Fuel additive for improving anti-knock performance of gasoline and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of gasoline additives, and specifically relates to a fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline and a preparation method thereof. The fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline is composed of the following raw materials: acetaldehyde glycol acetal, 2-isopropylphenol, trimethylsilyl acetate tert-butyl ester, monoalkenyl succinimide, dimethyl silicone oil, tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphite and octadecyl cyclohexane. The fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline of the present invention uses acetaldehyde glycol acetal, 2-isopropylphenol and trimethylsilyl acetate tert-butyl ester as the main anti-knock components, and the three act synergistically, by changing the combustion process of gasoline, controlling the combustion speed to a certain extent, while increasing the octane number of gasoline, it has no adverse effect on the engine of the car, so that it has excellent anti-knock performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of gasoline additives, and specifically relates to a fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Antiknock agent, also known as octane improver, can be said to be the most important gasoline additive, which directly affects the combustion performance of gasoline. When the octane number of gasoline matches the compression ratio of the engine, the mixture of gasoline vapor and air is compressed in the cylinder, and its temperature rises. Once ignited by the electric spark, it will ignite and burn layer by layer with the spark plug as the center, and spread smoothly to the unburned area. At this time, the temperature and pressure in the cylinder change evenly, and the engine works normally. When using low-octane gasoline, a large amount of unstable peroxides have been formed in the mixture in places where the flame front has not yet spread, and spontaneous combustion forms multiple combustion centers. The shock waves generated collide with each other, violently hit the piston head and cylinder, and make a metallic knocking sound, which is the detonation phenomenon. The detonation phenomenon not only reduces the economy, power and thermal efficiency of the engine, but also damages the engine parts and shortens the engine's service life.

[0003] Octane number is an indicator of fuel anti-knock performance. The higher the octane number, the stronger the anti-knock performance. To produce high-quality, high-octane unleaded gasoline for vehicles, the key issue is to increase the octane number of gasoline. There are usually three ways to increase the octane number: (1) to increase the octane number of gasoline through petroleum refining methods such as catalytic cracking, reforming, and alkylation, but there are problems such as high process conditions, long cycle, and large investment; (2) to increase the octane number of gasoline by adding gasoline components with different octane numbers to gasoline in the optimal proportion, but there is a problem of high production cost; (3) to increase the octane number of gasoline by adding gasoline anti-knock agents to gasoline. Compared with the first two methods, method (3) is simple and flexible to operate, has obvious effects, and is economical. It is also the most commonly used method in the petroleum refining industry.

[0004] Patent CN1394940A discloses a gasoline antiknock agent and its production process, the raw material components of which are α-methylaniline, methyl tert-butyl ether, toluene, straight-run gasoline, raffinate and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol. The gasoline antiknock agent has excellent antiknock performance, but the proportion of α-methylaniline in the components is relatively large, which increases the NO in the tail gas. x emissions; methyl tert-butyl ether will pollute groundwater sources and cause environmental pollution, so it is necessary to find new additives to replace these two components.

[0005] In summary, the current gasoline antiknock agents are prone to environmental pollution, will cause wear and damage to the engine, and have limited effect on increasing the octane number. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a new type of fuel additive that can improve the antiknock performance of gasoline. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline, wherein the fuel additive can improve the octane number of gasoline and inhibit the wear and damage of gasoline to automobile engines. In addition, the present invention also provides a preparation method thereof.

[0007] The fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline of the present invention is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-22 parts of acetaldehyde glycol acetal, 14-16 parts of 2-isopropylphenol, 25-27 parts of trimethylsilyl tert-butyl acetate, 0.4-0.7 parts of monoolefin succinimide, 0.5-0.8 parts of dimethyl silicone oil, 0.3-0.6 parts of tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate, and 0.6-0.8 parts of n-octadecyl cyclohexane.

[0008] Preferably, the fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline described in the present invention is composed of the following raw materials, measured in parts by weight: 21 parts of acetaldehyde glycol acetal, 15 parts of 2-isopropylphenol, 26 parts of trimethylsilyl acetate tert-butyl ester, 0.6 parts of monoolefin succinimide, 0.7 parts of dimethyl silicone oil, 0.5 parts of tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate, and 0.7 parts of n-octadecyl cyclohexane.

