A method for constructing a three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for constructing a three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas, belonging to the field of water network construction, which includes determining the construction area of the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas, the water network level of the construction area, the current status water year and the planned water year; collecting basic data of the construction area; dividing the main water demand areas, key water shortage areas, water resource reserve areas and emergency backup water source areas according to the analysis results of the current situation of water network construction in the construction area, the current status water year and the planned water year; clarifying the ecological protection red line that needs to be avoided in constructing the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas through ecological sensitive area analysis; screening the backbone projects and backbone rivers and lakes for constructing the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas; and constructing a moderately connected three-dimensional water network of river and lake water systems - groundwater systems - water supply and drainage channels considering the elevation relationship between the water supply source and the water receiving area. The present invention proposes a method for constructing a water network in karst mountainous areas, which improves the resilience of the water network based on nature-based solutions and enhances the adaptability to uncertainties such as climate change and emergencies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of water network construction, and particularly relates to a method for constructing a three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas. Background Art

[0002] A water network is a comprehensive system based on natural rivers and lakes, with water diversion, drainage, and regulation projects as channels, regulation projects as nodes, and intelligent regulation as a means. From the perspective of constructing a regional water network, the water network is composed of a natural river and lake water system network and an artificial water intake-supply-use-drainage network coupled together. The two are connected through water intake points and drainage points, and it is a coupled and nested composite system. Most water networks mainly function in optimizing the allocation of water resources, taking into account functions such as flood control and disaster reduction in the basin and protection of the water ecosystem. Accelerating the construction of national, provincial, municipal, and county-level water networks and building a modern high-quality water conservancy infrastructure network are important foundations for ensuring water security.

[0003] In typical karst mountainous areas, mountains and hills account for a high proportion of the national land area, carbonate rock formations are widely distributed, and the mountains are continuous and the ravines are crisscrossed within the territory. The landform landscape is mainly characterized by peak cluster depressions, peak forest valleys, peak forest hill basins, and flat dams alternating with each other. Due to the relatively deep terrain cutting and large elevation difference, the surface is rough and fragmented, and the cave gaps are crisscrossed. The river water system in karst mountainous areas is developed, there are many underground river tributaries and large drainage areas, and the surface rivers and underground rivers frequently alternate and transform, with light and dark sections along the way, laying a foundation for the joint utilization of surface water and groundwater.

[0004] Although the rainfall in karst mountainous areas is relatively abundant, the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is uneven. Rainfall is mainly concentrated in the flood seasons of summer and autumn. Coupled with the scattered residence of rural people in mountainous areas, the scattered distribution of flat dam fields, and the stepped distribution of cultivated land, the development and utilization of water resources are difficult, resulting in the inability to fully utilize local water resources. Affected by the special topography and landform, the construction of water networks in karst mountainous areas faces many difficulties such as high fields and low water levels, poor water storage and conservation capabilities, unfavorable conditions for large reservoirs to form, and fragile rocky desertification ecology. Engineering water shortage has become a prominent shortcoming restricting economic and social development.

[0005] In the existing research on water networks, there is little research on the construction of water networks for different types of topography and landform, and the research on the construction of water networks in karst mountainous areas is basically blank. There are no relevant standards for water network construction in the existing technical standard system. To effectively solve the water shortage problem in karst mountainous areas, it is urgent to propose corresponding methods based on the characteristics of regional water conditions to provide corresponding technical support for the construction of water networks in karst mountainous areas. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above deficiencies in the prior art, a method for constructing a three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas provided by the present invention improves the resilience of the water network based on natural solutions and enhances the adaptability to uncertainties such as climate change and emergencies.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned invention objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for constructing a three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Determine the construction area of the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas, the water network level of the construction area, as well as the current level year and the planned level year for analyzing water-deficient areas and screening backbone water network projects;

[0009] S2. Collect basic data of the construction area;

[0010] S3. According to the basic data of the construction area, conduct mountain terrain analysis, river and lake water system structure analysis, underground karst landform and karst water condition analysis, water resources and their development and utilization status analysis, and the status analysis of major water supply projects respectively, to obtain the analysis results of the current situation of water network construction in the construction area;

[0011] S4. According to the analysis results of the current situation of water network construction in the construction area, the current level year and the planned level year, based on the analysis of water resources supply and demand balance, combined with the pattern of territorial space development and protection, divide the main water demand areas, key water-deficient areas, water resources reserve areas, and emergency backup water source areas;

[0012] S5. According to the basic data of the construction area, through ecological sensitive area analysis, clarify the ecological protection red line that needs to be avoided in constructing the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas, and obtain the core protection area in the ecological sensitive area;

[0013] S6. According to the water network level of the construction area, the main water demand areas, key water-deficient areas, water resources reserve areas, and the core protection area in the ecological sensitive area, based on the project scale and importance, screen the backbone projects for constructing the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas, and based on the scale of the river basins where the rivers and lakes are located and the rivers and lakes where the backbone projects are located, screen the backbone rivers and lakes for constructing the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas;

[0014] S7. According to the main water demand areas, key water-deficient areas, water resources reserve areas, emergency backup water source areas, the backbone projects and backbone rivers and lakes for constructing the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas, considering the elevation relationship between the water supply source and the water receiving area, construct a three-dimensional water network with appropriate connectivity of river and lake water systems - groundwater systems - water supply and drainage channels.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S1, the water network level of the construction area is determined based on the administrative level of the place where the construction area belongs, and from high to low, they are the first-level main water network, the second-level main water network, and the third-level main water network.

