A pneumatic downhole vibration cementing tool

Abstract

The present invention discloses a pneumatic downhole vibration cementing tool, belonging to the technical field of oil and gas well engineering, which includes a pneumatic storage pipe, an air duct pipe and a piston vibration pipe; the lower end of the pneumatic storage pipe is connected to the piston vibration pipe through the air duct pipe to form a cementing pipe with a hollow middle for flowing cement slurry; the pneumatic storage pipe conveys compressed gas to the piston vibration pipe through the air duct pipe; a gas passage is provided in the piston vibration pipe for the compressed gas to flow through, and the piston is driven to vibrate to complete cementing. The pneumatic downhole vibration cementing tool of the present invention can effectively solve the problems that the existing vibration cementing tools have deficiencies in aspects such as vibration effect, construction convenience, reliability, etc., and it is difficult to meet the requirements of high-quality cementing operations in modern oil and gas field exploration and development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas well engineering. Specifically, it relates to a pneumatic downhole vibration cementing tool. Background Art

[0002] In the process of oil and gas field exploration and development, cementing operation is a key link to ensure the integrity of the wellbore structure and improve the oil and gas production efficiency. The cementing quality is directly related to the production life, production capacity of the oil and gas well and the environmental protection effect. However, if there are quality problems during the cementing process, such as poor interlayer sealing of the cementing, it will directly lead to the inter-channeling of oil, gas and water between layers, seriously affecting the effective exploitation of oil and gas resources, and may even cause safety accidents and environmental pollution. In order to improve the cementing quality, a variety of technical means have been widely adopted in the industry. Among them, the vibrating cement slurry technology has attracted much attention because it can significantly improve the displacement efficiency of the cement slurry and improve the bonding quality between the cement and the casing and the formation. The vibration effect not only helps to reduce the bubbles and voids in the cement slurry, but also promotes the close contact between the cement slurry and the wellbore wall and the casing surface, thereby enhancing the sealing performance and overall strength of the cementing layer. There are various types of vibration cementing tools in the current existing technologies, mainly including hydraulic pulse vibrators, mechanical vibrators, magnetostrictive vibrators and piezoelectric ceramic vibrators, etc. Although these tools have their own characteristics, they all have certain limitations in practical applications. The hydraulic pulse vibrator relies on fluid power to generate vibration, but its vibration effect is often limited by the fluctuations of fluid parameters and it is difficult to achieve ideal uniformity and controllability. The wellhead vibrator is far from the core area of the cementing operation, and the vibration energy decays seriously, making it difficult to effectively transmit to the cement slurry. Although mechanical, magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ceramic vibrators can generate relatively stable vibrations through physical mechanisms, these tools usually require the lowering of cables for remote control or power supply, which not only increases the construction difficulty and cost, but also introduces a new risk point of cable reliability. The damage or failure of the cable may cause the vibration to be interrupted, thereby affecting the cementing quality.

[0003] In summary, the existing vibration cementing tools have deficiencies in terms of vibration effect, construction convenience, reliability, etc., and it is difficult to meet the requirements of high-quality cementing operations in modern oil and gas field exploration and development. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a cementing vibration tool with good vibration effect, simple construction and high reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic downhole vibration cementing tool for the above-mentioned deficiencies, so as to solve the problems that the existing vibration cementing tools have deficiencies in terms of vibration effect, construction convenience, reliability, etc., and it is difficult to meet the requirements of high-quality cementing operations in modern oil and gas field exploration and development. To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A pneumatic downhole vibration cementing tool, comprising a pneumatic storage pipe, an air duct pipe and a piston vibration pipe; the lower end of the pneumatic storage pipe is connected to the piston vibration pipe through the air duct pipe to form a cementing pipe with a hollow middle for flowing cement slurry; the pneumatic storage pipe conveys compressed gas to the piston vibration pipe through the air duct pipe; a gas passage is provided in the piston vibration pipe for the compressed gas to flow through, and the piston is driven to vibrate to complete cementing.

[0006] Further, the pneumatic storage pipe includes an upper joint; a rubber plug seat is provided on the inner wall of the upper joint; the rubber plug seat is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the upper joint through a shear pin.

