Five-axis machining center quick tool changer and method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of numerical control machining, and particularly relates to a quick tool changer and method for a five-axis machining center, which comprises a machining bed, a clamping mechanism arranged in the machining bed, a tool supply mechanism arranged below the clamping mechanism, a milling cutter clamped at the lower end of the clamping mechanism, and a fixed tube included in the clamping mechanism. The quick tool changer can quickly change tools, stably clamp tools, and accurately position tools, can reduce downtime during machining, improve production efficiency, and particularly has more obvious advantages for large-scale production and high-demand machining tasks. Meanwhile, stable tool clamping and accurate tool positioning can reduce vibration and errors during machining, and improve machining accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC machining technology, and in particular to a rapid tool changer and method for a five-axis machining center. Background Technology

[0002] Numerical control (NC) machining is a technology that uses computer-controlled machine tools for machining. It inputs various parameters of the machining process into the NC system in a numerical way, and the NC system automatically controls the machine tool to perform machining operations. A five-axis machining center is an advanced NC machine tool with five independent axial motion control, which can perform complex cutting operations in multiple directions. Compared with traditional three-axis or four-axis NC machine tools, five-axis machining centers have higher machining accuracy and a larger machining range, and are suitable for machining complex curved surfaces, three-dimensional parts and unconventional shapes.

[0003] Most existing tool changing devices use single-arm tool changing, which means that more precise tool positioning and precise positioning of the tool feeding mechanism are required to complete the rapid tool changing action. If the tool positioning is slightly off due to vibration or other unexpected factors during the production process, the entire equipment will stop production, and in severe cases, it will cause certain damage to the equipment.

[0004] To address the above problems, this invention proposes a rapid tool changer and method for a five-axis machining center. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the existing problems of tool changing technology in five-axis machining, this invention proposes a rapid tool changing device and method for five-axis machining centers.

[0006] This invention proposes a rapid tool changer for a five-axis machining center, comprising a machining bed, an internal clamping mechanism, and a tool feeding mechanism below the clamping mechanism. The lower end of the clamping mechanism holds a milling cutter. The clamping mechanism includes a fixed tube, the upper end of which is fixedly connected to the spindle box of the machining bed. A limit ring is slidably connected to the inner wall of the lower end of the fixed tube. Slider blocks are symmetrically arranged on the surface of the limit ring. A bearing is positioned above the limit ring, with its outer ring fixedly connected to the upper end of the limit ring. A helical gear is fixedly connected to the inner ring of the bearing, and a fixed post is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the helical gear. Clamping pieces are arranged in a circular array at the lower end of the fixed post. The inner wall of the limit ring is slidably connected to the outer surface of the circular clamping pieces. The inner wall of the fixed tube has a groove adapted to the surface of the slider, and the inner wall of the groove is slidably connected to the surface of the slider.

[0007] Preferably, a first cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper end of the fixed column, a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the first cylinder, a motor housing is fixedly connected to the lower end of the connecting rod, a motor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the motor housing, the lower end of the motor housing is fixedly connected to the upper end of the fixed column, the motor housing and the first cylinder are arranged along a symmetrical axis, the output shaft of the motor is rotatably connected to the housing of the motor housing through a bearing, and the output shaft of the motor extends to the outside of the housing of the motor housing.

[0008] Preferably, a gear set is provided on the outside of the motor, the two gears of the gear set meshing perpendicularly to each other, one end of the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the vertical gear of the gear set, the lower end of the horizontal gear of the gear set is fixedly connected to a rotating column, the outer surface of the rotating column is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the fixed column through a connecting rod with an embedded bearing, and the lower end of the rotating column is fixedly connected to a drive gear that meshes with the surface of the helical gear.

[0009] Preferably, the fixing column is divided into two parts along the axis of symmetry, and the two half-columns are slidably connected. The six equal parts of the clamping pieces are evenly fixed to the lower end of the fixing column along the sliding surface of the fixing column. The surface of one half-column of the fixing column is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixing tube, and the outer surface of the other half-column of the fixing column is not in contact with the inner wall of the fixing column.

