Method for shortening breeding cycle of early maturing potato in low altitude and high temperature area

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of potato breeding, and particularly relates to a method for shortening the breeding cycle of early-maturing potatoes in low-altitude high-temperature areas, which comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a breeding greenhouse; S2, sowing parent potatoes into the breeding greenhouse in the spring of the first year; S3, field management; S4, harvesting the seed potatoes in the autumn of the first year; S5, sowing the seed potatoes into a common greenhouse in the spring of the second year, and harvesting the seed potatoes F1 in summer; S6, sowing the seed potatoes F1 to further generations in summer of the second year, and obtaining T1 generation potatoes in autumn; S7, sowing the T1 generation potatoes into a field in the spring of the third year, and harvesting T2 generation potatoes in summer; S8, sowing the T2 generation potatoes into a field to further generations in summer of the third year, and obtaining T3 generation potatoes in autumn; and S9-S11, applying for registration of new potato varieties through testing. In the application, the problems of short flowering period and low seed setting rate in the process of potato breeding in low-altitude high-temperature areas are solved, and the breeding period of early-maturing potatoes is shortened from 10 years to 7 years.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of potato breeding, and particularly relates to a method for shortening the breeding period of early-maturing potatoes in low-altitude high-temperature areas. BACKGROUND

[0002] Early-maturing potatoes are generally matured and harvested in about three months, and early-maturing varieties with high yield and strong disease resistance are required in production. However, the current early-maturing potato varieties are few and have poor disease resistance, which seriously restricts the development of the early-maturing potato planting industry, and new early-maturing potato varieties suitable for local planting are urgently needed.

[0003] At present, hybrid breeding technology is the main way to breed new early-maturing potato varieties. The breeding process in early-maturing potato planting areas generally has the problems of few flowers, short flowering period, low seed setting rate, and the seed setting rate is generally less than 5%. Therefore, it is necessary to build a breeding base in a high-altitude cool one-season area more than 1500m away, which consumes a large amount of manpower and material resources. The potatoes need to be sown, cultivated, hybridized, and harvested, and then sown, cultivated, investigated, tested, and screened every year to obtain sufficient experimental data to verify the stability of the potato traits. The breeding cycle is usually 10 years, which seriously restricts the breeding process of new early-maturing potato varieties, resulting in a lag in the breeding of new varieties. When the new varieties are ready for planting, they cannot meet the market demand. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a method for shortening the breeding period of early-maturing potatoes in low-altitude high-temperature areas, which simulates the planting conditions in high-altitude areas by building a breeding greenhouse in low-altitude areas, so that researchers do not need to go to high-altitude areas for hybridization, and the hybridization seed setting rate can be increased from 5% to 51.7%. The breeding cost and time cost between low-altitude areas and high-altitude areas are greatly reduced. At the same time, the frost-free period in low-altitude high-temperature areas is long, and early-maturing potatoes can be sown and harvested twice a year. Combined with the greenhouse and germination treatment, the breeding period can be shortened by 3 years, and the breeding period of early-maturing potatoes can be shortened from 10 years to 7 years. Early-maturing potato new varieties suitable for local planting can be bred as soon as possible, and the development of the early-maturing potato industry can be promoted.

[0005] The specific technical scheme adopted by the present application is:

[0006] A method for shortening the breeding period of early-maturing potatoes in low-altitude high-temperature areas, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, building a breeding greenhouse and laying planting containers containing culture medium in the breeding greenhouse;

[0008] S2, in the first year, the potato parents are treated with dark room germination at 15-20℃, and then the treated potatoes are planted in the planting container;

[0009] S3, field management, the humidity of the culture medium is kept at 60-80%, the air humidity is kept above 85%, the temperature in the breeding greenhouse is kept at 15-25℃, the daily light time is 12-15h, and the light supplement lamp is used for light supplement when the natural light time is insufficient, 1-1.5kg of compound fertilizer and 25-35kg of mature sheep manure are applied per cubic meter of culture medium;

[0010] S4, spray growth regulator at the present budding stage, each liter of growth regulator contains gibberellin 75-85mg and brassinolide 90-100μL; spray fruit protection agent after pollination, each liter of fruit protection agent contains sodium complex nitrophenol 12-20mg and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 25-40mg, the hybrid fruits and the true seeds are harvested in the first year autumn;

