A rapid flow desalination device and method based on cultural relic connected porous structure

Abstract

The application relates to a fast-flow desalination device and method based on cultural relics connected porous structures, which comprises a pressure water supply assembly, a sealing protection assembly and a waste liquid collection assembly, the sealing protection assembly is internally provided with porous cultural relics, is used for sealing protection, shaping and desalination treatment of various porous cultural relics, an inlet section of the sealing protection assembly is connected with the pressure water supply assembly, the pressure water supply assembly is used for providing water driving force, an outlet section of the sealing protection assembly is connected with the waste liquid collection assembly, the waste liquid collection assembly is used for collecting salt-containing waste water, the sealing protection assembly comprises an outer shaping layer and an inner sealing protection layer, the shaping layer is used for sealing of the device and shaping of the porous cultural relics, and the sealing protection layer is used for sealing protection and reinforcement of the surface of the porous cultural relics. Compared with the prior art, the application has high desalination effect on the porous cultural relics affected by salt damage.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of cultural relic protection and restoration, and relates to a rapid flow desalination device and method based on the interconnected porous structure of cultural relics. BACKGROUND

[0002] Many cultural relics will be eroded by salt during burial or preservation. Salt erosion can cause corrosion and damage to the surface of cultural relics, which not only affects their appearance, but also threatens their integrity and historical value. Desalination treatment can effectively remove salt from cultural relics, thereby slowing down or preventing further damage, which is a crucial step in the process of cultural relic protection and restoration.

[0003] Traditional desalination methods for cultural relics often use immersion or spraying methods, but these methods have low efficiency, incomplete salt removal, and the risk of causing secondary damage to the cultural relics. Especially for cultural relics with complex porous structures, such as porcelain, pottery, and wooden cultural relics, salt is more likely to hide inside them. Traditional methods are difficult to completely remove salt and are prone to damage to cultural relics.

[0004] Patent CN105642600A discloses a device and method for removing soluble salt contained in cultural relics by embedding method. The device includes an embedding box for containing cultural relics to be treated and embedding materials for embedding the cultural relics; a desalination box for containing the embedding box and performing desalination treatment on the cultural relics in the embedding box; a deionized water supply unit for providing deionized water to the desalination box; and a measuring unit for detecting the content of soluble salt ions in the desalination solution in the desalination box. Although this patent removes the soluble salt contained in cultural relics by embedding method, it still has the problems of long time consumption and low efficiency.

[0005] Patent CN116589302A discloses a desalination method for immovable brick and stone cultural relics. The salt is soluble sulfate or chloride salt. A double-layer sponge is applied with an external infrared heat source. The precipitant in the oil-absorbing sponge reacts rapidly with the soluble salt ions in the saturated sponge layer, causing a rapid decrease in the concentration of soluble salt ions around the contact surface, forming a concentration difference and accelerating the dissolution and ion migration of soluble salt in the cultural relics. At the same time, the external heat source can accelerate the evaporation of the solution outside the oil-absorbing sponge, thereby driving the outward migration of soluble salt ions and preventing the inward diffusion of the precipitant, which can form barium sulfate deposits inside the cultural relics. Although this patent can efficiently remove harmful soluble salt from cultural relics by reverse microemulsion method, it cannot ensure the complete removal of soluble salt inside the cultural relics. Moreover, the process of spraying and wrapping with sponge layer can easily cause damage to the cultural relics. During the rapid dissolution of crystalline salt contained in the cultural relics, a large stress release can occur on the inner walls of the pores, especially the loosely structured pores, leading to damage to the cultural relics during the desalination process. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art and provides a fast-flow desalination device and method based on the interconnected porous structure of cultural relics.

[0007] The object of the present application can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] One of the technical solutions of the present application is to provide a fast-flow desalination device based on the interconnected porous structure of cultural relics, which comprises a pressure water supply assembly, a sealing and protecting assembly, and a waste liquid collection assembly.

[0009] The inlet section of the sealing and protecting assembly is connected to the pressure water supply assembly, which is used to provide the driving force of water.

