Tunnel deformation and dislocation prevention and control isolation structure and construction method

Abstract

The application discloses a tunnel deformation and dislocation prevention and control isolation structure, which comprises a tunnel and top, bottom, left and right isolation holes arranged in sequence on the upper, lower, left and right sides of the tunnel. Compared with the prior art, the tunnel deformation and dislocation prevention and control isolation structure has the advantages of simple structure, easy construction, obvious effect and strong adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of large deformation prevention and control technology for tunnels (caves), and in particular to a tunnel deformation and fault prevention and control isolation structure and construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of national engineering construction, tunnels inevitably pass through high-stress areas and fault displacement zones of fracture structures. Both high-stress areas and fault displacement zones can cause significant damage to the tunnel structure, or even lead to the complete destruction of the project.

[0003] Currently, the traditional prevention and control methods for large deformations in high-stress soft rock tunnels are mostly to strengthen the initial support. However, this leads to the hidden danger of repeated tunnel repairs, resulting in a large waste of costs. Similarly, for tunnels passing through active fault zones, traditional anti-fault measures such as articulation, widening, lining thickening, and initial support reinforcement are all modifications to the shallow-field structure and surrounding rock. Since they fail to eliminate stress chain transmission, the risk of damage to the tunnel and lining remains high, and the cost of rework continues to increase.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a tunnel deformation and fault prevention and isolation structure that can cut off the stress chain transmission path of high-stress compression tunnels and active fracture zone tunnels is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a tunnel deformation and fault prevention and control isolation structure for use in the deformation prevention and control of high stress compression tunnels and the fault prevention and control of tunnels in active fault zones. It cuts off the stress chain transmission path of high stress compression tunnels and active fault zone tunnels from the source, and fundamentally solves the large deformation problem of high stress tunnels and the fault problem of active fault zone tunnels.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a tunnel deformation and fault prevention and isolation structure, comprising: a tunnel; a plurality of top isolation tunnels arranged directly above the outer perimeter of the tunnel; a plurality of bottom isolation tunnels arranged directly below the outer perimeter of the tunnel, the bottom isolation tunnels and the top isolation tunnels being symmetrically distributed; a plurality of left isolation tunnels arranged on the left side of the outer perimeter of the tunnel; and a plurality of right isolation tunnels arranged... On the right side of the outer perimeter of the tunnel, several right isolation tunnels and several left isolation tunnels are symmetrically distributed; wherein each of the top isolation tunnels, each of the bottom isolation tunnels, each of the left isolation tunnels and each of the right isolation tunnels is parallel to the tunnel; the line connecting the several top isolation tunnels, the tunnel and the several bottom isolation tunnels on the same plane is a vertical straight line, and the line connecting the several left isolation tunnels, the tunnel and the several right isolation tunnels on the same plane is a horizontal straight line, and the vertical line and the horizontal line are perpendicular to each other.

[0007] In the first aspect, the number of top isolation holes is greater than or equal to 0; the number of left isolation holes is greater than or equal to 0, and the number of top isolation holes and the number of left isolation holes are not both 0; when the number of top isolation holes and the number of left isolation holes are both not 0, the number of top isolation holes and the number of left isolation holes are the same.

[0008] In the first aspect, the diameter of each of the top isolation holes, the diameter of each of the bottom isolation holes, the diameter of each of the left isolation holes, and the diameter of each of the right isolation holes are the same as the diameter of the tunnel.

[0009] In the first aspect, the distance between the tunnel and an adjacent top isolation tunnel, an adjacent bottom isolation tunnel, an adjacent left isolation tunnel, and an adjacent right isolation tunnel is the same and greater than 3 times the diameter of the tunnel.

[0010] In the first aspect, the distance between any two adjacent top isolation tunnels, the distance between any two adjacent bottom isolation tunnels, the distance between any two adjacent left isolation tunnels, and the distance between any two adjacent right isolation tunnels are all the same and greater than 3 times the diameter of the tunnel.

