An efficient and precise seeder

Abstract

The present invention relates to an efficient and precise seeder, which includes a bracket unit, a plurality of seeding units, an adjusting unit and a controller. The bracket unit includes a main bracket and a plurality of sub-brackets, and the plurality of sub-brackets are sequentially connected to the main bracket along the X-axis direction. Each seeding unit includes a seed leakage component and a soil turning and covering component arranged up and down. The seed leakage component is used to intermittently scatter seeds into the soil, and the soil turning and covering component is used to turn the soil before the seeds land and cover the seeds after the seeds land. The adjusting unit includes a first adjusting component, a second adjusting component and a third adjusting component. The first adjusting component is used to adjust the distance between two adjacent seeding units, the second adjusting component is used to adjust the seeding frequency of the seed leakage component, and the third adjusting component is used to adjust the height of the soil turning and covering component. The present invention can control the seeding row spacing, plant spacing and depth, improve the seeding efficiency and achieve precise seeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seeding, and in particular to an efficient and precise seeder. Background Art

[0002] In modern agriculture, the cultivation of leguminous crops has received increasing attention from the country. There are some problems in the precision control of traditional leguminous seeders, such as low single-channel seeding efficiency, uneven seeding depth, too large or too small plant spacing, etc. These problems will affect the yield and efficiency of leguminous crops. Summary of the Invention

[0003] For this reason, the present invention provides an efficient and precise seeder that can reasonably adjust the seeding row spacing, seeding plant spacing, and seeding depth according to the variety and growth requirements of legumes.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an efficient and precise seeder, including:

[0005] A bracket unit, the bracket unit includes a main bracket and a plurality of sub-brackets, and the plurality of sub-brackets are sequentially connected to the main bracket along the X-axis direction;

[0006] A plurality of seeding units, the plurality of seeding units are respectively connected to the plurality of sub-brackets, and each seeding unit includes a seed leakage component and a soil turning and covering component arranged up and down. The seed leakage component is used to intermittently scatter seeds into the soil, and the soil turning and covering component is used to turn the soil before the seeds land and cover the seeds with soil after the seeds land;

[0007] An adjusting unit, the adjusting unit is installed on the bracket unit, and the adjusting unit includes a first adjusting component, a second adjusting component, and a third adjusting component. The first adjusting component is used to adjust the distance between two adjacent seeding units along the X-axis direction to control the seeding row spacing, the second adjusting component is used to adjust the seeding frequency of the seed leakage component to control the seeding plant spacing, and the third adjusting component is used to adjust the height of the soil turning and covering component along the Y-axis direction to control the seeding depth;

[0008] A controller, the controller is controllably connected to the first adjusting component, the second adjusting component, and the third adjusting component.

[0009] Further, the first adjusting component includes a limiting plate and a first stepping motor. The limiting plate is perpendicular to the Z-axis direction and is movably connected to the main bracket along the Y-axis direction. The first stepping motor is installed on the main bracket and drives the limiting plate to move along the Y-axis direction through a lead screw nut assembly. The limiting plate converts its movement along the Y-axis direction into the approaching movement and the separating movement of the sub-bracket along the X-axis direction through an inclined surface structure.

[0010] Further, two symmetrically arranged inclined sliding grooves are provided on the limiting plate, the sub-bracket is connected with a positioning pin, and the positioning pin is slidably connected with the inclined sliding grooves.

[0011] Further, the seed leakage assembly includes a seed storage bin and a first seed leakage pipe. The seed storage bin is used for storing seeds, and the first seed leakage pipe is used for receiving the seeds falling from the seed storage bin.

[0012] The second adjustment assembly corresponds to the sowing unit one by one. The second adjustment assembly includes a dial, a servo motor, a contact plate, and a second seed leakage pipe. The dial is perpendicular to the Y-axis direction and is provided with a first seed leakage through hole at an eccentric position. The servo motor drives the dial to rotate around its central axis and makes the first seed leakage through hole pass through the lower end of the first seed leakage pipe. The contact plate is perpendicular to the Y-axis direction and is arranged below the dial. The contact plate is used for receiving and rolling contact with the seeds falling from the first seed leakage through hole. The contact plate is provided with a second seed leakage through hole, and the second seed leakage pipe is used for receiving the seeds falling from the second seed leakage through hole. The distance between the contact plate and the dial is less than the diameter of the seeds.

