color change problems of the dimming layer 4. Preferably, Tuv1 ≤ 0.03%, or Tuv1 ≤ 0.01%, or even Tuv1 ≤ 0.005%, thus enabling the laminated glass to maintain optimal dimming performance and visual effect for a long time. The method for measuring Tuv1 is as follows: an outer glass plate 1, a first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 and a first thermoplastic polymer layer 3 are stacked together to form a stacked structure. Then, ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 280nm to 400nm is incident perpendicularly onto the first surface of the outer glass plate 1. The transmission spectrum is measured using a spectrophotometer, and the first ultraviolet transmittance Tuv1 is measured according to ISO13837.

[0055] Ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is generally classified into long-wave ultraviolet radiation (UVA: 315nm-400nm), medium-wave ultraviolet radiation (UVB: 280nm-315nm), and short-wave ultraviolet radiation (UVC: 100nm-280nm) according to its wavelength.

[0056] UVA is generally considered a relatively weak form of ultraviolet radiation, but due to its strong penetrating power, prolonged exposure can lead to chronic damage to materials. Experiments show that after approximately 2000 hours of UVA irradiation, the optical properties (such as visible light transmittance and contrast) of polymer network liquid crystals (PNLC) and dye-derived liquid crystals (DDLC) significantly decrease. UVB has higher energy and can cause more direct chemical damage to PNLC and DDLC. Experiments show that after approximately 500 hours of UVB irradiation, the optical properties (such as visible light transmittance and contrast) of PNLC and DDLC significantly decrease. UVC is the most destructive form of ultraviolet radiation, but because UVC is usually absorbed by the ozone layer in the atmosphere, almost no UVC reaches the Earth's surface in normal environments. Therefore, in automotive-grade UV suppression experiments, a mixture of UVA and UVB is used to simulate full-sunlight ultraviolet radiation, specifically testing the transmittance of ultraviolet radiation with wavelengths from 280 nm to 400 nm.

[0057] This application uses Tuv1≤0.01% as an example for analysis: the average ultraviolet radiation intensity of direct sunlight near the Earth's equator at noon is 10W / m. 2 Taking irradiance as an example, Tuv1 ≤ 0.01% means that at least 99.99% of ultraviolet rays can be blocked, which means that the irradiance reaching the dimming layer 4 is only a maximum of 0.001 W / m. 2 For the molecular absorption threshold: a maximum of 0.001 W / m 2 The UV intensity is low, meaning the absorbed energy is unlikely to reach the threshold for damaging the molecular structure of polymer network liquid crystals and dye liquid crystals; that is, insufficient to cause molecular structural damage such as the breaking of chemical bonds or rearrangement of molecular structures. Regarding cumulative effects: molecular structural damage may also be a result of cumulative effects, such as 0.1 W / m 2 The intensity of ultraviolet radiation can accelerate the cumulative effect, so the maximum is 0.001 W / m. 2 The intensity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation significantly slows down this process, meaning that polymer network liquid crystals (PLCs) and dye-based liquid crystals have more time to repair minor damage, or the laminated glass may no longer be exposed to UV radiation before the damage accumulates to a significant extent. Regarding the heating effect: UV absorption also causes localized molecular heating in polymer network liquid crystals and dye-based liquid crystals, which may accelerate chemical reactions, leading to faster damage to the molecular structure, up to 0.001 W / m. 2 The intensity of ultraviolet radiation can reduce this heating effect.

[0058] This application continues to use dye-dissolved liquid crystal (DDLC) as an example for analysis: assuming that the size of a dye molecule is approximately 1 nanometer (10⁻¹⁰). -9 Each dye molecule occupies one cubic nanometer of space, so each square meter of DDLC has approximately 1 / (10^3) ​​of the space required for its dyes. -9 )2=10 18 One dye molecule. The energy of each UVA photon is E = hc / λ ≈ 5 × 10⁻⁶. -19 J, where h is Planck's constant (6.63 × 10⁻⁶). -34 J·s), c is the speed of light (3×10⁻⁶ s), where c is the speed of light (3×10⁻⁶ s). 8 (m / s), λ is the wavelength (approximately 400nm). Number of photons per square meter: Ultraviolet intensity is 0.001W / m². 2 That is, 0.001 J of energy per square meter per second. Therefore, the number of photons = total energy / energy per photon = 0.001 / 5 × 10⁻⁶. -19 ≈2×10 15 That is, 2 × 10 per second per square meter 15 Therefore, the probability of each dye molecule being hit by a UVA photon is 2 × 10⁻⁶ photons. 15 / 10 18=0.002, meaning the probability of each dye molecule being hit by a photon per second is approximately 0.002, or on average, one UVA photon hits each dye molecule once every 500 seconds—a very small probability. Furthermore, a single, discrete hit typically does not cause denaturation of the dye molecule. The dye molecule can absorb the photon's energy and enter an excited state, then return to the ground state through a non-radiative transition (such as thermal release) without altering its chemical structure. Therefore, Tuv1 ≤ 0.01% can reduce the damage of ultraviolet light to dye-derived liquid crystals (DDLCs) to negligible levels, thereby maximizing the protection of DDLCs.

