A highly wear-resistant ceramic and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of wear-resistant ceramics, and specifically discloses a highly wear-resistant ceramic and a preparation method thereof. By adding alkaline earth metal oxides and zirconia into the ceramic, the internal density and toughness of the material are improved; by adding rare earth oxides and graphene oxide into the ceramic glaze, the surface flatness and wear resistance of the material are increased; by impregnating the material with alloy liquid and using alloy phases to enhance the toughness of the composite material, a composite material with good wear resistance and toughness is prepared.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wear-resistant ceramics, and specifically to a highly wear-resistant ceramic and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Wear-resistant materials are an important basic material, playing an important role in promoting and supporting the development of high-tech. In actual production, the damage of parts of most equipment is caused by various forms of wear. Using better wear-resistant materials can reduce the frequency of component replacement and lower the production cost of enterprises. With the continuous improvement of industrial demands and the rapid development of science and technology, it is necessary to find materials with higher wear resistance. Currently, the wear resistance of metal materials is insufficient. Compared with metal materials, ceramic materials have the advantages of high hardness, high wear resistance, corrosion resistance, etc. There is a view that ceramics and metals can be prepared into composite wear-resistant materials. However, at the microscopic level, the surface wettability between ceramics and metals is insufficient, and the bonding ability is not strong. Therefore, existing composite materials generally have problems such as poor bonding between ceramics and metals, poor wear resistance of the composite materials, and poor toughness. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a highly wear-resistant ceramic and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems of poor bonding between ceramics and metals, poor wear resistance of composite materials, and poor toughness.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A preparation method of a highly wear-resistant ceramic, and the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0006] Step 1: Mix aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, an additive, zirconia, and deionized water, and obtain a slurry through ball milling. Dry the slurry, grind it into fine powder, compact the fine powder into a shape, and sinter it to prepare a ceramic base material.

[0007] Step 2: Melt the glaze powder, quench it with deionized water, and obtain a glaze frit after drying. Mix the glaze frit, rare earth oxide, graphene oxide, and deionized water, and ball mill to prepare a glaze.

[0008] Step 3: After polishing the surface of the ceramic base material, coat the glaze on one side of the ceramic base material, and infiltrate the molten magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid on the other side to prepare a highly wear-resistant ceramic.

[0009] As a limitation of the present invention, the preparation of the ceramic base material is specifically as follows:

[0010] Mix aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, additive, zirconia, and deionized water in a mass ratio of (68 - 72):(20 - 22):(4 - 6):(3 - 5):(46 - 50), and ball mill to obtain a slurry. Dry the slurry at 100 - 110 °C for 10 - 14 h, grind to obtain fine powder, and compact and form the fine powder at 40 - 60 MPa to obtain a green ceramic body.

[0011] Heat the green ceramic body to 950 - 1050 °C at a heating rate of 8 - 12 °C / min, hold for 25 - 35 min, continue to heat to 1280 - 1320 °C at a heating rate of 4 - 6 °C / min, hold for 25 - 35 min, continue to heat to 1440 - 1460 °C at a heating rate of 1 - 3 °C / min, hold for 50 - 70 min, and then cool to obtain a ceramic base material.

[0012] As a limitation of the present invention, the preparation of the glaze is specifically as follows:

[0013] Fully melt the glaze powder at 950 - 1050 °C, quench with deionized water, and dry to obtain a glaze frit. Mix the glaze frit, rare earth oxide, graphene oxide, and deionized water in a mass ratio of (94 - 96):(0.05 - 0.2):(4.8 - 5):(48 - 52), and ball mill to obtain the glaze.

[0014] As a limitation of the present invention, the preparation of the high - wear - resistant ceramic is specifically as follows:

[0015] After surface grinding treatment of the ceramic base material, coat a layer of glaze with a thickness of 0.2 - 0.4 mm on one side of the ceramic base material, dry at 125 - 175 °C, heat to 490 - 510 °C at a heating rate of 8 - 12 °C / min, hold for 4 - 6 min; heat to 980 - 1020 °C at a heating rate of 7 - 9 °C / min, hold for 4 - 6 min, heat to 1200 - 1300 °C at a heating rate of 3 - 5 °C / min, sinter for 15 - 25 min, and then cool to obtain a glazed ceramic.