[0010] Preferably, the fixed post has a fixed groove adapted to the milling cutter inside, and a negative pressure hole is formed at the upper end of the fixed post. The inner wall of one end of the negative pressure hole extends to the inner wall of the fixed groove, and the other end of the negative pressure hole is connected to a negative pressure pipe. One end of the negative pressure pipe extends to the outside of the fixed pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the lower ends of the six equal-sized clips are all offset outward from the center of the fixing post, and the six equal-sized clips do not contact each other.

[0012] Preferably, the maximum extension length of the piston rod of the first cylinder is equal to the distance from the uppermost end of the fixing groove to the lowermost end of the clamping piece.

[0013] Preferably, the machining bed column has a mounting groove, and the tool feeding mechanism includes a second cylinder with one end embedded in the inner wall of the mounting groove. One end of the piston rod of the second cylinder is fixedly connected to a sleeve. The outer surface of the sleeve is slidably connected to the inner wall of the mounting groove. A stepper motor is installed inside the sleeve, and the output shaft of the stepper motor is fixedly connected to a cutter disc. The back of the cutter disc is in contact with the surface of the machining bed column. The surface of the cutter disc has an array of milling cutter grooves adapted to the lower end of the milling cutter. Symmetrical second sliding grooves are formed on the upper inner wall of each milling cutter groove. Each of the second sliding grooves has a spring inside. One end of each spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second slide groove. A pin is sleeved on the surface of each spring. Limiting grooves are respectively opened inside the cutter discs located on both sides of the milling cutter groove. A connecting post is slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting groove. The inner wall of the second slide groove is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the limiting groove. One end of each pin is fixedly connected to the upper end of the connecting post. A stop is fixedly connected to the surface of each connecting post through a sliding post. The surface of each sliding post is slidably connected to the disc body of the cutter disc. The surfaces of two symmetrical stops are in contact with each other. One side of each stop is provided with an arc surface.

[0014] Preferably, the back of the cutter head is arrayed with second negative pressure holes corresponding to the milling cutter grooves, one end of the inner wall of each second negative pressure hole is fixedly connected to the groove surface of the milling cutter groove, and each milling cutter groove is provided with a silicone gasket that is adapted to it.

[0015] Preferably, the method for a rapid tool changer for a five-axis machining center includes the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: When replacing a clamped milling cutter, the motor drives the gear set through the output shaft. Under the action of the gear set, the rotating column drives the helical gear meshing with the surface of the drive gear to rotate rapidly. The helical gear moves upward and generates relative displacement with the drive gear until the upper end of the helical gear contacts the lower surface of the connecting rod. At this time, the helical gear completely releases the threaded connection with the fixed column. The bearing fixed to the lower end of the helical gear drives the limit ring to move upward synchronously. The slider slides in the groove, and the array of clamping pieces deflects slightly outward and does not contact the lower end surface of the milling cutter.

[0017] Step Two: The first cylinder starts working, driving the motor housing fixed to the connecting rod to move upward. One half of the fixed column slides upward simultaneously, and this sliding half-column drives multiple clamping plates at its lower end to move upward. The inner wall of the helical gear, under the action of the thread, drives the bearing to move further upward. At this time, the cutter head moves directly below the clamping plates under the action of the second cylinder. When the lower end of the clamping plates is no longer in contact with the surface of the cutter head, the surface of the ejector pin just contacts the lower end surface of the milling cutter fixed in the fixed groove. The second cylinder continues to push the cutter head to move, and the milling cutter... The lower end presses against the ejector pin, which drives the stop block to retract through the connecting column, releasing the limit on the milling cutter groove until the surface of the milling cutter groove contacts the surface of the milling cutter. The second negative pressure hole is opened, and the second negative pressure hole completes the adsorption and fixation of the milling cutter. The ejector pin and the stop block return to their initial state under the action of the spring. When the piston rod of the first cylinder reaches its maximum length, the milling cutter is fully exposed, the negative pressure hole stops working, the second cylinder retracts the distance of the rear end of the cutter disc, the stepper motor synchronously drives the cutter disc to rotate, and the second cylinder synchronously pushes the milling cutter to be replaced to directly below the clamping plate.