[0009] The fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline of the present invention is mainly anti-knock components of acetaldehyde glycol acetal, 2-isopropylphenol and trimethylsilyl acetate tert-butyl ester, and the three act synergistically to improve the anti-knock performance of the fuel additive. Wherein, trimethylsilyl acetate tert-butyl ester achieves the purpose of reducing or eliminating peroxides through electron transfer means and active peroxide action, and the oxygen atoms contained in it can participate in combustion, thereby improving the combustion process, increasing the ignition speed, and increasing the octane number of gasoline, but does not increase engine wear. Acetaldehyde glycol acetal improves the anti-knock performance of gasoline by preventing gasoline from spontaneous combustion, thereby effectively improving the combustion performance of gasoline, and it itself has the advantages of environmental protection and regeneration. 2-isopropylphenol produces stable free radicals when decomposing, which is conducive to the reaction of peroxide free radicals to generate stable molecules, and to prevent chain propagation to a certain extent, so that it has very high anti-knock activity. Therefore, acetaldehyde glycol acetal, 2-isopropylphenol and trimethylsilyl acetate are used in combination to ensure the anti-knock performance of the fuel additive through different modes of action.

[0010] In addition, the fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline described in the present invention also adds monoalkenyl succinimide, dimethyl silicone oil, tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate and octadecyl cyclohexane. Among them, the addition of monoalkenyl succinimide can increase the low-temperature stability of the fuel additive system, so that the colloid content of the fuel increases slowly; dimethyl silicone oil has good water resistance, so that a small amount of water can be stably present in gasoline; tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate has a high sterilization rate against iron bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria, which can reduce or prevent the growth of microorganisms, thereby ensuring the stability of the gasoline system; octadecyl cyclohexane can isolate gasoline from the surface of the internal combustion engine, forming an effective protection for various parts of the internal combustion engine.

[0011] The method for preparing the fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline according to the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0012] (1) uniformly mixing acetaldehyde ethylene glycol acetal, 2-isopropylphenol and tert-butyl trimethylsilyl acetate to prepare a first mixed system;

[0013] (2) uniformly mixing monoalkenyl succinimide, dimethyl silicone oil and octadecyl cyclohexane to prepare a second mixed system;

[0014] (3) The second mixed system is added to the first mixed system, and then tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is added and mixed evenly to prepare a fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline.

[0015] in:

[0016] The mixing temperature of step (1) is 18-20°C and the mixing time is 15-20 minutes.

[0017] The mixing temperature of step (2) is 10-15°C and the mixing time is 10-15min.

[0018] The mixing temperature of step (3) is room temperature and the mixing time is 8-12 minutes.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) The fuel additive for improving the antiknock performance of gasoline described in the present invention uses acetaldehyde glycol acetal, 2-isopropylphenol and tert-butyl trimethylsilyl acetate as main antiknock components. The three components work synergistically to change the combustion process of gasoline and control the combustion speed to a certain extent. While improving the octane number of gasoline, it has no adverse effect on the engine of the car, so that the gasoline has excellent antiknock performance.

[0021] (2) The fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline described in the present invention increases the stability of the fuel additive system by adding monoalkenyl succinimide, dimethyl silicone oil, tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate and n-octadecyl cyclohexane, and can effectively inhibit the wear of gasoline on automobile engines.

[0022] (3) The method for preparing the fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline according to the present invention has a wide source of raw materials, a simple process, and good stability of the prepared fuel additive. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] The fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline described in Example 1 is composed of the following raw materials, measured in parts by weight: 21 parts of acetaldehyde glycol acetal, 15 parts of 2-isopropylphenol, 26 parts of trimethylsilyl acetate tert-butyl, 0.6 parts of monoolefin succinimide, 0.7 parts of dimethyl silicone oil, 0.5 parts of tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate, and 0.7 parts of n-octadecyl cyclohexane.