[0013] Further, each sowing unit includes a plurality of the seed leakage assemblies, and the plurality of seed leakage assemblies are respectively located above different circumferential positions of the dial, and the apertures of different seed leakage assemblies are different.

[0014] Further, the dial is provided with a plurality of the first seed leakage through holes, and the plurality of first seed leakage through holes are respectively located at different circumferential positions of the dial, and the apertures of the plurality of first seed leakage through holes are different.

[0015] Further, the contact plate is an arc-shaped flat plate concentric with the dial, and the outer convex arc-shaped side of the arc-shaped flat plate is provided with a baffle protruding above the arc-shaped flat plate.

[0016] Further, the soil turning and covering assembly includes a connecting plate, a plow head, and a covering plate. The connecting plate is perpendicular to the Y-axis direction and is provided with a third seed leakage through hole for receiving the seeds falling from the seed leakage assembly. The plow head is located on the positive Z-axis side of the third seed leakage through hole, and the covering plate is located on the negative Z-axis side of the third seed leakage through hole.

[0017] The third adjustment assembly corresponds to the sowing unit one by one. The third adjustment assembly includes a lifting rod and a second stepping motor. The lifting rod is erected, the connecting plate is connected to the lower end of the lifting rod, the lifting rod is slidably connected to the sub-bracket, and the second stepping motor drives the lifting rod to move along the Y-axis direction through a gear and rack assembly.

[0018] Further, the lower end of the plowshare is a tip and is bent toward the positive Z-axis side.

[0019] Further, the soil covering plate is a V-shaped plate. One of the V-shaped sides of the V-shaped plate is connected to the lower plate surface of the connecting plate. The inner angle of the V-shaped plate faces the positive Z-axis side, and the soil covering plate is provided with soil leakage through holes.

[0020] The above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0021] 1) For the high-efficiency and precise seeder of the present invention, by setting a plurality of seeding units, multi-channel seeding can be achieved. By setting the first adjustment component, the seeding row spacing can be controlled. By setting the second adjustment component, the seeding plant spacing can be controlled. By setting the third adjustment component, the seeding depth can be controlled. The present invention can improve the seeding efficiency and achieve precise seeding, so as to improve the growth quality and yield of crops and bring better economic benefits.

[0022] 2) For the high-efficiency and precise seeder of the present invention, the first adjustment component includes a limit plate and a first stepping motor. One first adjustment component can adjust the distance between three seeding units and can drive the seeding unit to move stably in translation.

[0023] 3) For the high-efficiency and precise seeder of the present invention, an inclined chute is arranged on the limit plate, and a positioning pin is connected to the sub-bracket. The structure is simple and the operation is stable.

[0024] 4) For the high-efficiency and precise seeder of the present invention, the second adjustment component includes a dial, a steering gear, a contact plate and a second seed leakage pipe, which can achieve intermittent seeding and can adjust the seeding frequency according to needs.

[0025] 5) For the high-efficiency and precise seeder of the present invention, each seeding unit includes a plurality of seed leakage components, which are suitable for seeds of different specifications to leak seeds.

[0026] 6) For the high-efficiency and precise seeder of the present invention, the dial is provided with a plurality of first seed leakage through holes, and the first seed leakage through holes are adapted to seeds of different sizes to pass through, or are suitable for different numbers of seeds to pass through, so as to control the size of seed leakage and the number of seeds leaked at one time.

[0027] 7) For the high-efficiency and precise seeder of the present invention, the contact plate is an arc-shaped flat plate, and the contact plate is connected with a baffle. The structure is compact and the seeds will not be thrown out from the second adjustment component.

[0028] 8) For the high-efficiency and precise seeder of the present invention, the third adjustment component includes a lifting rod and a second stepping motor, which drives the seeding unit to lift and lower stably.

[0029] 9) For the high-efficiency and precise seeder of the present invention, the lower end of the plowshare is a tip and is bent towards the advancing direction side, which is relatively easy to penetrate into the soil and convenient for turning the soil;

[0030] 10) For the high-efficiency and precise seeder of the present invention, the soil covering plate is a V-shaped plate, which can gather the soil on both sides to the middle so that the soil can cover the seeds. There are soil leakage through holes on the soil covering plate to reduce the soil covering resistance and prevent blockage of the connecting plate to a certain extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to make the content of the present invention easier to be clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below according to the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 It is the overall schematic diagram of the high-efficiency and precise seeder in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is the connection schematic diagram of the main bracket and the first adjustment component in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 It is the connection schematic diagram of the sub-bracket, the seed leakage component, the soil turning and covering component, the second adjustment component and the third adjustment component in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 It is the schematic diagram of the dial in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 It is the schematic diagram of the contact plate in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 It is the schematic diagram of the connecting plate in the present invention.