[0018] Step 3: The upper surface of the milling cutter to be replaced contacts the fixing groove, the negative pressure hole opens, and the surface of the milling cutter is attracted. The second cylinder retracts, and at the same time the second negative pressure hole closes. The lower end of the milling cutter is squeezed against the ejector pin, which drives the stop block to release the limiting effect on the milling cutter. The second cylinder continues to retract to return to its original state. At this time, the first cylinder opens simultaneously, driving the piston rod to retract. The column of half of the fixed column drives the clamping plate and helical gear fixedly connected to its lower end to move downward until the piston rod completes retraction. The motor is started. The motor drives the helical gear to rotate rapidly through the gear set, rotating column and drive gear. The helical gear is threadedly connected to the fixed column. During the threaded connection, the helical gear drives the limiting ring to descend. The inner wall of the lower end of the limiting ring squeezes the array of clamping plates. The clamping plates then squeeze the lower end surface of the milling cutter for secondary fixation until the helical gear stops rotating.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0020] By incorporating a clamping mechanism and a tool feeding mechanism, the problems of slow tool changing speed, unstable tool clamping, and easy tool loosening and displacement, which affect machining accuracy, in traditional tool changing devices are solved. The fast tool changing speed, stable clamping, and accurate tool positioning can reduce downtime during machining and improve production efficiency. This advantage is particularly evident for large-scale production and high-requirement machining tasks. At the same time, stable tool clamping and accurate tool positioning can reduce vibration and errors during machining and improve machining accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a rapid tool changer and method for a five-axis machining center proposed in this invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a front view of a rapid tool changer and method for a five-axis machining center proposed in this invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the tool feeding mechanism of a rapid tool changer and method for a five-axis machining center proposed in this invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the clamping mechanism of a rapid tool changer and method for a five-axis machining center proposed in this invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a front view of a helical gear in a rapid tool changer and method for a five-axis machining center proposed in this invention.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the location of the fixing slot in a five-axis machining center rapid tool changer and method proposed in this invention.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the tool head of a rapid tool changer and method for a five-axis machining center proposed in this invention.