[0010] The outlet section of the sealing and protecting assembly is connected to the waste liquid collection assembly, which is used to collect salt-containing wastewater.

[0011] The sealing and protecting assembly comprises an outer shaping layer and an inner sealing and protecting layer, the shaping layer is used for sealing the device and shaping the porous cultural relics, and the sealing and protecting layer is used for sealing and reinforcing the surface of the porous cultural relics.

[0012] Further, the material of the shaping layer is selected from one of the conformal shaping materials such as paraffin sealing film and high molecular bandage.

[0013] Further, the material of the sealing and protecting layer is selected from one of the sealing materials such as non-woven fabric, sponge, and elastic hydrogel according to the characteristics of the porous cultural relics.

[0014] Further, the pressure water supply assembly comprises volumetric pumps such as peristaltic pumps, gear pumps, piston pumps, plunger pumps, and screw pumps, centrifugal pumps, axial flow pumps, or mixed flow pumps, which provide a certain flow driving force as needed to promote the directional transmission of water in the interconnected porous structure inside the porous cultural relics.

[0015] The waste liquid collection assembly adopts a liquid storage tank.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the material of the liquid storage tank is lightweight pressure-resistant plastic or carbon fiber.

[0017] Further, the water inlet of the pressure water supply assembly is connected to an external water source for providing water, and the water outlet of the pressure water supply assembly is connected to the inlet section of the sealing and protecting assembly through a pipeline.

[0018] The waste liquid collection assembly is connected to the outlet section of the sealing and protecting assembly through a pipeline.

[0019] Preferably, the water source comprises deionized water, distilled water or ultrapure water.

[0020] Further, the inlet section and the outlet section of the sealing assembly are transitioned and tightly wrapped by the shaping layer to the pipeline to ensure the air tightness of the device.

[0021] Further, the waste liquid collecting assembly is provided with a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure change in the device in real time and transmitting a signal to the pressure water supply assembly according to the detected pressure value;

[0022] When the pressure in the device exceeds or is lower than the set threshold value, the pressure sensor will immediately detect the change and transmit a signal to the pressure water supply assembly, and the pressure water supply assembly will increase or decrease the power output accordingly to adjust the flow rate of the water, so as to ensure the stability of the pressure in the desalination process of the porous cultural relics, and the dynamic adjustment mechanism not only ensures the safety of the desalination process of the porous cultural relics, but also improves the efficiency and effect of the desalination.

[0023] Preferably, the bottom of the waste liquid collecting assembly is provided with a drain for discharging the salt-containing wastewater.

[0024] Further, the device further comprises a pull-out detection assembly which is pull-outly installed at the outlet section of the sealing assembly for detecting the salt ion concentration in the salt-containing wastewater in real time and determining the desalination end point. The pull-out design makes it easy for the operator to take samples, thereby improving the convenience and humanization of the operation and taking into account the actual operation needs to provide a more convenient and effective working environment for the staff.

[0025] Further, the pull-out detection assembly comprises a salt concentration color developing test paper or an electric conductivity meter for detecting the salt ion concentration in the salt-containing wastewater in real time by measuring the color developing reaction or the electric conductivity.

[0026] Preferably, the salt ion concentration in the salt-containing wastewater is detected by the salt concentration color developing test paper; generally, the darker the color, the higher the salt ion concentration, and the salt concentration color developing test paper is the desalination end point when it does not develop color.

[0027] Preferably, the desalination end point is determined by detecting the electric conductivity of the salt-containing wastewater; the salt ion concentration in the salt-containing wastewater is detected by detecting the electric conductivity of the salt-containing wastewater to determine the desalination effect of the porous cultural relics; the higher the electric conductivity, the more salt substances in the porous cultural relics; the lower the electric conductivity, the less salt substances in the porous cultural relics; and the judgment threshold value of the electric conductivity is 1-5 μS / cm.

