A soft ignition hydrogen combustion chamber and ignition mechanism

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy aviation technology, and provides a soft-ignition hydrogen combustion chamber and an ignition mechanism, comprising a flame tube, an ignition nozzle, a first air supply pipe, and a second air supply pipe. The flame tube is provided with a combustion nozzle and an ignition nozzle, and a plurality of combustion nozzles and ignition nozzles are provided. The plurality of combustion nozzles and the plurality of ignition nozzles are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and the jet openings of the ignition nozzles and the jet openings of the combustion nozzles are arranged in the flame tube along a first direction, and the first direction is a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction. The present invention uses one air supply pipe to provide hydrogen to the plurality of ignition nozzles separately, so that the equivalence ratio during ignition can be adjusted separately to ensure stable and safe ignition. After the ignition nozzle forms a stable flame, another air supply pipe is used to supply hydrogen to the combustion nozzle, so that the combustion nozzle is ignited by the flame formed by the ignition nozzle after stable ignition, thereby achieving efficient, stable, safe and reliable ignition and combustion effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy aviation technology, and in particular to a soft-ignition hydrogen combustion chamber and an ignition mechanism. Background Art

[0002] At present, the types of fuel used in aircraft engine combustion chambers have evolved from ordinary kerosene to a variety of gaseous fuels. Compared with traditional kerosene fuel, gaseous fuels, especially hydrogen, have many problems with ignition and combustion flame. For example, hydrogen ignition is prone to deflagration, resulting in unstable oscillations or backfire.

[0003] However, the existing technologies are mainly aimed at the ignition and cross-flame methods of fuels such as kerosene and methane. How to achieve the smooth ignition and cross-flame of hydrogen has become a problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a soft-ignition hydrogen combustion chamber and an ignition mechanism, which are used to solve the problems of unstable ignition and cross-flame of hydrogen fuel used in combustion chambers in the prior art.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an ignition mechanism, comprising:

[0006] A flame tube, wherein a combustion nozzle and an ignition nozzle are provided on the flame tube, a plurality of the combustion nozzles and a plurality of the ignition nozzles are provided, the plurality of the combustion nozzles and the plurality of the ignition nozzles are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and the jet ports of the ignition nozzles and the jet ports of the combustion nozzles are arranged in the flame tube along a first direction, and the first direction is a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction;

[0007] An ignition nozzle is provided on the flame tube, the number of the ignition nozzles is the same as the number of the ignition nozzles, and each ignition nozzle corresponds to the air jet of the adjacent ignition nozzle;

[0008] a first gas supply pipe, the first gas supply pipe being connected to the plurality of ignition nozzles respectively, and being used to supply hydrogen to each of the ignition nozzles;

[0009] A second gas supply pipe is connected to each of the plurality of combustion nozzles and is used to provide hydrogen to each of the combustion nozzles.

[0010] According to the ignition mechanism provided by the present invention, at least two ignition nozzles are provided, and the plurality of ignition nozzles are evenly distributed on the flame tube along the circumferential direction.

[0011] According to the ignition mechanism provided by the present invention, at least two groups of ignition nozzles are provided, and the multiple groups of ignition nozzles are evenly distributed on the flame tube along the circumferential direction. Each group of ignition nozzles includes two ignition nozzles, and the ignition nozzle is provided between two adjacent ignition nozzles.

[0012] According to the ignition mechanism provided by the present invention, the ignition nozzle includes a first shell, a first nozzle, a first hydrogen channel and an air channel. The first shell is inserted into and fixed in the flame tube. The first nozzle is arranged at one end of the first shell located in the flame tube. The first nozzle is provided with a first jet hole and a plurality of second jet holes. The plurality of second jet holes are arranged around the first jet hole. The air channel is provided in the first shell and communicates with the first jet hole. The number of the first hydrogen channels is the same as that of the first jet holes. The plurality of first hydrogen channels are all located in the first shell. One end of the first hydrogen channel is connected to the corresponding second jet hole, and the other end is connected to the first air supply pipe.

[0013] According to the ignition mechanism provided by the present invention, a first isolation channel is further provided between the first nozzle and the first shell, and the first shell is provided with a plurality of first air holes, which are connected to the first isolation channel for providing air to the first nozzle.

