Transient unloading device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a transient unloading device, which includes a plurality of first support members, a plurality of second support members, a plurality of third support members, a disassembly device and an installation base. The plurality of first support members and the plurality of second support members are alternately arranged in sequence to form an annular structure. The first support members have overlapping portions at both ends of the annular structure in the circumferential direction. The second support members have a supporting protrusion and supporting shoulders located on both sides of the supporting protrusion. The supporting shoulders are lower than the supporting protrusion, and the supporting protrusion faces the side away from the center of the annular structure. The two overlapping portions of the first support member are respectively overlapped with the supporting shoulders of two adjacent second support members. The installation base is inserted into the annular structure, and the third support member is supported between the installation base and the second support member. The above scheme can solve the problem of internal stress concentration in the rock mass when the transient unloading device in the related art supports the inner wall of the cavern.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of transient unloading simulation equipment, in particular to a transient unloading device. Background Art

[0002] Natural rock masses have an initial stress state. Excavation during engineering projects can unload this stress, causing stress redistribution within the rock mass. This can lead to fundamental changes in the rock mass's mechanical properties, impacting the safety and stability of underground projects. Research on the mechanisms and effects of transient rock unloading can provide theoretical basis and technical support for improving rock excavation methods, evaluating safety, and reducing project costs.

[0003] In addition to theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the study of transient unloading phenomena during rock mass excavation also involves a large number of indoor excavation unloading tests. These tests require the use of transient unloading devices. However, when these devices support the inner wall of the rock mass, the multiple supporting structures of the devices have a large span, which can lead to localized stress concentration within the rock mass. This in turn leads to significant deviations between the transient unloading process simulated by the devices and the actual rock mass transient unloading. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The invention discloses a transient unloading device to solve the problem of stress concentration inside the rock mass when the transient unloading device in the related art supports the inner wall of a cavern.

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0006] The present application discloses a transient unloading device, which includes a plurality of first support members, a plurality of second support members, a plurality of third support members, a disassembly device, and a mounting base. The plurality of first support members and the plurality of second support members are alternately arranged in sequence to form an annular structure, wherein the first support member has overlapping portions at both ends of the annular structure in a circumferential direction, the second support member has a supporting protrusion and supporting shoulders located on both sides of the supporting protrusion, the supporting shoulders are lower than the supporting protrusion, the supporting protrusion faces a side away from the center of the annular structure, and the two overlapping portions of the first support member are respectively overlapped with the supporting shoulders of two adjacent second support members;

[0007] The installation base is arranged in the annular structure, the third support member is supported between the installation base and the second support member, and the disassembly device is used to control the separation of the third support member from the second support member.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention can achieve the following technical effects:

[0009] The transient unloading device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is achieved by alternately arranging multiple first support members and multiple second support members in sequence to form an annular structure, and overlapping the two overlapping parts of the first support member with the support shoulders of two adjacent second support members, so that the surface of the first support member facing away from the center of the annular structure and the top surface of the supporting protrusion jointly support the inner wall of the cavern. Since the area between the two adjacent first support members is provided with a supporting protrusion to support the inner wall of the cavern, the inner wall of the cavern is more supported in the circumferential direction of the annular structure, thereby avoiding the phenomenon that the span between the two first support members is large and the internal stress of the rock mass is more concentrated, which is conducive to alleviating the problem of internal stress concentration in the rock mass when the transient unloading device in the related art supports the inner wall of the cavern. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first transient unloading device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention in cooperation with a rock mass;

[0011] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a first transient unloading device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 3 This is a partial schematic diagram of a first transient unloading device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 4 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the locking device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 5 A partial schematic diagram of a bearing assembly disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a first sub-support member disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention at a first viewing angle;

[0016] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the first sub-support member disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention at a second viewing angle;

[0017] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the first transient unloading device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention during assembly;

[0018] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the second transient unloading device and the rock mass disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 10 This is a schematic structural diagram of a second transient unloading device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 11This is a partial schematic diagram of the second transient unloading device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Description of reference numerals:

[0022] A-rock mass,

[0023] 110-first support member, 111-lap joint, 112-limiting protrusion,

[0024] 120-second support member, 121-support convex portion, 122-support shoulder portion, 123-first limiting groove,

[0025] 200- third support member,

[0026] 210 - first sub-support, 211 - guide slope, 211a - first edge, 211b - second edge,

[0027] 220-second sub-support, 221-second limiting groove, 222-second installation groove,