[0016] Furthermore, step S4 is specifically as follows:

[0017] S401. Based on the administrative regions of the construction area, obtain the important administrative regions with water demand to obtain the main water demand areas;

[0018] S402. Based on the analysis results of the current situation of the construction of the regional water network, on the basis of the existing water supply sources in the current status year, supplement the newly planned water supply sources in the planned year to obtain the conventional water source area;

[0019] S403. Set the threshold of the water shortage rate, and combine it with the conventional water source area to list the main water demand areas with a water shortage rate exceeding the water shortage rate threshold as key water shortage areas;

[0020] S404. According to the analysis results of the current situation of the construction of the regional water network, use the rivers that can be reserved and utilized and the groundwater in the karst mountainous areas as the water resource reserve areas;

[0021] S405. For cities at or above the county level with a single water source for water supply within the construction area, newly built surface water source projects and groundwater in the karst mountainous areas are used as emergency backup water source areas.

[0022] Furthermore, the specific steps of S401 are as follows:

[0023] S4011. Sort the areas of each administrative region in the construction area from large to small, and determine the score ranking set from large to small according to the proportion of the area of each administrative region in the construction area to the total area of the construction area:

[0024] G = {g z}, z = 1, 2,... n

[0025]

[0026] Among them, G is the score ranking set from large to small; g z is the z-th score of the construction area; z is the score serial number; n is the total number of scores; RA z is the area of the administrative region corresponding to the z-th score of the construction area; RA is the total area of the construction area;

[0027] S4012. Taking the permanent population, per capita GDP and urbanization rate as evaluation criteria, based on the proportion of each administrative region in the construction area to the total value of the evaluation criteria in the construction area for a single evaluation criterion, obtain the dimensionless ranking index of each administrative region for each evaluation criterion:

[0028]

[0029] Among them, Z ij is the dimensionless ranking index of the i-th administrative region for the j-th evaluation criterion; i is the administrative region number; j is the evaluation criterion number; Q ij is the value of the i-th administrative region for the j-th evaluation criterion;

[0030] S4013. Sort the dimensionless ranking indicators of each evaluation criterion in each administrative region from largest to smallest to obtain the ranking result. Then, based on the ranking result, assign scores corresponding to the positions in the score ranking set from largest to smallest to obtain the importance scores of each administrative region:

[0031]

[0032] Among them, G i is the importance score of the i-th administrative region; g ij is the score assigned to the i-th administrative region for the j-th evaluation criterion;

[0033] S4014. Sort the importance scores of each administrative region from largest to smallest. Take the administrative regions before the median and the administrative regions where large irrigation areas with an irrigation area of ≥ 500,000 mu are located as the main water demand areas I.

[0034] Furthermore, the expression for the severely water - deficient areas in step S403 is:

[0035] SS = {areas in I where R s ≥ α}

[0036]

[0037] Among them, SS is the severely water - deficient area; I is the main water demand area; R s is the water shortage rate of the administrative region; α is the water shortage rate threshold; W d is the water demand of the administrative region; W s is the water supply of the administrative region supplied by the conventional water source area.

[0038] Furthermore, step S5 is specifically:

[0039] Based on the basic data of the constructed area, through the analysis of the ecologically sensitive areas, obtain the core protected areas in the ecologically sensitive areas and the general control areas in the ecologically sensitive areas:

[0040] ES f = {CP f , NR f}

[0041] ES l = {CP l , NR l , NP, AG}

[0042] Among them, ES f is the core protected area in the ecologically sensitive area; CP f is the core protected area of the national park; NR f is the core protected area of the nature reserve; ES l is the general control area in the ecologically sensitive area; CPl is the general control area of the national park; NR l is the general control area of the nature reserve; NP is the nature park; AG is the aquatic germplasm resource reserve.

[0043] Further, the step S6 is specifically as follows:

[0044] S601. Based on the core protection areas in the constructed regional water network level, main water demand areas and ecological sensitive areas, screen and construct the backbone surface water source projects for the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountain area according to the project scale and importance:

[0045]

[0046] Among them, BS a is the corresponding backbone surface water source project when the constructed regional water network level is the first-level main water network or the second-level main water network; V is the total reservoir capacity; ES f is the core protection area in the ecological sensitive area; BS b is the corresponding backbone surface water source project when the constructed regional water network level is the third-level main water network; ∩ is the intersection operation symbol; is the non-intersection operation symbol;

[0047] S602. Obtain the backbone water diversion, pumping and transfer projects for the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountain area:

[0048] BC = M ∪ N

[0049] M = {large and medium-sized water diversion, pumping and transfer projects with W ≥ 1}

[0050] N = {water diversion, pumping and transfer projects with γ ≤ W < 1 and L i' ≤ δ} ∩ {projects whose water supply objects belong to the main water demand areas}

[0051]

[0052] Among them, BC is the backbone water diversion, pumping and transfer project for the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountain area; M is the large and medium-sized water diversion, pumping and transfer project; N is the small water diversion, pumping and transfer project that meets the project conditions and the importance of water supply objects; W is the annual water supply of the water diversion, pumping and transfer project; γ is the annual water supply threshold; δ is the project condition coefficient threshold; L i' is the project condition coefficient of the i'-th water diversion, pumping and transfer project; m is the number of water diversion, pumping and transfer projects; i' is the project number of the water diversion, pumping and transfer project; H i' is the head of the i'-th water diversion, pumping and transfer project; D i' is the water conveyance distance of the i'-th water diversion, pumping and transfer project; ∪ is the union operation symbol;

[0053] S603. Obtain the groundwater utilization projects located in the key water - scarce areas and emergency backup water source areas to get the groundwater utilization projects for constructing the three - dimensional water network in the karst mountainous area;

[0054] S604. Based on the backbone surface water source projects, backbone water diversion and pumping projects, and groundwater utilization projects for constructing the three - dimensional water network in the karst mountainous area, obtain the backbone projects for constructing the three - dimensional water network in the karst mountainous area;

[0055] S605. Based on the scale of the river basins where the rivers and lakes are located and the rivers and lakes where the backbone projects are located, screen the backbone rivers and lakes for constructing the three - dimensional water network in the karst mountainous area.