[0014] According to the ignition mechanism provided by the present invention, the combustion nozzle includes a second shell, a second nozzle, and a second hydrogen channel. The second shell is inserted into and fixed in the flame tube. The second nozzle is arranged at one end of the second shell located in the flame tube. The second nozzle is provided with a plurality of third injection holes. The number of the second hydrogen channels is the same as that of the third injection holes. The plurality of second hydrogen channels are all located in the second shell. One end of the second hydrogen channel is connected to the corresponding third injection hole, and the other end is connected to the second gas supply pipe.

[0015] According to the ignition mechanism provided by the present invention, a second isolation channel is further provided between the second nozzle and the second shell, and the second shell is provided with a plurality of second air holes, which are connected to the second isolation channel for providing air to the second nozzle.

[0016] According to the ignition mechanism provided by the present invention, the second air-jet hole and the third air-jet hole are circular holes with a diameter of 0.6-1 mm.

[0017] According to the ignition mechanism provided by the present invention, the air passage is configured as a spiral passage.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a soft-ignition hydrogen combustion chamber, comprising the ignition mechanism as described in the first aspect.

[0019] The present invention provides an ignition mechanism, including a flame tube, an ignition nozzle, a first air supply pipe and a second air supply pipe. The flame tube is provided with a combustion nozzle and an ignition nozzle. A plurality of combustion nozzles and ignition nozzles are provided. The plurality of combustion nozzles and the plurality of ignition nozzles are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. The jet ports of the ignition nozzles and the jet ports of the combustion nozzles are arranged in the flame tube along a first direction, and the first direction is clockwise or counterclockwise. In this arrangement, hydrogen is supplied to the plurality of ignition nozzles using one air supply pipe separately, so that the equivalence ratio thereof during ignition can be adjusted separately so that the ignition is stable and safe. After the ignition nozzle forms a stable flame, another air supply pipe is used to supply hydrogen to the combustion nozzle. The gas supply pipeline supplies hydrogen by arranging the jet outlet of the ignition nozzle and the jet outlet of the combustion nozzle in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, that is, the jet outlet of the current nozzle is directed toward the next nozzle, so that the flame of the combustion nozzle is ignited after the stable ignition formed by the ignition nozzle, so that the subsequent combustion nozzles can be ignited in sequence to form a linked flame, that is, the flame first spreads from the local ignition area at the ignition nozzle to the area of ​​the combustion nozzle, and then develops to the entire combustion chamber, forming a stable ignition, and no hydrogen deflagration phenomenon will occur during ignition, the ignition of the entire combustion chamber and the linked flame are softer and smoother, achieving efficient, stable, safe and reliable ignition and combustion effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction is given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a top view of the ignition mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an ignition nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of .

[0024] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of an ignition nozzle provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a combustion nozzle provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of .

[0027] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of a combustion nozzle provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Reference numerals:

[0029] 1. Flame tube; 2. Ignition nozzle; 21. First shell; 22. First nozzle; 221. First jet hole; 222. Second jet hole; 23. First hydrogen channel; 24. Air channel; 25. First isolation channel; 26. First air hole;

[0030] 3. Combustion nozzle; 31. Second shell; 32. Second nozzle; 321. Third jet hole; 33. Second hydrogen channel; 34. Second isolation channel; 35. Second air hole;

[0031] 4. Ignition nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The following combination Figure 1-Figure 7 The present invention describes a soft ignition hydrogen combustion chamber and ignition mechanism.

[0034] The embodiment of the present invention provides an ignition mechanism, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a flame tube 1, an ignition nozzle 4, a first air supply pipe and a second air supply pipe.

[0035] Among them, the flame tube 1 is provided with a combustion nozzle 3 and an ignition nozzle 2, and a plurality of combustion nozzles 3 and ignition nozzles 2 are provided. The multiple combustion nozzles 3 and the multiple ignition nozzles 2 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and the jet ports of the ignition nozzle 2 and the jet ports of the combustion nozzle 3 are arranged in the flame tube 1 along a first direction, and the first direction is clockwise or counterclockwise; the ignition nozzle 4 is provided on the flame tube 1, and the number of the ignition nozzles 4 is the same as that of the ignition nozzle 2, and each ignition nozzle 4 corresponds to the jet port of the adjacent ignition nozzle 2; the first air supply pipe is connected to the multiple ignition nozzles 2 respectively, for providing hydrogen to each ignition nozzle 2; the second air supply pipe is connected to the multiple combustion nozzles 3 respectively, for providing hydrogen to each combustion nozzle 3.