[0028] One of the technical solutions of the present application is to provide a rapid flow desalination method based on the communication porous structure of cultural relics, which uses the device to perform rapid flow desalination on the porous cultural relics, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0029] S1, according to the characteristics of the porous cultural relics, the porous cultural relics are wrapped with a sealing and protecting material, and then the porous cultural relics are reinforced with a shaping material, finally obtaining a three-layer structure of porous cultural relics-sealing and protecting layer-shaping layer, which can desalt each part of the porous cultural relics;

[0030] S2, the shaping material is wrapped at the connection of the pipelines of the communication pressure water supply assembly and the waste liquid collection assembly respectively, and the sealing and protecting assembly is connected with the pressure water supply assembly and the waste liquid collection assembly, so as to facilitate the cleaning of the porous cultural relics and the collection of the salt-containing waste water;

[0031] S3, the pressure water supply assembly is opened to provide a certain flow driving force, so that the pressure in the sealing and protecting assembly reaches a pressure threshold value, and the directional transmission of water in the internal communication porous structure of the porous cultural relics is promoted, and the pressure water supply assembly increases or reduces the power output according to the signal transmitted by the pressure sensor, so as to adjust the flow rate of water and ensure the stability of the pressure in the desalination process of the porous cultural relics;

[0032] S4, whether the desalination is completed is detected, when the desalination is not completed, step S3 is executed, and when the desalination is completed, step S5 is executed;

[0033] S5, the desalination is ended, the pressure water supply assembly is closed, and the porous cultural relics are taken out.

[0034] As a preferred technical solution, when the color of the salt concentration chromogenic test paper or the conductivity is higher than the set value, it indicates that the desalination is not complete, and the pressure water supply assembly needs to continue to operate for further desalination.

[0035] As a preferred technical solution, when the color of the salt concentration chromogenic test paper or the conductivity is lower than the set value, it indicates that the salt attached to the porous cultural relics is cleaned, and the desalination is ended.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] (1) The present application first uses an inner sealing and protecting material and an outer shaping material to form a sealing and protecting assembly, and then uses the sealing and protecting assembly to wrap the porous cultural relics, and performs necessary surface sealing and protecting and shaping treatment on the porous cultural relics; then water is introduced into the sealing and protecting assembly, and the flow driving force provided by the pressure water supply assembly is used to press the water into the interior of the porous cultural relics, so that the internal communication porous structure of the porous cultural relics becomes a water transmission channel, and the directional transmission of water in the interior of the porous cultural relics is promoted to realize desalination;

[0038] (2) The present application does not require a large soaking device, and the pressure water supply assembly accurately controls the water consumption, is fast and efficient, and does not cause secondary damage to cultural relics;

[0039] (3) The present application detects the salt ion concentration in the salt-containing wastewater in real time by pulling the detection assembly, determines the desalination endpoint, adopts a pullable design, so that the operator can easily sample, thereby improving the convenience and humanization of operation, and considering the needs of actual operation, provides a more convenient and effective working environment for the workers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a rapid flow desalination device based on a cultural relic connected porous structure in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 2 Figure 2 is a flow schematic diagram of a rapid flow desalination method based on a cultural relic connected porous structure in an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] MARKED DESCRIPTION IN THE FIGURE:

[0043] 1 - pressure water supply assembly, 2 - shaping layer, 3 - sealing layer, 4 - porous cultural relic, 5 - waste liquid collection assembly, 6 - pipeline, 7 - pullable detection assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present application, and detailed implementation and specific operation processes are given, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0045] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are used to describe common objects, only to indicate different instances of the same object, and do not imply that the objects thus described must be given in a given order, whether in time, space, order or any other manner.

[0046] In the description of the present application, it is necessary to point out that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "linking" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integrally connected; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0047] Embodiment:

[0048] A rapid flow desalination device based on the interconnected porous structure of cultural relics, as shown in Figure 1 The device includes a pressure water supply assembly 1, a sealing and protecting assembly, and a waste liquid collection assembly 5. The sealing and protecting assembly is provided with a porous cultural relic 4, which is used for sealing, shaping and desalination treatment of the porous cultural relic 4.