[0028] Figure 8 This invention proposes a rapid tool changer and method for a five-axis machining center. Figure 7 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a rear view of the tool turret of a rapid tool changer and method for a five-axis machining center proposed in this invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Machining machine; 2. Clamping mechanism; 20. Slide groove; 21. Fixed tube; 22. Limiting ring; 23. Slider; 24. Clamping piece; 25. Bearing; 26. Helical gear; 27. Fixed column; 28. First cylinder; 29. ​​Connecting rod; 210. Motor box; 211. Motor; 212. Gear set; 213. Rotating column; 214. Drive gear; 215. Negative pressure hole; 216. Fixed groove; 3. Tool feeding mechanism; 30. Stepper motor; 31. Second cylinder; 32. Sleeve; 33. Cutter head; 34. Milling cutter groove; 35. Second slide groove; 36. Spring; 37. Ejector pin; 38. Limiting groove; 39. Connecting column; 310. Stop; 4. Milling cutter. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0032] Reference Figures 1-9A rapid tool changer for a five-axis machining center includes a machining bed 1. A clamping mechanism 2 is installed inside the machining bed 1, and a tool feeding mechanism 3 is installed below the clamping mechanism 2. A milling cutter 4 is clamped at the lower end of the clamping mechanism 2. The clamping mechanism 2 includes a fixed tube 21, the upper end of which is fixedly connected to the spindle box of the machining bed 1. A limit ring 22 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the lower end of the fixed tube 21. Slider blocks 23 are symmetrically arranged on the surface of the limit ring 22. A bearing 25 is installed above the limit ring 22. The outer ring of the bearing 25 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the limit ring 22, and the inner ring of the bearing 25 is fixedly connected to... A helical gear 26 is connected, and a fixed post 27 is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the helical gear 26. A clamping plate 24 is arranged in a circular array at the lower end of the fixed post 27. The inner wall of the limiting ring 22 is slidably connected to the outer surface of the circular clamping plate 24. A groove 20 adapted to the surface of the slider 23 is provided on the inner wall of the fixed tube 21, and the inner wall of the groove 20 is slidably connected to the surface of the slider 23. A first cylinder 28 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the fixed post 27, and a connecting rod 29 is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the first cylinder 28. A motor housing 210 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the connecting rod 29, and the inner wall of the motor housing 210 is fixedly connected to... A motor 211 is connected to the motor housing 210. The lower end of the motor housing 210 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the fixed column 27. The motor housing 210 and the first cylinder 28 are arranged along a symmetrical axis. The output shaft of the motor 211 is rotatably connected to the housing of the motor housing 210 through a bearing, and the output shaft of the motor 211 extends to the outside of the housing of the motor housing 210. A gear set 212 is arranged on the outside of the motor 211. The two gears of the gear set 212 mesh perpendicularly to each other. One end of the output shaft of the motor 211 is fixedly connected to the vertical gear of the gear set 212, and the lower end of the horizontal gear of the gear set 212 is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft. The outer surface of the moving column 213 and the rotating column 213 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the fixed column 27 via a connecting rod with an embedded bearing. The lower end of the rotating column 213 is fixedly connected to a drive gear 214 that meshes with the surface of the helical gear 26. The fixed column 27 is divided into two parts along the axis of symmetry, and the two half-columns are slidably connected. Six equal-sized clips 24 are evenly fixed to the lower end of the fixed column 27 along the sliding surface of the fixed column 27. The surface of one half-column of the fixed column 27 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed tube 21, and the outer surface of the other half-column of the fixed column 27 does not contact the inner wall of the fixed column 27.

[0033] Specifically, by setting the fixed column 27 to be evenly divided into two halves with sliding connections between them, the sliding half-columns can be moved back and forth inside the fixed tube 21 by the first cylinder 28. This, in turn, drives the helical gear 26 on the outside of the fixed column 27 and the bearing 25 fixedly connected to the helical gear 26 to move back and forth, making it easier and faster to clamp and release the milling cutter 4, reducing tool changing time and improving processing efficiency. The motor 211 drives the helical gear 26 to rotate through the gear set 212, which in turn drives the fixed column 27 to move up and down, realizing the clamping and releasing of the milling cutter 4 by the clamping plate 24. This threaded connection method can provide precise displacement control, ensuring that the clamping force is moderate, which will not damage the tool and ensures that the tool is firmly clamped.

[0034] In this embodiment, the fixed post 27 has a fixed groove 216 adapted to the milling cutter 4 inside, and a negative pressure hole 215 is provided at the upper end of the fixed post 27. One end of the negative pressure hole 215 extends to the inner wall of the fixed groove 216, and the other end of the negative pressure hole 215 is connected to a negative pressure pipe. One end of the negative pressure pipe extends to the outside of the fixed pipe 21.

[0035] Specifically, while the milling cutter 4 is clamped from the outside by the clamping piece 24, the fixing groove 216 inside the fixing post 27 that is compatible with the milling cutter 4 and the negative pressure generated by the external negative pressure pipe provide a double fixing method for the milling cutter 4. This double fixing greatly enhances the stability of the milling cutter 4 during the machining process, reduces machining errors caused by the loosening of the milling cutter 4, and improves machining accuracy. At the same time, the design of the fixing groove 216 allows the milling cutter 4 to quickly and accurately find the fixing position during installation, which facilitates the clamping piece 24 to clamp and initiate the negative pressure fixing. This helps to improve the speed and accuracy of tool changing, reduce the adjustment time during tool changing, and improve production efficiency.

[0036] In this embodiment, the lower ends of the six equal-sized clips 24 are all offset outward from the center of the fixing post 27, and the six equal-sized clips 24 do not contact each other.