[0016] Heat the glazed ceramic to 700 - 900 °C and preheat for 8 - 12 min. Melt the magnesium - aluminum alloy at 900 - 1100 °C to obtain a magnesium - aluminum alloy liquid. Immerse the unglazed side of the ceramic into the magnesium - aluminum alloy liquid, react at 900 - 1100 °C for 1 - 3 h, continuously pass nitrogen for protection during the reaction, and cool after the reaction to obtain the high - wear - resistant ceramic.

[0017] As a limitation of the present invention, the additive is composed of polyvinyl alcohol, sodium metasilicate, and alkaline earth metal oxide mixed in a mass ratio of (6 - 8):(9 - 11):(9 - 11).

[0018] As a limitation of the present invention, the alkaline earth metal oxide is a complex of one or more of silica, magnesia, lime, and barium oxide.

[0019] As a limitation of the present invention, the glaze powder is obtained by separately pulverizing and mixing 10 - 12 parts by mass of dolomite, 11 - 13 parts by mass of cryolite, 19 - 21 parts by mass of calcite, 24 - 26 parts by mass of talc, 9 - 10 parts by mass of zinc carbonate, 6 - 7 parts by mass of sodium carbonate, 6 - 7 parts by mass of magnesium carbonate, and 9 - 10 parts by mass of manganese carbonate.

[0020] As a limitation of the present invention, the rare earth oxide is a complex of one or more of scandium oxide, gadolinium oxide, thulium oxide, ytterbium oxide, and lutetium oxide.

[0021] A high - wear - resistant ceramic is prepared by using the preparation method of a high - wear - resistant ceramic as described above.

[0022] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: The rare earth oxide in the glaze can inhibit grain growth, reduce ion segregation at grain boundaries and residual stress at grain boundaries, improve the flatness and compactness of the glaze, and reduce the appearance of surface micropores and cracks; The graphene oxide in the glaze can induce the precipitation of silica crystals, enhancing the hardness and wear resistance of the glaze surface; The aluminum - magnesium alloy phase infiltrated into the ceramic enhances the bonding ability between ceramic material particles, can inhibit the detachment of ceramic grains during friction and wear, reduce the peeling and falling off of ceramic grains, and strengthen the impact resistance of the composite material; Zirconia undergoes martensitic transformation during cooling from high temperature to room temperature, with volume expansion, reducing the number of internal cracks in the ceramic and increasing the internal density of the ceramic; The alkaline earth metal oxide can form a thin layer on the ceramic grain boundaries at high temperature, inhibit grain growth, increase the number of small - sized ceramic grains, narrow the grain boundaries, improve the bonding strength between ceramic grains, and enhance the toughness of the ceramic. Specific Embodiments

[0023] The following are the preferred embodiments of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. For those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Polyvinyl alcohol (P140398) and sodium metasilicate (S102095) are provided by Shanghai Aladdin, magnesium - aluminum alloy (5052 alloy) is provided by Suzhou Changshuo, dolomite (purity 98%), cryolite (purity 98%), calcite (purity 98%) are provided by Wuhan Jiyesheng, and talc (purity 98%) is provided by Guangxi Longsheng Huamei.

[0025] Example 1: A preparation method of a high - wear - resistant ceramic, specifically as follows:

[0026] Mix polyvinyl alcohol, sodium metasilicate, and magnesium oxide in a mass ratio of 7:10:10 to make an additive. Mix aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, the additive, zirconia, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 70:21:5:4:48, and perform ball milling to obtain a slurry. The ball milling time is 24 h, and the ball milling speed is 270 rpm. Dry the slurry at 105 °C for 12 h, and grind it into fine powder smaller than 200 mesh. Compact and form the powder at 50 MPa to obtain a green ceramic body.