[0028] 230-roller,

[0029] 240-Pole,

[0030] 310-bearing assembly, 311-inner bushing, 311a-fixing rod, 312-outer bushing, 313-locking device, 313a-lock core, 313a1-first tooth portion, 313b-transmission member, 313b1-second tooth portion, 313b2-guide protrusion, 313c-locking member, 313c1-guide groove, 313c2-strip hole, 314-cover plate, 314a-cover plate hole,

[0031] 320-bearing seat, 321-threaded hole,

[0032] 330-detonator,

[0033] 340-lead,

[0034] 350-Manual operation unit,

[0035] 400-installation base, 410-first installation slot, 420-installation sub-base, 421-joining hole,

[0036] 500-Explosives,

[0037] 600-base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] The technical solutions disclosed in various embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Please refer to Figures 1 to 11 An embodiment of the present invention discloses a transient unloading device, which includes a plurality of first support members 110 , a plurality of second support members 120 , a plurality of third support members 200 , a disassembly device, and a mounting base 400 .

[0041] The plurality of first support members 110 and the plurality of second support members 120 are alternately arranged in sequence to form an annular structure. The annular structure may be in the shape of a ring, or a square or other shape. The shape of the annular structure may be adapted to the shape of the cavern formed in the rock mass.

[0042] The first support member 110 has overlapping portions 111 at both ends of the annular structure in the circumferential direction. The second support member 120 has a supporting protrusion 121 and supporting shoulders 122 located on both sides of the supporting protrusion 121. The supporting shoulders 122 are located on both sides of the supporting protrusion 121 in the circumferential direction.

[0043] The support shoulder 122 is lower than the support protrusion 121, that is, the support protrusion 121 protrudes from the support shoulder 122. The support protrusion 121 faces the side away from the center of the annular structure, and the two overlapping portions 111 of the first support member 110 overlap the support shoulders 122 of two adjacent second support members 120. The overlapping portions 111 overlap the surface of the support shoulder 122 facing away from the center of the annular structure.

[0044] The mounting base 400 is disposed in the annular structure, and the third support member 200 is supported between the mounting base 400 and the second support member 120 .

[0045] It should be noted that each second support member 120 is correspondingly provided with a third support member 200 , each second support member 120 is supported by the corresponding third support member 200 , and each first support member 110 is supported by two adjacent second support members 120 .

[0046] It should be further explained that the coordination relationship among the components of the transient unloading device refers to the coordination relationship when the transient unloading device is in a supporting state for the inner wall of the cavern of the rock mass.

[0047] The specific method of assembling the transient unloading device is as follows: First, place the rock mass in a position where the entrance of the cave chamber faces vertically upward. The rock mass can be placed on the base 600, such as Figure 8 As shown, the bottom surface of the cavern can be used as a bearing surface when assembling the transient unloading device. The second step is to arrange multiple first support members 110 and multiple second support members 120 in sequence along the side wall of the cavern. The third step is to support the third support member 200 between the mounting base 400 and the second support member 120. The third support member 200 pushes the second support member 120 and the first support member 110 against the side wall of the cavern, and the surface of the first support member 110 facing away from the center of the annular structure and the top surface of the supporting protrusion jointly support the inner wall of the cavern, thereby completing the assembly of multiple first support members 110, multiple second support members 120, multiple third support members 200 and the mounting base 400. The third support member 200 pushes the second support member 120 and the first support member 110 against the side wall of the cavern, and applies a preset pressure to the side wall of the cavern according to the experimental requirements. The fourth step is to place the rock mass in a position where the entrance of the cavern faces the horizontal direction, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 Or as shown in 9.

[0048] The disassembling device is used to control the separation of the third support member 200 and the second support member 120. The specific structure of the disassembling device can be referred to later and will not be described in detail here.

[0049] After the disassembly device controls the third support member 200 to separate from the second support member 120, the first support member 110 and the second support member 120 decompose under the action of gravity, so that the supporting force of the first support member 110 and the second support member 120 on the inner wall of the cave chamber disappears instantly, thereby simulating the transient unloading state of the rock mass.

[0050] It should be noted that the rock mass is equipped with corresponding sensors, such as sensors for detecting vibration or strain. When the disassembly device controls the separation of the third support member 200 from the second support member 120, the onboard sensors can detect unloading data (such as vibration, strain rate, etc.) of the rock mass during transient unloading, thereby analyzing the mechanical process of the rock mass under transient unloading.