[0038] Description of the reference numerals in the drawings:

[0039] 1. Main bracket; 11. Horizontal slide rail; 12. Vertical slide rail;

[0040] 2. Sub-bracket; 21. Horizontal moving slider; 22. Positioning pin;

[0041] 3. Seed leakage component; 31. Seed storage bin; 32. First seed leakage pipe;

[0042] 4. Soil turning and covering component; 41. Connecting plate; 411. Third seed leakage through hole; 42. Plowshare; 43. Soil covering plate; 431. Soil leakage through hole;

[0043] 5. First adjustment component; 51. Limiting plate; 511. Inclined slide groove; 52. First stepping motor; 53. Vertical moving slider;

[0044] 6. Second adjustment component; 61. Dial; 611. First seed leakage through-hole; 62. Steering gear; 63. Contact plate; 631. Second seed leakage through-hole; 64. Second seed leakage pipe; 65. Baffle edge;

[0045] 7. Third adjustment component; 71. Lifting rod; 72. Second stepping motor; 73. Gear; 74. Rack; 75. Vertical fixing cylinder. Detailed implementation manners

[0046] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and be able to implement it, but the exemplified embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0047] See Figures 1 to 6 As shown, an embodiment of the high-efficiency and accurate seeder provided by the present invention.

[0048] The above-mentioned high-efficiency and accurate seeder includes:

[0049] A bracket unit, the above-mentioned bracket unit includes a main bracket 1 and a plurality of sub-brackets 2, and the above-mentioned plurality of sub-brackets 2 are sequentially connected to the above-mentioned main bracket 1 along the X-axis direction;

[0050] A plurality of seeding units, the above-mentioned plurality of seeding units are respectively connected to the above-mentioned plurality of sub-brackets 2, and each of the above-mentioned seeding units includes a seed leakage component 3 and a soil turning and covering component 4 arranged up and down. The above-mentioned seed leakage component 3 is used to intermittently scatter seeds into the soil, and the above-mentioned soil turning and covering component 4 is used to turn the soil before the seeds land and cover the seeds after the seeds land;

[0051] An adjustment unit, the above-mentioned adjustment unit is installed on the above-mentioned bracket unit, and the above-mentioned adjustment unit includes a first adjustment component 5, a second adjustment component 6 and a third adjustment component 7. The above-mentioned first adjustment component 5 is used to adjust the distance between two adjacent above-mentioned seeding units along the X-axis direction to control the seeding row spacing, the above-mentioned second adjustment component 6 is used to adjust the seeding frequency of the above-mentioned seed leakage component 3 to control the seeding plant spacing, and the above-mentioned third adjustment component 7 is used to adjust the height of the above-mentioned soil turning and covering component 4 along the Y-axis direction to control the seeding depth;

[0052] A controller, the above-mentioned controller is controlled and connected to the above-mentioned first adjustment component 5, the above-mentioned second adjustment component 6 and the above-mentioned third adjustment component 7.

[0053] The first adjustment component 5 drives at least one of the above-mentioned seeding units to move in the X-axis direction, thereby changing the distance between adjacent seeding units in the X-axis direction, and thus the seeding row spacing can be controlled. The second adjustment component 6 controls the seeding frequency, that is, the time interval between two adjacent seedings, and thus the seeding plant spacing can be controlled. The third adjustment component 7 drives the soil-turning and soil-covering component 4 to lift and lower, that is, the depth at which the soil-turning and soil-covering component 4 enters the soil, and thus the seeding depth can be controlled.

[0054] Before seeding, the seeds are stored in the seed leakage component 3. The distance between adjacent seeding units is adjusted to the required row spacing through the first adjustment component 5, the seed leakage component 3 is adjusted to the required frequency through the second adjustment component 6, and the soil-turning and soil-covering component 4 is adjusted to the required height through the third adjustment component 7. Then, the walking device drives the above-mentioned high-efficiency and precise seeder to move in the positive Z-axis direction to start seeding.