[0036] With such an arrangement, considering the safety issues such as stable and explosion-free ignition of hydrogen, multiple ignition nozzles 2 are provided with hydrogen using a separate gas supply pipe, so that the equivalence ratio during ignition can be adjusted individually to ensure stable and safe ignition. After the ignition nozzle 2 forms a stable flame, another gas supply pipe is used to supply hydrogen to the combustion nozzle 3. By arranging the jet port of the ignition nozzle 2 and the jet port of the combustion nozzle 3 in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, that is, the jet port of the current nozzle is facing the next nozzle, so that the combustion nozzle 3 is ignited by the flame after the stable ignition formed by the ignition nozzle 2, so that the subsequent combustion nozzles 3 can be ignited in sequence to form a linked flame, that is, the flame first spreads from the local ignition area at the ignition nozzle 2 to the area of ​​the combustion nozzle 3, and then develops to the entire combustion chamber, forming stable ignition, and no hydrogen explosion phenomenon will occur during ignition. The ignition and linked flame of the entire combustion chamber are softer and smoother, achieving efficient, stable, safe and reliable ignition and combustion effects.

[0037] In some embodiments, at least two ignition nozzles 2 are provided, for example, two, three or more ignition nozzles 2 are provided, and the plurality of ignition nozzles 2 are evenly distributed on the flame tube 1 along the circumferential direction; for example, Figure 1 As shown, two ignition nozzles 2 are provided, and the two ignition nozzles 2 are arranged opposite to each other, and each ignition nozzle 2 is responsible for igniting the same number of combustion nozzles 3; or, three ignition nozzles 2 are provided, and the three ignition nozzles 2 are evenly distributed on the flame tube 1 in the shape of a regular triangle, and the number of combustion nozzles 3 between two adjacent ignition nozzles 2 is the same.

[0038] Optionally, four ignition nozzles 2 are provided, and the four ignition nozzles 2 are evenly distributed on the flame tube 1 in a square shape, and the number of combustion nozzles 3 between two adjacent ignition nozzles 2 is the same.

[0039] Such an arrangement can form multiple local ignition areas, so that after each ignition nozzle 2 is ignited, the subsequent combustion nozzles 3 can be ignited in sequence along the circumferential direction. By igniting multiple ignition nozzles 2 at the same time, the time required for ignition of all combustion nozzles 3 can be shortened, and the ignition and cross-flame of the entire combustion chamber are softer and smoother, achieving efficient, stable, safe and reliable ignition and combustion effects.

[0040] In other embodiments, at least two groups of ignition nozzles 2 are provided, and the multiple groups of ignition nozzles 2 are evenly distributed on the flame tube 1 along the circumferential direction, each group of ignition nozzles 2 includes two ignition nozzles 2, and the ignition nozzle 4 is provided between two adjacent ignition nozzles 2; that is, the ignition nozzles 2 are grouped in pairs, and the multiple groups of ignition nozzles 2 are evenly distributed on the flame tube 1 along the circumferential direction, and the number of combustion nozzles 3 between two adjacent groups of ignition nozzles 2 is the same.

[0041] With this arrangement, two ignition nozzles 2 are used at the same ignition position, compared to one ignition nozzle 2, so that the energy generated by the ignition nozzle 2 after forming a stable flame is greater, and it is easier to ignite the subsequent combustion nozzle 3, thereby improving the ignition efficiency and ensuring that the combustion chamber is ignited.

[0042] Reference Figures 2 to 4 In this embodiment, the ignition nozzle 2 includes a first shell 21, a first nozzle 22, a first hydrogen channel 23 and an air channel 24. The first shell 21 is passed through and fixed on the flame tube 1. The first nozzle 22 is arranged at one end of the first shell 21 located inside the flame tube 1. The first nozzle 22 is provided with a first jet hole 221 and multiple second jet holes 222. The multiple second jet holes 222 are arranged around the first jet hole 221. The air channel 24 is provided in the first shell 21 and communicates with the first jet hole 221. The number of first hydrogen channels 23 and second jet holes 222 is the same. The multiple first hydrogen channels 23 are all located in the first shell 21. One end of the first hydrogen channel 23 is connected to the corresponding second jet hole 222, and the other end is connected to the first air supply pipe.