[0007] Further, the pneumatic storage pipe further includes a gas tank section, which is fixedly connected to the lower end of the upper joint; a cavity is provided in the gas tank section, and the upper end of the cavity is connected to the bottom of the rubber plug seat; a compressed gas tank is provided in the cavity; the compressed gas tank is supported at the bottom end of the cavity by a gas tank spring, and the compressed gas tank can slide in the cavity.

[0008] Further, a rubber sealing layer is provided at the bottom of the compressed gas tank to separate the compressed gas in the compressed gas tank from the outside; a sharp cone is provided at the bottom of the cavity, and a vent hole and a one-way valve are provided at the top of the sharp cone; the sharp cone can pierce the rubber sealing layer at the bottom of the compressed gas tank.

[0009] Further, an intake pipeline is provided in the air duct pipe; one end of the intake pipeline is communicated with the sharp cone, and the other end is communicated with the piston vibration pipe; an exhaust pipeline is further provided in the air duct pipe; an exhaust port is provided on the exhaust pipeline; the exhaust port is communicated with the middle hollow part of the cementing pipe; a screen is provided on the exhaust port.

[0010] Further, a piston and a piston sleeve for the piston to move are provided in the piston vibration pipe; a first channel is provided in the piston, and its air outlet faces upward; an air inlet channel is provided on the piston vibration pipe; one end of the air inlet channel is communicated with the intake pipeline, and the other end is communicated with the piston sleeve; during the movement of the piston, the air inlet channel can be communicated with the first channel.

[0011] Further, a second channel is provided in the piston, and its air outlet faces downward; during the movement of the piston, the air inlet channel can be communicated with the second channel.

[0012] Further, a controller is further included; a solenoid valve is provided at the position where the exhaust pipeline is communicated with the piston sleeve; an upper photoelectric sensor and a lower photoelectric sensor are embedded on the inner wall of the piston sleeve, respectively located at the upper and lower ends of the piston sleeve; a reflecting plate is provided at the bottom of the piston. When the piston moves to the top end of the piston sleeve, the light-emitting plate contacts the upper photoelectric sensor. When the piston moves to the lower end of the piston sleeve, the light-emitting plate contacts the lower photoelectric sensor; the controller is electrically connected to the solenoid valve, the upper photoelectric sensor and the lower photoelectric sensor respectively.

[0013] Furthermore, a piston spring is provided at the bottom of the piston sleeve.

[0014] Furthermore, a limiting block is provided at the lower end of the piston sleeve.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] In the present invention, the high-pressure gas in the compressed gas tank is transported through a pipeline into the piston and ejected from the upper end of the piston, thereby pushing the piston downward. The gas in the air chamber at the lower end of the piston is compressed. When the piston moves downward to the end of the stroke, the compressed gas automatically switches the ventilation direction through the pipeline, enabling the gas to enter the piston and be ejected from the lower end of the piston, pushing the piston upward. The high-pressure gas pushes the piston upward to the end, and the first cycle ends. The second cycle begins, and the reciprocating cycle continues continuously, causing the vibrator to generate translational motion and shaking, thereby generating a vibration force. This device has the advantages of being lighter in weight, improving work efficiency, and not having problems such as overheating and overload failures. These advantages are more suitable for the complex working environment underground. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 is the external view of a pneumatic downhole vibration cementing tool of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 is the internal structure schematic diagram of a pneumatic downhole vibration cementing tool of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 is the structure schematic diagram of the piston vibration part of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 is the structure schematic diagram of the gas tank section of the present invention;

[0021] In the drawings: 1, upper joint; 2, gas tank section; 3, airway pipe; 4, piston vibration pipe; 101, rubber plug seat; 102, shear pin; 201, compressed gas tank; 202, rubber sealing layer; 203, spacer ring; 204, gas tank spring; 205, sharp cone; 206, one-way valve; 207 - gas tank section isolation pipe; 302, solenoid valve; 303, control board; 304, intake pipeline; 305, exhaust pipeline; 306, intake channel; 401 - battery; 402, piston sleeve; 403, piston; 404, light-emitting board; 405, piston spring; 406, upper photoelectric sensor; 407, lower photoelectric sensor; 408, limiting block; 410, end cover; 411, lower joint; 412, first air groove; 413, first channel; 414, second channel; 415, second air groove. Detailed Embodiments