[0055] By setting multiple seeding units, multi-channel seeding can be achieved. By setting the first adjustment component 5, the seeding row spacing can be controlled. By setting the second adjustment component 6, the seeding plant spacing can be controlled. By setting the third adjustment component 7, the seeding depth can be controlled. The present invention can improve the seeding efficiency and achieve precise seeding, so as to improve the growth quality and yield of crops and bring better economic benefits to farmers.

[0056] In this embodiment, the first adjustment component 5 includes a limit plate 51 and a first stepping motor 52. The limit plate 51 is perpendicular to the Z-axis direction and is movably connected to the total support 1 along the Y-axis direction. The first stepping motor 52 is installed on the total support 1 and drives the limit plate 51 to move along the Y-axis direction through a lead screw-nut assembly. The limit plate 51 converts its movement along the Y-axis direction into the approaching movement and the separating movement of the sub-support 2 along the X-axis direction through an inclined plane structure.

[0057] Two horizontal slide rails 11 are connected to the main support 1. The two horizontal slide rails 11 are arranged in sequence along the Y-axis direction and each extends along the X-axis direction. Two horizontal moving sliders 21 are connected to the sub-support 2. The two horizontal moving sliders 21 are arranged in sequence along the Y-axis direction. The two horizontal moving sliders 21 are respectively slidably connected to the two horizontal slide rails 11 to ensure the stability of the sub-support 2 during the process of changing the distance. Two vertical slide rails 12 are connected to the main support 1. The two vertical slide rails 12 are arranged in sequence along the X-axis direction and are each erected. The vertical slide rails 12 serve as displacement limits for the sub-support 2 to move along the X-axis direction while guiding and limiting the lifting of the limiting plate 51. Two vertical moving sliders 53 are connected to the limiting plate 51. The two vertical moving sliders 53 are arranged in sequence along the X-axis direction. The two vertical moving sliders 53 are respectively slidably connected to the two vertical slide rails 12. In this embodiment, three sub-supports 2 and three sowing units are included. The first stepping motor 52 serves as the power source. By controlling the rotation of the lead screw, the limiting plate 51 is driven to move, driving the two sub-supports 2 on both sides to move relatively or away from each other, and the middle sub-support 2 remains stationary. When the two sub-supports 2 on both sides move relatively, the sowing row spacing decreases. When the two sub-supports 2 on both sides move away from each other, the sowing row spacing increases.

[0058] The distance between the three sowing units can be adjusted by a first adjusting component 5, and the sowing units can be driven to move stably in translation.

[0059] In this embodiment, two inclined sliding grooves 511 arranged symmetrically are provided on the above-mentioned limiting plate 51. The above-mentioned sub-support 2 is connected with a positioning pin 22. The above-mentioned positioning pin 22 is slidably connected to the above-mentioned inclined sliding groove 511.

[0060] The inclined sliding groove 511 has two opposite groove walls. The two groove walls are parallel to each other, parallel to the Z-axis direction, and form an acute or obtuse angle with both the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. In this embodiment, the distance between the upper ends of the two inclined sliding grooves 511 is smaller than the distance between the lower ends of the two inclined sliding grooves 511. That is to say, when the limiting plate 51 moves downward, the distance between two adjacent sub-supports 2 increases, and the sowing row spacing increases. When the limiting plate 51 moves upward, the distance between two adjacent sub-supports 2 decreases, and the sowing row spacing decreases.

[0061] The inclined sliding groove 511 is provided on the limiting plate 51, and the positioning pin 22 is connected to the sub-support 2. The structure is simple and the operation is stable.

[0062] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned seed leakage component 3 includes a seed storage bin 31 and a first seed leakage pipe 32. The above-mentioned seed storage bin 31 is used for storing seeds, and the above-mentioned first seed leakage pipe 32 is used for receiving the seeds falling from the above-mentioned seed storage bin 31;

[0063] The above-mentioned second adjustment component 6 corresponds to the above-mentioned seeding unit one by one. The second adjustment component 6 includes a dial 61, a servo 62, a contact plate 63, and a second seed leakage pipe 64. The dial 61 is perpendicular to the Y-axis direction and is provided with a first seed leakage through hole 611 at an eccentric position. The servo 62 drives the dial 61 to rotate around its central axis and makes the first seed leakage through hole 611 pass through the lower end of the first seed leakage pipe 32. The contact plate 63 is perpendicular to the Y-axis direction. The contact plate 63 is arranged below the dial 61. The contact plate 63 is used to receive and roll-contact the seeds falling from the first seed leakage through hole 611. The contact plate 63 is provided with a second seed leakage through hole 631. The second seed leakage pipe 64 is used to receive the seeds falling from the second seed leakage through hole 631. The distance between the contact plate and the dial is less than the diameter of the seeds.