[0051] The transient unloading device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is achieved by alternately arranging multiple first support members 110 and multiple second support members 120 in sequence to form an annular structure, and overlapping the two overlapping portions 111 of the first support member 110 with the support shoulders 122 of the two adjacent second support members 120, so that the surface of the first support member 110 facing away from the center of the annular structure and the top surface of the supporting protrusion jointly support the inner wall of the cavern. Since the area between the two adjacent first support members 110 is provided with a supporting protrusion to support the inner wall of the cavern, the inner wall of the cavern is more supported in the circumferential direction of the annular structure, thereby avoiding the phenomenon that the span between the two first support members 110 is large and the internal stress of the rock mass is more concentrated, which is conducive to alleviating the problem of internal stress concentration in the rock mass when the transient unloading device in the related art supports the inner wall of the cavern.

[0052] Furthermore, the two overlapping portions 111 of the first support member 110 are respectively overlapped with the supporting shoulders 122 of two adjacent second support members 120 , so that the first support member 110 can achieve support without being connected to the third support member 200 , thereby reducing the number of components.

[0053] In order to ensure that the inner wall of the cavern is continuously supported in the circumferential direction of the annular structure, optionally, in the circumferential direction, the end face of the first support member 110 can be fitted with the side wall of the supporting protrusion 121, so that the first support member 110 is connected to the supporting protrusion 121, so that the surface of the first support member 110 facing away from the center of the annular structure and the top surface of the supporting protrusion are spliced ​​into a complete annular supporting surface, thereby ensuring that the inner wall of the cavern is continuously supported in the circumferential direction of the annular structure, thereby further alleviating the stress concentration inside the rock mass when the transient unloading device supports the inner wall of the cavern.

[0054] Of course, if experimental requirements are met, a gap may also be provided between the end surface of the first support member 110 and the side wall of the supporting protrusion 121 in the circumferential direction. The embodiment of the present application does not impose any specific restrictions on the matching relationship between the end surface of the first support member 110 and the side wall of the supporting protrusion 121.

[0055] To facilitate rapid assembly of the transient unloading device, the first support member 110 may optionally have a limiting protrusion 112. The limiting protrusion 112 may face one side of the center of the annular structure and be located between the two overlapping portions 111. In the circumferential direction, the end surface of the supporting shoulder 122 may be in limiting contact with the side wall of the limiting protrusion 112.

[0056] The transient unloading device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is configured by providing a limiting protrusion 112 on the first support member 110, and the limiting protrusion 112 is located between the two overlapping portions 111, so that when the first support member 110 and the second support member 120 are assembled, the end face of the support shoulder 122 can be limitedly contacted with the side wall of the limiting protrusion 112, thereby making the position arrangement of the first support member 110 and the second support member 120 more accurate and improving the assembly efficiency of the transient unloading device.

[0057] It should be noted that while the end face of the first support member 110 is in contact with the side wall of the support protrusion 121, the end face of the support shoulder 122 can also be in contact with the side wall of the limiting protrusion 112. Therefore, during the assembly process of the first support member 110 and the second support member 120, the end face of the first support member 110 is in contact with the side wall of the support protrusion 121, and the end face of the support shoulder 122 is in contact with the side wall of the limiting protrusion 112, which can improve the assembly efficiency of the transient unloading device.

[0058] When the chamber is a cylindrical structure, the surface of the first support member 110 facing away from the center of the annular structure and the top surface of the supporting protrusion 121 can both be arc-shaped surfaces, and multiple first support members 110 and multiple second support members 120 can be alternately arranged in sequence to form a circular structure.

[0059] The transient unloading device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is configured such that a plurality of first support members 110 and a plurality of second support members 120 are alternately arranged in sequence so that the plurality of first support members 110 and the plurality of second support members 120 form a circular structure, so that the outer surface of the circular structure can be better adapted to support the inner wall of the cylindrical chamber, thereby facilitating better support for the inner wall of the chamber.

[0060] The present application discloses a specific implementation of a third support member 200. The third support member 200 may include a first sub-support member 210, a second sub-support member 220, and a roller 230. The first end of the first sub-support member 210 may be connected to the mounting base 400, the first end of the second sub-support member 220 may contact the second support member 120, and the roller 230 may be sandwiched between the second end of the first sub-support member 210 and the second end of the second sub-support member 220. The first end of the first sub-support member 210 is disposed opposite to the second end of the first sub-support member 210, and the first end of the second sub-support member 220 is disposed opposite to the second end of the second sub-support member 220.