[0011] In the first aspect, each of the top isolation holes, each of the bottom isolation holes, each of the left isolation holes, and each of the right isolation holes are in a bare hole state.

[0012] This invention also provides a deformation prevention and isolation construction method suitable for high-stress compression tunnels. In high-stress areas, it is used for the construction of the aforementioned deformation and fault prevention and isolation structure. The deformation prevention and isolation construction method suitable for high-stress compression tunnels includes:

[0013] A tunnel is excavated in the rock mass of the high-stress area to obtain a tunnel; an isolation tunnel is excavated directly above the outer perimeter of the tunnel to obtain a top isolation tunnel; an isolation tunnel is excavated directly below the outer perimeter of the tunnel to obtain a bottom isolation tunnel; an isolation tunnel is excavated on the left side of the outer perimeter of the tunnel to obtain a left isolation tunnel; and an isolation tunnel is excavated on the right side of the outer perimeter of the tunnel to obtain a right isolation tunnel.

[0014] In the second aspect, when the stress in the high-stress area is unidirectional high stress, only isolation holes in the high-stress unidirectional direction are excavated.

[0015] This invention also provides a method for constructing a deformation and fault-prevention isolation structure suitable for tunnels in active fault zones. This method is used in the construction of a deformation and fault-prevention isolation structure in the fault zone area described above. The method includes: excavating a tunnel in the rock mass of the fault zone area to obtain a tunnel; excavating an isolation tunnel directly above the outer perimeter of the tunnel to obtain a top isolation tunnel; excavating an isolation tunnel directly below the outer perimeter of the tunnel to obtain a bottom isolation tunnel; excavating an isolation tunnel on the left side of the outer perimeter of the tunnel to obtain a left isolation tunnel; and excavating an isolation tunnel on the right side of the outer perimeter of the tunnel to obtain a right isolation tunnel.

[0016] In the third aspect, when the fault zone displacement in the active fault zone displacement area is unidirectional, only isolation tunnels in the unidirectional direction of fault zone displacement are excavated.

[0017] Beneficial effects:

[0018] This invention involves arranging isolation tunnels parallel to the tunnel at its top, bottom, left, and right sides. The structure is simple and easy to construct. In high-stress areas, these isolation tunnels fundamentally sever the stress chain, reducing stress in the surrounding rock and tunnel deformation, thus lowering support and control costs and long-term repair costs. In active fault zone faulting areas, the isolation tunnels also fundamentally sever the stress chain, buffering fault movement and reducing the impact of fault movement on large tunnel deformation, further reducing support and control costs and long-term repair costs. In summary, this invention's isolation structure is simple, easy to construct, and highly effective, fundamentally severing the stress chain, reducing large tunnel deformation caused by high stress and fault movement, lowering support and control costs, and reducing long-term repair costs. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tunnel deformation and fault prevention isolation structure when the number of top isolation tunnels and the number of left isolation tunnels are both 1 in the high-stress area;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a front cross-sectional view of the tunnel deformation and fault prevention and control isolation structure when the number of top isolation tunnels and the number of left isolation tunnels are both 1 in the high-stress area;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a transverse cross-sectional view of the tunnel deformation and fault prevention and control isolation structure when the number of top isolation tunnels and the number of left isolation tunnels are both 1 in the high-stress region;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a side cross-sectional view of the tunnel deformation and fault prevention and control isolation structure when the number of top isolation tunnels and the number of left isolation tunnels are both 1 in the high stress region;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tunnel deformation and fault-prevention isolation structure when the number of top isolation tunnels and the number of left isolation tunnels are both 1 in the fault zone of the active fault zone.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a front cross-sectional view of the tunnel deformation and fault-prevention isolation structure when the number of top isolation tunnels and the number of left isolation tunnels are both 1 in the fault zone of the active fault zone.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a transverse cross-sectional view of the tunnel deformation and fault-prevention isolation structure when the number of top isolation tunnels and the number of left isolation tunnels are both 1 in the fault zone of the active fault zone.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a side cross-sectional view of the tunnel deformation and fault-prevention isolation structure when the number of top isolation tunnels and the number of left isolation tunnels are both 1 in the fault zone of the active fault zone.