[0027] Heat the green ceramic body to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, hold for 30 min, continue to heat to 1300 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C / min, hold for 30 min, continue to heat to 1450 °C at a heating rate of 2 °C / min, hold for 60 min, and then cool to obtain a ceramic base material.

[0028] Take dolomite, cryolite, calcite, talc, zinc carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and manganese carbonate in a mass ratio of 12:13:21:26:10:7:7:10, crush them, mix them evenly, fully melt them at 1000 °C, quench them with deionized water, and dry them to obtain a frit for glaze. Mix the frit for glaze, scandium oxide, graphene oxide, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 95:0.1:4.9:50, and perform ball milling. The ball milling time is 6 h, and the ball milling speed is 300 rpm to obtain the glaze.

[0029] After grinding the surface of the ceramic base material with a grinding wheel, brush a layer of glaze on one side of the ceramic base material with a brush. After drying at room temperature, measure the thickness of the glaze layer. Continue to brush the glaze and dry it until the measured thickness of the glaze layer after drying is 0.3 mm. Dry the ceramic at 150 °C, heat it to 500 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, hold for 5 min; heat it to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 8 °C / min, hold for 5 min, heat it to 1250 °C at a heating rate of 4 °C / min, sinter for 20 min, and then cool to obtain the glazed ceramic.

[0030] Heat the glazed ceramic to 800 °C for preheating for 10 min. Melt the magnesium-aluminum alloy at 1050 °C to obtain a magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid. Immerse the unglazed side of the ceramic into the magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid, react at 1050 °C for 2 h, continuously introduce nitrogen for protection during the reaction, and cool after the reaction to obtain the high wear-resistant ceramic.

[0031] Example 2: A method for preparing a high wear-resistant ceramic, specifically as follows:

[0032] Mix polyvinyl alcohol, sodium metasilicate, and magnesium oxide in a mass ratio of 7:10:10. Mix aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, additive, zirconia, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 68:20:4:3:46, and ball mill to obtain a slurry. The ball milling time is 24 h and the ball milling speed is 270 rpm. Dry the slurry at 105 °C for 12 h, and grind it into fine powder smaller than 200 mesh. Compact the powder at 50 MPa to form a green ceramic body;

[0033] Heat the green ceramic body to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, hold for 30 min, continue to heat to 1300 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C / min, hold for 30 min, continue to heat to 1450 °C at a heating rate of 2 °C / min, hold for 60 min, and then cool to obtain a ceramic base material;

[0034] Take dolomite, cryolite, calcite, talc, zinc carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and manganese carbonate in a mass ratio of 10:11:19:24:9:6:6:9, crush them, mix evenly, fully melt at 1000 °C, quench with deionized water, and dry to obtain a frit for glaze. Mix the frit for glaze, scandium oxide, graphene oxide, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 95:0.1:4.9:50, and ball mill. The ball milling time is 6 h and the ball milling speed is 300 rpm to obtain a glaze;

[0035] After grinding the surface of the ceramic base material with a grinding wheel, brush a layer of glaze on one side of the ceramic base material, dry it at room temperature, measure the thickness of the glaze layer, continue to brush the glaze and dry it until the measured thickness of the glaze layer is 0.3 mm after drying. Dry the ceramic at 150 °C, heat it to 500 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, hold for 5 min; heat it to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 8 °C / min, hold for 5 min, heat it to 1250 °C at a heating rate of 4 °C / min, sinter for 20 min, and cool to obtain a glazed ceramic;

[0036] Heat the glazed ceramic to 800 °C and preheat for 10 min. Melt the magnesium-aluminum alloy at 1050 °C to obtain a magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid. Immerse the unglazed side of the ceramic into the magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid, react at 1050 °C for 2 h, continuously pass nitrogen for protection during the reaction, and cool after the reaction to obtain a highly wear-resistant ceramic.