[0056] Further, the expression for the backbone rivers and lakes for constructing the three - dimensional water network in the karst mountainous area in step S605 is:

[0057] BR = {BR r , BR l}

[0058]

[0059] where BR is the backbone rivers and lakes for constructing the three - dimensional water network in the karst mountainous area; BR r is the backbone river for constructing the three - dimensional water network in the karst mountainous area; BR l is the backbone lake for constructing the three - dimensional water network in the karst mountainous area; A is the river basin area; R is the proportion of the river basin area within the construction area to the construction area; φ is the threshold of the proportion of the river basin area in the construction area; A r is the river basin area within the construction area; RA is the total construction area.

[0060] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Aiming at the water resource optimization and allocation function of the water network, the present invention first proposes a method for constructing a three - dimensional water network in the karst mountainous area. Considering the regional topographic and geomorphic conditions, water resource endowment, economic and social development needs, and ecological sensitive area protection requirements, relying on the natural river and lake water systems, using groundwater resources as a supplement, the present invention makes an overall arrangement and deployment for the water supply sources, water supply volumes, water conveyance lines, water receiving areas, etc. in the karst mountainous area, and innovatively proposes a method for constructing a water network under special topographic and geomorphic conditions and hydrogeological conditions, realizing the rational allocation and efficient conveyance of water resources; by making full use of the rich groundwater resources in the karst mountainous area, improving the resilience of the water network based on nature - based solutions, and enhancing the adaptability to uncertainties such as climate change and emergencies. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0061] Figure 1 It is the flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0062] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below to facilitate those skilled in the art of this technology to understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art of this technology, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations using the concept of the present invention are within the scope of protection.

[0063] As Figure 1 shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for constructing a three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas includes the following steps:

[0064] S1. Determine the construction area of the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas, the water network level of the construction area, as well as the current situation level year and the planned level year for analyzing water shortage areas and screening backbone water network projects;

[0065] S2. Collect the basic data of the construction area;

[0066] S3. According to the basic data of the construction area, conduct mountain terrain analysis, river and lake water system structure analysis, underground karst landform and karst water condition analysis, water resources and their development and utilization status analysis, and the current situation analysis of major water supply projects respectively, to obtain the analysis results of the current situation of water network construction in the construction area;

[0067] S4. According to the analysis results of the current situation of water network construction in the construction area, the current situation level year and the planned level year, based on the analysis of water resources supply and demand balance, combined with the pattern of territorial space development and protection, divide the main water demand areas, key water shortage areas, water resources reserve areas, and emergency backup water source areas;

[0068] S5. According to the basic data of the construction area, through the analysis of ecological sensitive areas, clarify the ecological protection red line that needs to be avoided in constructing the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas, and obtain the core protected area in the ecological sensitive area;

[0069] S6. According to the water network level of the construction area, the main water demand areas, key water shortage areas, water resources reserve areas, and the core protected area in the ecological sensitive area, based on the project scale and importance, screen the backbone projects for constructing the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas, and based on the scale of the river basins where the rivers and lakes are located and the rivers and lakes where the backbone projects are located, screen the backbone rivers and lakes for constructing the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas;

[0070] S7. According to the main water demand areas, key water shortage areas, water resources reserve areas, emergency backup water source areas, the backbone projects and backbone rivers and lakes for constructing the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas, considering the elevation relationship between the water supply source and the water receiving area, construct a three-dimensional water network with appropriate connectivity of river and lake water systems - groundwater systems - water supply and drainage channels.

[0071] In step S1, the construction area water network level is determined based on the administrative level of the construction area's place of belonging, which from high to low are the first-level main water network, the second-level main water network, and the third-level main water network. In this embodiment, the first-level main water network is the provincial water network; the second-level main water network is the municipal water network; the third-level main water network is the county-level water network. Determine the current situation level year and the planned level year for analyzing water shortage areas and screening backbone water network projects. The planned level year should be coordinated and connected with the medium- and long-term planning level years of the regional territorial space planning and the national economic and social development planning.

[0072] Taking Bijie City, Guizhou Province as the implementation example construction area of the three-dimensional water network construction method in karst mountainous areas, 2020 is taken as the current situation level year, and 2035 is taken as the planned level year.

[0073] In this embodiment, step S2 is specifically as follows: Collect maps, statistical data, and planning schemes of the topography, river system, hydrogeology, economic society, water resources and their development and utilization, water supply projects, territorial space development and protection pattern, and ecological sensitive areas in the construction area. With the support of Geographic Information System (ArcGIS), use software to preprocess and visualize the spatial basic data required for the construction of the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas. The materials and maps required for the construction of the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas can be collected through the following channels:

[0074] 1. Topography and river system materials. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) can be obtained from publicly available sources on the Internet or from the natural resources department and the water conservancy department.

[0075] 2. Hydrogeological materials. The hydrogeological map of the construction area, etc. can be referred to.

[0076] 3. Economic and social materials. The current economic and social statistics can come from publicly available statistical yearbooks, national economic and social development plans, and statistical bulletins on the Internet.

[0077] 4. Water resources and their development and utilization materials. The water resources volume can come from the investigation and evaluation results of the water conservancy department. The current water supply and consumption volume and structure can come from the statistical bulletin of the water conservancy department. The current situation of water environment quality can be collected from the ecological environment department. The water demand prediction, available water supply prediction, water resources supply-demand analysis, and allocation scheme results for the planned level year can be collected from the water conservancy department.