[0028] Figure label:

[0029] 1. Tunnel; 2. Top isolation tunnel; 3. Bottom isolation tunnel; 4. Left isolation tunnel; 5. Right isolation tunnel; 6. Vertical stress; 7. Horizontal stress; 8. Vertical displacement force; 9. Horizontal displacement force; 10. Displacement surface. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this specification, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this specification are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] like Figures 1-8 As shown, this embodiment provides a tunnel deformation and fault prevention and control isolation structure, which includes: a tunnel 1; a plurality of top isolation tunnels 2, which are arranged directly above the outer perimeter of the tunnel 1; a plurality of bottom isolation tunnels 3, which are arranged directly below the outer perimeter of the tunnel 1, with the bottom isolation tunnels 3 and the top isolation tunnels 2 symmetrically distributed; a plurality of left isolation tunnels 4, which are arranged on the left side of the outer perimeter of the tunnel 1; and a plurality of right isolation tunnels 5, which are arranged on the left side of the tunnel 1. On the outer right side of the tunnel 1, several right isolation tunnels 5 and several left isolation tunnels 4 are symmetrically distributed; wherein each of the top isolation tunnels 2, each of the bottom isolation tunnels 3, each of the left isolation tunnels 4 and each of the right isolation tunnels 5 is parallel to the tunnel 1; the line connecting the several top isolation tunnels 2, the tunnel 1 and the several bottom isolation tunnels 3 on the same plane is a vertical straight line, and the line connecting the several left isolation tunnels 4, the tunnel 1 and the several right isolation tunnels 5 on the same plane is a horizontal straight line, and the vertical line and the horizontal line are perpendicular to each other.

[0033] This invention involves arranging isolation tunnels parallel to the tunnel at its top, bottom, left, and right sides. The structure is simple and easy to construct. In high-stress areas, these isolation tunnels fundamentally sever the stress chain, reducing stress in the surrounding rock and tunnel deformation, thus lowering support and control costs and long-term repair costs. In active fault zone faulting areas, the isolation tunnels also fundamentally sever the stress chain, buffering faulting and reducing the impact of fault faulting on large tunnel deformation, further reducing support and control costs and long-term repair costs. In summary, the control and isolation structure of this invention is simple, easy to construct, and highly effective. It fundamentally severs the stress chain, reduces large tunnel deformation caused by high stress and fault faulting, lowers support and control costs, and reduces long-term repair costs. Furthermore, this tunnel deformation and fault fault control isolation structure is also applicable to deformation and fault fault control isolation in high-stress compression tunnels and active fault zone tunnels.

[0034] In some possible implementations, the number of top isolation holes 2 is greater than or equal to 0; the number of left isolation holes 3 is greater than or equal to 0, and the number of top isolation holes 2 and the number of left isolation holes 4 are not both 0; when the number of top isolation holes 2 and the number of left isolation holes 4 are both not 0, the number of top isolation holes 2 and the number of left isolation holes 4 are the same.