[0026] The method for preparing the fuel additive for improving the antiknock performance of gasoline described in this embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:

[0027] (1) uniformly mixing acetaldehyde ethylene glycol acetal, 2-isopropylphenol and tert-butyl trimethylsilyl acetate to prepare a first mixed system;

[0028] (2) uniformly mixing monoalkenyl succinimide, dimethyl silicone oil and octadecyl cyclohexane to prepare a second mixed system;

[0029] (3) The second mixed system is added to the first mixed system, and then tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is added and mixed evenly to prepare a fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline.

[0030] in:

[0031] The mixing temperature of step (1) is 19° C. and the mixing time is 17 min.

[0032] The mixing temperature of step (2) is 13°C and the mixing time is 13 min.

[0033] The mixing temperature of step (3) is room temperature and the mixing time is 10 min.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] The fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline described in Example 2 is composed of the following raw materials, measured in parts by weight: 20 parts of acetaldehyde glycol acetal, 16 parts of 2-isopropylphenol, 25 parts of trimethylsilyl acetate tert-butyl, 0.4 parts of monoolefin succinimide, 0.8 parts of dimethyl silicone oil, 0.3 parts of tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate, and 0.8 parts of n-octadecyl cyclohexane.

[0036] The method for preparing the fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline described in this embodiment 2 comprises the following steps:

[0037] (1) uniformly mixing acetaldehyde ethylene glycol acetal, 2-isopropylphenol and tert-butyl trimethylsilyl acetate to prepare a first mixed system;

[0038] (2) uniformly mixing monoalkenyl succinimide, dimethyl silicone oil and octadecyl cyclohexane to prepare a second mixed system;

[0039] (3) The second mixed system is added to the first mixed system, and then tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is added and mixed evenly to prepare a fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline.

[0040] in:

[0041] The mixing temperature of step (1) is 18°C ​​and the mixing time is 15 min.

[0042] The mixing temperature of step (2) is 10°C and the mixing time is 10 min.

[0043] The mixing temperature of step (3) is room temperature and the mixing time is 8 minutes.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] The fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline described in Example 3 is composed of the following raw materials, measured in parts by weight: 22 parts of acetaldehyde glycol acetal, 14 parts of 2-isopropylphenol, 27 parts of trimethylsilyl acetate tert-butyl, 0.7 parts of monoolefin succinimide, 0.5 parts of dimethyl silicone oil, 0.6 parts of tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate, and 0.6 parts of n-octadecyl cyclohexane.

[0046] The method for preparing the fuel additive for improving the antiknock performance of gasoline described in this embodiment 3 comprises the following steps:

[0047] (1) uniformly mixing acetaldehyde ethylene glycol acetal, 2-isopropylphenol and tert-butyl trimethylsilyl acetate to prepare a first mixed system;

[0048] (2) uniformly mixing monoalkenyl succinimide, dimethyl silicone oil and octadecyl cyclohexane to prepare a second mixed system;

[0049] (3) The second mixed system is added to the first mixed system, and then tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is added and mixed evenly to prepare a fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline.

[0050] in:

[0051] The mixing temperature of step (1) is 20°C and the mixing time is 20 min.

[0052] The mixing temperature of step (2) is 15°C and the mixing time is 15 min.

[0053] The mixing temperature of step (3) is room temperature and the mixing time is 12 minutes.

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] The preparation method of the fuel additive for improving the antiknock performance of gasoline described in this comparative example 1 is the same as that of Example 1, and the only difference is that the raw material composition is different. The fuel additive for improving the antiknock performance of gasoline described in this comparative example 1 is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21 parts of acetaldehyde glycol acetal, 15 parts of 2-isopropylphenol, 0.6 parts of monoalkenyl succinimide, 0.7 parts of dimethyl silicone oil, 0.5 parts of tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate, and 0.7 parts of n-octadecyl cyclohexane.