[0064] The seed storage bin 31 is designed in a funnel shape. On the one hand, it can expand the seed capacity and facilitate seed storage. On the other hand, by reducing the falling area of the seeds, the falling speed of the seeds is further reduced, thereby reducing the probability of seed jamming. The first seed leakage pipe 32 is used to guide the seeds to fall downward. The micro servo 62 is used as the power source to ensure that the seed separation process can proceed stably and avoid the occurrence of seed jamming. The rotation speed of the dial 61 should not be too fast. After actual measurement, it is appropriate to control the rotation speed of the dial 61 within 10 - 30 r / min, that is, the output shaft speed of the servo 62 should be controlled within 30 - 90 r / min. The actual selection of the rotation speed depends on the size of the seeds. The larger the seeds, the faster the rotation speed can be appropriately. After consulting the data, the particle size data of some leguminous crops are obtained. The average particle size of lentils is 2 - 3 mm, and the average particle size of peas is 3 - 5 mm. Therefore, the distance between the dial 61 and the contact plate 63 is set to about 22.5 mm.

[0065] Seeds enter the first seed leakage pipe 32 from the seed storage bin 31. The dial 61 swings back and forth. When the first seed leakage through hole 611 does not reach the lower part of the first seed leakage pipe 32, the seeds cannot fall from the first seed leakage pipe 32. When the first seed leakage through hole 611 reaches the lower part of the first seed leakage pipe 32, the seeds in the first seed leakage pipe 32 fall into the first seed leakage through hole 611 and roll-contact the contact plate 63. When the dial 61 continues to swing, it will drive the seeds to roll along the contact plate 63 to the position of the second seed leakage through hole 631 on the contact plate 63 and fall into the second seed leakage through hole 631, and then fall out through the second seed leakage pipe 64.

[0066] The seed leakage component 3 and the second adjustment component 6 cooperate with each other to achieve intermittent seeding and can adjust the seeding frequency as needed (by changing the rotation speed of the servo).

[0067] In this embodiment, each of the above-mentioned seeding units includes a plurality of the above-mentioned seed leakage components 3. The plurality of the above-mentioned seed leakage components 3 are respectively located above different circumferential positions of the dial 61, and the apertures of different above-mentioned seed leakage components 3 are different.

[0068] The inner hole size of the first seed leakage pipe 32 is generally slightly larger than the particle size of the seeds, which can prevent the seeds from getting stuck in the first seed leakage pipe. In order to enable this seeder to sow seeds of multiple sizes, multiple seed leakage components are provided. Different seed leakage components are selected according to the different sizes of the seeds. Each first seed leakage through hole 611 on the above-mentioned dial 61 will pass under each first seed leakage pipe 32.

[0069] The sowing unit includes multiple seed leakage components 3, which can be respectively applicable to the seed leakage of seeds with different particle sizes.

[0070] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned dial 61 is provided with multiple above-mentioned first seed leakage through holes 611. The multiple above-mentioned first seed leakage through holes 611 are respectively located at different circumferential positions of the above-mentioned dial 61, and the apertures of the multiple above-mentioned first seed leakage through holes 611 are different.

[0071] When the seeds are larger, a seed leakage component with a larger aperture and a first seed leakage through hole 611 with a larger aperture are selected to achieve seed leakage. When the seeds are smaller, a seed leakage component with a smaller aperture and a first seed leakage through hole 611 with a smaller aperture can be selected to achieve seed leakage, or a seed leakage component with a smaller aperture and a first seed leakage through hole 611 with a larger aperture can also be selected to achieve seed leakage. Specifically, when the size of the first seed leakage through hole 611 is about the same as the size of the first seed leakage pipe 32, at this time, when the first seed leakage through hole 611 swings to the lower end of the first seed leakage pipe 32, one seed falls into the first seed leakage through hole 611 each time. The first seed leakage through hole 611 drives one seed to reach the second seed leakage pipe 64 at a time, realizing one-seed-at-a-time seed leakage. If the size of the first seed leakage through hole 611 is larger than the size of the first seed leakage pipe 32 (such as being multiplied), at this time, multiple seeds in the first seed leakage pipe 32 can fall into the first seed leakage through hole 611, and the first seed leakage through hole 611 drives multiple seeds to reach the second seed leakage pipe 64 at a time, realizing multiple-seeds-at-a-time seed leakage. In this embodiment, the above-mentioned dial 61 is provided with three first seed leakage through holes 611, and the three first seed leakage through holes 611 are spaced 120° along the circumferential direction, which can be adjusted for seeds with different particle sizes and can also adjust the number of seeds leaked each time according to the seed planting requirements (generally 3-4 seeds).

