A heat flux and water heat monitoring system and method for frozen soil areas

Abstract

The present invention discloses a heat flux and water-heat monitoring system and method for a frozen soil area, comprising dividing a frozen soil area into a plurality of monitoring modules, installing a visual monitoring module in each monitoring module, and using the visual monitoring module to collect a frozen soil monitoring image of each monitoring module in real time; performing real-time processing and analysis on the frozen soil monitoring image, processing the frozen soil monitoring images of a plurality of monitoring modules in the same area, and determining average plant growth changes of the plurality of monitoring modules in the same area; setting plant growth changes in a comparison environment, constructing a soil temperature and humidity influence model based on the plant growth changes in the comparison environment and the temperature and humidity of the frozen soil area, and determining underground heat flux and water-heat data of the frozen soil area based on the average plant growth changes of the plurality of monitoring modules in the frozen soil area; the present invention utilizes the plant growth conditions in the frozen soil area to indirectly monitor the heat flux and water-heat conditions in the frozen soil area, thereby improving the universality and robustness of monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of permafrost area monitoring, and in particular to a permafrost area heat flux and water heat monitoring system and method. Background Art

[0002] In the field of frozen soil engineering, calorimetry and thermometry are two commonly used methods to determine the unfrozen water content of frozen soil. These two methods can accurately determine the moisture content in frozen soil and provide important reference information for engineering design and construction. Among them, the thermometry method obtains the thermodynamic information of the object by measuring the temperature on the surface or inside the object; the calorimetry method studies the properties and state of the object by measuring the heat absorbed or released by the object during heating or cooling.

[0003] The above two implementation methods are fixed-point measurements. If you want to conduct universal monitoring of the permafrost area, you need to collect more monitoring points and increase the number of samples, which makes universal monitoring more difficult. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a heat flux and hydrothermal monitoring system and method for permafrost areas to solve the technical problem in the prior art that more monitoring points need to be collected, the number of samples increased, and the difficulty of general monitoring increases.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention specifically provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for monitoring heat flux and water heat in a frozen soil region comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 100: Divide the frozen soil area into a plurality of monitoring modules, install a visual monitoring module in each monitoring module, and use the visual monitoring module to collect frozen soil monitoring images of each monitoring module in real time;

[0008] Step 200: Process and analyze the frozen soil monitoring image in real time, process the frozen soil monitoring images of multiple monitoring modules in the same area, and determine the average plant growth change of the multiple monitoring modules in the same area;

[0009] Step 300, set the plant growth changes in the comparison environment, build a soil temperature and humidity influence model based on the plant growth changes in the comparison environment and the temperature and humidity in the permafrost zone, and determine the underground heat flux and hydrothermal data in the permafrost zone based on the average plant growth changes of multiple monitoring modules in the permafrost zone, and indirectly monitor the heat flux and hydrothermal changes in the permafrost zone from the perspective of plant growth changes.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the present invention, in step 100, the frozen soil area is divided into multiple rows of parallel distributed monitoring branches, each row of the monitoring branches is further divided into multiple monitoring modules, and the frozen soil monitoring images of the monitoring branches in the same row are uniformly analyzed to determine the changes in the frozen soil monitoring images of each row of monitoring branches;

[0011] Among them, each row of the monitoring branches is oriented east-west, the monitoring branches in adjacent rows are distributed in the north-south direction, and the spacing between the monitoring branches in adjacent rows is the same.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the present invention, in step 200, the method for implementing image processing and analysis of the frozen soil monitoring image collected in real time is:

[0013] The frozen soil monitoring image is first processed into a grayscale image, and then the grayscale image is processed into an initial binary image to extract plant features in the frozen soil monitoring image;

[0014] Averaging plant features in multiple frozen soil monitoring images of the same monitoring branch to determine average plant growth conditions in the multiple frozen soil monitoring images of the monitoring branch;