[0049] The inlet section of the sealing and protecting assembly is connected to the pressure water supply assembly 1, and the pressure water supply assembly 1 is used to provide the driving force of water.

[0050] The outlet section of the sealing and protecting assembly is connected to the waste liquid collection assembly 5, and the waste liquid collection assembly 5 is used to collect the salt-containing waste water.

[0051] The sealing and protecting assembly includes an outer shaping layer 2 and an inner sealing and protecting layer 3. The shaping layer 2 is used for sealing of the device and shaping of the porous cultural relic 4, and the sealing and protecting layer 3 is used for sealing and reinforcing the surface of the porous cultural relic 4.

[0052] The material of the shaping layer 2 is a conformal shaping material such as paraffin sealing film and high molecular bandage. In this embodiment, paraffin sealing film is preferred.

[0053] The material of the sealing and protecting layer 3 is a sealing and protecting material such as non-woven fabric, sponge and elastic hydrogel according to the characteristics of the porous cultural relic 4. In this embodiment, non-woven fabric is preferred.

[0054] The pressure water supply assembly 1 includes a volumetric pump such as peristaltic pump, gear pump, piston pump, plunger pump, screw pump, impeller pump such as centrifugal pump, axial flow pump or mixed flow pump. In this embodiment, peristaltic pump is preferred. The pressure water supply assembly 1 provides a certain flow driving force as needed to promote the directional transmission of water in the interconnected porous structure inside the porous cultural relic 4.

[0055] The water inlet of the pressure water supply assembly 1 is connected to an external water source, which is used to provide water. In this embodiment, deionized water is preferred. The water outlet of the pressure water supply assembly 1 is connected to the inlet section of the sealing and protecting assembly through a pipeline 6.

[0056] The waste liquid collection assembly 5 is selected from a liquid storage tank.

[0057] In the embodiment, the material of the liquid storage tank is light pressure-resistant plastic or carbon fiber, and the light pressure-resistant plastic is preferred in the embodiment, which meets the requirements of GB / T 34329-2017 "General Requirements for Fiber Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels";

[0058] The waste liquid collecting assembly 5 is communicated with the outlet section of the sealing assembly through the pipeline 6;

[0059] The inlet section and the outlet section of the sealing assembly are transitioned and tightly wrapped by the shaping layer 2 to the pipeline 6 to ensure the air tightness of the device;

[0060] The pressure sensor is arranged on the waste liquid collecting assembly 5, which is used to monitor the pressure change in the device in real time and transmit a signal to the pressure water supply assembly 1 according to the detected pressure value;

[0061] When the pressure in the device exceeds or is lower than the set threshold value, the pressure sensor will immediately detect the change and transmit a signal to the pressure water supply assembly 1, and the pressure water supply assembly 1 will increase or decrease the power output accordingly to adjust the flow rate of the water, so as to stabilize the pressure in the desalination process of the porous cultural relics 4, and the dynamic adjustment mechanism not only ensures the safety of the desalination process of the porous cultural relics 4, but also improves the efficiency and effect of the desalination;

[0062] The bottom of the waste liquid collecting assembly 5 is provided with a drain for discharging the salt-containing wastewater;

[0063] The device further comprises a pull-out detection assembly 7, which is pull-out mounted on the outlet section of the sealing assembly and is used to detect the salt ion concentration in the salt-containing wastewater in real time to determine the desalination endpoint. The pull-out design makes it easy for the operator to take samples, thereby improving the convenience and humanization of the operation, and taking into account the actual operation needs, it provides a more convenient and effective working environment for the staff;

[0064] The pull-out detection assembly 7 comprises a salt concentration colorimetric test paper or an electric conductivity meter, which detects the salt ion concentration in the salt-containing wastewater by measuring the colorimetric reaction or electric conductivity in real time;