[0011] S5, the true seeds are treated with germination in the second year spring, and then each seed is planted in the ordinary greenhouse with insect-proof netting, one true seed potato F1 is harvested in each nutrient pot in the same year summer;

[0012] S6, the true seed potato F1 is treated with germination in the second year summer, and then the treated true seed potato F1 is planted in the ordinary greenhouse with insect-proof netting, and the T1 generation potato is harvested and selected in the same year autumn, the tubers of the selected single plant are packaged separately and marked as T1 generation potato;

[0013] S7, the T1 generation potato is treated with germination in the third year spring, and then the treated T1 generation potato is planted in the field, 4-5 plants become a strain nursery, and the T2 generation potato is harvested and selected in the same year summer, the selected tubers are collected and marked as T2 generation potato, and the T2 generation potato is treated with stem tip detoxification;

[0014] S8, the T2 generation potato treated with stem tip detoxification is treated with germination in the third year summer, and then it is planted in the field for generation, and the T3 generation potato is harvested and selected in the same year autumn, and the selected tubers are collected and marked as T3 generation potato;

[0015] S9, the T3 generation potato is compared with the local main variety in the fourth year spring;

[0016] S10, if the T3 generation potato is better than the local main variety, the T3 generation potato is continuously identified for 2 years in the fifth and sixth years;

[0017] S11, the new potato strain tested by S10 is applied for registration as a new variety in the seventh year.

[0018] The germination treatment is to soak the seedling seeds with 10-12 ppm gibberellin for 30-40 minutes, and then place them in a temperature changing incubator with humidity of 85-90% and temperature of 34-36 ℃ for 48 hours, and temperature of 15-18 ℃ for 48 hours.

[0019] The culture medium comprises 4-6 parts of field soil and 1-2 parts of vermiculite by volume fraction.

[0020] The breeding greenhouse comprises an overground cold shed, a support frame and an induction control system. The overground cold shed is provided with an air inlet fan, an air outlet fan, a light supplementing lamp and an irrigation device. The induction control system comprises a controller and temperature, light and humidity sensors connected to the controller. The controller is also connected to the air inlet fan, the air outlet fan, the light supplementing lamp and the irrigation device.

[0021] The air outlet of the air inlet fan and the air inlet of the air outlet fan are located at two ends of the overground cold shed. The air outlet of the air inlet fan is located at the bottom of the overground cold shed, and the air inlet of the air outlet fan is fixed to the top of the overground cold shed by means of the support frame.

[0022] The use method of the air inlet fan and the air outlet fan comprises the following steps:

[0023] I. Turn on the air outlet fan to exhaust the air in the overground cold shed until the air pressure in the overground cold shed is 80-90 kPa;

[0024] II. Turn on the air inlet fan. The air inlet fan and the air outlet fan work together, and the air blowing and air sucking amounts of the air inlet fan and the air outlet fan are the same. The air pressure in the overground cold shed forms a dynamic balance and stabilizes to 80-90 kPa.

[0025] The air inlet fan is provided with a constant temperature system at the output end. The constant temperature system comprises an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe. The air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are connected in parallel with a natural air pipe, a heating pipe and a cooling pipe. The natural air pipe is provided with a first stop valve. The heating pipe is provided with a heater and a second stop valve. The cooling pipe is provided with a cooler and a third stop valve. The temperature sensor is located outside the overground cold shed.

[0026] The control method of the constant temperature system comprises the following steps:

[0027] A. The controller determines the outdoor temperature through the outdoor temperature sensor. When the outdoor temperature is 15-25 ℃, the controller controls the first stop valve to open and the second and third stop valves to close. The outdoor air directly enters the breeding greenhouse through the natural air pipe for ventilation.

[0028] B. When the outdoor temperature is lower than 15 ℃, the controller controls the second stop valve to open and the first and third stop valves to close. The heater is started. After the outdoor air is heated to 15-25 ℃, it enters the breeding greenhouse for ventilation.