[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided herein is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the inventive product is customarily placed during use. These are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive distinction and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or hanging vertically, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "set", "installed", "connected", "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be the internal communication of two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention may be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0024] Embodiment 1:

[0025] See the appendix Figures 1 to 4。A pneumatic downhole vibration cementing tool of the present invention mainly comprises a pneumatic storage pipe, an air duct pipe 3 and a piston vibration pipe 4. The pneumatic storage pipe conveys compressed gas to the piston vibration pipe 4 through the air duct pipe 3. The compressed gas drives the piston 403 in the piston vibration pipe 4 to reciprocate, generating translational motion and shaking to achieve the vibration work. Specifically, the pneumatic storage pipe mainly comprises an upper joint 1 and an air tank section 2, both of which are hollow structures and in the shape of a round pipe with a certain thickness. The upper joint 1 and the air tank section 2 are fixedly connected by threads. The inner wall of the upper joint 1 is provided with a rubber plug seat 101, and the rubber plug seat 101 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the upper joint 1 through a shear pin 102. An air tank section isolation pipe 207 is arranged on the inner wall of the air tank section 2. The air tank section isolation pipe 207 and the inner wall of the air tank section 2 form a cavity. A compressed air tank 201 is placed in the cavity. An air tank spring 204 is arranged at the bottom of the cavity. A gasket 203 is arranged at the bottom of the compressed air tank 201. The gasket 203 contacts the air tank spring 204 and is supported in the cavity by the air tank spring 204. The bottom of the rubber plug seat 101 contacts the top of the compressed air tank 201, and at the same time, the bottom of the rubber plug seat 101 is sealed with the top of the air tank section isolation pipe 207. A rubber plug can be installed on the rubber plug seat 101. Squeezing the rubber plug downward can drive the rubber plug seat 101 and the compressed air tank 201 to move downward and compress the spring of the compressed air tank 201.

[0026] The shape of the air duct pipe 3 also matches the shapes of the air tank section 2 and the upper joint 1, and is set as a hollow round pipe with a certain thickness. It can also be fixedly connected to the lower end of the air tank section 2 through a threaded structure. The air duct pipe 3 is internally provided with an intake pipe 304 and an exhaust pipe 305. The upper end of the intake pipe 304 is provided with a pointed cone 205 arranged in a facing direction. The pointed cone 205 is provided with ventilation holes and a one-way valve 206 to ensure that the gas can only flow from the upper end of the pointed cone 205 to the lower end of the pointed cone 205. The pointed cone 205 communicates the cavity in the air tank section 2 with the intake pipe 304. One end of the exhaust pipe 305 communicates with the hollow position of the air duct pipe 3 to form an exhaust port on the air duct pipe 3. A screen is arranged on the exhaust port to prevent large particles from entering and blocking the exhaust port.

[0027] The shape of the piston vibration tube 4 also matches the shape of the air duct tube 3, and is set as a hollow circular tube shape with a certain thickness. Inside the wall of the circular tube, there is a piston sleeve 402 and a piston 403 moving inside the piston sleeve 402. On one side of the piston sleeve 402, there is also an air inlet passage 306. One end of the air inlet passage 306 is connected to the air inlet pipe 304 of the air duct tube 3, and the other end is connected to the piston sleeve 402. Inside the piston 403, there is a first passage 413. One end of the first passage 413 is provided with a first air groove 412 on the side close to the air inlet passage 306, and the other end faces above the piston 403. Inside the piston 403, there is also a second passage 414. One end of the second passage 414 is also provided with a second air groove 415 on the side close to the air inlet passage 306, and is located at the upper end of the first air groove 412, and the other end faces below the piston 403. The exhaust pipe 305 on the air duct tube 3 is connected to the piston sleeve 402, and the gas inside the piston sleeve 402 can be discharged through the exhaust pipe 305 on the air duct tube 3.