[0072] The dial 61 is provided with multiple first seed leakage through holes 611, and the first seed leakage through holes 611 are adapted to allow seeds of different sizes to pass through, or are applicable to allow different numbers of seeds to pass through, so as to control the size of seed leakage and the number of seeds leaked at a time.

[0073] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned contact plate 63 is an arc-shaped flat plate concentric with the above-mentioned dial 61, and the outer convex arc-shaped side of the above-mentioned arc-shaped flat plate is provided with a baffle 65 protruding above the above-mentioned arc-shaped flat plate.

[0074] When the dial 61 rotates about its central axis, the first seed leakage through-hole 611 also rotates about the central axis of the dial 61. Therefore, the seeds roll along an arc-shaped trajectory. Thus, it is sufficient to set the contact plate 63 as an arc. In this embodiment, each seeding unit includes two seed leakage components 3, and the two seed leakage components 3 are spaced 120° apart along the circumference. Three first seed leakage through-holes 611 can be simultaneously located below the two first seed leakage pipes 32. In order to ensure that the seeds falling from the first seed leakage pipe 32 are received by the contact plate, the central angle of the above-mentioned arc-shaped flat plate is 140°. If the seeds are too small, they will pass through the first seed leakage through-hole and directly reach between the dial 61 and the contact plate 63. At this time, the seeds will move centrifugally under the action of centrifugal force and be blocked by the baffle 65 to prevent the seeds from being thrown out.

[0075] The arc-shaped contact plate 63 is an arc-shaped flat plate. The contact plate 63 is connected to the baffle 65, with a compact structure and will not cause the seeds to be thrown out from the second adjustment component 6.

[0076] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned soil turning and covering component 4 includes a connecting plate 41, a plow head 42 and a covering plate 43. The above-mentioned connecting plate 41 is perpendicular to the Y-axis direction and is provided with a third seed leakage through-hole 411. The above-mentioned third seed leakage through-hole 411 is used to receive the seeds falling from the above-mentioned seed leakage component 3. The above-mentioned plow head 42 is located on the positive Z-axis side of the above-mentioned third seed leakage through-hole 411, and the above-mentioned covering plate 43 is located on the negative Z-axis side of the above-mentioned third seed leakage through-hole 411;

[0077] The above-mentioned third adjustment component 7 corresponds to the above-mentioned seeding unit one by one. The above-mentioned third adjustment component 7 includes a lifting rod 71 and a second stepping motor 72. The above-mentioned lifting rod 71 is erected. The above-mentioned connecting plate 41 is connected to the lower end of the above-mentioned lifting rod 71. The above-mentioned lifting rod 71 is connected to the above-mentioned sub-bracket 2 in a liftable manner. The above-mentioned second stepping motor 72 drives the above-mentioned lifting rod 71 to move along the Y-axis direction through a gear and rack assembly.

[0078] Integrate the covering plate 43 behind the plow head 42 so that the covering depth is the same as that of the plow head, ensuring that the surface width of the trench is the same. During seeding, the seeder moves in the positive Z-axis direction. The plow head 42 turns the soil in the front, and the covering plate 43 gathers the soil in the back. The seeds falling out from the third seed leakage through-hole 411 are exactly located between the plow head 42 and the covering plate 43 and fall into the turned soil, and are quickly covered by the soil gathered by the covering plate.

[0079] The second stepping motor 72 serves as the power source, with a gear 73 linked to it. The rotation of the gear 73 drives the rotation of a rack 74 fixed on the lifting rod 71, which is then converted into a linear motion to drive the plowshare 42 and the soil covering plate 43 to move in the vertical direction in space. To prevent the plowshare 42 from tilting due to resistance, resulting in the gear 73 and the rack 74 from disengaging, a vertically fixed cylinder 75 is designed to avoid problems such as wear and depth adjustment failure caused by tooth disengagement, and the connection position between the vertically fixed cylinder 75 and the plowshare 42 can also be adjusted to further deepen the furrow depth. Different positions of holes are opened in the upper part of the lifting rod 71, and through the positioning connection with the rack 74, the adjustment of multiple plowing depths can be satisfied. Specifically, the module of the gear 73 is selected as 1 mm, and the gear 73 and the rack 74 increase the stroke stability through a linear meshing method, converting the torque of the second stepping motor into a linear lift output.