[0029] C. When the outdoor temperature is higher than 25 DEG C, the controller controls the third stop valve to open, the first stop valve and the second stop valve to close, and the cooler to start, and the outdoor air is cooled to 15-25 DEG C and then enters the breeding greenhouse to ventilate.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0031] 1. In the present application, the breeding greenhouse is built in a low-altitude area to simulate the planting conditions in a high-altitude area, so that the hybridization rate can be increased from 5% to 51.7% without the need for researchers to go to a high-altitude area for hybridization, which greatly shortens the breeding cost and the time cost for turnover between low-altitude and high-altitude areas.

[0032] In addition, although the high-altitude one-season area can increase the setting rate of potatoes, the climate in the high-altitude one-season area is too cold, and only one season of potatoes can be planted and harvested in a year, which leads to a long breeding cycle of potatoes, thereby prolonging the cycle of cultivating new potato varieties. In addition, the potato varieties cultivated in high-altitude areas are mostly not fully adapted to the high-temperature climate conditions of low-altitude planting areas. In the present application, the breeding greenhouse is built in a low-altitude area, which can realize the stability of temperature, so that the potato growth process is always in a suitable temperature, and the low-altitude spring and autumn two-season two-harvesting generation selection can break the dormancy of potato seedlings by seed treatment, thereby shortening the breeding cycle of potatoes. The breeding period of early-maturing potatoes is shortened from 10 years in the past to 7 years now, and the research and development speed of new early-maturing potato varieties is improved.

[0033] 2. In order to simulate the low-pressure environment in the high-altitude area, the breeding greenhouse in the present application adopts the mode that the air inlet fan and the air outlet fan work together to realize the low-pressure environment. First, the air outlet fan is used to draw part of the air in the breeding greenhouse to form a low-pressure environment, and then the air inlet fan and the air outlet fan are started at the same time to realize the balance of air inlet and outlet, so that the breeding greenhouse is in a stable 80-90kPa low-pressure environment. In addition, the circulation of air inlet and outlet also ensures the air circulation in the breeding greenhouse, and the temperature is controlled at 15-25 DEG C, which is beneficial to the growth of potato plants and hybridization fruit setting.

[0034] 3. After the potato is cultivated to T1 generation potato, the T1 generation potato has a certain resistance to the external environment, so it does not need to be planted in the breeding greenhouse any more. The T1 generation potato can be sown in the field for subsequent breeding culture. At this time, the space in the breeding greenhouse is idle, and the next round of hybrid breeding of potatoes can be carried out, so that the total time consumed for potato breeding is greatly shortened. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 The structure of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0036] Figure 2 a structure diagram of a constant temperature system;

[0037] In the drawings, 1 is a ground cold shed, 2 is a support frame body, 3 is an air inlet fan, 4 is an air outlet fan, 5 is a light supplement lamp, 6 is an irrigation device, 7 is a controller, 8 is a temperature sensor, 9 is a humidity sensor, 10 is an air inlet pipe, 11 is an air outlet pipe, 12 is a natural wind pipe, 13 is a heating pipe, 14 is a cooling pipe, 15 is a first stop valve, 16 is a heater, 17 is a second stop valve, 18 is a cooler, 19 is a third stop valve, and 20 is a light sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in combination with the embodiments of the present application. I. Embodiments

[0040] A method for shortening the breeding cycle of early-maturing potatoes in low-altitude high-temperature regions, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S1, a breeding greenhouse is built, and planting pots containing culture medium are laid in the breeding greenhouse, the planting pots have a diameter of 35-40 cm and a depth of 35-40 cm, and the placing density is 1000-1200 plants per mu;

[0042] S2, in the first spring, the parent potato is subjected to germination in a dark room at 15-20℃, and then the germinated potato is whole-planted in the flower pots containing the prepared substrate in the breeding greenhouse from April 1 to April 10, the substrate is prepared by mixing garden soil and vermiculite at a ratio of 4:1;

[0043] S3, field management, the humidity of the culture medium is kept at 60-80%, the air humidity is kept above 85%, the temperature in the breeding greenhouse during the flowering period is kept at 15-25℃, the daily light time is 12-15h, the light supplement lamp 5 is used for light supplement when the natural light time is insufficient, 20-10-10 compound fertilizer 1-1.5kg and decomposed sheep manure 25-35kg are added per cubic meter of culture medium;