[0028] A solenoid valve 302 is provided at the connection between the piston sleeve 402 and the exhaust pipe 305 on the air duct tube 3, and its opening and closing are controlled by the solenoid valve 302. An upper photoelectric sensor 406 and a lower photoelectric sensor 407 are respectively embedded at the upper and lower positions on the side wall of the piston sleeve 402. A light-emitting plate 404 is embedded at the bottom of the piston 403. When the piston 403 runs to the uppermost end in the piston sleeve 402, the light-emitting plate 404 contacts the upper photoelectric sensor 406, and when the piston 403 runs to the lowermost end, the light-emitting plate 404 contacts the lower photoelectric sensor 407. On the piston vibration tube 4, there is also a control board 303, which is electrically connected to the upper photoelectric sensor 406, the lower photoelectric sensor 407, and the solenoid valve 302 respectively. At the same time, a battery 401 is provided to supply power to the solenoid valve 302 and so on.

[0029] At the bottom end of the piston sleeve 402, there is a piston spring 405 and a limit block 408, which are used to limit the movement form of the piston 403. The lower end of the piston vibration tube 4 is connected to an end cap 410 for support, and at the same time, the fixing and adjustment of the clearance of the piston spring 405 are realized. The lower end of the end cap 410 is connected to a lower joint 411 to extend the length of the whole tool and distribute the piston vibration tube 4 at a suitable position. The shapes of the lower joint 411 and the end cap 410 also match the shape of the piston vibration tube 4, and are set as hollow circular tube shapes with a certain thickness.

[0030] Working principle and process of the present invention: The lower end surface of the rubber plug seat 101 contacts the upper surface of the compressed gas tank 201. When the rubber plug descends, the shear pin 102 in the rubber plug seat 101 is sheared under the impact of the rubber plug. The rubber plug seat 101 descends under the action of the rubber plug. The rubber plug seat 101 will squeeze the compressed gas tank 201, causing the compressed gas tank 201 to descend along the gas tank section isolation pipe 207. The upper end of the gas tank spring 204 contacts the lower end of the spacer ring 203. The spacer ring 203 compresses the spring of the compressed gas tank 201. After the gas tank spring 204 is compressed by a certain distance, the sharp cone 205 pierces the rubber sealing layer 202 at the lower end of the compressed gas tank 201, and the gas enters the intake pipe 304 of the airway pipe 3 through the one-way valve 206 in the sharp cone 205. The one-way valve 206 and the sharp cone 205 are connected to the airway pipe 3 by threads. The one-way valve 206 is set to ensure that the gas enters unidirectionally from the intake pipe 304 and cannot exhaust through the one-way valve 206. The gas tank section isolation pipe 207 is welded to the gas tank section 2 and the airway pipe 3. The cement slurry flows in the hollow position formed by the gas tank section isolation pipe 207.

[0031] The compressed gas continues to enter the intake passage 306 from the intake pipe 304. The outlet of the intake passage 306 communicating with the piston sleeve 402 is aligned with the first gas groove 412. The first gas groove 412 is connected to the first passage 413, and the compressed gas is ejected from the upper end of the piston 403. The one-way valve 206 is on the intake pipe 304. The control board 303 is set so that when the upper photoelectric sensor 406 recognizes the light-emitting board 404 at the bottom of the piston 403, the solenoid valve 302 is closed, and when the lower photoelectric sensor recognizes the light-emitting board 404, the solenoid valve 302 is opened. The battery 401 provides power for the photoelectric sensor, the control board 303, and the solenoid valve 302. The gas pushes the piston 403 to descend. The lower end of the piston spring 405 contacts the upper end surface of the end cap 410. The piston 403 compresses the piston spring 405 and descends. When the intake passage 306 aligns with the middle part between the first gas groove 412 and the second gas groove 415, the piston 403 moves with inertia and still moves downward. When the piston 403 descends to the end of the stroke, it will hit the limit block 408. At this time, the outlet of the intake passage 306 communicating with the piston sleeve 402 will be aligned with the second gas groove 415, and the compressed gas will be ejected from the lower end of the piston 403 along the second gas groove 415 and the second passage 414. The piston 403 moves upward under the action of the air pressure and the piston spring 405. Since the solenoid valve 302 is opened, the gas at the upper end of the piston 403 is discharged from the solenoid valve 302 along the exhaust port on the exhaust pipe 305 to the annulus part of the tool. When the bottom of the piston 403 moves upward to the upper photoelectric sensor 406, the solenoid valve 302 is closed, and so on, thereby realizing the reciprocating vibration of the cementing tool until the gas in the compressed gas tank 201 is insufficient to push the piston 403 to move. During the cementing process, the cement slurry flows in the hollow position of the cementing pipe.