[0037] Example 3: A method for preparing a highly wear-resistant ceramic, specifically as follows:

[0038] Mix polyvinyl alcohol, sodium metasilicate, and magnesium oxide in a mass ratio of 7:10:10. Mix aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, additive, zirconia, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 72:22:6:5:50, and perform ball milling to obtain a slurry. The ball milling time is 24 h and the ball milling speed is 270 rpm. Dry the slurry at 105 °C for 12 h, grind it into fine powder with a particle size less than 200 mesh, and compact the powder at 50 MPa to obtain a green ceramic body;

[0039] Heat the green ceramic body to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, hold for 30 min, continue to heat to 1300 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C / min, hold for 30 min, continue to heat to 1450 °C at a heating rate of 2 °C / min, hold for 60 min, and then cool to obtain a ceramic base material;

[0040] Take dolomite, cryolite, calcite, talc, zinc carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and manganese carbonate in a mass ratio of 12:13:21:26:10:7:7:10, crush them, mix them evenly, fully melt them at 1000 °C, quench them with deionized water, and dry them to obtain a frit for glaze. Mix the frit for glaze, scandium oxide, graphene oxide, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 95:0.1:4.9:50, and perform ball milling. The ball milling time is 6 h and the ball milling speed is 300 rpm to obtain a glaze;

[0041] After grinding the surface of the ceramic base material with a grinding wheel, brush a layer of glaze on one side of the ceramic base material, dry it at room temperature, measure the thickness of the glaze layer, continue to brush the glaze and dry it until the measured thickness of the glaze layer is 0.3 mm after drying. Dry the ceramic at 150 °C, heat it to 500 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, hold for 5 min; heat it to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 8 °C / min, hold for 5 min, heat it to 1250 °C at a heating rate of 4 °C / min, sinter for 20 min, and cool to obtain a glazed ceramic;

[0042] Heat the glazed ceramic to 800 °C for preheating for 10 min. Melt the magnesium-aluminum alloy at 1050 °C to obtain a magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid. Immerse the unglazed side of the ceramic into the magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid, react at 1050 °C for 2 h, continuously introduce nitrogen for protection during the reaction, and cool after the reaction to obtain a highly wear-resistant ceramic.

[0043] Based on Example 1 below, control experiments are carried out, specifically Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3, as described below:

[0044] Comparative Example 1: Do not add alkaline earth metal oxides, and the other conditions are carried out according to those in Example 1.

[0045] A preparation method of a highly wear-resistant ceramic, specifically:

[0046] Mix polyvinyl alcohol and sodium metasilicate in a mass ratio of 7:10 to make an additive. Mix aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, the additive, zirconia, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 70:21:5:4:48, and perform ball milling to obtain a slurry. The ball milling time is 24 h, and the ball milling speed is 270 rpm. Dry the slurry at 105 °C for 12 h, and grind it into fine powder smaller than 200 mesh. Compact the powder at 50 MPa to form a green ceramic body;

[0047] Heat the green ceramic body to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, hold for 30 min, continue to heat to 1300 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C / min, hold for 30 min, continue to heat to 1450 °C at a heating rate of 2 °C / min, hold for 60 min, and then cool to obtain a ceramic base material;

[0048] Take dolomite, cryolite, calcite, talc, zinc carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and manganese carbonate in a mass ratio of 12:13:21:26:10:7:7:10, crush them, mix them evenly, fully melt them at 1000 °C, quench them with deionized water, and dry them to obtain a frit for glaze. Mix the frit for glaze, scandium oxide, graphene oxide, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 95:0.1:4.9:50, and perform ball milling. The ball milling time is 6 h, and the ball milling speed is 300 rpm to obtain a glaze;

[0049] After grinding the surface of the ceramic base material with a grinding wheel, brush a layer of glaze on one side of the ceramic base material, dry it at room temperature, measure the thickness of the glaze layer, continue to brush the glaze and dry it until the measured thickness of the glaze layer is 0.3 mm after drying. Dry the ceramic at 150 °C, heat it to 500 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, hold for 5 min; heat it to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 8 °C / min, hold for 5 min, heat it to 1250 °C at a heating rate of 4 °C / min, sinter for 20 min, and cool to obtain a glazed ceramic;