[0043] With such an arrangement, during operation, hydrogen is first supplied to the two ignition nozzles 2 by the first air supply pipe, and the hydrogen enters the first hydrogen channel 23 and is ejected from the second jet hole 222 of the first nozzle 22. A separate stream of air is drawn out through the air channel 24 and ejected from the first jet hole 221 at the center of the first nozzle 22, so that this stream of air can arrive at the ignition position together with the hydrogen for ignition, and the injection speed of the hydrogen and air flow is adjusted so that the mixed flow can be fully mixed before reaching the ignition position. Compared with the ignition scheme of the ordinary aircraft engine combustion chamber, the hydrogen and air at the ignition nozzle 2 of the present invention are mixed faster and more evenly, so that the fully mixed airflow can smoothly reach the electric spark generated by the ignition nozzle 4, so that the mixed flow is smoothly ignited. In addition, the air channel 24 at the center also helps to prevent backfire caused by other unstable factors in the early stage of ignition, and no hydrogen explosion phenomenon will occur during ignition, which helps to promote the realization of methods of ignition and organized combustion in other gaseous fuel aircraft engine combustion chambers.

[0044] Furthermore, a first isolation channel 25 is provided between the first nozzle 22 and the first shell 21 . The first shell 21 is provided with a plurality of first air holes 26 . The first air holes 26 are communicated with the first isolation channel 25 for providing air to the first nozzle 22 .

[0045] In this way, by arranging multiple first air holes 26 in the first shell 21, the incoming air is introduced into the first nozzle 22 from the first air holes 26, so that the introduced air can be remixed with the air ejected from the first jet hole 221, which helps to improve the mixing degree of the gas and ensure that the airflow can burn stably; moreover, the first isolation channel 25 can separate the outer wall of the nozzle that is easily ablated from the structure inside the nozzle, prevent the inside of the nozzle from being affected by high temperature, and increase the service life of the ignition nozzle 2.

[0046] Reference Figures 5 to 7 In this embodiment, the combustion nozzle 3 includes a second shell 31, a second nozzle 32 and a second hydrogen channel 33. The second shell 31 is passed through and fixed on the flame tube 1. The second nozzle 32 is arranged at one end of the second shell 31 located inside the flame tube 1. The second nozzle 32 is provided with a plurality of third injection holes 321. The number of the second hydrogen channels 33 is the same as the number of the third injection holes 321. The plurality of second hydrogen channels 33 are all located in the second shell 31. One end of the second hydrogen channel 33 is connected to the corresponding third injection hole 321, and the other end is connected to the second gas supply pipe.

[0047] With this arrangement, after the ignition nozzle 2 forms stable ignition, hydrogen is supplied to the combustion nozzle 3 through the second gas supply pipe. The hydrogen enters the second hydrogen channel 33 and is ejected from the third injection hole 321 of the second nozzle 32. The flame after stable ignition is formed by the ignition nozzle 2 is ignited. By adjusting the injection speed of the hydrogen gas flow, the currently ignited combustion nozzle 3 can sequentially ignite the subsequent combustion nozzles 3 to form a linked flame.

[0048] Furthermore, a second isolation channel 34 is provided between the second nozzle 32 and the second shell 31 . The second shell 31 is provided with a plurality of second air holes 35 . The second air holes 35 are communicated with the second isolation channel 34 for providing air to the second nozzle 32 .

[0049] In this way, by providing multiple second air holes 35 in the second shell 31, the incoming air is introduced from the second air holes 35 to the second nozzle 32, so that the introduced air can be remixed with the air ejected from the third jet hole 321, which helps to improve the mixing degree of the gas and ensure that the airflow can burn stably; moreover, the second isolation channel 34 can separate the outer wall of the nozzle that is easily ablated from the structure inside the nozzle, prevent the inside of the nozzle from being affected by high temperature, and improve the service life of the combustion nozzle 3.

[0050] In some embodiments, the second air-jet hole 222 and the third air-jet hole 321 are circular holes with a diameter of 0.6-1 mm.