[0015] The number and distribution position changes of pixel points representing plant characteristics in the real-time frozen soil monitoring images of the same monitoring branch are collected in real time, and the plant growth changes are determined by comparing the average changes of pixel points representing plant characteristics in the same monitoring branch.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the implementation method of determining the plant growth change by comparing the average change of pixels in the same monitoring branch is specifically as follows:

[0017] Count the average number of pixels representing plant features in the initial binary image of the current frozen soil monitoring image of all monitoring modules of each monitoring branch, and count the average number of pixels representing plant features in the initial binary image of the frozen soil monitoring image acquired in the last acquisition of all monitoring modules;

[0018] The average number of pixels representing plant features in two adjacent image acquisitions is compared, and the overall plant growth changes of the monitored branch are determined based on the comparison results, wherein the overall plant growth changes include changes in plant coverage and changes in plant growth height.

[0019] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the implementation method of screening out the plant height growth change from the initial binary image of each frozen soil monitoring image is:

[0020] The initial binary image of the frozen soil monitoring image is traversed in order from top to bottom, the pixel values ​​corresponding to each row of pixels are obtained, and the height of each row of pixels representing plant characteristics is screened out, and the plant growth height is determined according to the height of each row of pixels representing plant characteristics;

[0021] The pixel distribution height of the first frozen soil monitoring image of each monitoring branch is determined in time sequence, and the plant height growth changes of the monitoring module are determined by comparing the pixel heights of each row representing plant characteristics in the initial binary images of frozen soil monitoring images of other time sequences.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 300, a comparison environment is constructed using the air temperature and humidity of the frozen soil area, the same plants are placed in the monitored air temperature and humidity of the frozen soil area for cultivation, and the growth changes of the plants under the air temperature and humidity of the frozen soil area are determined;

[0023] The plant height growth changes in the frozen soil monitoring image are compared with the plant growth changes in the comparison environment to preliminarily determine the temperature and humidity comparison change trends in the frozen soil area.

[0024] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the comparison environment is constructed as follows:

[0025] Determine the average air temperature and average air humidity of the frozen soil area where each row of the monitoring branches is located, construct a frozen soil environment for the frozen soil area based on the average air temperature and average air humidity of the frozen soil area monitored in real time, and adjust the frozen soil environment according to the real-time average air temperature and real-time average air humidity of the frozen soil area;

[0026] Determine the wide-cover plants in the frozen soil area where each row of the monitoring branches is located, place the wide-cover plants in the comparison environment, and monitor the growth changes of the wide-cover plants in the comparison environment over a period of time in days.

[0027] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the growth changes of wide-coverage plants in a comparison environment over a period of days are compared with the average plant height growth changes in the frozen soil monitoring images of the same row of monitoring branches collected in real time to derive the change range of soil temperature and humidity in the frozen soil zone.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the implementation method of constructing the influence model between plant growth changes and temperature and humidity in frozen soil areas is as follows:

[0029] Independently analyze the growth changes of wide-cover plants in the contrast environment in units of days, and the relationship between the soil temperature and humidity in the corresponding contrast environment, determine the degree of influence of soil temperature and humidity on plant growth, and construct a model of the influence of soil temperature and humidity on plant growth;

[0030] At the same time, the growth changes of wide-cover plants in the contrast environment within the unit of days and the average plant height growth changes in the frozen soil monitoring images of the monitoring branches in the same row are collected. Based on the average plant height growth and impact model in the frozen soil monitoring images of the monitoring branches in the same row, the soil temperature and humidity in the frozen soil zone are reversely deduced.