[0061] The disassembling device may be connected to the mounting base 400 , and may be used to drive the mounting base 400 to rotate around the central axis of the annular structure, so as to separate the second sub-support member 220 from the second support member 120 .

[0062] Specifically, the first end of the first sub-support member 210 can be supported and matched with the mounting base 400, the first end of the second sub-support member 220 can be supported and matched with the second support member 120, and the second end of the first sub-support member 210 and the second end of the second sub-support member 220 can both be supported and matched with the roller 230. When the mounting base 400 rotates around the central axis of the annular structure, the matching relationship between the mounting base 400, the first sub-support member 210, the roller 230, and the second sub-support member 220 is destroyed, so that the first sub-support member 210, the roller 230, and the second sub-support member 220 are disassembled under the action of gravity.

[0063] Of course, the first end of the first sub-support member 210 can be fixedly connected to the mounting base 400. For example, the mounting base 400 can be provided with a mounting groove, and the first end of the first sub-support member 210 can be inserted into the mounting groove. The first end of the second sub-support member 220 can be supported and matched with the second support member 120, and the second end of the first sub-support member 210 and the second end of the second sub-support member 220 can be supported and matched with the roller 230. When the mounting base 400 rotates around the central axis of the annular structure, the matching relationship between the mounting base 400, the first sub-support member 210, the roller 230 and the second sub-support member 220 is destroyed, thereby causing the supporting force of the first support member 110 and the second support member 120 on the inner wall of the cave to disappear. Of course, the connection relationship between the first end of the first sub-support member 210 and the mounting base 400, the connection relationship between the first end of the second sub-support member 220 and the second support member 120, and the connection relationship between the second end of the first sub-support member 210 and the second end of the second sub-support member 220 and the roller 230 can also be other ways. The embodiment of the present application does not impose specific restrictions on this. It only requires that when the disassembly device drives the mounting base 400 to rotate around the direction of the central axis of the annular structure, the second sub-support member 220 and the second support member 120 can be separated.

[0064] The transient unloading device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is configured to have a structure in which the third support member 200 includes a first sub-support member 210, a second sub-support member 220 and a roller 230, so that the first end of the first sub-support member 210 is connected to the mounting base 400, the first end of the second sub-support member 220 is in contact with the second support member 120, and the roller 230 is clamped between the second end of the first sub-support member 210 and the second end of the second sub-support member 220. As a result, when the disassembly device drives the mounting base 400 to rotate around the central axis of the annular structure, the matching relationship between the mounting base 400, the first sub-support member 210, the roller 230 and the second sub-support member 220 is destroyed, and the second sub-support member 220 can be instantly separated from the second support member 120 under the action of gravity, thereby achieving the purpose of instantaneous unloading of the inner wall of the cave.

[0065] Since the rock mass is positioned with the cave entrance facing vertically upward during assembly of the transient unloading device, after the multiple first support members 110, multiple second support members 120, multiple third support members 200, and mounting base 400 are assembled, the rock mass needs to be positioned with the cave entrance facing horizontally. To prevent the transient unloading device from disassembling when adjusting the rock mass's placement, it is necessary to improve the stability of the transient unloading device after assembly. It should be noted that when adjusting the rock mass's placement, the movement amplitude and speed of the rock mass and the transient unloading device must be small.

[0066] In order to improve the stability of the transient unloading device after assembly, optionally, the second support member 120 can be provided with a first limiting groove 123, and a portion of the second sub-support member 220 can be located in the first limiting groove 123. The second sub-support member 220 and the first limiting groove 123 can be limited in the circumferential direction of the annular structure. It should be noted that when the disassembly device drives the mounting base 400 to rotate around the central axis of the annular structure, the limiting cooperation between the second sub-support member 220 and the first limiting groove 123 can be destroyed. When adjusting the placement of the rock mass, the limiting cooperation between the second sub-support member 220 and the first limiting groove 123 is not easily destroyed because the movement amplitude and movement speed of the rock mass and the transient unloading device are small.

[0067] The transient unloading device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is configured to provide a first limiting groove 123 on the second support member 120, so that a portion of the second sub-support member 220 can be located within the first limiting groove 123, thereby avoiding the second sub-support member 220 and the second support member 120 from moving relative to each other when the placement of the rock mass is adjusted, thereby preventing the transient unloading device from disassembling.