[0035] Specifically, the control and isolation structure of this invention can adjust the position of isolation tunnels to cope with unidirectional and multidirectional high stress, as well as unidirectional and multidirectional fault displacement. When the tunnel is subjected to unidirectional high stress or fault displacement, isolation tunnels are only arranged in that unidirectional direction. For example, when the tunnel is only subjected to vertical stress or vertical displacement, top and bottom isolation tunnels are only arranged in the vertical stress direction, and the number of left and right isolation tunnels is 0. When the isolation effect of the top and bottom isolation tunnels is poor, the number of top and bottom isolation tunnels can be increased accordingly to achieve the technical effect of breaking the stress chain. If the tunnel is only subjected to horizontal stress or horizontal displacement, then... If left and right isolation tunnels are only installed in the horizontal stress direction, the number of top and bottom isolation tunnels is 0. When the isolation effect of the left and right isolation tunnels is poor, the number of left and right isolation tunnels can be increased accordingly to achieve the technical effect of breaking the stress chain. When the tunnel is subjected to high stress in multiple directions or fault displacement, isolation tunnels are installed in the upper, lower, left, and right directions of the tunnel. The initial number of top and left isolation tunnels is 1. When the isolation effect of the four isolation tunnels is poor, the number of isolation tunnels in the upper, lower, left, and right directions can be increased accordingly to achieve the technical effect of breaking the stress chain.

[0036] In some possible implementations, the diameter of each of the top isolation holes 2, the diameter of each of the bottom isolation holes 3, the diameter of each of the left isolation holes 4, and the diameter of each of the right isolation holes 5 are the same as the diameter of the tunnel 1.

[0037] Specifically, the diameter of the isolation tunnels deployed around the tunnel is the same as that of the tunnel, which can better buffer the stress received by the surrounding rock of the tunnel and reduce the deformation of the tunnel.

[0038] In some possible implementations, the distances between the tunnel 1 and an adjacent top isolation tunnel 2, an adjacent bottom isolation tunnel 3, an adjacent left isolation tunnel 4, and an adjacent right isolation tunnel 5 are all the same and greater than 3 times the diameter of the tunnel 1; the distances between any two adjacent top isolation tunnels 2, any two adjacent bottom isolation tunnels 3, any two adjacent left isolation tunnels 4, and any two adjacent right isolation tunnels 5 are all the same and greater than 3 times the diameter of the tunnel 1.

[0039] Specifically, when the isolation tunnels are ineffective in isolating high stress or fault displacement, the number of isolation tunnels should be increased accordingly. The distance between the tunnel and the adjacent isolation tunnel should be greater than three times the tunnel diameter, and the distance between two adjacent isolation tunnels should also be greater than three times the tunnel diameter. This can effectively prevent the impact of high stress or fault displacement on the tunnel.

[0040] In some possible implementations, each of the top isolation hole 2, each of the bottom isolation hole 3, each of the left isolation hole 4, and each of the right isolation hole 5 are in a bare hole state.

[0041] Specifically, the excavated top isolation tunnel, bottom isolation tunnel, left isolation tunnel, and right isolation tunnel are all left unsupported, maintaining their bare state. This improves the isolation tunnel's ability to buffer against high stress and fault displacement, preventing tunnel deformation caused by the force being transferred to the surrounding rock and then to the tunnel after the isolation tunnel is supported. In addition, not supporting the excavated isolation tunnel simplifies construction and saves excavation costs.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] like Figures 1-4 As shown, Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a deformation prevention and isolation construction method suitable for high-stress compression tunnels. In a high-stress area, it is used for the construction of a tunnel deformation and fault prevention and isolation structure as described in Embodiment 1. The deformation prevention and isolation construction method suitable for high-stress compression tunnels includes: excavating a tunnel in the rock mass of the high-stress area to obtain a tunnel; excavating an isolation tunnel directly above the outer perimeter of the tunnel to obtain a top isolation tunnel; excavating an isolation tunnel directly below the outer perimeter of the tunnel to obtain a bottom isolation tunnel; excavating an isolation tunnel on the left side of the outer perimeter of the tunnel to obtain a left isolation tunnel; excavating an isolation tunnel on the right side of the outer perimeter of the tunnel to obtain a right isolation tunnel; when the stress in the high-stress area is unidirectional high stress, only the isolation tunnel in the high-stress unidirectional direction is excavated.