[0031] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention also provides a permafrost region heat flux and water heat monitoring system, comprising:

[0032] The contrast environment construction module adjusts the cultivation soil based on the air temperature and air humidity in the frozen soil area to cultivate plants, monitors the growth changes of plants in real time, and determines the growth changes of plants in the contrast environment per unit time;

[0033] An impact model building module determines the impact model of soil temperature and soil moisture on plant growth based on the relationship between plant growth changes in the comparative environment and soil temperature and soil moisture;

[0034] On-site real-time acquisition and processing module, used to collect images of plants in frozen soil areas in real time, average the growth conditions of plants in multiple monitoring areas in the same row in the east-west direction, and determine the average growth changes of plants in the same row of monitoring branches;

[0035] The permafrost zone heat flux prediction module predicts underground heat flux and hydrothermal data in the permafrost zone based on the impact model formed by the impact model construction module and the average plant growth changes collected by the on-site real-time collection and processing module.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] The present invention utilizes the air humidity and temperature of each monitoring branch to form a soil environment, places plants in the soil environment for cultivation and growth to form a control group, compares the plant growth changes in the control group with those in the permafrost zone, and forms a soil temperature and humidity influence model based on the plant growth changes in the control group. According to the comparison results and the soil temperature and humidity influence model, the soil temperature and humidity in the permafrost zone are determined, and the heat flux and water heat in the permafrost zone are further determined. The plant growth conditions in the permafrost zone are used to indirectly monitor the heat flux and water heat conditions in the permafrost zone. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of a method for monitoring heat flux and hydrothermal in a frozen soil region according to an embodiment of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for monitoring heat flux and water heat in a frozen soil region, comprising the following steps:

[0042] Step 100: Divide the frozen soil area into a plurality of monitoring modules, install a visual monitoring module in each monitoring module, and use the visual monitoring module to collect frozen soil monitoring images of each monitoring module in real time.

[0043] Step 200: Perform real-time processing and analysis on the frozen soil monitoring images, process the frozen soil monitoring images of multiple monitoring modules in the same area, and determine the average plant growth changes of the multiple monitoring modules in the same area.

[0044] Step 300, set the plant growth changes in the comparison environment, build a soil temperature and humidity influence model based on the plant growth changes in the comparison environment and the temperature and humidity in the permafrost zone, and determine the underground heat flux and hydrothermal data in the permafrost zone based on the average plant growth changes of multiple monitoring modules in the permafrost zone, and indirectly monitor the heat flux and hydrothermal changes in the permafrost zone from the perspective of plant growth changes.

[0045] Since the growth of plants in permafrost areas will change rapidly due to the increase in temperature and humidity after the permafrost warms up and melts, the temperature and humidity changes in the permafrost areas can be indirectly determined by observing the changes in plant growth. Moreover, since the monitoring module for monitoring plant growth changes has a large coverage area, it is possible to achieve wide-area and universal monitoring of permafrost areas, thereby improving the robustness of heat flux and water-heat monitoring in permafrost areas.

[0046] The present embodiment utilizes plant growth conditions to determine the heat flux and hydrothermal monitoring in the permafrost area in the following specific ways: the permafrost area is divided into different monitoring branches according to latitude, multiple monitoring modules are selected for each monitoring branch, and the plant growth changes in the permafrost monitoring images collected by each monitoring module are used to finally obtain the average plant growth changes of each monitoring branch.

[0047] The air humidity and temperature of each monitoring branch are used to form a soil environment, and plants are placed in the soil environment for cultivation and growth to form a control group. The plant growth changes in the control group are compared with those in the permafrost zone, and a soil temperature and humidity influence model is formed based on the plant growth changes in the control group. Based on the comparison results and the soil temperature and humidity influence model, the soil temperature and humidity in the permafrost zone are determined, and the heat flux and water heat in the permafrost zone are further determined. The plant growth conditions in the permafrost zone are used to indirectly monitor the heat flux and water heat conditions in the permafrost zone.

[0048] Among them, in order to increase the monitoring coverage of plant growth in each row of monitoring branches, the frozen soil monitoring images of multiple monitoring modules of each row of monitoring branches are uniformly analyzed to determine the average growth of plants in the monitoring branch. In step 100, the frozen soil area is divided into multiple rows of parallel distributed monitoring branches, and each row of monitoring branches is further divided into multiple monitoring modules. The frozen soil monitoring images of the same row of monitoring branches are uniformly analyzed to determine the changes in the frozen soil monitoring images of each row of monitoring branches.