[0056] Comparative Example 2

[0057] The preparation method of the fuel additive for improving the antiknock performance of gasoline described in this comparative example 2 is the same as that of Example 1, and the only difference is that the raw material composition is different. The fuel additive for improving the antiknock performance of gasoline described in this comparative example 2 is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of 2-isopropylphenol, 26 parts of tert-butyl trimethylsilyl acetate, 0.6 parts of monoalkenyl succinimide, 0.7 parts of dimethyl silicone oil, 0.5 parts of tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate, and 0.7 parts of n-octadecyl cyclohexane.

[0058] Comparative Example 3

[0059] The preparation method of the fuel additive for improving the antiknock performance of gasoline described in this comparative example 3 is the same as that of Example 1, and the only difference is that the raw material composition is different. The fuel additive for improving the antiknock performance of gasoline described in this comparative example 3 is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21 parts of acetaldehyde glycol acetal, 26 parts of tert-butyl trimethylsilyl acetate, 0.6 parts of monoalkenyl succinimide, 0.7 parts of dimethyl silicone oil, 0.5 parts of tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate, and 0.7 parts of n-octadecyl cyclohexane.

[0060] The fuel additives prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested for performance. 0.8% by mass of the fuel additives were added to No. 90 gasoline, the octane number of which was 90, and the antiknock performance was examined. The results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0061] Table 1 Test results of fuel additive anti-knock performance

[0062]

[0063] As shown in Table 1, when the fuel additive prepared in Examples 1-3 is added to No. 90 gasoline, the gasoline octane number is much greater than that of Comparative Examples 1-3, and the higher the gasoline octane number, the better the anti-knock performance of the fuel additive. Therefore, the anti-knock performance of the fuel additive prepared in Examples 1-3 is significantly better than that of Comparative Examples 1-3. In addition, by comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 1-3, it can be seen that the synergistic effect between the acetaldehyde glycol acetal, tert-butyl trimethylsilyl acetate and 2-isopropylphenol in the raw materials ensures the anti-knock performance of the prepared fuel additive.

Claims

1. A fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-22 parts of acetaldehyde glycol acetal, 14-16 parts of 2-isopropylphenol, 25-27 parts of tert-butyl trimethylsilyl acetate, 0.4-0.7 parts of monoalkenyl succinimide, 0.5-0.8 parts of dimethyl silicone oil, 0.3-0.6 parts of tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate, and 0.6-0.8 parts of n-octadecyl cyclohexane; The method for preparing the fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly mixing acetaldehyde ethylene glycol acetal, 2-isopropylphenol and tert-butyl trimethylsilyl acetate to prepare a first mixed system; (2) uniformly mixing monoalkenyl succinimide, dimethyl silicone oil and octadecyl cyclohexane to prepare a second mixed system; (3) The second mixed system is added to the first mixed system, and then tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is added and mixed evenly to prepare a fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline.

2. The fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21 parts of acetaldehyde glycol acetal, 15 parts of 2-isopropylphenol, 26 parts of tert-butyl trimethylsilyl acetate, 0.6 parts of monoolefin succinimide, 0.7 parts of dimethyl silicone oil, 0.5 parts of tetrakishydroxymethylphosphonium sulfate, and 0.7 parts of n-octadecyl cyclohexane.

3. A method for preparing the fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline according to claim 1, characterized in that: It consists of the following steps: (1) uniformly mixing acetaldehyde ethylene glycol acetal, 2-isopropylphenol and tert-butyl trimethylsilyl acetate to prepare a first mixed system; (2) uniformly mixing monoalkenyl succinimide, dimethyl silicone oil and octadecyl cyclohexane to prepare a second mixed system; (3) The second mixed system is added to the first mixed system, and then tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate is added and mixed evenly to prepare a fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline.

4. The method for preparing a fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mixing temperature of step (1) is 18-20°C and the mixing time is 15-20 minutes.

5. The method for preparing a fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mixing temperature of step (2) is 10-15°C and the mixing time is 10-15min.

6. The method for preparing a fuel additive for improving the anti-knock performance of gasoline according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mixing temperature of step (3) is room temperature and the mixing time is 8-12 minutes.

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