[0078] 5. Water supply project materials. Information on various existing and planned new water supply projects can be obtained from the data statistics and planning schemes of the water conservancy department.

[0079] 6. Territorial space development and protection pattern materials. The agricultural, urban, and ecological space patterns can come from the territorial space planning organized and compiled by the natural resources department, etc.

[0080] 7. Information on ecologically sensitive areas. It can be obtained from the territorial space planning of the natural resources department, the optimization and adjustment plan of nature reserves of the forestry and grassland department, etc., and analyzed in combination with the ecological protection red line.

[0081] In this embodiment, step S3 is specifically as follows: Using the collected basic data, analyze and construct the regional river and lake water system structure, underground karst landform and karst water conditions, the current situation of surface water development and utilization, the current situation of groundwater development and utilization, and the current situation of the construction of major water supply projects, etc. The analysis of the current situation of the water network construction in karst mountainous areas mainly includes the following aspects:

[0082] ① Analysis of the mountainous terrain. Based on the DEM data analysis, judge the overall terrain trend of the constructed area, and provide a basic support for the elevation analysis of key projects in the water network construction and the route analysis of the water resource allocation project.

[0083] ② Analysis of the river and lake water system structure. Based on the DEM data analysis, extract the distribution of the river water system in the constructed area, clarify the relationship between the main and tributary rivers, analyze the main rivers and lakes in the water network construction, and analyze the background conditions of the natural water system.

[0084] ③ Analysis of the underground karst landform and karst water conditions. Use hydrogeological maps, etc. to analyze the geological structure characteristics and the development of underground karst.

[0085] ④ Analysis of the water resources and their development and utilization status. Analyze the quantity and spatial distribution of surface water resources, groundwater resources and total water resources in the constructed area. Analyze the water quality status of the main rivers in the water network construction. In view of the current situation of surface water and groundwater development and utilization, taking the areas with concentrated population and industries as the key points, analyze the main water supply targets.

[0086] ⑤ Analysis of the current situation of major water supply projects. Taking water supply reservoirs, power station reservoirs with water supply functions, and water diversion and pumping projects as the key points, count the distribution, quantity, scale, routes, etc. of the existing major water supply projects.

[0087] In this embodiment, step S4 is specifically as follows:

[0088] S401. Based on the administrative regions of the constructed area, obtain the important administrative regions in need of water, and obtain the main water demand areas;

[0089] S402. According to the analysis results of the current situation of the water network construction in the constructed area, on the basis of the existing water supply sources in the current status year, supplement the planned newly built water supply sources in the planned year, and obtain the conventional water source areas;

[0090] S403. Set the water shortage rate threshold, and in combination with the conventional water source areas, list the main water demand areas with a water shortage rate exceeding the water shortage rate threshold as key water shortage areas;

[0091] S404. According to the analysis results of the current situation of the water network construction in the constructed area, take the rivers that can be reserved for utilization and the groundwater in karst mountainous areas as water resource reserve areas;

[0092] S405. For county-level and above cities with a single water source for water supply within the construction area, new surface water source projects and groundwater in karst mountainous areas will be used as emergency backup water source areas.

[0093] In this embodiment, rivers with rich water resources and a runoff development and utilization rate ≤ 40% can be reserved and utilized; surface water source projects include large, medium, and small reservoir projects.

[0094] The specific steps of S401 are as follows:

[0095] S4011. Sort the areas of each administrative region in the construction area from large to small, and determine the score ranking set from large to small according to the proportion of the area of each administrative region in the construction area to the total area of the construction area:

[0096] G = {g z}, z = 1, 2,... n

[0097]

[0098] where G is the score ranking set from large to small; g z is the z-th score of the construction area; z is the score serial number; n is the total number of scores; RA z is the area of the administrative region corresponding to the z-th score of the construction area, with the unit of km 2 ; RA is the total area of the construction area, with the unit of km 2 ;

[0099] S4012. Taking the permanent population, per capita GDP, and urbanization rate as evaluation criteria, based on the proportion of each administrative region in the construction area to the total value of the evaluation criteria in the construction area for a single evaluation criterion, obtain the dimensionless ranking index of each administrative region for each evaluation criterion:

[0100]

[0101] where, Z ij is the dimensionless ranking index of the i-th administrative region for the j-th evaluation criterion; i is the administrative region number; j is the evaluation criterion number; Q ij is the value of the i-th administrative region for the j-th evaluation criterion;

[0102] S4013. Sort the dimensionless ranking indexes of each administrative region for each evaluation criterion from large to small to obtain the ranking position result, and assign scores according to the scores corresponding to the positions in the score ranking set from large to small based on the ranking position result, to obtain the importance degree scores of each administrative region:

[0103]

[0104] where, Gi is the importance score of the i-th administrative region; g ij is the score assigned to the j-th evaluation criterion of the i-th administrative region;

[0105] S4014. Sort the importance scores of each administrative region from large to small, and take the administrative regions before the median and the administrative regions where large irrigation areas with an irrigation area of ≥ 500,000 mu are located as the main water demand areas I.

[0106] In this embodiment, the total number of scores in the score ranking from large to small is the same as the number of administrative regions.

[0107] The expression for the severely water - short area in step S403 is:

[0108] SS = {areas in I where R s ≥ α}

[0109]

[0110] where SS is the severely water - short area; I is the main water demand area; R s is the water shortage rate of the administrative region; α is the water shortage rate threshold; W d is the water demand of the administrative region, with the unit of 100 million m 3 ; W s is the water supply volume of the administrative region supplied by the conventional water source area, with the unit of 100 million m 3 .