[0049] Among them, each row of monitoring branches is oriented east-west, and adjacent rows of monitoring branches are distributed north-south, and the spacing between adjacent rows of monitoring branches is the same.

[0050] It should be noted that in order to improve the monitoring accuracy of plant growth in each row of monitoring branches, the permafrost area is divided into different monitoring branches in the east-west direction, and the spacing between adjacent rows of monitoring branches is the same. At this time, the monitoring results of plant growth in the same row of monitoring branches are more accurate.

[0051] The means to obtain the frozen soil monitoring images of each monitoring module can be to use a drone to take timed photos, or to install a camera in each monitoring module to take timed photos, so as to at least obtain the daily growth changes of the plants in the monitoring module, and determine the plant growth status of each monitoring module by comparing the daily frozen soil monitoring images of each monitoring module.

[0052] In order to obtain the plant growth status of each monitoring module, in step 200, the method for performing image processing and analysis on the frozen soil monitoring image collected in real time is as follows:

[0053] The frozen soil monitoring image is first processed into a grayscale image, and then the grayscale image is processed into an initial binary image to extract plant features in the frozen soil monitoring image;

[0054] Averaging plant features in multiple frozen soil monitoring images of the same monitoring branch to determine average plant growth conditions in the multiple frozen soil monitoring images of the monitoring branch;

[0055] The number and distribution position changes of pixel points representing plant characteristics in the real-time frozen soil monitoring images of the same monitoring branch are collected in real time, and the plant growth changes are determined by comparing the average changes of pixel points representing plant characteristics in the same monitoring branch.

[0056] In this embodiment, the pixel values ​​of the pixels representing plant characteristics in the frozen soil monitoring image can be set to 0 or 255, and the pixel values ​​of the pixels of other characteristics can be set to 255 or 0, so that the pixels representing plant characteristics can be directly highlighted, facilitating subsequent feature extraction and monitoring the distribution changes of the pixels representing plant characteristics.

[0057] The specific implementation method of determining plant growth changes by comparing the average changes of pixels within the same monitoring branch is as follows:

[0058] Count the average number of pixels representing plant features in the initial binary image of the current frozen soil monitoring image of all monitoring modules of each monitoring branch, and count the average number of pixels representing plant features in the initial binary image of the frozen soil monitoring image acquired in the last acquisition of all monitoring modules;

[0059] The average number of pixels representing plant features in two adjacent image acquisitions is compared, and the overall plant growth changes of the monitored branch are determined based on the comparison results, wherein the overall plant growth changes include changes in plant coverage and changes in plant growth height.

[0060] Generally speaking, when frozen soil warms up and melts, the increase in temperature and humidity will cause plant growth to change rapidly. At this time, plant growth not only changes in height, but also in coverage. Therefore, by monitoring the changes in the average number of pixels representing plant characteristics in all monitoring modules of the same monitoring branch, the overall plant growth changes in the monitoring branch can be determined.

[0061] The implementation method of screening out the plant height growth changes from the initial binary image of each frozen soil monitoring image is as follows:

[0062] The initial binary image of the frozen soil monitoring image is traversed in order from top to bottom, the pixel values ​​corresponding to each row of pixels are obtained, and the height of each row of pixels representing plant characteristics is screened out, and the plant growth height is determined according to the height of each row of pixels representing plant characteristics;

[0063] The pixel distribution height of the first frozen soil monitoring image of each monitoring branch is determined in time sequence, and the plant height growth changes of the monitoring module are determined by comparing the pixel heights of each row representing plant characteristics in the initial binary images of frozen soil monitoring images of other time sequences.

[0064] In order to facilitate the plant growth changes in the comparison environment in step 300, it is necessary to separate the plant growth height change data from the overall plant growth changes in the monitored branches.