[0059] exist Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this design, a first ultraviolet (UV) shielding layer 2 is disposed between the outer glass plate 1 and the first thermoplastic polymer layer 3. The first UV shielding layer 2 can be either a nano-reflective layer or a micron-absorbing layer. It is understood that the first UV shielding layer 2 can be both a nano-reflective layer and a micron-absorbing layer, i.e., both can be simultaneously disposed. For example, a nano-reflective layer can be directly disposed on the second surface of the outer glass plate 1, and then a micron-absorbing layer can be disposed on top of the nano-reflective layer; or a micron-absorbing layer can be directly disposed on the second surface of the outer glass plate 1, and then a nano-reflective layer can be disposed on top of the nano-reflective layer; or a nano-reflective layer can be disposed between the outer glass plate 1 and the first thermoplastic polymer layer 3, and a micron-absorbing layer can be disposed between the first thermoplastic polymer layer 3 and the first resin substrate 41. When both a nano-reflective layer and a micron-absorbing layer are simultaneously disposed, it is preferable that the nano-reflective layer is closer to the outer glass plate 1 than the micron-absorbing layer, so that more UV light can be reflected, preventing more reflected UV light from entering the laminated glass.

[0060] The nano-reflective layer blocks ultraviolet light transmission to prevent damage to the dimming layer 4. The thickness of the nano-reflective layer is 100nm–500nm. The nano-reflective layer has a second ultraviolet transmittance, Tuv2, for ultraviolet light with wavelengths of 280nm–400nm, where Tuv2 ≤ 10%. Preferably, Tuv2 ≤ 8%, more preferably Tuv2 ≤ 5%, and even more preferably Tuv2 ≤ 3%, thus enabling the laminated glass to maintain optimal dimming performance and visual effect over a long period. The Tuv2 measurement method is as follows: the nano-reflective layer is deposited onto one surface of a 2.1mm thick transparent glass plate with a visible light transmittance of 88%. Then, ultraviolet light with wavelengths of 280nm–400nm is incident perpendicularly onto the other surface of the transparent glass plate. The transmission spectrum is measured using a spectrophotometer, and the second ultraviolet transmittance, Tuv2, is measured according to ISO 13837.

[0061] Specifically, the nano-reflective layer includes at least two first metal layers and at least three first dielectric layers, with each first metal layer located between two adjacent first dielectric layers; the material of the first metal layer is selected from at least one of silver metal and silver alloy, wherein the silver alloy is an alloy of silver with at least one of gold, aluminum, copper, indium and platinum; wherein the first metal layer can reflect infrared and ultraviolet rays, which can give the laminated glass excellent heat insulation performance, thereby improving the thermal comfort of the in-vehicle environment, and can also shield ultraviolet rays to protect the dimming layer 4.

[0062] The nano-reflective layer can specifically be a double-silver nano-coating, a triple-silver nano-coating, or a quadruple-silver nano-coating. A double-silver nano-coating is a transparent nano-coating with two silver layers and at least three first dielectric layers; a triple-silver nano-coating is a transparent nano-coating with three silver layers and at least four first dielectric layers; and a quadruple-silver nano-coating is a transparent nano-coating with four silver layers and at least five first dielectric layers. Preferably, the total solar transmittance of the laminated glass with the nano-reflective layer is less than or equal to 20%, more preferably less than or equal to 15%, and even less than or equal to 13%. The lower the total solar transmittance, the better the thermal insulation performance of the laminated glass.

[0063] The material of the first dielectric layer is selected from at least one oxide, nitride, or oxynitride selected from Zn, Ti, Si, Al, Sn, Se, Zr, Ni, In, Cr, W, Ca, Y, Nb, Cu, and Sm, such as ZnSnOx, TiOx, SiNx, SiOx, and NbOx. Preferably, at least one material of the first dielectric layer is titanium oxide (TiOx). Titanium oxide (TiOx) can improve the blocking effect of the nano-reflective layer on ultraviolet light, thereby further reducing the second ultraviolet transmittance (Tuv2). The physical thickness of the first dielectric layer containing TiOx is 5 nm to 80 nm, such as 5 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60 nm, 70 nm, and 80 nm, preferably 10 nm to 50 nm.

[0064] The nano-reflective layer further includes a nano-absorbing layer in direct contact with the first metal layer. The nano-absorbing layer is disposed above the first metal layer, and / or below the first metal layer. The material of the nano-absorbing layer is selected from at least one of NiCr, NiAl, NiSi, Cr, TiN, NbN, and MoTi. The nano-absorbing layer can also improve the blocking effect of the nano-reflective layer on ultraviolet light, thereby further reducing the second ultraviolet transmittance Tuv2. The physical thickness of the absorbing layer is 5 nm to 40 nm, such as 5 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, etc., preferably 10 nm to 20 nm.

[0065] The micron-absorbing layer absorbs ultraviolet light to prevent damage to the dimming layer 4. The thickness of the micron-absorbing layer is 2μm to 20μm, for example, 2μm, 5μm, 8μm, 10μm, 12μm, 15μm, 17μm, or 20μm. More preferably, the thickness of the micron-absorbing layer is 5 to 15μm. The micron-absorbing layer has a third ultraviolet transmittance (Tuv3) for ultraviolet light with wavelengths from 280nm to 400nm, where Tuv3 ≤ 1%, preferably ≤ 0.5%, more preferably ≤ 0.1%, and even ≤ 0.05%, thereby enabling the laminated glass to maintain optimal dimming performance and visual effect over a long period. The method for measuring Tuv3 is as follows: a micron-sized absorption layer is coated onto one surface of a 2.1 mm thick transparent glass plate with a visible light transmittance of 88%. Then, ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 280 nm to 400 nm is incident perpendicularly onto the other surface of the transparent glass plate. The transmission spectrum is measured using a spectrophotometer, and the third ultraviolet transmittance Tuv3 is measured according to ISO 13837.