[0037] Specifically, the lower end of the clamping piece 24 is offset outward from the center of the fixing post 27, so that in the initial state, a large space is formed between the clamping pieces 24, which facilitates the fixing of the milling cutter 4. This makes it easier for the milling cutter 4 to enter the clamping position during the tool changing process, thus improving the efficiency of tool changing.

[0038] In this embodiment, the maximum extension length of the piston rod of the first cylinder 28 is equal to the distance from the uppermost end of the fixing groove 216 to the lowermost end of the clamping piece 24;

[0039] Specifically, with the above setup, the fixing slot 216 can be fully exposed, and the operator can complete the installation of the milling cutter 4 without making too many adjustments and calibrations, thereby improving the efficiency of tool changing and reducing downtime in production.

[0040] In this embodiment, the column of the machining bed 1 has a mounting groove. The tool feeding mechanism 3 includes a second cylinder 31 with one end embedded in the inner wall of the mounting groove. One end of the piston rod of the second cylinder 31 is fixedly connected to a sleeve 32. The outer surface of the sleeve 32 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the mounting groove. A stepper motor 30 is installed inside the sleeve 32. The output shaft of the stepper motor 30 is fixedly connected to a cutter head 33. The back of the cutter head 33 is in contact with the surface of the column of the machining bed 1. The surface of the cutter head 33 has an array of milling cutter grooves 34 that are adapted to the lower end of the milling cutter 4. The upper inner wall of the milling cutter groove 34 is symmetrically provided with second sliding grooves 35. Each second sliding groove 35 is provided with a spring 36 inside. One end of spring 36 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second slide groove 35. A pin 37 is sleeved on the surface of each spring 36. Limiting grooves 38 are respectively opened inside the cutter disc 33 located on both sides of the milling cutter groove 34. A connecting post 39 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting groove 38. The inner wall of the second slide groove 35 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the limiting groove 38. One end of the pin 37 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the connecting post 39. A stop block 310 is fixedly connected to the surface of each connecting post 39 through a sliding post. The surface of each sliding post is slidably connected to the disc body of the cutter disc 33. The surfaces of the two symmetrical stop blocks 310 are in contact with each other. One side of each stop block 310 is provided with an arc surface.

[0041] Specifically, the milling cutter grooves 34 arrayed on the surface of the cutter head 33 are adapted to the lower end of the milling cutter 4, providing a stable placement position for the milling cutter 4. The milling cutter 4 will not shake or shift within the groove, ensuring the stability of the milling cutter 4 during storage and supply. The connecting post 39 is connected to the stop block 310 via a sliding post. One side of the stop block 310 is arc-shaped. When the milling cutter 4 is inserted into the milling cutter groove 34, it can smoothly push the stop block 310 open. After insertion, the stop block 310 is reset under the action of the spring 36 and the connecting post 39, which limits the milling cutter 4 and prevents the tool from accidentally coming out.

[0042] In this embodiment, the back of the cutter head 33 is arrayed with second negative pressure holes corresponding to the milling cutter groove 34. The inner wall of one end of each second negative pressure hole is fixedly connected to the groove surface of the milling cutter groove 34, and a silicone pad adapted to it is provided on the surface of each milling cutter groove 34.

[0043] Specifically, the second negative pressure holes arrayed on the back of the cutter head 33, corresponding to the milling cutter groove 34, can generate negative pressure through an external negative pressure device, which will create an adsorption force on the cutter placed in the milling cutter groove 34. This negative pressure adsorption, together with other fixing structures in the milling cutter groove 34, further enhances the fixing effect of the milling cutter 4 on the cutter head 33, ensuring that the cutter will not loosen or fall off during storage and transportation.