[0044] S4, a growth regulator is sprayed at the budding stage to keep flowers, the growth regulator includes gibberellin 80mg / L and brassinolide 100μl / L, so that the flower making rate reaches 98%; a fruit keeping agent is sprayed after pollination, the fruit keeping agent includes 15mg / L sodium nitrophenol and 30mg / L 2,4-D, hybrid fruits and true seeds are harvested in the first autumn;

[0045] S5, the seedlings are treated for germination on February 15-20 in the second spring, and then the seedlings are sown in the nutrient pots of the common greenhouse with 60-mesh insect-proof nets, the nutrient pots are 10-15 cm in diameter and 10-15 cm in depth, the nutrient pots are filled with culture medium, and one seedling tuber F1 is harvested from each nutrient pot in the summer of the same year from June 20 to 30;

[0046] S6, the seedling tuber F1 is treated for germination around July 20 in the second summer, and then the seedling tuber F1 after the germination treatment is sown in the common greenhouse, enters the mature period around November 10 in the same year, and single plants are selected in the field, early-maturing and high-yield single plants are selected, the tubers of each single plant are separately packed, labeled and hung, and the tubers are T1 generation potatoes;

[0047] S7, the T1 generation potatoes are treated for germination on March 1 in the third spring, and then the T1 generation potatoes after the germination treatment are sown in the field, 4-5 plants become a strain nursery, and the strain is harvested and selected from June 20 to 30 in the summer of the same year, early-maturing, high-yield, shallow bud eye and tuber type complex market required strains are selected, and the strains are marked as T2 generation potatoes, and the T2 generation potatoes are treated for stem tip detoxification;

[0048] S8, the T2 generation potatoes after the stem tip detoxification are treated for germination around July 20 in the third summer, and the T2 generation potatoes are sown in the field for generation on August 5-10 in the autumn, 20 plants of each strain are sown, and the strains are harvested around November 10 in the autumn, and the strains with a growth period of 60-70 days, a yield higher than 2500 kg / mu, a plant height of 60-80 cm, smooth skin, shallow bud eye and good taste are selected, and the selected tubers are collected and marked as T3 generation potatoes;

[0049] S9, a product comparison test is carried out in the fourth spring, the T3 generation potatoes are repeated in the S7 step, but the planting area of the selected T3 generation potatoes is increased to about 20 square meters per strain, and the local main cultivars are used as controls to carry out comparison tests in the mature period, yield, disease resistance, quality and commodity performance;

[0050] S10, in the fifth spring and the sixth spring, the new strains with good performance in the product comparison test are continuously subjected to 5-point different region tests for adaptability identification, and quality analysis, disease resistance identification, DUS test, transgenic detection and other work are carried out;

[0051] S11, in the seventh year, the new stable early-maturing potato strains with a comprehensive performance better than the control varieties are applied for registration of new varieties.

[0052] In the application, the bottleneck problems in the past hybrid breeding process in the low-altitude high-temperature area, such as few flowers, short flowering period and low seed setting rate, are broken through, and the breeding period of early-maturing potatoes is shortened from 10 years in the past to 7 years at present.

[0053] The breeding greenhouse comprises an overground cold shed 1, a support frame 2 and an induction control system, the overground cold shed 1 is internally provided with an air inlet fan 3, an air outlet fan 4, a light supplement lamp 5 and an irrigation device 6, the induction control system comprises a controller 7 and a temperature sensor 8, a light sensor 20 and a humidity sensor 9 connected with the controller 7, the controller 7 is further connected with the air inlet fan 3, the air outlet fan 4, the light supplement lamp 5 and the irrigation device 6 respectively, wherein the irrigation device 6 comprises an irrigation belt and a water pump, the controller 7 controls the opening and closing of the water pump according to the judgment of the humidity sensor 8, when the humidity sensor 8 shows that the soil humidity is less than 60%, the controller 7 opens the water pump, until the temperature sensor 8 shows that the soil humidity reaches 80%, the water pump is closed; when the light sensor 20 measures that the effective illumination time of the day is greater than 10h, the light supplement lamp 5 does not work, when the light sensor 20 measures that the effective illumination time of the day is less than 10h, the controller 7 opens the light supplement lamp 5, and the illumination time of the light supplement lamp 5 is 12h-effective illumination time.