[0065] In some embodiments, the salt ion concentration in the salt-containing wastewater is detected by the salt concentration colorimetric test paper; generally, the deeper the color, the higher the salt ion concentration, and when the salt concentration colorimetric test paper does not show color, it can be considered as the desalination endpoint;

[0066] In other embodiments, the desalination endpoint is determined by detecting the conductivity of the salt-containing wastewater; by detecting the conductivity of the salt-containing wastewater, the salt ion concentration in the salt-containing wastewater can be detected to determine the desalination effect of the porous cultural relics 4; the higher the conductivity, the more salt substances in the porous cultural relics 4; the lower the conductivity, the less salt substances in the porous cultural relics 4; the conductivity threshold is 1-5 μS / cm, which can be preferably 3 μS / cm.

[0067] A rapid flow desalination method based on the interconnected porous structure of cultural relics, as shown in Figure 2 The rapid flow desalination of the porous cultural relics using the above device is shown in the specific steps as follows:

[0068] S1, according to the characteristics of the porous cultural relics 4, the porous cultural relics 4 are wrapped with a sealing and protecting material, then the porous cultural relics 4 are reinforced with a shaping material, and finally a three-layer structure of the porous cultural relics 4-sealing and protecting layer 3-shaping layer 2 is obtained, which can desalinate each part of the porous cultural relics 4;

[0069] S2, the shaping material is wrapped at the connection of the pipeline 6 of the interconnected pressure water supply assembly 1 and the waste liquid collection assembly 5, respectively, and the sealing and protecting assembly connects the pressure water supply assembly 1 and the waste liquid collection assembly 5, so as to facilitate the cleaning of the porous cultural relics 4 and the collection of the salt-containing wastewater;

[0070] S3, the pressure water supply assembly 1 is opened to provide a certain flow driving force, so that the pressure in the sealing and protecting assembly reaches the pressure threshold, promoting the directional transmission of water in the interconnected porous structure inside the porous cultural relics 4, and the pressure water supply assembly 1 will increase or decrease the power output accordingly according to the signal transmitted by the pressure sensor, so as to adjust the flow rate of water and ensure the stability of the pressure in the desalination process of the porous cultural relics 4;

[0071] S4, whether the desalination is completed is detected, when the desalination is not completed, step S3 is executed, and when the desalination is completed, step S5 is executed;

[0072] When the color of the salt concentration color developing test paper, or the conductivity is higher than the set value, it indicates that the desalination is not complete, and the pressure water supply assembly 1 needs to continue to run for further desalination;

[0073] S5, the desalination is ended, the pressure water supply assembly 1 is closed, and the porous cultural relics 4 are taken out;

[0074] When the color of the salt concentration color developing test paper, or the conductivity is lower than the set value, it indicates that the salt substances attached to the porous cultural relics 4 are cleaned, and the desalination is ended.

[0075] The porous cultural relic 4 is wrapped in the sealing and protecting assembly, and the sealing and protecting and shaping treatment are performed on the porous cultural relic 4 and a closed environment is provided, the pressure water supply assembly 1 increases or reduces the power output according to the signal transmitted by the pressure sensor, and then the pressure in the device is adjusted. In this case, the internal communication porous structure of the porous cultural relic 4 can become a water transmission channel. The present application does not need a large soaking device, and compared with soaking desalination, the pressure water supply assembly accurately controls the water consumption, reduces the desalination time and improves the desalination efficiency, and protects the cultural relic from mechanical damage.

[0076] In the surface sealing and protecting and shaping process of the porous cultural relic 4, the inner layer sealing and protecting material is used to seal and protect the porous cultural relic 4, and then the outer layer shaping material is wrapped outside the inner layer sealing and protecting material to shape. At the same time, the first end and the second end of the shaping material are sealed at the interface with the pressure water supply assembly 1 and the waste liquid collecting assembly 5, which not only protects the surface of the porous cultural relic 4, but also fully utilizes the internal structure of the porous cultural relic 4, and provides a more efficient and more environmentally friendly solution for cultural relic protection.