[0044] Reference Figures 1-9 A method for using a rapid tool changer for a five-axis machining center, the operation steps are as follows:

[0045] Step 1: When replacing the clamped milling cutter 4, the motor 211 drives the gear set 212 through the output shaft. Under the action of the gear set 212, the rotating column 213 drives the helical gear 26 meshing with the surface of the drive gear 214 to rotate rapidly. The helical gear 26 moves upward and generates relative displacement with the drive gear 214 until the upper end of the helical gear 26 contacts the lower surface of the connecting rod. At this time, the helical gear 26 completely releases the threaded connection with the fixed column 27. The bearing 25 fixed to the lower end of the helical gear 26 drives the limiting ring 22 to move upward synchronously. The slider 23 slides in the slide groove 20, and the array-shaped clamping pieces 24 are slightly deflected outward and do not contact the lower end surface of the milling cutter 4.

[0046] Step 2: The first cylinder 28 starts working, driving the motor housing 210, which is fixed to the connecting rod 29, to move upward. One half of the fixed column 27 slides upward synchronously. The sliding half of the column drives the multiple clamping plates 24 at its lower end to move upward. The inner wall of the helical gear 26, under the action of the thread, drives the bearing 25 to move further upward. At this time, the cutter head 33 moves directly below the clamping plates 24 under the action of the second cylinder 31. When the lower end of the clamping plate 24 is not in contact with the surface of the cutter head 33, the surface of the ejector pin 37 just contacts the lower end surface of the milling cutter 4 fixed in the fixed groove 216. The second cylinder 31 continues to push the cutter head 33 to move, and the lower end of the milling cutter 4... The end of the ejector pin 37 is pressed, and the ejector pin 37 drives the stop block 310 to retract through the connecting column 39, releasing the limit on the milling cutter groove 34 until the surface of the milling cutter groove 34 contacts the surface of the milling cutter 4, opening the second negative pressure hole, and the second negative pressure hole completes the adsorption and fixation of the milling cutter 4. The ejector pin 37 and the stop block 310 return to the initial state under the action of the spring. When the piston rod of the first cylinder 28 reaches the maximum length, the milling cutter 4 is fully exposed, the negative pressure hole 215 stops working, the second cylinder 31 retracts the distance of the rear end of the cutter disc 33, the stepper motor 30 synchronously drives the cutter disc 33 to rotate, and the second cylinder 31 synchronously pushes the milling cutter 4 to be replaced to the position directly below the clamping plate 24.