[0054] The air outlet of the air inlet fan 3 and the air inlet of the air outlet fan 4 are located at two ends of the overground cold shed 1 respectively, the air outlet of the air inlet fan 3 is located at the bottom of the overground cold shed 1, and the air inlet of the air outlet fan 4 is fixed to the top of the overground cold shed 1 by means of the support frame 2, through the position setting of the air outlet and the air inlet, the air in the breeding greenhouse can pass through the surface of the whole culture medium in the circulation process, so that the ventilation effect of the potato and the temperature control in the shed are improved.

[0055] The use method of the air inlet fan 3 and the air outlet fan 4 comprises the following steps:

[0056] I, the air outlet fan 4 is opened to exhaust the air in the overground cold shed 1, until the air pressure in the overground cold shed 1 is 80-90kPa;

[0057] II, the air inlet fan 3 is opened, the air inlet fan 3 and the air outlet fan 4 work together, the blowing and inhaling amounts of the air inlet fan 3 and the air outlet fan 4 are the same, the air pressure in the overground cold shed 1 forms a dynamic balance and is stabilized to 80-90kPa.

[0058] In order to simulate the low-pressure environment of the high-altitude area, the breeding greenhouse in the application adopts the working mode of the air inlet fan 3 and the air outlet fan 4 to realize the low-pressure environment, part of the air in the breeding greenhouse is first extracted by the air outlet fan 4 to form a low-pressure environment, then the air inlet fan 3 and the air outlet fan 4 are simultaneously opened to realize the balance of air in and out, so that the breeding greenhouse is in a stable 80-90kPa low-pressure environment, in addition, the circulation of air in and out also ensures the air circulation in the breeding greenhouse, which is beneficial to the growth of the potato and the temperature control during cross pollination.

[0059] The output end of the air inlet fan 3 is provided with a constant temperature system, the constant temperature system comprises an air inlet pipe 10 and an air outlet pipe 11, a natural air pipe 12, a heating pipe 13 and a cooling pipe 14 are connected in parallel between the air inlet pipe 10 and the air outlet pipe 11, the natural air pipe 12 is provided with a first stop valve 15, the heating pipe 13 is provided with a heater 16 and a second stop valve 17, the cooling pipe 14 is provided with a cooler 18 and a third stop valve 19, and the temperature sensor 8 is located outside the ground cold shed 1; the constant temperature system can realize the stability of the temperature, so that the potato growing process and the pollination and fruit setting process are always in the suitable temperature, thereby cooperating with the germination treatment to break the dormancy of the potato and shorten the breeding period of the potato.

[0060] The control method of the constant temperature system comprises the following steps:

[0061] A. The controller 7 determines through the outdoor temperature sensor; when the outdoor temperature is 15-25℃, the controller 7 controls the first stop valve 15 to be opened, and the second stop valve 17 and the third stop valve 19 to be closed; the outdoor air directly enters the breeding greenhouse through the natural air pipe 12 for ventilation;

[0062] B. When the outdoor temperature is lower than 15℃, the controller 7 controls the second stop valve 17 to be opened, and the first stop valve 15 and the third stop valve 19 to be closed; the heater 16 is started, the outdoor air is heated to 15-25℃, and then enters the breeding greenhouse for ventilation;

[0063] C. When the outdoor temperature is higher than 25℃, the controller 7 controls the third stop valve 19 to be opened, and the first stop valve 15 and the second stop valve 17 to be closed; the cooler 18 is started, the outdoor air is cooled to 15-25℃, and then enters the breeding greenhouse for ventilation.

[0064] II. Performance test

[0065] Embodiment

[0066] The new product breeding in the embodiment is carried out in the manner in the specific embodiment.