[0077] The above description of the embodiments is for the purpose of facilitating the understanding and use of the present application by those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art can obviously make various modifications to the embodiments, and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative labor. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and the improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of the present application without departing from the scope of the present application should be within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A rapid flow desalination device based on a porous structure connected to cultural relics, characterized in that, The device includes a pressurized water supply component (1), a sealing component, and a waste liquid collection component (5). The sealing component contains porous artifacts (4) and is used for sealing, shaping, and desalination of various porous artifacts (4). The inlet section of the sealing assembly is connected to a pressurized water supply assembly (1), which is used to provide the driving force of water. The outlet section of the sealing assembly is connected to a waste liquid collection assembly (5), which is used to collect saline wastewater. The sealing assembly includes an outer shaping layer (2) and an inner sealing layer (3). The shaping layer (2) is used for sealing the device and shaping the porous artifact (4). The sealing layer (3) is used for sealing and reinforcing the surface of the porous artifact (4). An inner sealing material and an outer shaping material are combined to form a sealing component. The sealing component is used to wrap the porous cultural relic (4), and the porous cultural relic (4) is subjected to necessary surface sealing and shaping treatment and provided with a sealed environment. Then, water is introduced into the sealing component. The water is forced into the interior of the porous cultural relic (4) by the flow driving force provided by the pressurized water supply component (1), so that the interior of the porous cultural relic (4) is connected to the porous structure to become a water transport channel, and promotes the directional transport of water along the interior of the porous cultural relic (4) to achieve desalination.

2. The rapid flow desalination device based on a porous structure connected to cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the shaping layer (2) is selected from paraffin sealing film and polymer bandage, which are conformal shaping materials.

3. The rapid flow desalination device based on a porous structure connected to cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the sealing layer (3) is selected from one of the following sealing materials: non-woven fabric, sponge, and elastic hydrogel.

4. The rapid flow desalination device based on a porous structure connected to cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressurized water supply assembly (1) includes a peristaltic pump, gear pump, piston pump, plunger pump, screw pump, centrifugal pump, axial flow pump or mixed flow pump. The waste liquid collection component (5) is a storage tank.

5. The rapid flow desalination device based on a porous structure connected to cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet of the pressurized water supply component (1) is connected to an external water source, and the outlet of the pressurized water supply component (1) is connected to the inlet section of the sealing component through a pipeline (6). The waste liquid collection component (5) is connected to the outlet section of the sealing component through a pipeline (6).

6. A rapid flow desalination device based on a porous structure connected to cultural relics according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inlet and outlet sections of the sealing assembly are transitioned and tightly wrapped by the shaping layer (2) to the pipeline (6).

7. A rapid flow desalination device based on a porous structure connected to cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pressure sensor is installed on the waste liquid collection assembly (5).

8. The rapid flow desalination device based on a porous structure connected to cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes a pull-out detection component (7), which is pull-out installed at the outlet section of the sealing component.

9. A rapid flow desalination device based on a porous structure connected to cultural relics according to claim 8, characterized in that, The pull-out detection component (7) includes salt concentration colorimetric test paper or conductivity meter.

10. A rapid flow desalination method based on the interconnected porous structure of cultural relics, characterized in that, This method employs the apparatus described in any one of claims 1 to 9 to perform rapid flow desalination on porous cultural relics, and the method includes the following steps: S1. Wrap the porous artifact (4) with sealing material, then reinforce the porous artifact (4) with shaping material, and finally obtain a three-layer structure of porous artifact (4) - sealing layer (3) - shaping layer (2); S2, The sealing assembly connects the pressurized water supply assembly (1) and the waste liquid collection assembly (5); S3. Open the pressure water supply component (1) so that the pressure in the sealing component reaches the pressure threshold, which promotes the directional transmission of water in the porous structure of the porous cultural relic (4). S4. Check if desalination is complete. If desalination is not complete, proceed to step S3. If desalination is complete, proceed to step S5. S5. End desalination, shut off the pressurized water supply component (1), and remove the porous artifact (4).

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