[0065] The specific reasons are: the comparison environment uses soil and plants from the permafrost zone, and by adjusting the temperature and humidity of the soil in the permafrost zone to the air temperature and humidity in the permafrost zone, the influence of the soil temperature and humidity in the permafrost zone on plant growth changes is determined; by comparing the plant growth changes in the comparison environment with the actual plant growth changes on site in the permafrost zone, the temperature and humidity in the permafrost zone are predicted.

[0066] Among them, since the environment in the comparison environment is a simulated environment, the space of the comparison environment is relatively small and cannot accurately simulate the changes in plant coverage. Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of the comparison results, the plant height growth changes in the comparison environment are compared with the real-time plant height growth changes on-site in the frozen soil area to determine the impact of soil temperature and humidity on plant height growth changes.

[0067] Therefore, in step 300, a comparison environment is constructed with the air temperature and humidity of the frozen soil area, the same plants are placed in the monitored air temperature and humidity of the frozen soil area for cultivation, and the growth changes of the plants under the air temperature and humidity of the frozen soil area are determined;

[0068] The changes in plant height growth in the frozen soil monitoring image are compared with the changes in plant growth in the comparison environment to preliminarily determine the temperature and humidity comparison change trends in the frozen soil area.

[0069] The implementation method of building a comparison environment is as follows:

[0070] Determine the average air temperature and average air humidity of the frozen soil area where each row of monitoring branches is located, construct a frozen soil environment for the frozen soil area based on the average air temperature and average air humidity of the frozen soil area monitored in real time, and adjust the frozen soil environment according to the real-time average air temperature and real-time average air humidity of the frozen soil area;

[0071] The wide-cover plants in the frozen soil area where each row of monitoring branches is located are determined, the wide-cover plants are placed in a comparison environment, and the growth changes of the wide-cover plants in the comparison environment are monitored over a period of days.

[0072] The growth changes of wide-cover plants in the comparison environment within a period of days are compared with the average plant height growth changes in the frozen soil monitoring images of the same row of monitoring branches collected in real time to deduce the change range of soil temperature and humidity in the frozen soil area.

[0073] The implementation method of constructing the impact model between plant growth changes and temperature and humidity in permafrost areas is as follows:

[0074] Independently analyze the growth changes of wide-cover plants in the contrast environment in units of days, and the relationship between the soil temperature and humidity in the corresponding contrast environment, determine the degree of influence of soil temperature and humidity on plant growth, and construct a model of the influence of soil temperature and humidity on plant growth;

[0075] At the same time, the growth changes of wide-cover plants in the contrast environment within the unit of days and the average plant height growth changes in the frozen soil monitoring images of the monitoring branches in the same row are collected. Based on the average plant height growth and impact model in the frozen soil monitoring images of the monitoring branches in the same row, the soil temperature and humidity in the frozen soil zone are reversely deduced.

[0076] First, the air temperature and air humidity in the permafrost area are monitored in real time and introduced into the soil of the contrast environment. By monitoring the growth changes of plants in the soil environment with determined temperature and humidity, a model of the impact of soil temperature and humidity on plant growth is determined.

[0077] At this time, based on the real-time changes in plant growth in the soil environment in the permafrost area and combined with the impact model, the soil temperature and humidity in the permafrost area are reversely deduced, and then the heat flux and water-heat data of the soil area are obtained, thereby improving the accuracy and wide-area universality of monitoring. The implementation method is simple and convenient, and there is no need to deploy a large number of monitoring components.

[0078] Based on the above-mentioned permafrost area heat flux and hydrothermal monitoring method, this embodiment also provides a permafrost area heat flux and hydrothermal monitoring system, including: a comparative environment construction module, an impact model construction module, an on-site real-time collection and processing module and a permafrost area heat flux prediction module.