[0067] Comparative example

[0068] The potatoes in the comparative example are bred by the traditional potato breeding method, and a potato planting base in Zhangbei County of Zhangjiakou is taken as a high-altitude breeding base; the average altitude of Zhangbei County is about 1500km, and the air pressure value is about 85kPa.

[0069] According to the methods in the embodiment and the comparative example, 6 groups of experiments are set for breeding experiments, and the experimental data are shown in Table 1.

[0070] Table 1

[0071] pollinated flowers number of seeds seed set seed number breeding cycle / year Example 1 30 20 66.7 4081 7 Example 2 30 15 50 3000 7 Example 3 30 16 53.3 3356 7 Example 4 30 13 43.3 2860 7 Example 5 30 12 40 2569 7 Example 6 30 17 56.7 3477 7 Comparative Example 1 30 18 60％ 3654 10 Comparative Example 2 30 12 40％ 2451 10 Comparative Example 3 30 13 43.3 2345 10 Comparative Example 4 30 15 50 3075 10 Comparative Example 5 30 11 36.7 2157 10 Comparative Example 6 30 14 46.7 2795 10

[0072] As shown in Table 1, the average seed setting rate in the examples is about 51.7%, the average seed number is 3223, and the breeding cycle is 7 years; the average seed setting rate in the comparative examples is about 46.1%, the average seed number is 2746, and the breeding cycle is 10 years.

[0073] By comparing the examples with the comparative examples, it can be found that the breeding method of the present application not only shortens the breeding cycle, but also improves the seed setting rate and the seed number of potatoes, and not only overcomes the problem of low seed setting rate in potato breeding in low-altitude high-temperature areas, but also surpasses the seed setting rate of potato breeding in high-altitude areas at present.

Claims

1. A method for shortening the breeding cycle of early maturing potato in low altitude high temperature areas, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1, a breeding greenhouse is built, and a planting container filled with a culture medium is laid in the breeding greenhouse; S2, in the first year, potato parents are treated with seed germination in a dark room at 15-20 DEG C in spring, and then the treated potatoes are planted in the planting container; S3, field management is performed, so that the breeding greenhouse is kept in a stable low-pressure environment of 80-90 kPa, the humidity of the culture medium is kept at 60-80%, the air humidity is kept above 85%, the temperature in the breeding greenhouse is kept at 15-25 DEG C, the daily light time is 12-15 h, and when the natural light time is insufficient, a light supplement lamp (5) is used for light supplement, 1-1.5 kg of compound fertilizer and 25-35 kg of decomposed sheep manure are added per cubic meter of the culture medium; S4, a growth regulator is sprayed at the budding stage, 75-85 mg of gibberellin and 90-100 muL of brassinolide are contained in each liter of the growth regulator, a fruit protection agent is sprayed after pollination, 12-20 mg of sodium complex nitrophenol and 25-40 mg of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid are contained in each liter of the fruit protection agent, hybrid fruits and true seeds are harvested in the first year autumn; S5, in the second year, the true seeds are treated with seed germination, and then each of the treated true seeds is planted in a common greenhouse with a net screen for protection, one true seed potato F1 is harvested in each nutrient bowl in the same year summer; S6, in the second year summer, the true seed potato F1 is treated with seed germination, and then the treated true seed potato F1 is planted in a common greenhouse with a net screen for protection, and the T1 generation potato is harvested and selected in the same year autumn, the tubers of the selected single plant are packaged separately and marked as T1 generation potatoes; S7, in the third year spring, the T1 generation potatoes are treated with seed germination, and then the treated T1 generation potatoes are planted in a field, 4-5 plants become a strain plot, the T2 generation potatoes are harvested and selected in the same year summer, the selected tubers are collected and marked as T2 generation potatoes, and the T2 generation potatoes are treated with stem tip virus elimination; S8, in the third year summer, the T2 generation potatoes treated with stem tip virus elimination are treated with seed germination, and then the treated T2 generation potatoes are planted in a field, the T3 generation potatoes are harvested and selected in the same year autumn, and the selected tubers are collected and marked as T3 generation potatoes; S9, in the fourth year spring, a comparison test is performed on the T3 generation potatoes and local main varieties; S10, if the T3 generation potatoes are better than the local main varieties, the T3 generation potatoes are continuously used for adaptability identification for two years in the fifth and sixth years; S11, in the seventh year, the new potato strain tested in S10 is applied for registration as a new variety.