[0068] Optionally, the second sub-support member 220 may have a second limiting groove 221 on the side facing the roller 230, and a portion of the roller 230 may be located in the second limiting groove 221. The roller 230 and the second limiting groove 221 may be limited in the circumferential direction of the annular structure. It should be noted that when the disassembly device drives the mounting base 400 to rotate around the direction of the central axis of the annular structure, the limiting cooperation between the roller 230 and the second limiting groove 221 may be destroyed. When adjusting the placement of the rock mass, the limiting cooperation between the roller 230 and the second limiting groove 221 is not easily destroyed due to the small movement amplitude and speed of the rock mass and the transient unloading device.

[0069] The transient unloading device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is configured to open a second limiting groove 221 on the side of the second sub-support member 220 facing the roller 230, so that part of the roller 230 is located in the second limiting groove 221, so that the roller 230 and the second limiting groove 221 can be limited and matched in the circumferential direction of the annular structure, thereby avoiding relative movement between the roller 230 and the second sub-support member 220 when adjusting the placement of the rock mass, which may cause the transient unloading device to disassemble.

[0070] To facilitate assembly of the transient unloading device, the second end of the first sub-support 210 may optionally have a guide slope 211. The guide slope 211 has a first edge 211a and a second edge 211b extending in the direction of the central axis of the annular structure. The height of the first edge 211a is lower than the height of the second edge 211b. The height of the first edge 211a and the height of the second edge 211b refer to the height of the second end of the first sub-support 210 relative to the first end of the first sub-support 210.

[0071] In the specific process of assembling the transient unloading device, the first step is to place the rock mass in a position where the opening of the cavern faces vertically upward, such as Figure 8 As shown, the bottom surface of the cave can be used as a bearing surface when the transient unloading device is assembled. The second step is to arrange multiple first support members 110 and multiple second support members 120 in sequence along the side wall of the cave. The third step is to set the second sub-support member 220, the roller 230 and the mounting base 400 in corresponding positions. The fourth step is to insert the first sub-support member 210 between the mounting base 400 and the roller 230. The first sub-support member 210 can be inserted from the side of the first edge 211a of the guide slope 211, so that the insertion of the first sub-support member 210 is easier. As the first sub-support member 210 is inserted, the supporting force of the first sub-support member 210 on the side wall of the cave increases through the roller 230, the second sub-support member 220, the second support member 120 and the first support member 110, thereby forming support for the side wall of the cave.

[0072] Of course, in the third step, the second sub-support member 220 and the roller 230 can also be first positioned in the corresponding positions, and then the first sub-support member 210 and the mounting base 400 are connected to form a whole. In the fourth step, the whole formed by the first sub-support member 210 and the mounting base 400 is installed. The first sub-support member 210 can be engaged with the roller 230 starting from the side of the first edge 211a of the guide slope 211, thereby making the whole formed by the first sub-support member 210 and the mounting base 400 easier to install.

[0073] It should be noted that when the multiple first support members 110, the multiple second support members 120, the second sub-support member 220, the roller 230 and the mounting base 400 are placed in the cave for assembly, they are all moved along the extension direction of the central axis of the annular structure.

[0074] The transient unloading device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is configured to have a guide bevel 211 on the end face of the second end of the first sub-support member 210, so that the height of the first edge 211a of the guide bevel 211 in the extension direction of the central axis of the annular structure is lower than the height of the second edge 211b, thereby making the transient unloading device easier to assemble.

[0075] To facilitate operation of the mounting base 400, the end of the mounting base 400 away from the third support member 200 needs to extend outside the cavern. To prevent the end of the mounting base 400 away from the third support member 200 from tilting under the action of gravity, thereby causing the transient unloading device to disassemble, the disassembly device can optionally include a bearing assembly 310 and a bearing seat 320. The bearing assembly 310 can be connected to the end of the mounting base 400 away from the third support member 200. The bearing assembly 310 can be disposed on the bearing seat 320. The mounting base 400 can rotate relative to the bearing seat 320 around the central axis via the bearing assembly 310. The operator can manually drive the bearing assembly 310 to drive the mounting base 400 to rotate around the central axis of the annular structure, thereby separating the second sub-support member 220 from the second support member 120, thereby achieving the purpose of instantaneous unloading of the inner wall of the cavern.

[0076] The transient unloading device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is configured to have a disassembly device as a structure including a bearing assembly 310 and a bearing seat 320, so that the end of the mounting base 400 away from the third support member 200 can be supported on the bearing seat 320 by the bearing assembly 310, thereby preventing the end of the mounting base 400 away from the third support member 200 from tilting under the action of gravity, thereby preventing the transient unloading device from disassembling.