[0079] The contrast environment construction module adjusts the cultivation soil based on the air temperature and air humidity in the frozen soil area to cultivate plants, and monitors the growth changes of plants in real time to determine the growth changes of plants in the contrast environment per unit time;

[0080] The impact model building module determines the impact model of soil temperature and soil moisture on plant growth based on the relationship between plant growth changes in the contrast environment and soil temperature and soil moisture;

[0081] The on-site real-time acquisition and processing module is used to collect images of plants in the frozen soil area in real time, average the plant growth conditions of multiple monitoring areas in the same row in the east-west direction, and determine the average growth changes of plants in the same row of monitoring branches;

[0082] The permafrost zone heat flux prediction module predicts underground heat flux and hydrothermal data in the permafrost zone based on the impact model formed by the impact model construction module and the average plant growth changes collected by the on-site real-time collection and processing module.

[0083] This implementation method uses the air humidity and temperature of each monitoring branch to form a soil environment, places plants in the soil environment for cultivation and growth, and forms a control group. The plant growth changes in the control group are compared with the plant growth changes in the permafrost zone, and a soil temperature and humidity influence model is formed based on the plant growth changes in the control group. According to the comparison results and the soil temperature and humidity influence model, the soil temperature and humidity in the permafrost zone are determined, and the heat flux and water heat in the permafrost zone are further determined. The plant growth conditions in the permafrost zone are used to indirectly monitor the heat flux and water heat conditions in the permafrost zone.

[0084] The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. The protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the present application within the essence and protection scope of the present application, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions shall also be deemed to fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring heat flux and water heat in frozen soil areas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 100: Divide the frozen soil area into a plurality of monitoring modules, install a visual monitoring module in each monitoring module, and use the visual monitoring module to collect frozen soil monitoring images of each monitoring module in real time; Step 200: Process and analyze the frozen soil monitoring image in real time, process the frozen soil monitoring images of multiple monitoring modules in the same area, and determine the average plant growth change of the multiple monitoring modules in the same area; Step 300, setting plant growth changes in the comparison environment, building a soil temperature and humidity impact model based on the plant growth changes in the comparison environment and the temperature and humidity in the frozen soil area, and determining underground heat flux and hydrothermal data in the frozen soil area based on the average plant growth changes of multiple monitoring modules in the frozen soil area, and indirectly monitoring heat flux and hydrothermal changes in the frozen soil area from the perspective of plant growth changes; In step 100, the frozen soil area is divided into multiple rows of parallel distributed monitoring branches, each row of the monitoring branches is further divided into multiple monitoring modules, and the frozen soil monitoring images of the monitoring branches in the same row are uniformly analyzed to determine the changes in the frozen soil monitoring images of each row of monitoring branches; Wherein, each row of the monitoring branches is oriented east-west, the monitoring branches in adjacent rows are distributed in north-south directions, and the spacing between the monitoring branches in adjacent rows is the same; In step 300, a comparison environment is constructed using the air temperature and humidity of the frozen soil region, the same plants are placed in the monitored air temperature and humidity of the frozen soil region for cultivation, and the growth changes of the plants under the air temperature and humidity of the frozen soil region are determined; Comparing the plant height growth changes in the frozen soil monitoring image with the plant growth changes in the comparison environment to preliminarily determine the temperature and humidity comparison change trends in the frozen soil area; The implementation method of building a comparison environment is as follows: Determine the average air temperature and average air humidity of the frozen soil area where each row of the monitoring branches is located, construct a frozen soil environment for the frozen soil area based on the average air temperature and average air humidity of the frozen soil area monitored in real time, and adjust the frozen soil environment according to the real-time average air temperature and real-time average air humidity of the frozen soil area; Determine the wide-cover plants in the frozen soil area where each row of the monitoring branches is located, place the wide-cover plants in the comparison environment, and monitor the growth changes of the wide-cover plants in the comparison environment over a period of time in days.