[0066] Specifically, the micron-sized absorbing layer comprises silica and an ultraviolet (UV) blocking material, wherein the UV blocking material is selected from at least one of organic UV absorbers and inorganic UV nanoparticles. The micron-sized absorbing layer can be formed by surface coating techniques, such as spraying, wiping, flow coating, brushing, or dip coating, as well as composite coating methods combining ultrasonic, centrifugal, or rotational techniques.

[0067] The organic ultraviolet absorber is selected from at least one of benzophenone-based ultraviolet absorbers, benzimidazole-based ultraviolet absorbers, and triazine-based ultraviolet absorbers; wherein the maximum absorption peak of the organic ultraviolet absorber is in the wavelength range of 330 nm to 390 nm. Considering the coating uniformity and performance, the hydroxyl content in the organic ultraviolet absorber is preferably greater than or equal to 5% by mass percentage.

[0068] Examples of benzophenone-based ultraviolet absorbers include 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2',3 (or any one of 4, 5, 6)-trihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxy-2',4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, and 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone.

[0069] Specific examples of benzimidazole-based ultraviolet absorbers include 2-(2H-benzotriazole-2)-4,6-di(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol (UV absorber, trade name UV-234), 2-(5-chloro(2H)-benzotriazole-2-yl)-4-methyl-6-(tert-butyl)phenol, octyl-3-[3-tert-4-hydroxy-5-[5-chloro-2H-benzotriazole-2-yl]propionate, 2-(2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, and 2-[2-hydroxy-3-(3, [4,5,6-Tetrahydrophthalimide-methyl]-5-methylphenyl]benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, methyl 3-(3-(2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 2-(2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol, 2-(2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)-6-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol, etc.

[0070] Examples of triazine-based ultraviolet absorbers include 2-[4-[(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl)oxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[4-[(2-hydroxy-3-(2'-ethylhexyl)oxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-butoxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-bis-butoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-[1-octylcarbonylethoxy]phenyl)-4,6-bis(4-phenylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, and TINUVIN477 (trade name, manufactured by Ciba Japan Co., Ltd.).

[0071] The aforementioned organic ultraviolet absorbers can absorb ultraviolet rays with a wide wavelength range. In this invention, these organic ultraviolet absorbers can be used alone or in combination of two or more, depending on actual needs.

[0072] The average particle size of the inorganic ultraviolet nanoparticles is 10 nm to 100 nm, specifically 10 nm, 30 nm, 50 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, etc. The inorganic ultraviolet nanoparticles are selected from at least one of titanium oxide (TiOx) nanoparticles, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, and cerium oxide (CeOx) nanoparticles.

[0073] Optionally, the micron-absorbing layer may also include at least one of infrared blocking nanoparticles and blue light absorbers.

[0074] Infrared blocking nanoparticles can reduce the infrared transmittance of a micron-sized absorption layer, thereby enabling laminated glass with a micron-sized absorption layer to provide thermal insulation. The average particle size of these infrared blocking nanoparticles ranges from 10 nm to 200 nm, with specific examples including 10 nm, 30 nm, 50 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 150 nm, and 200 nm. The infrared blocking nanoparticles are selected from indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles and cesium tungsten bronze (Cs). x At least one of WO3 nanoparticles and antimony tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles.

[0075] Blue light absorbers can reduce the blue light transmittance of the micron-sized absorption layer. Blue light is generally defined as light with a wavelength range of 400nm to 500nm, among which short-wavelength blue light in the 400nm to 420nm range has higher energy and can cause some damage to the dimming layer 4. The blue light absorber selected in this application has its maximum absorption peak in the wavelength range of 400nm to 420nm, and is preferably selected from at least one of azo blue light absorbers, isoindolineone blue light absorbers, quinoline ketone blue light absorbers, benzimidazolone blue light absorbers, and organic-inorganic composite blue light absorbers. Considering the coating uniformity and performance, the hydroxyl content in the blue light absorber is preferably greater than or equal to 5% by mass percentage.

[0076] Examples of azo blue light absorbers include azophenyl methacrylate, 2-[(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)azo]-3-oxo-N-phenylbutyramide, 2-[(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)azo]-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-oxo-butyramide, JEDYING 1226 (trade name, manufactured by Qingdao JEDYING New Material Technology Co., Ltd.), and 2'-(3,3'-dichloro-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-bisazo)bis[N-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-butyramide].

[0077] Examples of isoindolinone-based blue light absorbers include 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-methyleneindoline, 3,3'-[(2-methyl-1,3-phenylene)diimino]bis[4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-1H-isoindolinone], hexachloroisoindolinone, and 2-[[3,3'-dichloro-4'-[[1-[[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2-oxopropyl]azo][1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl]-azo]-N-(2-methylphenyl)-3-oxo-butyramide, etc.

[0078] Examples of quinoline blue light absorbers include 3-(2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-quinolinyl) acrolein and 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-N-[2-(4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-2-indenyl)-8-quinoline] phthalimide.

[0079] Examples of benzimidazole ketone blue light absorbers include 2-(2-hydroxy-5-isoacrylate ethylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 5-[[1-[[(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazole-5-yl)amino]carbonyl], 2-[[1-[[(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazole-5-yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-oxopropyl]azo]-1,4-phthalic acid dimethyl ester, and Jiedeying 1227 (trade name, manufactured by Qingdao Jiedejia New Material Technology Co., Ltd.), etc.

[0080] Examples of organic-inorganic composite blue light absorbers include U400 (trade name, manufactured by Shanghai Huzheng Nanotechnology Co., Ltd.), U410 (trade name, manufactured by Shanghai Huzheng Nanotechnology Co., Ltd.), U420 (trade name, manufactured by Shanghai Huzheng Nanotechnology Co., Ltd.), and U460 (trade name, manufactured by Shanghai Huzheng Nanotechnology Co., Ltd.).