[0080] By setting the lifting rod 71 and the second stepping motor 72, the sowing unit is driven to lift and lower stably.

[0081] In this embodiment, the lower end of the above-mentioned plowshare 42 is a tip and is bent towards the positive Z-axis side.

[0082] The above-mentioned plowshare 42 is similar to the shape of a sharp knife. Through finite element analysis, it is ensured that the shape of the furrow meets the growth requirements of crops, and at the same time, the groove shape is as similar as possible at different depths.

[0083] The lower end of the plowshare 42 is a tip and is bent towards the traveling direction side, making it easier to penetrate the soil and facilitating soil turning.

[0084] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned soil covering plate 43 is a V-shaped plate. One of the V-shaped sides of the above-mentioned V-shaped plate is connected to the lower plate surface of the above-mentioned connecting plate 41. The inner angle of the above-mentioned V-shaped plate faces the positive Z-axis side, and the soil covering plate 43 is provided with soil leakage through holes 431.

[0085] The front-back cross layout of the soil covering plate 43 can gather the floating soil on both sides. The soil covering plate 43 is a V-shaped plate, which can gather the soil on both sides to the middle, enabling the soil to cover the seeds.

[0086] In this embodiment, the controller selects STM32F103C8T6 as the main control chip, uses the serial port USART2 to connect to the motor driver board to control the output speed and rotation angle of the stepping motor; through 3 PWM analog output interfaces on the main control board, the servo motor for the dial to leak seeds is controlled. The stepping motor has a large starting torque, and the output torque is constant during uniform motion. The fine step angle, combined with the gear, can achieve precise step length control in the linear direction. The servo motor has a maximum torque output of 2.8 kg / cm. After mass balancing, the center of gravity is concentrated on the servo disc, avoiding problems such as tooth slipping and loosening caused by tipping.

[0087] The stepper motor driver board based on the A4988 motor is fixed on the stepper motor base plate through openings, screws and a cover plate. By designing a PID control system, according to the mathematical model and parameter manual of the stepper motor, it controls the movement of the motor to a specified position, has good dynamic response, simple structure and strong reliability.

[0088] Using the position loop as the controlled quantity and the position encoder as the feedback channel, it collects the specified rotor position of the stepper motor. The system compares the actual number of steps with the target number of steps and calculates the difference, which is input into the PID controller. The controller calculates and corrects to obtain the desired output power and speed, and finally the data is transmitted down to the stepper motor for execution. This process is repeated until the target runs to the specified position.

[0089] Combined with the low-power driver A4988 and based on the stm32f1 series processor, it reads the user operation instructions from the serial port and converts them into the actual movement of the motor mechanism. When the motor is affected by external interference and causes virtual positions, the motors on both sides compare through the processor information, and the misaligned motor actively compensates for the virtual positions.