2. The method of shortening breeding cycle of early maturing potato in low altitude high temperature region as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The seed germination treatment in S5 is that the true seeds are soaked in 10-12 ppm gibberellin for 30-40 minutes, and then are placed in a culture box with a humidity of 85-90% and a temperature of 34-36 DEG C for 48 hours and a temperature of 15-18 DEG C for 48 hours for temperature treatment.

3. The method of shortening breeding cycle of early maturing potato in low altitude high temperature region as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The culture medium comprises 4-6 parts of farmland soil and 1-2 parts of vermiculite.

4. The method of shortening breeding cycle of early maturing potato in low altitude high temperature region as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The breeding greenhouse comprises an overground cold shed (1), a support frame (2) and an induction control system, the overground cold shed (1) is internally provided with an air inlet fan (3), an air outlet fan (4), a light supplement lamp (5) and an irrigation device (6), the induction control system comprises a controller (7) and a temperature sensor (8), a light sensor (20) and a humidity sensor (9) connected with the controller (7), and the controller (7) is further connected with the air inlet fan (3), the air outlet fan (4), the light supplement lamp (5) and the irrigation device (6) respectively.

5. The method of shortening the breeding cycle of early maturing potato in low altitude high temperature region as claimed in claim 4, wherein, The air outlet of the air inlet fan (3) and the air inlet of the air outlet fan (4) are located at two ends of the overground cold shed (1), the air outlet of the air inlet fan (3) is located at the bottom of the overground cold shed (1), and the air inlet of the air outlet fan (4) is fixed to the top of the overground cold shed (1) by means of the support frame (2).

6. The method of shortening breeding cycle of early maturing potato in low altitude high temperature region as claimed in claim 4, wherein, The use method of the air inlet fan (3) and the air outlet fan (4) comprises the following steps: I. Turn on the air outlet fan (4) to exhaust the air in the overground cold shed (1) until the air pressure in the overground cold shed (1) is 80-90kPa; II. Turn on the air inlet fan (3), the air inlet fan (3) and the air outlet fan (4) work together, the air blowing and air suction amounts of the air inlet fan (3) and the air outlet fan (4) are the same, the air pressure in the overground cold shed (1) forms a dynamic balance and is stabilized to 80-90kPa.

7. The method of shortening breeding cycle of early maturing potato in low altitude high temperature region as claimed in claim 4, wherein, The output end of the air inlet fan (3) is provided with a constant temperature system, the constant temperature system comprises an air inlet pipe (10) and an air outlet pipe (11), the air inlet pipe (10) and the air outlet pipe (11) are connected in parallel with a natural air pipe (12), a heating pipe (13) and a cooling pipe (14), the natural air pipe (12) is provided with a first stop valve (15), the heating pipe (13) is provided with a heater (16) and a second stop valve (17), the cooling pipe (14) is provided with a cooler (18) and a third stop valve (19), and the temperature sensor (8) is located outside the overground cold shed (1).

8. The method of shortening breeding cycle of early maturing potato in low altitude high temperature region as claimed in claim 7, wherein, The control method of the constant temperature system comprises the following steps: A. The controller (7) determines through an outdoor temperature sensor, when the outdoor temperature is 15-25℃, the controller (7) controls the first stop valve (15) to be opened, the second stop valve (17) and the third stop valve (19) to be closed, and outdoor air directly enters the breeding greenhouse along the natural air pipe (12) for ventilation; B. When the outdoor temperature is lower than 15℃, the controller (7) controls the second stop valve (17) to be opened, the first stop valve (15) and the third stop valve (19) to be closed, and the heater (16) is started, and outdoor air is heated to 15-25℃ before entering the breeding greenhouse for ventilation; C. When the outdoor temperature is higher than 25℃, the controller (7) controls the third stop valve (19) to be opened, the first stop valve (15) and the second stop valve (17) to be closed, and the cooler (18) is started, and outdoor air is cooled to 15-25℃ before entering the breeding greenhouse for ventilation.

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