[0044] Specifically, in high-stress areas, the high stress can cause tunnel deformation, increasing tunnel repair costs. This invention involves excavating isolation tunnels above, below, to the left, and to the right of the tunnel. These isolation tunnels buffer the high stress on the tunnel, break the stress chain, reduce the stress in the surrounding rock, prevent tunnel deformation, and reduce repair costs. When the high stress on the tunnel is unidirectional, isolation tunnels are excavated only in the direction of high stress, breaking the stress chain while saving the cost of excavating isolation tunnels in multiple directions. Furthermore, the excavation location of the isolation tunnels can be adjusted for both unidirectional and multidirectional high stress, making it highly adaptable. It should be noted that the deformation prevention and isolation construction method for high-stress compression tunnels in Embodiment 2 is used in the construction of the tunnel deformation and fault prevention and isolation structure in Embodiment 1. Therefore, the performance principle of the tunnel deformation and fault prevention and isolation structure will not be elaborated here; for details not described, please refer to Embodiment 1. Additionally, the deformation prevention and isolation construction method for high-stress compression tunnels in Embodiment 2 is also applicable to the construction of deformation prevention and isolation for high-stress compression tunnels in high-stress areas.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] like Figures 5-8 As shown, Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling fault displacement in tunnels located in active fault zones. In the fault displacement area of ​​an active fault zone, it is used for the construction of a tunnel deformation and fault displacement prevention and control isolation structure as described in Embodiment 1. The method for preventing and controlling fault displacement in tunnels located in active fault zones includes: excavating a tunnel in the rock mass of the fault displacement area to obtain a tunnel; excavating an isolation tunnel directly above the outer perimeter of the tunnel to obtain a top isolation tunnel; excavating an isolation tunnel directly below the outer perimeter of the tunnel to obtain a bottom isolation tunnel; excavating an isolation tunnel on the left side of the outer perimeter of the tunnel to obtain a left isolation tunnel; excavating an isolation tunnel on the right side of the outer perimeter of the tunnel to obtain a right isolation tunnel; when the fault displacement in the active fault zone is unidirectional, only isolation tunnels in the unidirectional fault displacement direction are excavated.

[0047] Specifically, in the fault displacement area of ​​an active fault zone, the fault displacement will form a displacement surface 10. The movement of the displacement surface 10 will deform the tunnel and increase the tunnel repair costs. This invention excavates isolation tunnels above, below, to the left and right of the tunnel. The isolation tunnels buffer the fault displacement of the active fault zone, cut off the stress chain, prevent the displacement surface 10 from moving, reduce the stress in the surrounding rock of the tunnel, prevent tunnel deformation, and reduce the tunnel repair costs. When the fault displacement of the tunnel is unidirectional, the isolation tunnel is excavated only in the direction of the fault displacement. This cuts off the stress chain and saves the cost of excavating isolation tunnels in multiple directions. At the same time, the excavation position of the isolation tunnel can be adjusted for unidirectional and multidirectional fault displacement, making it highly adaptable. It should be noted that the fault prevention and isolation construction method for tunnels in active fault zones in Embodiment 3 is used for the construction of the tunnel deformation and fault prevention and isolation structure in Embodiment 1. Therefore, the performance principle of the tunnel deformation and fault prevention and isolation structure will not be elaborated here. For the parts not described in detail, please refer to Embodiment 1. At the same time, the fault prevention and isolation construction method for tunnels in active fault zones in Embodiment 3 is also applicable to the construction of fault prevention and isolation of active fault zone tunnels in the fault displacement area of ​​active fault zones.