[0081] exist Figure 2 In this process, the laminated glass also includes a second ultraviolet shielding layer 7, which can further improve the shielding effect of the laminated glass against ultraviolet rays. The second ultraviolet shielding layer 7 is disposed between the first thermoplastic polymer layer 3 and the dimming layer 4, so that the ultraviolet rays incident on the dimming layer 4 are minimized. The second ultraviolet shielding layer 7 provided in this application is a micron-sized reflective layer.

[0082] The micron-reflective layer reflects ultraviolet light to prevent damage to the dimming layer 4. The thickness of the micron-reflective layer is 50μm to 200μm, specifically 50μm, 80μm, 100μm, 120μm, 150μm, 180μm, or 200μm. More preferably, the thickness of the micron-reflective layer is 80μm to 150μm. The micron-reflective layer has a fourth ultraviolet transmittance, Tuv4, for ultraviolet light with wavelengths from 280nm to 400nm, where Tuv4 ≤ 10%. Preferably, Tuv4 ≤ 8%, or Tuv4 ≤ 5%, or Tuv4 ≤ 3%, or Tuv4 ≤ 1%, thereby enabling the laminated glass to maintain optimal dimming performance and visual effect over a long period. The method for measuring Tuv4 is as follows: a micron-sized reflective layer is attached to one surface of a 2.1 mm thick transparent glass plate with a visible light transmittance of 88%. Then, ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 280 nm to 400 nm is incident perpendicularly onto the other surface of the transparent glass plate. The transmission spectrum is measured using a spectrophotometer, and the fourth ultraviolet transmittance, Tuv4, is measured according to ISO 13837.

[0083] Specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, the micron-sized reflective layer includes a resin film 71 and a functional reflective layer 72 disposed on the resin film 71. The functional reflective layer 72 can be an inorganic metal reflective layer, an inorganic dielectric reflective layer, or an organic reflective layer. The material of the resin film 71 is preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). The inorganic metal reflective layer, inorganic dielectric reflective layer, or organic reflective layer can be located between the resin film 71 and the first thermoplastic polymer layer 3, or between the resin film 71 and the dimming layer 4.

[0084] The inorganic metal reflective layer comprises at least one second metal layer and at least two second dielectric layers, with each second metal layer located between two adjacent second dielectric layers. The material of the second metal layer is selected from at least one of silver metal and silver alloys, wherein the silver alloy is an alloy of silver with at least one of gold, aluminum, copper, indium, and platinum. The material of the second dielectric layer is selected from at least one nitride, oxide, or oxynitride of Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Mg, and Zr. The inorganic dielectric reflective layer comprises multiple alternating layers of high refractive index layers and low refractive index layers, wherein the material of the high refractive index layers is an inorganic oxide or an inorganic nitride. The high-refractive-index layer has a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.0, and the low-refractive-index layer is made of inorganic oxide with a refractive index less than or equal to 1.8. The organic reflective layer comprises multiple alternating layers of organic polymers, the materials of which are selected from at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polylactic acid, poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), polyvinylidene fluoride, cyclic polyolefins, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyphenylene sulfide, or polyetherimide.

[0085] exist Figure 3 In this application, the laminated glass also includes a low-emissivity layer 8, which is disposed on the fourth surface of the inner glass plate 6 away from the second thermoplastic polymer layer 5. The low-emissivity layer 8 gives the laminated glass low emissivity, which helps to improve the heat insulation effect in summer and the heat preservation effect in winter. Preferably, the emissivity of the laminated glass measured from the side of the low-emissivity layer 8 is less than or equal to 0.3, or less than or equal to 0.25, or less than or equal to 0.2.

[0086] In some embodiments, the visible light reflectance of the laminated glass, measured from the low-emissivity layer 8 side, is less than or equal to 4%. By making the visible light reflectance low, the phenomenon of obvious reflections of passengers and objects inside the vehicle on the laminated glass due to specular reflection can be reduced or even eliminated, avoiding visual interference to passengers, especially rear passengers, and improving the passenger experience. Preferably, the visible light reflectance is less than or equal to 3%. More preferably, the visible light reflectance is less than or equal to 2%.

[0087] The low-emissivity layer 8 includes at least one transparent conductive oxide layer. The material of the transparent conductive oxide layer is selected from at least one of doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), chromium-doped nickel oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), and zinc tin oxide (ZTO). The doped zinc oxide is zinc oxide doped with at least one element selected from aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium. The total thickness of all transparent conductive oxide layers is 50 nm to 300 nm, specifically 50 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 120 nm, 150 nm, 180 nm, 200 nm, 250 nm, or 300 nm. The low-emissivity layer 8 also includes at least two third dielectric layers. Each transparent conductive oxide layer is located between two adjacent third dielectric layers. The third dielectric layer is a nitride, oxide, or oxynitride selected from at least one element selected from Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Mg, and Zr.

[0088] In this application, the dimming layer 4 is used to adjust the visible light transmittance and haze of the laminated glass to meet the optical performance requirements of different application scenarios. The laminated glass has a light-transmitting state and a light-blocking state. The laminated glass in the light-transmitting state has a first visible light transmittance TL1, and the laminated glass in the light-blocking state has a second visible light transmittance TL2. The ratio of TL1 to TL2, TL1 / TL2 ≥ 2, can be exemplified by 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 80, 100, etc. Preferably, TL1 / TL2 ≥ 5, or TL1 / TL2 ≥ 10, or TL1 / TL2 ≥ 15, or TL1 / TL2 ≥ 20.