[0077] In an alternative embodiment, the bearing assembly 310 may include an inner sleeve 311, an outer sleeve 312, and a locking device 313. The outer sleeve 312 may be sleeved on the inner sleeve 311, and the outer sleeve 312 may be rotatably sleeved on the inner sleeve 311. The outer sleeve 312 may be disposed on the bearing seat 320. The mounting base 400 may be connected to the inner sleeve 311. The locking device 313 may be disposed on the inner sleeve 311. The locking device 313 may have a locked state and an unlocked state. When the locking device 313 is in the locked state, the locking device 313 may restrict relative rotation between the inner sleeve 311 and the outer sleeve 312. When the locking device 313 is in the unlocked state, the inner sleeve 311 may rotate relative to the outer sleeve 312.

[0078] The transient unloading device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is configured to include an inner bushing 311, an outer bushing 312, and a locking device 313, so that the outer bushing 312 is sleeved on the inner bushing 311, the outer bushing 312 is disposed on the bearing seat 320, the mounting base 400 is connected to the inner bushing 311, and the locking device 313 is disposed on the inner bushing 311. When the locking device 313 is in a locked state, the locking device 313 can restrict the relative rotation of the inner bushing 311 and the outer bushing 312, thereby preventing the transient unloading device from disassembling due to accidental rotation of the inner bushing 311 relative to the outer bushing 312. When the locking device 313 is in an unlocked state, the inner bushing 311 can rotate relative to the outer bushing 312, so that an operator can drive the mounting base 400 to rotate by controlling the rotation of the inner bushing 311. Specifically, the inner sleeve 311 may be provided with a manual operating portion 350 , and an operator may drive the inner sleeve 311 to rotate through the manual operating portion 350 .

[0079] The outer bushing 312 can be fixedly mounted on the bearing seat 320. Specifically, the bearing seat 320 can be provided with a threaded hole 321. The transient unloading device can further include a bolt that can be threadedly engaged with the threaded hole 321 and can be inserted into or extended out of the positioning hole of the outer bushing 312. When the bolt is inserted into the positioning hole of the outer bushing 312, the bolt can lock the outer bushing 312 and the bearing seat 320, thereby fixing the outer bushing 312 and the bearing seat 320. When the bolt is extended out of the positioning hole of the outer bushing 312, the bolt can unlock the outer bushing 312 and the bearing seat 320, thereby separating the outer bushing 312 and the bearing seat 320, thereby facilitating the removal of the outer bushing 312 and the bearing seat 320.

[0080] Specifically, the locking device can be a buckle, and both the inner sleeve 311 and the outer sleeve 312 can be provided with a slot. When the two ends of the buckle are engaged in the slots of the inner sleeve 311 and the outer sleeve 312, the inner sleeve 311 and the outer sleeve 312 can be restricted from rotating relative to each other. When the two ends of the buckle are separated from the slots of the inner sleeve 311 and the outer sleeve 312, the inner sleeve 311 can rotate relative to the outer sleeve 312.

[0081] In another embodiment, the locking device 313 may include a lock core 313a, a transmission member 313b and a locking member 313c, the inner sleeve 311 may have a fixed rod 311a, the transmission member 313b may be rotatably provided on the fixed rod 311a, the lock core 313a may be rotatably provided on the inner sleeve 311, the lock core 313a may have a first tooth portion 313a1, the transmission member 313b may have a second tooth portion 313b1, the first tooth portion 313a1 may be engaged with the second tooth portion 313b1, the locking member 313c may be provided with a guide groove 313c1, the transmission member 313b may have a guide protrusion 313b2, and the guide protrusion 313b2 may be slidably provided in the guide groove 313c1. The lock core 313a can be used to drive the transmission member 313b to rotate, so that the transmission member 313b drives the locking member 313c to connect with or separate from the outer sleeve 312 through the guiding cooperation between the guide protrusion 313b2 and the guide groove 313c1.

[0082] Specifically, when the lock core 313a rotates in the first direction, the lock core 313a can drive the transmission member 313b to rotate by the engagement of the first tooth portion 313a1 and the second tooth portion 313b1, so that the transmission member 313b drives the locking member 313c to separate from the outer bushing 312 through the guiding engagement of the guide protrusion 313b2 and the guide groove 313c1, thereby allowing the inner bushing 311 and the outer bushing 312 to rotate relative to each other. When the lock core 313a rotates in the second direction, the lock core 313a can drive the transmission member 313b to rotate by the engagement of the first tooth portion 313a1 and the second tooth portion 313b1, so that the transmission member 313b drives the locking member 313c to insert into the outer bushing 312 through the guiding engagement of the guide protrusion 313b2 and the guide groove 313c1, thereby restricting the inner bushing 311 from rotating relative to the outer bushing 312.