[0111] In this embodiment, step S4 is specifically as follows: Based on the analysis of the balance between water resources supply and demand and combined with the pattern of territorial space development and protection, divide the main water demand areas, conventional water source areas, severely water - short areas, water resource reserve areas, and emergency backup water source areas. Analyze key areas such as conventional water source areas, severely water - short areas, and water resource reserve areas, laying a foundation for connecting water source areas, reserve areas with the demand side, and further clarifying the backbone projects and backbone rivers and lakes for constructing the three - dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas to ensure water resource security and water supply and use safety.

[0112] The main water demand areas: Take the administrative regions within the region as the analysis unit and analyze the important administrative regions with water demand.

[0113] The conventional water source areas: For the purpose of ensuring normal water supply, combined with natural conditions such as river systems, terrain, landform, geology, and hydrometeorology, on the basis of the existing water supply sources, supplement the planned newly - built water supply sources in the planned water year, and analyze the water supply sources under normal conditions.

[0114] The severely water - short areas: Statistically analyze the water supply capacity of water supply projects in the main water demand areas, including surface water source projects, water diversion and pumping projects, and groundwater utilization projects. Conduct a water resources supply - demand analysis of the main water demand areas. Set a water shortage rate threshold. If the water shortage rate of the main water demand area exceeds the water shortage rate threshold, it is included in the severely water - short area.

[0115] The water resource reserve area: Considering the direction of regional economic and social development, in order to improve the resilience of the water supply system on a medium- and long-term time scale and provide a buffer space for urban and rural water supply to cope with various uncertainties such as climate change and economic and social development, it is analyzed and proposed to construct a regional water resource reserve area, including the types and locations of water sources. In karst mountainous areas, groundwater near the water receiving area can be used as a water resource reserve.

[0116] The emergency backup water source area: To cope with sudden water source pollution and the shortage or unavailability of the available water volume of the common water source caused by problems such as extreme drought climate or seasonal waterlogging in terms of water volume or water quality of the water source, considering the emergency backup water supply demand, it is analyzed and proposed to set up an emergency backup water source. Groundwater in karst mountainous areas can be used as one of the emergency backup water sources.

[0117] The specific content of step S5 is as follows:

[0118] Based on the basic data of the construction area, through the analysis of ecological sensitive areas, the core protection areas and general control areas in the ecological sensitive areas are obtained:

[0119] ES f ={CP f ,NR f}

[0120] ES l ={CP l ,NR l ,NP,AG}

[0121] Among them, ES f is the core protection area in the ecological sensitive area; CP f is the core protection area of the national park; NR f is the core protection area of the nature reserve; ES l is the general control area in the ecological sensitive area; CP l is the general control area of the national park; NR l is the general control area of the nature reserve; NP is the nature park; AG is the aquatic germplasm resource reserve;

[0122] For the core protection areas in the ecological sensitive areas, in principle, human activities are prohibited. Under the condition of ensuring that the main protected objects and the ecological environment are not damaged, the following activities can be carried out or permitted:

[0123] ① Activities such as management and protection patrols, investigation and monitoring, disaster prevention and mitigation, emergency rescue, etc., and the construction of necessary facilities, as well as ecological restoration, pest and disease control of animals and plants, etc. carried out due to pest control and alien species invasion;

[0124] ②Original residents who cannot be relocated temporarily can carry out necessary production activities such as planting, grazing, collecting, fishing, and aquaculture without expanding the existing scale, and repair production and living facilities.

[0125] For the general control areas in the ecologically sensitive areas, human activities are restricted.

[0126] In this embodiment, the step S5 is specifically as follows: Through the analysis of ecologically sensitive areas, clarify the ecological protection red lines that need to be avoided in the construction of the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountainous area. Taking national parks and nature reserves as the key points, combining various natural parks such as forest parks, geological parks, and wetland parks, and taking into account aquatic germplasm resource reserves, propose a list of ecologically sensitive areas in the construction area. Considering that national parks and nature reserves implement zoned management, in principle, human activities are prohibited in the core protection areas and restricted in the general control areas. In ArcGIS, clarify the spatial scopes of the core protection areas and general control areas of national parks and nature reserves. Other nature protection areas such as natural parks and aquatic germplasm resource reserves are generally managed as general control areas.

[0127] The step S6 is specifically as follows:

[0128] S601. Based on the water network level of the construction area, the main water demand areas, and the core protection areas in the ecologically sensitive areas, screen the backbone surface water source projects for constructing the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountainous area according to the project scale and importance:

[0129]

[0130] Among them, BS a is the corresponding backbone surface water source project when the water network level of the construction area is the first-level main water network or the second-level main water network; V is the total reservoir capacity, with the unit of 100 million m 3 ; ES f is the core protection area in the ecologically sensitive area; BS b is the corresponding backbone surface water source project when the water network level of the construction area is the third-level main water network; ∩ is the intersection operation symbol; is the non-intersection operation symbol;

[0131] S602. Obtain the backbone water diversion, pumping, and water transfer projects for constructing the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountainous area:

[0132] BC = M ∪ N

[0133] M = {large and medium-sized water diversion, pumping, and water transfer projects with W ≥ 1}

[0134] N = {water diversion, pumping, and water transfer projects with γ ≤ W < 1 and L i' ≤ δ} ∩ {projects whose water supply objects belong to the main water demand areas}

[0135]