[0050] Heat the glazed ceramic to 800 °C for preheating for 10 min. Melt the magnesium-aluminum alloy at 1050 °C to obtain a magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid. Immerse the unglazed side of the ceramic into the magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid, react at 1050 °C for 2 h, continuously pass nitrogen for protection during the reaction, and cool after the reaction to obtain a highly wear-resistant ceramic.

[0051] Comparative Example 2: Do not add zirconia to the ceramic base material, and the remaining conditions are carried out as in Example 1.

[0052] A preparation method of a highly wear-resistant ceramic, specifically:

[0053] Mix polyvinyl alcohol, sodium metasilicate, and magnesium oxide in a mass ratio of 7:10:10 to make an additive. Mix aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, the additive, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 70:26:4:48, and perform ball milling to obtain a slurry. The ball milling time is 24 h, and the ball milling speed is 270 rpm. Dry the slurry at 105 °C for 12 h, and grind it into fine powder smaller than 200 mesh. Compact and form the powder at 50 MPa to obtain a green ceramic body.

[0054] Heat the green ceramic body to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, hold for 30 min, continue to heat to 1300 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C / min, hold for 30 min, continue to heat to 1450 °C at a heating rate of 2 °C / min, hold for 60 min, and then cool to obtain a ceramic base material.

[0055] Take dolomite, cryolite, calcite, talc, zinc carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and manganese carbonate in a mass ratio of 12:13:21:26:10:7:7:10, crush them, mix them evenly, fully melt them at 1000 °C, quench them with deionized water, and dry them to obtain a frit for glaze. Mix the frit for glaze, scandium oxide, graphene oxide, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 95:0.1:4.9:50, and perform ball milling. The ball milling time is 6 h, and the ball milling speed is 300 rpm to obtain a glaze.

[0056] After grinding the surface of the ceramic base material with a grinding wheel, brush a layer of glaze on one side of the ceramic base material with a brush. After drying at room temperature, measure the thickness of the glaze layer, continue to brush the glaze and dry it until the measured thickness of the glaze layer is 0.3 mm after drying. Dry the ceramic at 150 °C, heat it to 500 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, hold for 5 min; heat it to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 8 °C / min, hold for 5 min, heat it to 1250 °C at a heating rate of 4 °C / min, sinter for 20 min, and cool to obtain a glazed ceramic.

[0057] Heat the glazed ceramic to 800 °C for preheating for 10 min. Melt the magnesium-aluminum alloy at 1050 °C to obtain a magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid. Immerse the unglazed side of the ceramic into the magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid and react at 1050 °C for 2 h. Continuously introduce nitrogen for protection during the reaction. After the reaction, cool to obtain a highly wear-resistant ceramic.

[0058] Comparative Example 3: Do not perform the treatment of infiltrating the alloy liquid on the ceramic, and the remaining conditions are carried out according to those in Example 1.

[0059] A preparation method of a highly wear-resistant ceramic, specifically:

[0060] Mix polyvinyl alcohol, sodium metasilicate, and magnesium oxide in a mass ratio of 7:10:10 to make an additive. Mix aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, the additive, zirconia, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 70:21:5:4:48, and carry out ball milling to obtain a slurry. The ball milling time is 24 h, and the ball milling speed is 270 rpm. Dry the slurry at 105 °C for 12 h, grind it into fine powder smaller than 200 mesh, and compact and form the powder at 50 MPa to obtain a green ceramic body;

[0061] Heat the green ceramic body to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, hold for 30 min, continue to heat to 1300 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C / min, hold for 30 min, continue to heat to 1450 °C at a heating rate of 2 °C / min, hold for 60 min, and then cool to obtain a ceramic base material;