[0089] Specifically, the dimming layer 4 is in a transparent state when powered on and in a light-blocking state when powered off; or, the light layer 4 is in a light-blocking state when powered on and in a transparent state when powered off. A higher TL1 / TL2 ratio results in a brighter display in the transparent state and a darker display in the light-blocking state, thus meeting the requirement for higher contrast. TL1 ranges from 2% to 70%, and TL2 ranges from 0.1% to 20%, for example, TL1 = 2%, TL2 = 0.1%, or TL1 = 5%, TL2 = 1%, or TL1 = 10%, TL2 = 0.5%, or TL1 = 20%, TL2 = 5%, or TL1 = 50%, TL2 = 2%, or TL1 = 70%, TL2 = 10%, etc. Preferably, the dimming layer 4 has a high response speed, and the time for the laminated glass to change from TL1 to TL2 is t, t≤100ms, more preferably t≤50ms, or even t≤10ms, to meet the requirements of fast dimming.

[0090] This application, by adding a first ultraviolet shielding layer 2, or adding a first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 and a second ultraviolet shielding layer 7, can maximize the protection of the dimming layer 4. When the laminated glass provided in this application is subjected to a xenon lamp aging test, for example, a 2000-hour xenon lamp aging test from the outer glass panel 1 side, the laminated glass in the light-transmitting state has a third visible light transmittance TL3, |TL3-TL1|≤2%, where |TL3-TL1| represents the absolute value of the difference between TL3 and TL1. This indicates that the first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 successfully blocks ultraviolet rays, ensuring that the visible light transmittance of the dimming layer 4 does not change significantly before and after the test, maintaining its original light transmittance. More preferably, |TL3-TL1|≤1.5%, or |TL3-TL1|≤1%, or |TL3-TL1|≤0.5%.

[0091] The laminated glass provided in this application has a dimming layer 4. The liquid crystal layer 43 in the dimming layer 4 is made of polymer network liquid crystal and / or dye liquid crystal. The liquid crystal layer 43 is non-uniform. The non-uniformity of the liquid crystal layer 43 causes the light propagation to deviate from its original direction and disperse in various directions, resulting in the light trajectory being clearly visible from the side. This is the phenomenon of light scattering. Reducing light scattering can improve the transparency and visual effect of the laminated glass. By adding a first ultraviolet shielding layer 2, or adding a first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 and a second ultraviolet shielding layer 7, the scattering of the laminated glass can be reduced to the greatest extent. The laminated glass in the light-transmitting state has a scattering rate S, where S≤0.25, thereby giving the laminated glass better transparency and a clearer visual effect. Preferably, S≤0.2, or S≤0.18, or S≤0.15, or S≤0.12, or S≤0.1, or S≤0.08, etc. The method for measuring scattering rate is as follows: Prepare laminated glass and ensure it is in a light-transmitting state. Measure the haze H of the laminated glass from one side of its inner surface using a haze meter. Then, calculate the haze using the formula... Calculate the scattering rate S.

[0092] This application can also improve the transmittance of visible light in the human eye's sensitive wavelength range by adding a first ultraviolet shielding layer 2, or by adding a first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 and a second ultraviolet shielding layer 7. Among them, the human eye with normal vision is most sensitive to electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of about 555nm. Therefore, the radiation energy at a wavelength of 555nm is usually taken as the reference point for the relative spectral power distribution. Based on this, this application takes 450nm to 650nm as the main wavelength range of the visible light band. The laminated glass with the first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 has a fourth transmittance TL4 in the wavelength range of 450nm to 650nm when it is in a transparent state. The laminated glass without the first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 has a fifth transmittance TL5 in the wavelength range of 450nm to 650nm when it is in a transparent state. By adding the first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 or adding the first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 and the second ultraviolet shielding layer 7, the transmittance of the laminated glass in the main wavelength range of the visible light band can be improved. Preferably, TL4 / TL5 = 101% to 110%, and specific examples can be 101%, 102%, 103%, 104%, 105%, 106%, 107%, 108%, 109%, or 110%, etc.

[0093] This application also provides a vehicle, which may be, but is not limited to, a sedan, a multi-purpose vehicle (MPV), a sport / suburban utility vehicle (SUV), an off-road vehicle (ORV), a pickup truck, a van, a bus, a truck, etc. The laminated glass may be, but is not limited to, a sunroof, side window, or rear windshield of the vehicle. The specific embodiments described in this application only use laminated glass as a sunroof.

[0094] The vehicle provided in this application includes a power supply, a control device, and laminated glass. The laminated glass can be fixedly installed at an opening in the roof of the vehicle. The power supply and control device are installed in the vehicle body. The positive terminal of the power supply is connected to a first planar electrode layer 42, and the negative terminal of the power supply is connected to a second planar electrode layer 44. The control device controls the laminated glass to be in a light-transmitting state or a light-blocking state. When the laminated glass is in a light-transmitting state, it has a higher visible light transmittance; when the laminated glass is in a light-blocking state, it has a lower visible light transmittance, thus achieving a brighter light when in a light-transmitting state and a darker light when in a light-blocking state.