[0083] The locking piece 313c can be provided with a strip hole 313c2, and the fixing rod 311a can pass through the strip hole 313c2. During the movement of the locking piece 313c, the fixing rod 311a can move along the strip hole 313c2, so that the locking piece 313c and the inner sleeve 311 are relatively closer, which is beneficial to the compactness of the bearing assembly 310.

[0084] The bearing assembly 310 may further include a cover plate 314 , which may cover the inner bushing 311 and the outer bushing 312 . The cover plate 314 may have a cover plate hole 314 a , and the operator may insert a key into the lock core 313 a through the cover plate hole 314 a to drive the lock core 313 a to rotate.

[0085] In an optional embodiment, the third support member 200 may include a second sub-support member 220 and a support rod 240. The mounting base 400 may define a first mounting slot 410, and the second sub-support member 220 may define a second mounting slot 222. The ends of the support rod 240 may be inserted into the first mounting slot 410 and the second mounting slot 222, respectively, and the second sub-support member 220 supports the second support member 120. The disassembly device may include a detonating device 330 and a fuse 340. The detonating device 330 may be provided on the mounting base 400. One end of the fuse 340 may be connected to the detonating device 330, and the other end of the fuse 340 may be used to connect to the explosive 500 provided on the support rod 240.

[0086] The transient unloading device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is configured such that the third support member 200 is configured to include a second sub-support member 220 and a support rod 240, and a first mounting groove 410 is provided on the mounting base 400, and a second mounting groove 222 is provided on the second sub-support member 220, so that both ends of the support rod 240 can be inserted into the first mounting groove 410 and the second mounting groove 222 respectively, and the second sub-support member 220 supports the second support member 120, so that an explosive 500 can be provided on the support rod 240, so that the detonating device 330 can be connected to the explosive 500 through the lead 340, and then the explosive 500 can be detonated by the detonating device 330 to decompose the support rod 240, so that the first support member 110 and the second support member 120 can realize transient unloading of the inner wall of the cave.

[0087] Specifically, the support rod 240 may be made of glass, so that the support rod 240 can be more completely decomposed.

[0088] Due to different simulation situations, the depth of the cavern opened in the rock mass is also different. In order to make the transient unloading device suitable for caverns of different depths, optionally, the mounting base 400 can include multiple mounting sub-bases 420, and the multiple mounting sub-bases 420 can be combined and spliced ​​according to the depth of the cavern, so that the overall structure formed by splicing the multiple mounting sub-bases 420 can extend outside the cavern, thereby facilitating personnel operation.

[0089] Multiple mounting sub-bases 420 may be provided with through-splicing holes 421, and the cross-sectional shape of the splicing holes 421 in the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the splicing holes 421 may be a non-circular shape. For example, the cross-sectional shape of the splicing holes 421 may be a positive direction, a rectangle, or a diamond, etc. The mounting base 400 may also include a splicing rod, the shape of the splicing rod may be adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the splicing holes 421, and the splicing rod may be inserted into the splicing holes 421 of two adjacent mounting sub-bases 420 (there may be friction between the splicing rod and the inner wall of the splicing hole 421, thereby limiting separation), thereby achieving the splicing of the mounting sub-bases 420. Of course, the splicing method of the multiple mounting sub-bases 420 may also be other methods, which will not be described in detail in the embodiments of the present application.

[0090] The above embodiments of the present invention focus on the differences between the various embodiments. As long as the different optimization features between the various embodiments are not contradictory, they can be combined to form a better embodiment. Considering the simplicity of the text, they will not be repeated here.

[0091] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A transient unloading device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of first support members (110), a plurality of second support members (120), a plurality of third support members (200), a disassembling device and a mounting base (400), wherein the plurality of first support members (110) and the plurality of second support members (120) are alternately arranged in sequence to form an annular structure, wherein the first support member (110) has overlapping portions (111) at both ends of the annular structure in a circumferential direction, the second support member (120) has a supporting protrusion (121) and supporting shoulders (122) located on both sides of the supporting protrusion (121), the supporting shoulders (122) are lower than the supporting protrusion (121), the supporting protrusion (121) faces a side away from the center of the annular structure, and the two overlapping portions (111) of the first support member (110) are respectively overlapped with the supporting shoulders (122) of two adjacent second support members (120); The mounting base (400) is inserted into the annular structure, the third support member (200) is supported between the mounting base (400) and the second support member (120), and the disassembly device is used to control the separation of the third support member (200) and the second support member (120); The third support member (200) comprises a first sub-support member (210), a second sub-support member (220) and a roller (230), wherein the first end of the first sub-support member (210) is connected to the mounting base (400), the first end of the second sub-support member (220) is in contact with the second support member (120), and the roller (230) is sandwiched between the second end of the first sub-support member (210) and the second end of the second sub-support member (220); The disassembling device is connected to the installation base (400) and is used to drive the installation base (400) to rotate around the central axis of the annular structure, so as to separate the second sub-support member (220) from the second support member (120).