[0062] Take dolomite, cryolite, calcite, talc, zinc carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and manganese carbonate in a mass ratio of 12:13:21:26:10:7:7:10, crush them, mix them evenly, fully melt them at 1000 °C, quench them with deionized water, and dry them to obtain a frit for glaze. Mix the frit for glaze, scandium oxide, graphene oxide, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 95:0.1:4.9:50, and carry out ball milling. The ball milling time is 6 h, and the ball milling speed is 300 rpm to obtain the glaze;

[0063] After grinding the surface of the ceramic base material with a grinding wheel, brush a layer of glaze on one side of the ceramic base material with a brush. After drying at room temperature, measure the thickness of the glaze layer, continue to brush the glaze and dry it until the measured thickness of the glaze layer after drying is 0.3 mm. Dry the ceramic at 150 °C, heat it to 500 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, hold for 5 min; heat it to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 8 °C / min, hold for 5 min, heat it to 1250 °C at a heating rate of 4 °C / min, sinter for 20 min, and cool to obtain a highly wear-resistant ceramic.

[0064] Comparative Example 4: Do not add graphene oxide to the glaze, and the other conditions are carried out as in Example 1.

[0065] A preparation method of a highly wear-resistant ceramic, specifically:

[0066] Mix polyvinyl alcohol, sodium metasilicate, and magnesium oxide in a mass ratio of 7:10:10 to make an additive. Mix aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, the additive, zirconia, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 70:21:5:4:48, and carry out ball milling to obtain a slurry. The ball milling time is 24 h, and the ball milling speed is 270 rpm. Dry the slurry at 105 °C for 12 h, grind it into fine powder smaller than 200 mesh, and compact and form the powder at 50 MPa to obtain a green ceramic body;

[0067] Heat the green ceramic blank to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, hold for 30 min, continue heating to 1300 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C / min, hold for 30 min, continue heating to 1450 °C at a heating rate of 2 °C / min, hold for 60 min, and then cool to obtain the ceramic base material;

[0068] Take dolomite, cryolite, calcite, talc, zinc carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and manganese carbonate according to a mass ratio of 12:13:21:26:10:7:7:10. Crush them, mix them evenly, fully melt them at 1000 °C, quench them with deionized water, and dry them to obtain the frit. Mix the frit, scandium oxide, and deionized water according to a mass ratio of 95:0.1:50, and ball mill for 6 h at a ball mill speed of 300 rpm to obtain the glaze;

[0069] After grinding the surface of the ceramic base material with a grinding wheel, brush a layer of glaze on one side of the ceramic base material. After drying at room temperature, measure the glaze layer thickness. Continue to brush the glaze and dry until the measured glaze layer thickness after drying is 0.3 mm. Dry the ceramic at 150 °C, heat it to 500 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, hold for 5 min; heat it to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 8 °C / min, hold for 5 min, heat it to 1250 °C at a heating rate of 4 °C / min, sinter for 20 min, and cool to obtain the glazed ceramic;

[0070] Heat the glazed ceramic to 800 °C and preheat for 10 min. Melt the magnesium-aluminum alloy at 1050 °C to obtain the magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid. Immerse the unglazed side of the ceramic into the magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid and react at 1050 °C for 2 h. Continuously pass nitrogen for protection during the reaction. After the reaction, cool to obtain the high wear-resistant ceramic.

[0071] Comparative Example 5: No rare earth oxide is added to the glaze, and the other conditions are carried out as in Example 1.