[0095] Example 1

[0096] This embodiment provides a specific type of laminated glass, such as... Figure 1As shown, it includes an outer glass plate 1, a first ultraviolet shielding layer 2, a first thermoplastic polymer layer 3, a dimming layer 4, a second thermoplastic polymer layer 5, and an inner glass plate 6, which are stacked sequentially. Wherein:

[0097] The outer glass panel 1 is a 2.1mm thick transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 89%;

[0098] The first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 is a nano-reflective layer; the nano-reflective layer includes two first metal layers and three first dielectric layers, specifically: first dielectric layer (ZnSnOx 20nm / AZO 10nm) / nano-absorbing layer (NiCr 5nm) / first metal layer (Ag 10nm) / first dielectric layer (TiOx 8nm / AZO 10nm / ZnSnOx 40nm / AZO 10nm / TiOx 5nm) / first metal layer (Ag 10nm) / nano-absorbing layer (NiCr 5nm) / first dielectric layer (AZO 10nm / ZnSnOx 20nm / TiOx 20nm);

[0099] The nano-reflective layer is deposited on the second surface of the outer glass plate 1 by magnetron sputtering. The thickness of the nano-reflective layer is 183 nm. The nano-reflective layer has a second ultraviolet transmittance Tuv2 for ultraviolet rays with wavelengths of 280 nm to 400 nm, and Tuv2 is 9.8%.

[0100] The first thermoplastic polymer layer 3 is made of gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 44%.

[0101] The laminated structure formed by the outer glass plate 1, the first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 and the first thermoplastic polymer layer 3 has a first ultraviolet transmittance Tuv1 for ultraviolet rays with wavelengths of 280nm to 400nm, Tuv1 = 0.01%.

[0102] The dimming layer 4 is a commercially available polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) dimming film;

[0103] The second thermoplastic polymer layer 5 is made of gray PVB with a thickness of 0.38 mm and a visible light transmittance of 18%.

[0104] The inner glass plate 6 is 2.1mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 83%.

[0105] Laminated glass has a light-transmitting state and a light-blocking state. In the light-transmitting state, the laminated glass has a first visible light transmittance TL1, which is 10.3%. In the light-blocking state, the laminated glass has a second visible light transmittance TL2, which is 4.2%. The ratio of TL1 to TL2 is 2.45. The time t for the laminated glass to change from TL1 to TL2 is 20 ms.

[0106] The laminated glass underwent a xenon lamp aging test. After 2000 hours of xenon lamp aging test on the laminated glass from the outer glass plate 1 side, the laminated glass in the light-transmitting state had a third visible light transmittance TL3, and |TL3-TL1| was 1.2%.

[0107] With the laminated glass in a light-transmitting state, the haze of the laminated glass is measured using a haze meter from the inner surface side and is H = 0.9%. According to the formula... Calculate the scattering rate S, where S is 0.09.

[0108] With 450nm to 650nm as the main wavelength range of the visible light band, the laminated glass with the first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 has a fourth transmittance TL4 in the wavelength range of 450nm to 650nm when it is in a transparent state, and the laminated glass without the first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 has a fifth transmittance TL5 in the wavelength range of 450nm to 650nm when it is in a transparent state, and TL4 / TL5 = 105%.

[0109] Example 2

[0110] This embodiment provides a specific laminated glass, which includes an outer glass plate 1, a first ultraviolet shielding layer 2, a first thermoplastic polymer layer 3, a light-regulating layer 4, a second thermoplastic polymer layer 5, and an inner glass plate 6, which are sequentially stacked. Wherein:

[0111] The outer glass panel 1 is a 2.1mm thick transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 89%;

[0112] The first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 is a micron-absorbing layer; the micron-absorbing layer is formed by curing a micron-absorbing coating liquid; the thickness of the micron-absorbing layer is 5.2 μm; the micron-absorbing layer has a third ultraviolet transmittance Tuv3 for ultraviolet rays with wavelengths of 280 nm to 400 nm, and Tuv3 is 0.01%;

[0113] The micron-absorbing coating solution was applied to the second surface of the outer glass plate 1 using a wire bar coater. After static leveling and pre-drying and curing with an infrared lamp, a micron-absorbing layer was finally obtained. The micron-absorbing coating solution was obtained by mixing and stirring 10g of silica sol and 1g of chelating agent. The silica sol was obtained by stirring 13.56g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 20g of anhydrous ethanol, 30g of isopropanol, 5.18g of γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 0.1g of 10% nitric acid and 12.5g of deionized water in a 40°C water bath. The chelating agent was obtained by mixing 10g of BP-2 ultraviolet absorber, 10g of U410 blue light absorber, 55g of butyl acetate solvent, 0.15g of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst and 25g of γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane in a 100°C constant temperature oil bath and then naturally cooling to room temperature.

[0114] The first thermoplastic polymer layer 3 is made of gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 5%.

[0115] The laminated structure formed by the outer glass plate 1, the first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 and the first thermoplastic polymer layer 3 has a first ultraviolet transmittance Tuv1 for ultraviolet rays with wavelengths of 280nm to 400nm, Tuv1 = 0.005%.

[0116] The dimming layer 4 is a commercially available dye-dissolved liquid crystal (DDLC) dimming film;

[0117] The second thermoplastic polymer layer 5 is made of 0.76 mm thick transparent PVB with a visible light transmittance of 88%.

[0118] The inner glass plate 6 is 2.1mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 83%.

[0119] Laminated glass has a light-transmitting state and a light-blocking state. In the light-transmitting state, the laminated glass has a first visible light transmittance TL1, which is 3.8%. In the light-blocking state, the laminated glass has a second visible light transmittance TL2, which is 1.2%. The ratio of TL1 to TL2 is 3.17. The time t for the laminated glass to change from TL1 to TL2 is 16 ms.