[0136] Among them, BC is the backbone water diversion and pumping project for building the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountain area; M is the large and medium-sized water diversion and pumping project; N is the small water diversion and pumping project that meets the project conditions and the importance of water supply objects; W is the annual water supply of the water diversion and pumping project, with the unit of 100 million m 3 ; γ is the threshold of annual water supply, with the unit of 100 million m 3 ; δ is the threshold of the project condition coefficient; L i' is the project condition coefficient of the i'-th water diversion and pumping project; m is the number of water diversion and pumping projects; i' is the number of the water diversion and pumping project; H i' is the head of the i'-th water diversion and pumping project, with the unit of m; D i' is the water conveyance distance of the i'-th water diversion and pumping project, with the unit of km; ∪ is the union operation symbol;

[0137] S603. Obtain the groundwater utilization projects located in the key water shortage areas and emergency backup water source areas to get the groundwater utilization projects for building the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountain area;

[0138] S604. Obtain the backbone projects for building the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountain area based on the backbone surface water source projects, backbone water diversion and pumping projects, and groundwater utilization projects for building the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountain area;

[0139] S605. Screen the backbone rivers and lakes for building the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountain area based on the scale of the river basins where the rivers and lakes are located and the rivers and lakes where the backbone projects are located.

[0140] The expression for the backbone rivers and lakes for building the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountain area in step S605 is:

[0141] BR = {BR r , BR l}

[0142]

[0143]

[0144] Among them, BR is the backbone rivers and lakes for building the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountain area; BR r is the backbone river for building the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountain area; BR l is the backbone lake for building the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountain area; A is the river basin area, with the unit of km 2 ; R is the proportion of the river basin area within the construction area to the construction area; φ is the threshold of the proportion of the river basin area in the construction area; A r is the river basin area within the construction area, with the unit of km 2 ; RA is the total construction area, with the unit of km 2 .

[0145] The specific steps of step S6 are as follows: According to the project scale and importance, screen and construct the backbone projects of the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas, including surface water source projects, water diversion and pumping projects, groundwater utilization projects, etc. According to factors such as the scale of the river basins where the rivers and lakes are located and the rivers and lakes where the backbone projects are located, screen and construct the backbone rivers and lakes of the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas.

[0146] The specific screening of the backbone projects is as follows: Analyze the necessity and feasibility of the projects, give priority to projects that are crucial to the overall situation and have mature conditions, and combine the analysis of the construction levels of the water network and the project scale. Incorporate projects with important water supply objects into the alternative list of backbone projects for the construction of the three-dimensional water network. Further analyze the spatial relationship between the project layout and the ecologically sensitive areas. Except in special cases, projects involving the core protection areas of nature reserves are not included in the list of backbone projects.

[0147] ① Backbone projects. Around the main water demand areas and key water shortage areas, combine the analysis results of the spatial relationship between the ecologically sensitive areas and the layout of water supply projects, and screen the backbone projects from the existing and planned newly built main water supply projects.

[0148] In groundwater utilization projects, combine the analysis results of key water shortage areas and emergency backup water source areas, and provide supplementary water sources for areas lacking surface water resources and areas with insufficient surface water supply through the utilization of groundwater and karst large springs.

[0149] The specific screening of the backbone rivers and lakes is as follows: Consider factors such as the scale of the river basins where the rivers and lakes are located, the rivers and lakes where the backbone projects are located, and the importance of water supply objects, and comprehensively analyze and determine the list of backbone rivers and lakes. Except for meeting the condition that there is a certain river basin area within the construction area, the screening of the list of backbone rivers and lakes meets the following conditions:

[0150] (1) Large rivers and their main tributaries with a drainage area of more than 3000 km 2 are basically backbone rivers; small and medium-sized rivers with a drainage area of 200 - 3000 km 2 consider the rivers where the backbone projects are located, the rivers crossing the next-level administrative regions within the construction area, and the rivers passing through the main urban areas; rivers with a drainage area of less than 200 km 2 are analyzed in combination with the importance of water supply objects.

[0151] (2) Ecologically degraded lakes that are important water sources or have important ecological functions and status outside uninhabited areas and require ecological water replenishment.

[0152] (3) The rivers and lakes where the water sources of water resource reserve areas are located are included in the backbone rivers and lakes.

[0153] The specific steps of step S7 are as follows: Based on the main water demand areas, key water shortage areas, water resource reserve areas, emergency backup water source areas, construct the backbone projects and backbone rivers and lakes of the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas. According to the principle of high-level water for high-level use and appropriate water pumping, construct a three-dimensional water network with moderately connected river-lake water systems - groundwater systems - water supply and drainage channels that meet four conditions.

[0154] The four conditions are specifically high mountain water source construction, river-reservoir connection, underground water source replenishment, and three-dimensional allocation;

[0155] For the high mountain water source construction, in order to give priority to meeting the water use in mountainous areas and diverting water to concentrated areas for economic and social development such as surrounding flat dam areas to meet their increasing water use, new reservoir water sources are built in high-altitude mountainous areas;

[0156] For the river-reservoir connection, focus on rivers that have the conditions for building reservoirs but lack water sources. Make full use of rivers with sufficient water sources around to improve the water supply guarantee rate, and carry out river-river connection, river-reservoir connection, reservoir-reservoir connection, and interconnection of urban and rural water supply pipelines;

[0157] For the underground water source replenishment, utilize the rich underground water resources in karst mountainous areas, make local use according to local conditions, optimize the layout of the development and utilization of underground water resources, and use it as an important supplement to conventional water source areas, water resource reserve areas, and emergency backup water source areas;

[0158] For the three-dimensional allocation, combine high-level water for high-level use with low-level water for low-level use, combine gravity water conveyance with appropriate water pumping, combine high mountain water source construction with hilly network connection. Through internal networking, network supplementation, strengthening the chain within the region and water diversion from outside the region, integrate the comprehensive water flow allocation pattern with the construction of the regional natural geographical pattern, territorial space pattern, and economic and social pattern. Overall allocate water sources among regions, scientifically regulate the water potential at different elevations, and orderly control the rhythm in terms of time to achieve a four-dimensional integrated comprehensive allocation of water flow in time and space.