[0072] A preparation method of a high wear-resistant ceramic, specifically:

[0073] Mix polyvinyl alcohol, sodium metasilicate, and magnesium oxide according to a mass ratio of 7:10:10 to make an additive. Mix aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, the additive, zirconia, and deionized water according to a mass ratio of 70:21:5:4:48, and ball mill to obtain a slurry. The ball milling time is 24 h and the ball milling speed is 270 rpm. Dry the slurry at 105 °C for 12 h, grind it into fine powder smaller than 200 mesh, and compact and form the powder at 50 MPa to obtain the green ceramic blank;

[0074] Heat the green ceramic body to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, hold for 30 min, continue to heat to 1300 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C / min, hold for 30 min, continue to heat to 1450 °C at a heating rate of 2 °C / min, hold for 60 min, and then cool to obtain the ceramic base material;

[0075] Take dolomite, cryolite, calcite, talc, zinc carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and manganese carbonate according to a mass ratio of 12:13:21:26:10:7:7:10, crush them, mix them evenly, fully melt them at 1000 °C, quench them with deionized water, dry them to obtain the glaze frit. Mix the glaze frit, graphene oxide, and deionized water according to a mass ratio of 95:4.9:50, and ball mill for 6 h at a ball mill speed of 300 rpm to obtain the glaze;

[0076] After grinding the surface of the ceramic base material with a grinding wheel, brush a layer of glaze on one side of the ceramic base material, dry it at room temperature, measure the thickness of the glaze layer, continue to brush the glaze and dry it until the measured thickness of the glaze layer is 0.3 mm after drying. Dry the ceramic at 150 °C, heat it to 500 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min, hold for 5 min; heat it to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 8 °C / min, hold for 5 min, heat it to 1250 °C at a heating rate of 4 °C / min, sinter for 20 min, and cool to obtain the glazed ceramic;

[0077] Heat the glazed ceramic to 800 °C and preheat for 10 min. Melt the magnesium-aluminum alloy at 1050 °C to obtain the magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid. Immerse the unglazed side of the ceramic into the magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid and react at 1050 °C for 2 h. Continuously pass nitrogen for protection during the reaction, and cool after the reaction to obtain the high wear-resistant ceramic.

[0078] Detection experiment:

[0079] According to the preparation methods of Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5, prepare 8 ceramic specimens with a size of 300 mm × 300 mm × 2.5 mm, and conduct detection tests on the glazed side.

[0080] Wear resistance test: According to "Test methods for ceramic tiles - Part 7: Determination of surface wear resistance of glazed tiles" (GB / T 3810.7 - 2016). Cut 8 specimens with a size of 100 mm × 100 mm × 2.5 mm respectively with a cutting machine, dry them at 110 °C ± 5 °C, weigh the mass of each specimen, use corundum abrasive with a particle size of F80 conforming to ISO 8486-1 and deionized water as the grinding medium, grind at 6000 revolutions, and then dry at 115 °C to measure the wear loss of each specimen.

[0081] Fracture toughness test: 8 specimens of 25 mm × 5 mm × 2.5 mm in size were cut with a cutting machine, and the fracture toughness test was performed on the specimens using a CMT-5105 microcomputer-controlled universal material testing machine with a single-sided notched beam method.

[0082] Mohs hardness test: Use a cutting machine to cut 8 samples of 50mm×50mm×2.5mm in size, place the samples steadily on a hard support, select standard ores with different Mohs values ​​from small to large, use the edge of the ores to vertically scratch the surface of the sample, apply force evenly during the scratching process, and take the lowest hardness value that can just produce obvious scratches as the test result, and take the lowest value of all test values ​​of the sample as the test result.

[0083] Bending strength test: Use a cutting machine to cut 8 samples of 120mm×2.5mm×2.5mm in size, dry the samples at 115℃ to constant weight, and then cool them to room temperature. According to the "Bending Strength Test Method for Ceramic Materials" (GB / T 4741-1999), use a bending strength testing machine to test the bending strength of the samples. The results are as follows:

[0084]

[0085] Conclusion: It can be seen from the experiment that the performance of the ceramic samples prepared by Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 is better than that of the ceramic samples prepared by Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5. Compared with Example 1, the fracture toughness and flexural strength of the ceramic materials of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are significantly reduced; the fracture toughness and flexural strength of the ceramic material of Comparative Example 3 are significantly reduced; the wear and hardness of the ceramic materials of Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 5 are reduced. Therefore, the high wear-resistant ceramic of the present invention has high hardness and high wear resistance, and also has a certain toughness.