[0032] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be similarly included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic downhole vibration cementing tool, characterized in that: It includes a pneumatic storage pipe, an air duct pipe (3) and a piston vibration pipe (4); the lower end of the pneumatic storage pipe is connected to the piston vibration pipe (4) through the air duct pipe (3) to form a cementing pipe with a hollow middle for flowing cement slurry; the pneumatic storage pipe conveys compressed gas to the piston vibration pipe (4) through the air duct pipe (3); a gas passage is provided in the piston vibration pipe (4) for the compressed gas to flow through, and the piston (403) is driven to vibrate to complete cementing; the pneumatic storage pipe includes an upper joint (1); a rubber plug seat (101) is provided on the inner wall of the upper joint (1); the rubber plug seat (101) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the upper joint (1) through a shear pin (102); the pneumatic storage pipe further includes a gas tank section (2) fixedly connected to the lower end of the upper joint (1); a cavity is provided in the gas tank section (2), and the upper end of the cavity is connected to the bottom of the rubber plug seat (101); a compressed gas tank (201) is provided in the cavity; the compressed gas tank (201) is supported at the bottom end of the cavity by a gas tank spring (204), and the compressed gas tank (201) can slide in the cavity; a rubber sealing layer (202) is provided at the bottom of the compressed gas tank (201) to separate the compressed gas in the compressed gas tank (201) from the outside; a sharp cone (205) is provided at the bottom of the cavity, and a vent hole and a one-way valve (206) are provided at the top of the sharp cone (205); the sharp cone (205) can pierce the rubber sealing layer (202) at the bottom of the compressed gas tank (201); an intake pipe (304) is provided in the air duct pipe (3); one end of the intake pipe (304) is communicated with the sharp cone (205), and the other end is communicated with the piston vibration pipe (4); an exhaust pipe (305) is further provided in the air duct pipe (3); an exhaust port is provided on the exhaust pipe; the exhaust port is communicated with the hollow middle of the cementing pipe; a screen is provided on the exhaust port; a piston (403) and a piston sleeve (402) for the piston (403) to move are provided in the piston vibration pipe (4); a first channel (413) is provided in the piston (403), and its air outlet faces upward; an air inlet channel (306) is provided on the piston vibration pipe (4); one end of the air inlet channel (306) is communicated with the intake pipe (304), and the other end is communicated with the piston sleeve (402); during the movement of the piston (403), the air inlet channel (306) can be communicated with the first channel (413); a second channel (414) is provided in the piston (403), and its air outlet faces downward; during the movement of the piston (403), the air inlet channel (306) can be communicated with the second channel (414).

2. The pneumatic downhole vibration cementing tool according to claim 1, wherein: It further includes a controller; a solenoid valve (302) is provided at the position where the exhaust duct (305) communicates with the piston sleeve (402); an upper photoelectric sensor (406) and a lower photoelectric sensor (407) are embedded in the inner wall of the piston sleeve (402), located at the upper and lower ends of the piston sleeve (402) respectively; a reflector is provided at the bottom of the piston (403). When the piston (403) moves to the topmost end of the piston sleeve (402), the reflector contacts the upper photoelectric sensor (406). When the piston (403) moves to the lower end of the piston sleeve (402), the light-emitting plate (404) contacts the lower photoelectric sensor (407); the controller is electrically connected to the solenoid valve (302), the upper photoelectric sensor (406), and the lower photoelectric sensor (407) respectively.

3. The pneumatic downhole vibration cementing tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: A piston spring (405) is provided at the bottom of the piston sleeve (402).

4. The pneumatic downhole vibration cementing tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: A limit block (408) is provided at the lower end of the piston sleeve (402).

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