[0120] The laminated glass underwent a xenon lamp aging test. After 2000 hours of xenon lamp aging test on the laminated glass from the outer glass plate 1 side, the laminated glass in the light-transmitting state had a third visible light transmittance TL3, and |TL3-TL1| was 0.9%.

[0121] With the laminated glass in a light-transmitting state, the haze of the laminated glass is measured using a haze meter from the inner surface side and is H = 0.5%. According to the formula... Calculate the scattering rate S, where S is 0.13.

[0122] With 450nm to 650nm as the main wavelength range of the visible light band, the laminated glass with the first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 has a fourth transmittance TL4 in the wavelength range of 450nm to 650nm when it is in a transparent state, and the laminated glass without the first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 has a fifth transmittance TL5 in the wavelength range of 450nm to 650nm when it is in a transparent state, and TL4 / TL5 = 103%.

[0123] Example 3

[0124] This embodiment provides a specific type of laminated glass, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes an outer glass plate 1, a first ultraviolet shielding layer 2, a first thermoplastic polymer layer 3, a second ultraviolet shielding layer 7, a dimming layer 4, a second thermoplastic polymer layer 5, and an inner glass plate 6, which are stacked sequentially. Wherein:

[0125] The outer glass panel 1 is a 2.1mm thick transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 89%;

[0126] The first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 is a micron-absorbing layer; the micron-absorbing layer is formed by curing a micron-absorbing coating liquid; the thickness of the micron-absorbing layer is 5.2 μm; the micron-absorbing layer has a third ultraviolet transmittance Tuv3 for ultraviolet rays with wavelengths of 280 nm to 400 nm, and Tuv3 is 0.03%;

[0127] The micron-absorbing coating solution was applied to the second surface of the outer glass plate 1 using a wire bar coater. After static leveling and pre-drying and curing with an infrared lamp, a micron-absorbing layer was finally obtained. The micron-absorbing coating solution was obtained by mixing and stirring 20g of silica sol and 1.5g of chelating agent. The silica sol was obtained by stirring 13.56g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 22g of anhydrous ethanol, 28g of isopropanol, 5.18g of γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 0.1g of 10% nitric acid and 12.5g of deionized water in a 40°C water bath. The chelating agent was obtained by mixing 10g of BP-2 ultraviolet absorber, 10g of U420 blue light absorber, 55g of butyl acetate solvent, 0.15g of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst and 25g of γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane in a 100°C constant temperature oil bath and then naturally cooling to room temperature.

[0128] The first thermoplastic polymer layer 3 is made of 0.76 mm thick transparent PVB with a visible light transmittance of 88%.

[0129] The laminated structure formed by the outer glass plate 1, the first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 and the first thermoplastic polymer layer 3 has a first ultraviolet transmittance Tuv1 for ultraviolet rays with wavelengths of 280nm to 400nm, Tuv1 = 0.01%.

[0130] The second ultraviolet shielding layer 7 is a commercially available 50μm thick Southwall XIR film;

[0131] The dimming layer 4 is a commercially available polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) dimming film;

[0132] The second thermoplastic polymer layer 5 is made of gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 8%.

[0133] The inner glass plate 6 is 2.1mm thick and is transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 89%.

[0134] Laminated glass has a light-transmitting state and a light-blocking state. In the light-transmitting state, the laminated glass has a first visible light transmittance TL1, which is 6.3%. In the light-blocking state, the laminated glass has a second visible light transmittance TL2, which is 2.02%. The ratio of TL1 to TL2 is 3.12. The time t for the laminated glass to change from TL1 to TL2 is 18 ms.

[0135] The laminated glass underwent a xenon lamp aging test. After 2000 hours of xenon lamp aging test on the laminated glass from the outer glass plate 1 side, the laminated glass in the light-transmitting state had a third visible light transmittance TL3, and |TL3-TL1| was 0.5%.

[0136] With the laminated glass in a light-transmitting state, the haze of the laminated glass is measured using a haze meter from the inner surface side and is H = 0.5%. According to the formula... Calculate the scattering rate S, where S is 0.08.

[0137] With 450nm to 650nm as the main wavelength range of the visible light band, the laminated glass with the first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 has a fourth transmittance TL4 in the wavelength range of 450nm to 650nm when it is in a transparent state, and the laminated glass without the first ultraviolet shielding layer 2 has a fifth transmittance TL5 in the wavelength range of 450nm to 650nm when it is in a transparent state, and TL4 / TL5 = 106%.

[0138] In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the terms used do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as features of different embodiments or examples, without contradiction. The above are merely embodiments of this specification and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this specification. Various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments of this specification by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of the embodiments of this specification should be included within the scope of the claims of the embodiments of this specification.

Claims

1. A laminated glass, characterized in that, It includes an outer glass plate, a first ultraviolet shielding layer, a first thermoplastic polymer layer, a dimming layer, a second thermoplastic polymer layer, and an inner glass plate, which are stacked in sequence. The dimming layer includes a first resin substrate, a first planar electrode layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second planar electrode layer, and a second resin substrate, which are stacked sequentially. The liquid crystal layer is made of polymer network liquid crystal and / or dye liquid crystal; The first ultraviolet shielding layer is a nano-reflective layer and / or a micro-absorbing layer; The laminated structure formed by the outer glass plate, the first ultraviolet shielding layer, and the first thermoplastic polymer layer has a first ultraviolet transmittance Tuv1 for ultraviolet rays with wavelengths of 280nm to 400nm, wherein Tuv1 ≤ 0.05%; The laminated glass has a light-transmitting state and a light-blocking state. The laminated glass in the light-transmitting state has a first visible light transmittance TL1, and the laminated glass in the light-blocking state has a second visible light transmittance TL2, where TL1 / TL2≥2. When the laminated glass with the first ultraviolet shielding layer is in a transparent state, it has a fourth transmittance TL4 in the wavelength range of 450nm to 650nm. When the laminated glass without the first ultraviolet shielding layer is in a transparent state, it has a fifth transmittance TL5 in the wavelength range of 450nm to 650nm. TL4 / TL5 = 101% to 110%.

2. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the nano-reflective layer is 100nm to 500nm, and the nano-reflective layer has a second ultraviolet transmittance Tuv2 for ultraviolet rays with wavelengths of 280nm to 400nm, wherein Tuv2 ≤ 10%.

3. The laminated glass according to claim 2, characterized in that, The nano-reflective layer includes at least two first metal layers and at least three first dielectric layers, with a first metal layer disposed between two adjacent first dielectric layers; The material of the first metal layer is selected from at least one of a first silver metal and a first silver alloy; the first silver alloy is an alloy of silver metal and at least one of gold, aluminum, copper, indium and platinum. The material of the first dielectric layer is selected from oxides, nitrides or nitrogen oxides of at least one element selected from Zn, Ti, Si, Al, Sn, Se, Zr, Ni, In, Cr, W, Ca, Y, Nb, Cu, and Sm.

4. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the micron-absorbing layer is 2μm to 20μm, and the micron-absorbing layer has a third ultraviolet transmittance Tuv3 for ultraviolet light with wavelengths of 280nm to 400nm, wherein Tuv3 ≤ 1%.

5. The laminated glass according to claim 4, characterized in that, The material of the micron-absorbing layer includes silicon dioxide and ultraviolet blocking material. The ultraviolet blocking material is selected from at least one of organic ultraviolet absorbers and inorganic ultraviolet nanoparticles. The average particle size of the inorganic ultraviolet nanoparticles is 10 nm to 100 nm. The organic ultraviolet absorber is selected from at least one of benzophenone ultraviolet absorbers, benzimidazole ultraviolet absorbers, and triazine ultraviolet absorbers; The inorganic ultraviolet nanoparticles are selected from at least one of titanium oxide nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and cerium oxide nanoparticles.

6. The laminated glass according to claim 5, characterized in that, The material of the micron-absorbing layer also includes at least one of infrared blocking nanoparticles and blue light absorbers; The infrared blocking nanoparticles have an average particle size of 10 nm to 200 nm, and the infrared blocking nanoparticles are selected from at least one of indium tin oxide nanoparticles, cesium tungsten bronze nanoparticles, and tin antimony oxide nanoparticles. The blue light absorber is selected from at least one of azo blue light absorbers, isoindolinone blue light absorbers, quinoline ketone blue light absorbers, benzimidazolone blue light absorbers, and organic-inorganic composite blue light absorbers.

7. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laminated glass further includes a second ultraviolet shielding layer disposed between the first thermoplastic polymer layer and the dimming layer; The second ultraviolet shielding layer is a micron-sized reflective layer with a thickness of 50μm to 200μm. The micron-sized reflective layer has a fourth ultraviolet transmittance, Tuv4, for ultraviolet rays with wavelengths of 280nm to 400nm, and Tuv4 is ≤10%.

8. The laminated glass according to claim 7, characterized in that, The micron-sized reflective layer includes a resin film and a functional reflective layer disposed on the resin film. The functional reflective layer is an inorganic metal reflective layer, an inorganic dielectric reflective layer, or an organic reflective layer. The inorganic metal reflective layer includes at least one second metal layer and at least two second dielectric layers, with a second metal layer disposed between two adjacent second dielectric layers; The material of the second metal layer is selected from at least one of the second silver metal and the second silver alloy; the second silver alloy is an alloy of silver metal and at least one of the metals selected from gold, aluminum, copper, indium and platinum; the material of the second dielectric layer is selected from the nitride, oxide or oxynitride of at least one of the elements selected from Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Mg and Zr. The inorganic medium reflective layer comprises multiple alternating layers of high refractive index layer and low refractive index layer. The material of the high refractive index layer is a first inorganic oxide or inorganic nitride, and the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is greater than or equal to 2.

0. The material of the low refractive index layer is a second inorganic oxide, and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is less than or equal to 1.

8. The organic reflective layer comprises multiple alternating layers of organic polymers, wherein the material of the organic polymer layers is selected from at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polylactic acid, poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), polyvinylidene fluoride, cyclic polyolefins, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, or polyetherimide.

9. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laminated glass further includes a low-emissivity layer disposed on the outer surface of the inner glass plate away from the second thermoplastic polymer layer; The low-emissivity layer includes at least one transparent conductive oxide layer, the material of which is selected from at least one of doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, chromium-doped nickel oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and zinc tin oxide, wherein the doped zinc oxide is zinc oxide doped with at least one element selected from aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium.

10. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The TL1 is 2% to 70%, the TL2 is 0.1% to 20%, and the time for the laminated glass to change from TL1 to TL2 is t, where t ≤ 100ms.

11. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, After a 2000-hour xenon lamp aging test on the laminated glass from the outer glass panel side, the laminated glass in the light-transmitting state has a third visible light transmittance TL3, |TL3-TL1|≤2%.

12. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laminated glass in a light-transmitting state has a scattering rate S, wherein S ≤ 0.

25.

13. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a power supply, a control device, and laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the positive terminal of the power supply is connected to the first planar electrode layer, the negative terminal of the power supply is connected to the second planar electrode layer, and the control device enables the laminated glass to be in a light-transmitting state or a light-blocking state.

Images