2. The transient unloading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the circumferential direction, the end surface of the first support member (110) is in contact with the side wall of the supporting protrusion (121).

3. The transient unloading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first support member (110) has a limiting protrusion (112), the limiting protrusion (112) is oriented toward one side of the center of the annular structure and is located between the two overlapping portions (111), and in the circumferential direction, the end surface of the supporting shoulder (122) is in limiting contact with the side wall of the limiting protrusion (112).

4. The transient unloading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the first support member (110) facing away from the center of the annular structure and the top surface of the supporting protrusion (121) are both arc-shaped surfaces, and the multiple first support members (110) and the multiple second support members (120) are alternately arranged in sequence to form a circular ring structure.

5. The transient unloading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second support member (120) is provided with a first limiting groove (123), and a portion of the second sub-support member (220) is located in the first limiting groove (123).

6. The transient unloading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second limiting groove (221) is provided on a side of the second sub-support member (220) facing the roller (230), and a portion of the roller (230) is located in the second limiting groove (221).

7. The transient unloading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end surface of the second end of the first sub-support member (210) has a guiding slope (211), and the guiding slope (211) has a first edge (211a) and a second edge (211b) in the extension direction of the central axis of the annular structure, and the height of the first edge (211a) is lower than the height of the second edge (211b).

8. The transient unloading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disassembling device includes a bearing assembly (310) and a bearing seat (320), wherein the bearing assembly (310) is connected to an end of the mounting base (400) away from the third support member (200), and the bearing assembly (310) is arranged on the bearing seat (320). The mounting base (400) can rotate relative to the bearing seat (320) in the direction around the central axis through the bearing assembly (310).

9. The transient unloading device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bearing assembly (310) includes an inner sleeve (311), an outer sleeve (312) and a locking device (313), wherein the outer sleeve (312) is sleeved on the inner sleeve (311), the outer sleeve (312) is arranged on the bearing seat (320), the mounting base (400) is connected to the inner sleeve (311), and the locking device (313) is arranged on the inner sleeve (311), and the locking device (313) has a locked state and an unlocked state; When the locking device (313) is in the locked state, the locking device (313) limits the relative rotation of the inner sleeve (311) and the outer sleeve (312); When the locking device (313) is in the unlocked state, the inner sleeve (311) can rotate relative to the outer sleeve (312).

10. The transient unloading device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The locking device (313) includes a lock core (313a), a transmission member (313b) and a locking member (313c); the inner sleeve (311) has a fixed rod (311a); the transmission member (313b) is rotatably disposed on the fixed rod (311a); the lock core (313a) is rotatably disposed on the inner sleeve (311); the lock core (313a) has a first tooth portion (313a1); the transmission member (313b) has a second tooth portion (313b1); the first tooth portion (313a1) is meshed with the second tooth portion (313b1); the locking member (313c) has a guide groove (313c1); the transmission member (313b) has a guide protrusion (313b2); the guide protrusion (313b2) is slidably disposed in the guide groove (313c1); The lock core (313a) is used to drive the transmission member (313b) to rotate, so that the transmission member (313b) drives the locking member (313c) to connect or separate with the outer sleeve (312) through the guiding cooperation between the guide protrusion (313b2) and the guide groove (313c1).

11. The transient unloading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third support member (200) includes a second sub-support member (220) and a support rod (240); the installation base (400) is provided with a first installation groove (410); the second sub-support member (220) is provided with a second installation groove (222); two ends of the support rod (240) are respectively inserted into the first installation groove (410) and the second installation groove (222); the second sub-support member (220) supports the second support member (120); The dismantling device comprises a detonating device (330) and a lead (340), wherein the detonating device (330) is arranged on the mounting base (400), one end of the lead (340) is connected to the detonating device (330), and the other end of the lead (340) is used to connect to an explosive (500) arranged on the support rod (240).

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