[0086] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with the technical field within the spirit and principle of the present invention and within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the protection scope of this application; in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Therefore, the protection scope of this application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing highly wear-resistant ceramics, characterized in that: The preparation method is specifically as follows: Step 1: mixing aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, additives, zirconium oxide, and deionized water in a mass ratio of (68-72):(20-22):(4-6):(3-5):(46-50), ball milling to obtain a slurry, drying the slurry at 100-110° C. for 10-14 hours, grinding to obtain a fine powder, and compacting the fine powder at 40-60 MPa to obtain a ceramic green body; Step 2: heating the ceramic green body to 950-1050° C. at a heating rate of 8-12° C. / min, keeping the temperature for 25-35 min, continuing to heat to 1280-1320° C. at a heating rate of 4-6° C. / min, keeping the temperature for 25-35 min, continuing to heat to 1440-1460° C. at a heating rate of 1-3° C. / min, keeping the temperature for 50-70 min, cooling to obtain a ceramic base material; Step 3: After melting the glaze powder, quenching it with deionized water, and drying it to obtain a glaze frit, mixing the glaze frit, rare earth oxide, graphene oxide and deionized water, and ball milling to prepare a glaze; Step 4: After grinding the surface of the ceramic base material, glaze is coated on one side of the ceramic base material, and the other side is infiltrated with molten magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid to prepare a highly wear-resistant ceramic; The additive is composed of polyvinyl alcohol, sodium metasilicate and alkaline earth metal oxide in a mass ratio of (6-8):(9-11):(9-11); The glaze powder is obtained by grinding and mixing 10-12 parts by weight of dolomite, 11-13 parts by weight of cryolite, 19-21 parts by weight of calcite, 24-26 parts by weight of talc, 9-10 parts by weight of zinc carbonate, 6-7 parts by weight of sodium carbonate, 6-7 parts by weight of magnesium carbonate and 9-10 parts by weight of manganese carbonate.

2. The method for preparing a highly wear-resistant ceramic according to claim 1, characterized in that: The glaze is prepared as follows: The glaze powder is fully melted at 950-1050° C., quenched with deionized water, and dried to obtain a glaze frit. The glaze frit, rare earth oxide, graphene oxide and deionized water are mixed in a mass ratio of (94-96):(0.05-0.2):(4.8-5):(48-52), and ball-milled to obtain a glaze.

3. The method for preparing a highly wear-resistant ceramic according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation of highly wear-resistant ceramics is specifically as follows: After grinding the surface of the ceramic base material, a layer of 0.2-0.4 mm glaze is coated on one side of the ceramic base material, dried at 125-175° C., heated to 490-510° C. at a heating rate of 8-12° C. / min, and kept warm for 4-6 minutes; heated to 980-1020° C. at a heating rate of 7-9° C. / min, and kept warm for 4-6 minutes; heated to 1200-1300° C. at a heating rate of 3-5° C. / min, sintered for 15-25 minutes, and cooled to obtain glazed ceramics; The glazed ceramic is heated to 700-900°C and preheated for 8-12 minutes, the magnesium-aluminum alloy is melted at 900-1100°C to obtain a magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid, the unglazed side of the ceramic is immersed in the magnesium-aluminum alloy liquid, and the reaction is carried out at 900-1100°C for 1-3 hours. Nitrogen protection is continuously passed during the reaction. After the reaction is completed, it is cooled to obtain a highly wear-resistant ceramic.

4. The method for preparing a highly wear-resistant ceramic according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alkaline earth metal oxide is one or more composites of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and barium oxide.

5. The method for preparing a highly wear-resistant ceramic according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rare earth oxide is one or more compounds of scandium oxide, gadolinium oxide, thulium oxide, ytterbium oxide and lutetium oxide.

6. A highly wear-resistant ceramic, made by the preparation method of a highly wear-resistant ceramic according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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