[0159] In this embodiment, the specific steps of step S7 are as follows: Based on the three-dimensional topographic and geomorphic features of karst mountainous areas, respecting the natural laws of water flow, on the basis of analyzing key areas for water network construction, backbone projects, and backbone rivers and lakes, adhere to gravity water diversion as the main method, combine storage, diversion, pumping, and regulation, and through three-dimensional water flow allocation, construct a three-dimensional water network system that meets the urban and rural water supply needs of different elevation areas. Fully consider the different topographic and geomorphic features such as mountains, hills, flat dam areas, river valleys, and karst underground in karst mountainous areas, and construct a three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas that meets the four conditions of "high mountain water source construction, river-reservoir connection, underground water source replenishment, and three-dimensional allocation" according to the principle of high-level water for high-level use and appropriate water pumping, forming a natural-artificial composite three-dimensional system driven by water flow.

[0160] ①Build water sources in high mountains. Fully tap the potential of existing water sources in high-altitude mountainous areas, and build necessary reservoir water sources according to local conditions. Give priority to meeting the water use needs of mountainous areas. If conditions permit, divert water to concentrated areas for economic and social development such as surrounding flat areas to meet their increasing water use, and take into account the need for gravity water diversion in a larger area.

[0161] ②Connect rivers and reservoirs. Focus on rivers that have the conditions for building reservoirs but lack water sources, and make full use of rivers with sufficient water sources in the surrounding areas. Take the connection of rivers to rivers, rivers to reservoirs, reservoirs to reservoirs, and the interconnection of urban and rural water supply pipelines as the link to build an urban and rural water supply project system, improve the water supply guarantee rate, enhance the water resources regulation level and water supply guarantee capacity, achieve regulation between wet and dry seasons and multi-source complementarity, and solve the problem of the mismatch between the distribution of water resources and the population and productivity.

[0162] ③Recharge groundwater. Utilize the rich groundwater resources in karst mountainous areas, and use methods such as diverting springs, intercepting and diverting underground rivers, and building underground reservoirs to make local use in suitable areas according to local conditions. Optimize the layout of groundwater development and utilization, and use it as an important supplement to conventional water source areas, water resource reserve areas, and emergency backup water source areas to enhance the resilience of the regional water supply system and give full play to the due role of groundwater resources.

[0163] ④Three-dimensional allocation. Adhere to the combination of high-level water for high-level use and low-level water for low-level use, the combination of gravity water conveyance and appropriate water lifting, and the combination of building water sources in high mountains and connecting networks in hilly areas. Through internal networking, network supplementation, strengthening the chain within the region and diverting water from outside the region, integrate the comprehensive water flow allocation pattern with the construction of the regional natural geography pattern, territorial space pattern, and economic and social pattern. Overall allocate water sources among regions, scientifically regulate the water potential at different elevations, and orderly regulate the rhythm in terms of time to achieve a four-dimensional integrated comprehensive allocation of water flow in space and time.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a three-dimensional water network in a karst mountain area, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Determine the construction area of ​​the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountainous area, the level of the regional water network, and the current level year and planning level year for analyzing water-deficient areas and selecting water network backbone projects; S2. Collect basic information about the construction area; S3. Based on the basic data of the construction area, the mountain terrain analysis, river and lake water system structure analysis, underground karst landform and karst water status analysis, water resources and their development and utilization status analysis and major water supply projects status analysis are carried out to obtain the status analysis results of the water network construction in the construction area; S4. Based on the analysis results of the current status of regional water network construction, the current level year and the planned level year, based on the water resources supply and demand balance analysis, combined with the land space development and protection pattern, divide the main water demand areas, key water shortage areas, water resources reserve areas and emergency backup water source areas; S5. Based on the basic data of the construction area, through the analysis of ecological sensitive areas, the ecological protection red line that needs to be avoided in the construction of the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountain area is clearly defined, and the core protection area in the ecological sensitive area is obtained; S6. Based on the regional water network level, major water-demanding areas, key water-deficient areas, water resource reserve areas and core protection areas in ecologically sensitive areas, the backbone projects for building a three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas shall be selected based on the scale and importance of the projects. The backbone rivers and lakes for building a three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas shall also be selected based on the scale of the river and lake basins where the rivers and lakes are located and the rivers and lakes where the backbone projects are located; S7. Based on the main water-demanding areas, key water-deficient areas, water resource reserve areas, emergency backup water source areas, and the backbone projects and rivers and lakes of the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountainous areas, and considering the elevation relationship between the water supply source and the water receiving area, a three-dimensional water network with moderate connectivity between the river and lake water system, groundwater system, and water supply and drainage channels is constructed.

2. The method for constructing a three-dimensional water network in a karst mountain area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The level of the regional water network constructed in step S1 is determined based on the administrative level of the construction area, which are, from high to low, the first-level main water network, the second-level main water network and the third-level main water network.

3. The method for constructing a three-dimensional water network in a karst mountain area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S4 is specifically as follows: S401, based on the administrative districts of the construction area, obtain important administrative districts requiring water, and obtain major water-requiring areas; S402. Based on the analysis results of the current status of regional water network construction, the water sources to be newly built in the planning level year are supplemented on the basis of the water sources already built in the current level year to obtain the conventional water source area; S403, setting a water shortage rate threshold, and combining with conventional water source areas, listing major water demand areas whose water shortage rates exceed the water shortage rate threshold as key water shortage areas; S404. Based on the analysis results of the current status of regional water network construction, rivers that can be stored and utilized and groundwater in karst mountainous areas are used as water resource reserve areas; S405. For cities at or above the county level that are supplied by a single water source within the construction area, newly built surface water source projects and groundwater in karst mountainous areas will be used as emergency backup water source areas.