2. A method for monitoring heat flux and water heat in frozen soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 200, the method for implementing image processing and analysis on the frozen soil monitoring image collected in real time is: The frozen soil monitoring image is first processed into a grayscale image, and then the grayscale image is processed into an initial binary image to extract plant features in the frozen soil monitoring image; Averaging plant features in multiple frozen soil monitoring images of the same monitoring branch to determine average plant growth conditions in the multiple frozen soil monitoring images of the monitoring branch; The number and distribution position changes of pixel points representing plant characteristics in the real-time frozen soil monitoring images of the same monitoring branch are collected in real time, and the plant growth changes are determined by comparing the average changes of pixel points representing plant characteristics in the same monitoring branch.

3. A method for monitoring heat flux and water heat in frozen soil areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific implementation method of determining plant growth changes by comparing the average changes of pixels within the same monitoring branch is as follows: Count the average number of pixels representing plant features in the initial binary image of the current frozen soil monitoring image of all monitoring modules of each monitoring branch, and count the average number of pixels representing plant features in the initial binary image of the frozen soil monitoring image acquired in the last acquisition of all monitoring modules; The average number of pixels representing plant features in two adjacent image acquisitions is compared, and the overall plant growth changes of the monitored branch are determined based on the comparison results, wherein the overall plant growth changes include changes in plant coverage and changes in plant growth height.

4. A method for monitoring heat flux and water heat in frozen soil areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The implementation method of screening out the plant height growth change from the initial binary image of each frozen soil monitoring image is as follows: The initial binary image of the frozen soil monitoring image is traversed in order from top to bottom, the pixel values ​​corresponding to each row of pixels are obtained, and the height of each row of pixels representing plant characteristics is screened out, and the plant growth height is determined according to the height of each row of pixels representing plant characteristics; The pixel distribution height of the first frozen soil monitoring image of each monitoring branch is determined in time sequence, and the plant height growth changes of the monitoring module are determined by comparing the pixel heights of each row representing plant characteristics in the initial binary images of frozen soil monitoring images of other time sequences.

5. A method for monitoring heat flux and water heat in frozen soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The growth changes of wide-cover plants in the comparison environment within a period of days are compared with the average plant height growth changes in the frozen soil monitoring images of the same row of monitoring branches collected in real time to deduce the change range of soil temperature and humidity in the frozen soil area.

6. A method for monitoring heat flux and water heat in frozen soil areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The implementation method of constructing the impact model between plant growth changes and temperature and humidity in permafrost areas is as follows: Independently analyze the growth changes of wide-cover plants in the contrast environment in units of days, and the relationship between the soil temperature and humidity in the corresponding contrast environment, determine the degree of influence of soil temperature and humidity on plant growth, and construct a model of the influence of soil temperature and humidity on plant growth; At the same time, the growth changes of wide-cover plants in the contrast environment within the unit of days and the average plant height growth changes in the frozen soil monitoring images of the monitoring branches in the same row are collected. Based on the average plant height growth and impact model in the frozen soil monitoring images of the monitoring branches in the same row, the soil temperature and humidity in the frozen soil zone are reversely deduced.

7. A monitoring system based on the heat flux and hydrothermal monitoring method in frozen soil areas according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: include: The contrast environment construction module adjusts the cultivation soil based on the air temperature and air humidity in the frozen soil area to cultivate plants, monitors the growth changes of plants in real time, and determines the growth changes of plants in the contrast environment per unit time; An impact model building module determines the impact model of soil temperature and soil moisture on plant growth based on the relationship between plant growth changes in the comparative environment and soil temperature and soil moisture; On-site real-time acquisition and processing module, used to collect images of plants in frozen soil areas in real time, average the growth conditions of plants in multiple monitoring areas in the same row in the east-west direction, and determine the average growth changes of plants in the same row of monitoring branches; The permafrost zone heat flux prediction module predicts underground heat flux and hydrothermal data in the permafrost zone based on the impact model formed by the impact model construction module and the average plant growth changes collected by the on-site real-time collection and processing module.

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