[0048] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A tunnel deformation and dislocation prevention and control isolation structure, characterized in that, The tunnel deformation and fault prevention isolation structure comprises: a tunnel (1); a plurality of top isolation holes (2) arranged above the periphery of the tunnel (1); a plurality of bottom isolation holes (3) arranged below the periphery of the tunnel (1), the plurality of bottom isolation holes (3) and the plurality of top isolation holes (2) being symmetrically distributed; a plurality of left isolation holes (4) arranged on the left side of the periphery of the tunnel (1); a plurality of right isolation holes (5) arranged on the right side of the periphery of the tunnel (1), the plurality of right isolation holes (5) and the plurality of left isolation holes (4) being symmetrically distributed; wherein each of the top isolation hole (2), each of the bottom isolation hole (3), each of the left isolation hole (4) and each of the right isolation hole (5) is parallel to the tunnel (1); the connecting line of the plurality of top isolation holes (2), the tunnel (1) and the plurality of bottom isolation holes (3) on the same plane is a vertical straight line, and the connecting line of the plurality of left isolation holes (4), the tunnel (1) and the plurality of right isolation holes (5) on the same plane is a horizontal straight line, and the vertical straight line and the horizontal straight line are perpendicular to each other; the diameter of each of the top isolation hole (2), the diameter of each of the bottom isolation hole (3), the diameter of each of the left isolation hole (4) and the diameter of each of the right isolation hole (5) are the same as the diameter of the tunnel (1); the distance between the tunnel (1) and the adjacent top isolation hole (2), the adjacent bottom isolation hole (3), the adjacent left isolation hole (4) and the adjacent right isolation hole (5) is the same and greater than 3 times the diameter of the tunnel (1); each of the top isolation hole (2), each of the bottom isolation hole (3), each of the left isolation hole (4) and each of the right isolation hole (5) is in a bare hole state.

2. The tunnel deformation and dislocation prevention and control isolation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the top isolation hole (2) is greater than or equal to 0; the number of the left isolation hole (4) is greater than or equal to 0, and the number of the top isolation hole (2) and the number of the left isolation hole (4) are not zero at the same time; when the number of the top isolation hole (2) and the number of the left isolation hole (4) are not zero, the number of the top isolation hole (2) and the number of the left isolation hole (4) are the same.

3. The tunnel deformation and dislocation prevention and control isolation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between any two adjacent top isolation holes (2), the distance between any two adjacent bottom isolation holes (3), the distance between any two adjacent left isolation holes (4) and the distance between any two adjacent right isolation holes (5) are the same and greater than 3 times the diameter of the tunnel (1).

4. A deformation control and isolation construction method suitable for high stress extruded tunnels, characterized by, In a high stress area, a construction method for a tunnel deformation and fault prevention isolation structure according to any one of claims 1-3, the construction method for preventing and controlling the deformation of a high stress extrusion tunnel comprises: tunnel excavation on the rock mass in the high stress area to obtain a tunnel; The isolation hole is excavated above the periphery of the tunnel to obtain a top isolation hole, and the isolation hole is excavated below the periphery of the tunnel to obtain a bottom isolation hole. The isolation hole is excavated on the left side of the periphery of the tunnel to obtain a left isolation hole, and the isolation hole is excavated on the right side of the periphery of the tunnel to obtain a right isolation hole.

5. A deformation control and isolation construction method suitable for high stress extruded tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the high stress region stress is a single-direction high stress, only the isolation hole of the single-direction high stress is excavated.

6. A construction method for preventing and controlling fault separation and isolation of a tunnel in a mobile fault zone, characterized in that, In a moving fracture zone dislocation region, a construction method for any one of the tunnel deformation and dislocation prevention and control isolation structures according to claims 1-3, the construction method for preventing and controlling the deformation of the tunnel in the moving fracture zone comprises: The rock mass in the moving fracture zone dislocation region is excavated to obtain a tunnel; The isolation hole is excavated above the periphery of the tunnel to obtain a top isolation hole, and the isolation hole is excavated below the periphery of the tunnel to obtain a bottom isolation hole. The isolation hole is excavated on the left side of the periphery of the tunnel to obtain a left isolation hole, and the isolation hole is excavated on the right side of the periphery of the tunnel to obtain a right isolation hole.

7. A dislocation prevention and control isolation construction method suitable for a moving fracture zone tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the fracture zone dislocation of the moving fracture zone dislocation region is a single direction, only the isolation hole of the single-direction fracture zone dislocation is excavated.

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