[0047] Step 3: The upper surface of the milling cutter 4 to be replaced contacts the fixing groove 216, the negative pressure hole 215 opens, adsorbing the surface of the milling cutter 4, the second cylinder 31 retracts, and at the same time the second negative pressure hole closes, the lower end of the milling cutter 4 presses against the ejector pin 37, driving the stop block 310 to simultaneously release the limiting effect on the milling cutter 4, the second cylinder 31 continues to retract to return to its original state, at this time the first cylinder 28 opens simultaneously, driving the piston rod to retract, the column of half of the fixing column 27 drives the clamping piece 24 and the helical gear 26 fixedly connected to its lower end to move towards The piston rod moves downward until it retracts completely, and the motor 211 is started. The motor 211 drives the helical gear 26 to rotate rapidly through the gear set 212, the rotating column 213 and the drive gear 214. The helical gear 26 is threadedly connected to the fixed column 27. During the threaded connection, the helical gear 26 drives the limiting ring 22 to descend. The lower inner wall of the limiting ring 22 presses the array of clamping pieces 24. The clamping pieces 24 then press and fix the lower surface of the milling cutter 4 for a second time until the helical gear 26 stops rotating.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid tool changer for a five-axis machining center, comprising a machining bed (1), characterized in that: The machining bed (1) is provided with a clamping mechanism (2) inside. A tool feeding mechanism (3) is provided below the clamping mechanism (2). The lower end of the clamping mechanism (2) clamps a milling cutter (4). The clamping mechanism (2) includes a fixed tube (21). The upper end of the fixed tube (21) is fixedly connected to the spindle box of the machining bed (1). A limit ring (22) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the lower end of the fixed tube (21). A slider (23) is symmetrically arranged on the surface of the limit ring (22). A bearing (25) is provided above the limit ring (22). The outer ring of the bearing (25) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the limit ring (22). A helical gear (26) is fixedly connected to the inner ring of the bearing (25). A fixed column (27) is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the helical gear (26). The upper end of the fixed column (27) is fixedly connected to the first cylinder (28), the piston rod of the first cylinder (28) is fixedly connected to the connecting rod (29), the lower end of the connecting rod (29) is fixedly connected to the motor housing (210), the inner wall of the motor housing (210) is fixedly connected to the motor (211), the lower end of the motor housing (210) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the fixed column (27), the motor housing (210) and the first cylinder (28) are arranged along the axis of symmetry, the output shaft of the motor (211) is rotatably connected to the housing of the motor housing (210) through the bearing, and the output shaft of the motor (211) extends to the outside of the housing of the motor housing (210); A gear set (212) is provided on the outside of the motor (211). The two gears of the gear set (212) mesh perpendicularly to each other. One end of the output shaft of the motor (211) is fixedly connected to the vertical gear of the gear set (212). A rotating column (213) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the horizontal gear of the gear set (212). The outer surface of the rotating column (213) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the fixed column (27) through a connecting rod with an embedded bearing. A drive gear (214) that meshes with the surface of the helical gear (26) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating column (213). The fixed column (27) is divided into two along the axis of symmetry, and the two half-columns are slidably connected. The six equal-sized clips (24) are evenly fixed to the lower end of the fixed column (27) along the sliding surface of the fixed column (27). The surface of one half-column of the fixed column (27) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed tube (21), and the outer surface of the other half-column of the fixed column (27) is not in contact with the inner wall of the fixed column (27). The lower end of the fixed column (27) is provided with a circumferential array of clips (24), the inner wall of the limiting ring (22) is slidably connected to the outer surface of the circular clips (24), and the inner wall of the fixed tube (21) is provided with a groove (20) that is adapted to the surface of the slider (23), and the inner wall of the groove (20) is slidably connected to the surface of the slider (23). The machining bed (1) column has an installation groove. The tool feeding mechanism (3) includes a second cylinder (31) with one end embedded in the inner wall of the installation groove. One end of the piston rod of the second cylinder (31) is fixedly connected to a sleeve (32). The outer surface of the sleeve (32) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the installation groove. A stepper motor (30) is installed inside the sleeve (32). The output shaft of the stepper motor (30) is fixedly connected to a cutter disc (33). The back of the cutter disc (33) is in contact with the surface of the machining bed (1) column. The surface of the cutter disc (33) is arrayed with milling cutter grooves (34) that are adapted to the lower end of the milling cutter (4). The upper inner wall of the milling cutter groove (34) is symmetrically provided with second sliding grooves (35). Each second sliding groove (35) is provided with a spring (36). Each spring (36) is provided with a spring (36). One end of 6) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second slide groove (35). A pin (37) is sleeved on the surface of each spring (36). Limiting grooves (38) are respectively opened inside the cutter disc (33) located on both sides of the milling cutter groove (34). A connecting column (39) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting groove (38). The inner wall of the second slide groove (35) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the limiting groove (38). One end of the pin (37) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the connecting column (39). A stop block (310) is fixedly connected to the surface of each connecting column (39) through a sliding column. The surface of each sliding column is slidably connected to the disc body of the cutter disc (33). The surfaces of the two symmetrical stop blocks (310) are in contact with each other. One side of each stop block (310) is provided with an arc surface.

2. The rapid tool changer for a five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed post (27) has a fixed groove (216) adapted to the milling cutter (4) inside. The upper end of the fixed post (27) has a negative pressure hole (215). One end of the negative pressure hole (215) extends to the inner wall of the fixed groove (216). The other end of the negative pressure hole (215) is connected to a negative pressure pipe. One end of the negative pressure pipe extends to the outside of the fixed pipe (21).

3. The rapid tool changer for a five-axis machining center according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower ends of the six equal pieces (24) are all offset outward from the center of the fixing post (27), and the six equal pieces (24) do not contact each other.

4. A rapid tool changer for a five-axis machining center according to claim 3, characterized in that: The maximum extension length of the piston rod of the first cylinder (28) is equal to the distance from the uppermost end of the fixing groove (216) to the lowermost end of the clamping piece (24).