4. The method for constructing a three-dimensional water network in a karst mountain area according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step S401 is specifically as follows: S4011. Sort the areas of the administrative districts in the construction area from large to small, and determine a score sorting set from large to small according to the proportion of the areas of the administrative districts in the construction area to the total area of ​​the construction area: G={g z },z=1,2,...n Among them, G is a set of scores sorted from large to small; g z is the zth score of the constructed area; z is the score number; n is the total number of scores; RA z is the area of ​​the administrative district corresponding to the zth score of the constructed area; RA is the total area of ​​the constructed area; S4012. Using permanent population, per capita GDP and urbanization rate as evaluation criteria, and based on the proportion of the administrative districts in the constructed region in a single evaluation criterion to the total value of the constructed region evaluation criterion, obtain the dimensionless ranking index of each evaluation criterion for each administrative district: Among them, Z ij is the dimensionless ranking index of the jth evaluation standard in the i-th administrative district; i is the administrative district number; j is the evaluation standard number; Q ij is the value of the jth evaluation criterion in the ith administrative district; S4013. Sort the dimensionless ranking index of each evaluation standard of each administrative district from large to small to obtain the ranking result, and assign points according to the ranking result by sorting the scores from large to small in the corresponding ranking to obtain the importance score of each administrative district: Among them, G i is the importance score of the i-th administrative district; g ij Assign a score to the jth evaluation criterion for the i-th administrative district; S4014. Sort the importance scores of each administrative area from large to small, and take the administrative areas before the median and the administrative areas with large irrigation areas with an irrigation area of ​​≥ 500,000 mu as the main water-demanding areas I.

5. The method for constructing a three-dimensional water network in a karst mountain area according to claim 3, characterized in that: The expression of the key water-deficient area in step S403 is: SS={I in R s ≥α area} Among them, SS is the key water-deficient area; I is the main water-demanding area; R s is the water shortage rate of the administrative area; α is the water shortage rate threshold; W d is the water demand of the administrative area; W s The amount of water supplied to the administrative area that supplies water to the conventional water source area.

6. The method for constructing a three-dimensional water network in a karst mountain area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S5 is specifically as follows: According to the basic data of the construction area, through the analysis of ecological sensitive areas, the core protection area and the general control area in the ecological sensitive area are obtained: ES f ={CP f ,NR f } IT l ={CP l ,NR l ,NP,AG} Among them, ES f It is a core protection area in an ecologically sensitive area; CP f It is the core protected area of ​​the national park; NR f It is the core protection area of ​​the nature reserve; ES l It is a general control area in the ecologically sensitive area; CP l It is the general control area of ​​the National Park; NR l It is the general control area of ​​the nature reserve; NP is the nature park; AG is the aquatic germplasm resources protection area.

7. The method for constructing a three-dimensional water network in a karst mountain area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S6 is specifically as follows: S601. Based on the regional water network level, major water demand areas and core protection areas in ecologically sensitive areas, select the backbone surface water source projects for the construction of a three-dimensional water network in the karst mountainous area based on the project scale and importance: Among them, BS a is the corresponding backbone surface water source project when the regional water network level is the first-level main water network or the second-level main water network; V is the total storage capacity of the reservoir; ES f It is a core protection area in an ecologically sensitive area; BS b It is the corresponding backbone surface water source project when the regional water network level is the third-level main water network; ∩ is the intersection symbol; is the non-intersection operator symbol; S602. Obtain the backbone water diversion and lifting projects for building a three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas: BC=M∪N M={large and medium-sized water diversion projects with W≥1} N={γ≤W<1 and L i' ≤δ water diversion projects}∩{water supply targets belong to the main water demand areas} Among them, BC is the backbone water diversion and lifting project for building a three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas; M is a large or medium-sized water diversion and lifting project; N is a small water diversion and lifting project that meets the project conditions and the importance of the water supply object; W is the annual water supply of the water diversion and lifting project; γ is the annual water supply threshold; δ is the engineering condition coefficient threshold; L i' is the engineering condition coefficient of the i'th water diversion project; m is the number of water diversion projects; i' is the number of water diversion projects; H i' D is the head of the i'th water diversion project; i' is the water transfer distance of the i'th water diversion project; ∪ is the conjunction symbol; S603, obtaining groundwater utilization projects located in key water-deficient areas and emergency backup water source areas, and obtaining groundwater utilization projects for constructing a three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas; S604, according to the backbone surface water source projects, backbone water diversion and regulation projects and groundwater utilization projects for constructing the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountainous area, the backbone projects for constructing the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountainous area are obtained; S605. Based on the scale of the river and lake basins and the rivers and lakes where the key projects are located, select the key rivers and lakes for constructing the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountainous areas.

8. The method for constructing a three-dimensional water network in a karst mountain area according to claim 7, characterized in that: The expression for constructing the backbone rivers and lakes of the three-dimensional water network in the karst mountain area in step S605 is: BR={BR r ,BR l } Among them, BR is the backbone river and lake for constructing the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas; BR r It is the backbone river for building a three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas; BR l is the backbone lake for constructing the three-dimensional water network in karst mountainous areas; A is the river basin area; R is the proportion of the river basin area in the construction area to the construction area; φ is the threshold of the river basin area in the construction area; A r is the river basin area within the construction area; RA is the total area of ​​the construction area.

Images