[0051] In some embodiments, the air channel 24 is configured as a spiral channel so that the air can have a certain swirl after entering the channel, so that it can be better mixed with the hydrogen, making the ignition more reliable and stable.

[0052] The present invention also provides a soft-ignition hydrogen combustion chamber, which includes the above-mentioned ignition mechanism. Since the above-mentioned ignition mechanism is adopted, it has all the advantages thereof, which will not be described in detail.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ignition mechanism, characterized in that: include: A flame tube (1), wherein a combustion nozzle (3) and an ignition nozzle (2) are provided on the flame tube (1), a plurality of the combustion nozzles (3) and the ignition nozzles (2) are provided, the plurality of the combustion nozzles (3) and the plurality of the ignition nozzles (2) are arranged at equal intervals along a circumferential direction, and the jet openings of the ignition nozzles (2) and the jet openings of the combustion nozzles (3) are arranged in the flame tube (1) along a first direction, and the first direction is a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction, that is, the jet openings of the current nozzles are all directed toward the next nozzle; An ignition nozzle (4) is arranged on the flame tube (1), the number of the ignition nozzles (4) is the same as the number of the ignition nozzles (2), and each ignition nozzle (4) corresponds to the air jet of an adjacent ignition nozzle (2); a first gas supply pipe, the first gas supply pipe being connected to each of the plurality of ignition nozzles (2) and being used to supply hydrogen to each of the ignition nozzles (2); a second gas supply pipe, the second gas supply pipe being connected to the plurality of combustion nozzles (3) respectively and being used to supply hydrogen to each of the combustion nozzles (3); At least two ignition nozzles (2) are provided, and the plurality of ignition nozzles (2) are evenly distributed on the flame tube (1) along the circumferential direction; or, at least two groups of ignition nozzles (2) are provided, and the plurality of groups of ignition nozzles (2) are evenly distributed on the flame tube (1) along the circumferential direction, each group of ignition nozzles (2) includes two ignition nozzles (2), and the ignition nozzle (4) is provided between two adjacent ignition nozzles (2).

2. The ignition mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ignition nozzle (2) comprises a first shell (21), a first nozzle (22), a first hydrogen channel (23) and an air channel (24); the first shell (21) is passed through and fixed in the flame tube (1); the first nozzle (22) is arranged at one end of the first shell (21) located in the flame tube (1); the first nozzle (22) is provided with a first jet hole (221) and a plurality of second jet holes (222); the plurality of second jet holes (222) are arranged around the first jet hole (221); the air channel (24) is arranged in the first shell (21) and communicates with the first jet hole (221); the number of the first hydrogen channels (23) is the same as that of the first jet holes (221); the plurality of first hydrogen channels (23) are all located in the first shell (21); one end of the first hydrogen channel (23) is connected to the corresponding second jet hole (222), and the other end is connected to the first air supply pipe.

3. The ignition mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first isolation channel (25) is further provided between the first nozzle (22) and the first shell (21), and the first shell (21) is provided with a plurality of first air holes (26), which are communicated with the first isolation channel (25) for providing air to the first nozzle (22).

4. The ignition mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The combustion nozzle (3) comprises a second shell (31), a second nozzle (32) and a second hydrogen channel (33); the second shell (31) is passed through and fixed in the flame tube (1); the second nozzle (32) is arranged at one end of the second shell (31) located in the flame tube (1); the second nozzle (32) is provided with a plurality of third injection holes (321); the number of the second hydrogen channels (33) is the same as the number of the third injection holes (321); the plurality of second hydrogen channels (33) are all located in the second shell (31); one end of the second hydrogen channel (33) is connected to the corresponding third injection hole (321), and the other end is connected to the second gas supply pipe.

5. The ignition mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: A second isolation channel (34) is further provided between the second nozzle (32) and the second shell (31), and the second shell (31) is provided with a plurality of second air holes (35). The second air holes (35) are in communication with the second isolation channel (34) for supplying air to the second nozzle (32).

6. The ignition mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second air jet hole (222) and the third air jet hole (321) are circular holes with a diameter of 0.6-1 mm.

7. The ignition mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air channel (24) is configured as a spiral channel.

8. A soft ignition hydrogen combustion chamber, characterized in that Comprising the ignition mechanism according to any one of claims 1-7.

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