5. A rapid tool changer for a five-axis machining center according to claim 4, characterized in that: The back of the cutter head (33) is arrayed with second negative pressure holes corresponding to the milling cutter groove (34). The inner wall of one end of each second negative pressure hole is fixedly connected to the groove surface of the milling cutter groove (34). Each milling cutter groove (34) is provided with a silicone pad that is compatible with it.

6. The method for a rapid tool changer for a five-axis machining center according to claim 5, characterized in that, The operation steps are as follows: Step 1: When replacing the clamped milling cutter (4), the motor (211) drives the gear set (212) to work through the output shaft. The rotating column (213) drives the helical gear (26) meshing with the surface of the drive gear (214) to rotate rapidly under the action of the gear set (212). The helical gear (26) moves upward and generates relative displacement with the drive gear (214) until the upper end of the helical gear (26) contacts the lower surface of the connecting rod. At this time, the helical gear (26) completely releases the threaded connection with the fixed column (27). The bearing (25) fixed to the lower end of the helical gear (26) drives the limiting ring (22) to move upward synchronously. The slider (23) slides in the slide groove (20). The array-shaped clamping pieces (24) are slightly deflected outward and do not contact the lower surface of the milling cutter (4). Step 2: The first cylinder (28) starts working, driving the motor housing (210) fixed to the connecting rod (29) to move upward. One half of the fixed column (27) slides upward synchronously. The sliding half of the column drives the multiple clamping plates (24) at its lower end to move upward. The inner wall of the helical gear (26) drives the bearing (25) to move further upward under the action of the thread. At this time, the cutter head (33) moves directly below the clamping plate (24) under the action of the second cylinder (31). When the lower end of the clamping plate (24) does not contact the surface of the cutter head (33), the surface of the ejector pin (37) just contacts the lower end surface of the milling cutter (4) fixed in the fixed groove (216). The second cylinder (31) continues to push the cutter head (33) to move, and the lower end of the milling cutter (4) is in contact with the surface of the cutter head (33). The ejector pin (37) squeezes and the ejector pin (37) drives the stop (310) to retract through the connecting column (39), releasing the limit on the milling cutter groove (34) until the surface of the milling cutter groove (34) contacts the surface of the milling cutter (4), opening the second negative pressure hole, the second negative pressure hole completes the adsorption and fixation of the milling cutter (4), the ejector pin (37) and the stop (310) return to the initial state under the action of the spring, when the piston rod of the first cylinder (28) reaches the maximum length, the milling cutter (4) is fully exposed, the negative pressure hole (215) stops working, the second cylinder (31) retracts the distance of the rear end of the cutter disc (33), the stepper motor (30) synchronously drives the cutter disc (33) to rotate, and the second cylinder (31) synchronously pushes the milling cutter (4) to be replaced to the right below the clamping plate (24); Step 3: The upper surface of the milling cutter (4) to be replaced contacts the fixing groove (216), the negative pressure hole (215) opens, adsorbing the surface of the milling cutter (4), the second cylinder (31) retracts, and at the same time the second negative pressure hole closes, the lower end of the milling cutter (4) squeezes the ejector pin (37), driving the stop block (310) to release the limiting effect on the milling cutter (4) simultaneously. The second cylinder (31) continues to retract to restore the original state. At this time, the first cylinder (28) opens simultaneously, driving the piston rod to retract, and the column of half of the fixing column (27) drives the clamp (24) and helical gear (26) fixedly connected to its lower end to move downward. Move until the piston rod retracts and start the motor (211). The motor (211) drives the helical gear (26) to rotate rapidly through the gear set (212), the rotating column (213) and the drive gear (214). The helical gear (26) is threadedly connected to the fixed column (27). During the threaded connection, the helical gear (26) drives the limiting ring (22) to descend. The lower inner wall of the limiting ring (22) presses the array of clamping pieces (24). The clamping pieces (24) then press and fix the lower surface of the milling cutter (4) for a second time until the helical gear (26) stops rotating.

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