[0090] Obviously, the above embodiments are only examples for clear illustration and are not limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency and precision seeder, characterized in that: include: A bracket unit, the bracket unit comprising a main bracket and a plurality of sub-brackets, the plurality of sub-brackets being sequentially connected to the main bracket along an X-axis direction; A plurality of sowing units, wherein the plurality of sowing units are respectively connected to the plurality of sub-supports, each of the sowing units comprises a seed leaking component and a soil turning and covering component arranged up and down, wherein the seed leaking component is used to intermittently sow seeds into the soil, and the soil turning and covering component is used to turn the soil before the seeds fall to the ground and to cover the seeds with soil after the seeds fall to the ground; An adjusting unit, the adjusting unit is mounted on the bracket unit, the adjusting unit comprises a first adjusting component, a second adjusting component and a third adjusting component, the first adjusting component is used to adjust the distance between two adjacent sowing units along the X-axis direction to control the sowing row spacing, the second adjusting component is used to adjust the sowing frequency of the seed leakage component to control the sowing plant spacing, and the third adjusting component is used to adjust the height of the soil turning and covering component along the Y-axis direction to control the sowing depth; A controller, the controller controlling the connection between the first regulating component, the second regulating component and the third regulating component; The seed leakage component includes a seed storage bin and a first seed leakage pipe, wherein the seed storage bin is used to store seeds, and the first seed leakage pipe is used to receive seeds dropped from the seed storage bin; The second adjustment component corresponds to the sowing unit one by one, and the second adjustment component includes a dial, a steering gear, a contact plate and a second seed leakage pipe. The dial is perpendicular to the Y-axis direction and is provided with a plurality of first seed leakage through holes located at an eccentric position. The plurality of first seed leakage through holes are respectively located at different circumferential positions of the dial, and the apertures of the plurality of first seed leakage through holes are different. The steering gear drives the dial to rotate around its central axis and makes the first seed leakage through hole pass through the lower end of the first seed leakage pipe. The contact plate is perpendicular to the Y-axis direction and is provided below the dial. The contact plate is used to receive and roll contact the seeds dropped from the first seed leakage through hole. The contact plate is provided with a second seed leakage through hole. The second seed leakage pipe is used to receive the seeds dropped from the second seed leakage through hole. The distance between the contact plate and the dial is less than the diameter of the seed. Each of the sowing units comprises a plurality of seed leakage components, and the plurality of seed leakage components are respectively located above different circumferential positions of the dial, and different seed leakage components have different calibers; When the size of the first seed leakage hole is similar to that of the first seed leakage pipe, at this time, when the first seed leakage hole swings to the lower end of the first seed leakage pipe, each time a seed falls into the first seed leakage hole, the first seed leakage hole drives a seed to the second seed leakage pipe at a time, so that one seed is leaked at a time; If the size of the first seed leakage hole is multiple of the size of the first seed leakage pipe, then multiple seeds in the first seed leakage pipe can fall into the first seed leakage hole, and the first seed leakage hole drives multiple seeds to the second seed leakage pipe at one time, so that multiple seeds are leaked at one time; The seeds enter the first seed leakage pipe from the seed storage bin, and the dial swings back and forth. When the first seed leakage hole reaches the bottom of the first seed leakage pipe, the seeds in the first seed leakage pipe fall into the first seed leakage hole and roll in contact with the contact plate. When the dial continues to swing, it drives the seeds to roll along the contact plate to the position of the second seed leakage hole on the contact plate, and fall into the second seed leakage hole, and then fall out through the second seed leakage pipe.

2. The high-efficiency and precision seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first adjustment component includes a limit plate and a first stepper motor. The limit plate is perpendicular to the Z-axis direction and movably connected to the main bracket along the Y-axis direction. The first stepper motor is installed on the main bracket and drives the limit plate to move along the Y-axis direction through a screw nut assembly. The limit plate converts its own movement along the Y-axis direction into opposite movement and opposite movement of the sub-bracket along the X-axis direction through an inclined structure.

3. The high-efficiency and precision seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limit plate is provided with two symmetrically arranged inclined sliding grooves, the sub-bracket is connected with a positioning pin, and the positioning pin is slidably connected to the inclined sliding grooves.

4. The high-efficiency and precision seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact plate is an arc-shaped flat plate arranged concentrically with the dial, and the outer convex arc-shaped side edge of the arc-shaped flat plate is provided with a retaining edge protruding from the upper part of the arc-shaped flat plate.

5. The high-efficiency and precision seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil turning and covering assembly comprises a connecting plate, a plowshare and a covering plate, wherein the connecting plate is perpendicular to the Y-axis direction and is provided with a third seed leakage through hole, wherein the third seed leakage through hole is used to receive seeds dropped from the seed leakage assembly, the plowshare is located on the positive direction side of the third seed leakage through hole in the Z-axis, and the covering plate is located on the negative direction side of the third seed leakage through hole in the Z-axis; The third adjustment component corresponds to the sowing unit one by one, and includes a lifting rod and a second stepper motor. The lifting rod is vertically arranged, the connecting plate is connected to the lower end of the lifting rod, the lifting rod is liftably connected to the sub-bracket, and the second stepper motor drives the lifting rod to move along the Y-axis direction through a gear rack assembly.

6. The high-efficiency and precision seeder according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lower end of the plowshare is a pointed end and is bent toward the positive direction of the Z axis.

7. The high-efficiency and precision seeder according to claim 5, characterized in that: The soil covering plate is a V-shaped plate, one of the V-shaped sides of the V-shaped plate is connected to the lower plate surface of the connecting plate, the inner corner of the V-shaped plate faces the positive direction of the Z axis, and the soil covering plate is provided with a soil leakage through hole.

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