Ecological slope protection structure and construction method

Abstract

This invention provides an ecological slope protection structure and construction method, including vegetated concrete. The vegetated concrete comprises microcapsules, capsules, microorganisms and nutrients, porous expanded clay, magnetic materials, porous aggregates, mineral stones, wire mesh, and pores. This technology uses porous concrete as a framework, filling its pores with suitable biomass, and then incorporating plant seeds into its surface. After a period of time, the plants germinate, their roots extend and grow in the pores, and eventually bond with the concrete, resulting in an environmentally friendly slope protection technology that provides both strength and vegetation coverage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering repair, specifically to an ecological slope protection structure and construction method. Background Technology

[0002] In infrastructure construction projects such as water conservancy, power, highways, and railways, large-scale slope excavation is often required. This slope development destroys the original vegetation cover, exposing large amounts of soil and rock, leading to a series of ecological imbalances. To address engineering stability issues, concrete slope protection is commonly used. While rigid, dense concrete slope protection is a high-strength and durable form, it is hard, dull in color, and has poor aesthetic appeal. Furthermore, it has low porosity and is highly alkaline. This completely enclosed slope protection method hinders the exchange of matter and energy between the slope and the atmosphere, damaging the ecological environment necessary for vegetation growth. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an ecological slope protection structure and construction method. This slope protection structure uses porous concrete as a skeleton, fills its pores with suitable materials, and then mixes plant seeds into its surface. After a period of time, the plants sprout, the roots extend and grow in the pores, and finally combine with the concrete to become an environmentally friendly slope protection material that has both strength and vegetation coverage.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned technical features, the present invention aims to provide an ecological slope protection structure comprising vegetated concrete, wherein the vegetated concrete comprises microcapsules.

[0005] The microcapsule is composed of microorganisms and nutrients encapsulated in a capsule, porous ceramic particles, and magnetic materials;

[0006] It also includes porous aggregates, mineral stones, and wire mesh;

[0007] The wire mesh is provided with protruding wire rods and wire trays.

[0008] Preferably, the outer capsule of the microcapsule is made of plant fiber or animal glue through processing.

[0009] Preferably, the microorganisms and nutrients are obtained by weighing 1-15 parts by weight of NPK compound fertilizer, 1-15 parts by weight of organic powder, 1-15 parts by weight of slow-release organic fertilizer, 1-5 parts by weight of rooting powder, and 10-20 parts by weight of water, stirring evenly to obtain a nutrient solution, adding 0.1-5 parts by weight of water-retaining agent to the nutrient solution to obtain a hydrogel, then drying and grinding the hydrogel, and combining it with 1-5 parts by weight of microbial agent and 1-25 parts by weight of slow-release nutrient agent to obtain the components required for plant growth, and filling the capsules to obtain microcapsules.

[0010] Preferably, the microcapsule is filled with microorganisms, nutrients, and porous ceramic particles. The pores of the porous ceramic particles are filled with magnetic materials, microorganisms, and nutrients, which can slowly release nutrients.

[0011] Preferably, the porous aggregate is made of natural porous structure, has a certain strength, and the porous structure is a natural channel for the transport of water and nutrients. The porous aggregate is processed by soaking it in a bacterial solution that is conducive to the growth of vegetation in advance.

[0012] Preferably, the porous aggregate is made of reef limestone crushed stone, and the bacterial solution that promotes vegetation growth is made of Bacillus licheniformis bacterial solution or Bacillus subtilis bacterial solution.

[0013] Preferably, the mineral stone is selected from nitrogen-, phosphorus-, and potassium-containing minerals and contains a variety of beneficial bacteria.

[0014] Preferably, the wire mesh is located at the bottom layer of the vegetation concrete. The wire mesh is magnetized and has magnetic properties. Porous ceramsite is pressed onto the wire mesh by the internal magnetic material. The pressing force is adjusted by the amount of magnetic powder, the particle size of the magnetic powder, and the external magnetic field to resist external erosion.

[0015] Preferably, the wire mesh is spaced at a certain distance, and protruding wire rods are arranged on the wire mesh. The wire rods are made of multiple strands of wire. The wire rods are driven into the rock mass to fix the wire mesh, and the wires at the ends of the wire rods are bent into wire trays like trays.

[0016] After the microcapsules decompose, they undergo weathering, forming interconnected pores in the vegetation concrete.

[0017] An ecological slope protection structure and construction method, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: Slope trimming:

[0019] Remove all obstacles on the slope that hinder construction, including: removing weeds, fallen leaves and dead branches, loose soil and topsoil; removing vegetation joints; clearing the interface of the original slope above the slope edge line, clearing a width of 1.0-1.5 meters; removing the plant branches on the original slope, without digging out the underground roots. This area is the transition zone between the project and the original slope, that is, the vegetation joint.

[0020] Step 2, Slope trimming:

[0021] For dangerous rock masses that are obviously prone to protrusion, the blasting method is adopted. First, the electric hammer or pneumatic pick is used to drill holes along the slope at the protrusion, and then the hammer is used to break it up.

[0022] Step 3: Laying and installing wire mesh and anchors:

[0023] Use 50-100 cm long extension piles. In areas with severe local rock weathering at slope angles of 80-100 degrees, the anchorage length should be appropriately extended until the anchorage is stable within the slope. Drill holes on the slope to increase roughness and sprinkle magnetic powder into the holes. Lay wire mesh from top to bottom, and place wire rods every 0.5-1 meter. Drive the wire mesh into the rock mass to fix it. Fold the wire at the end of the wire rod back and bend it into a wire tray, and then tighten it.

[0024] Step 4: Preparation of vegetation concrete substrate:

[0025] 25-50 parts cement, 1-10 parts gypsum, 1-10 parts porous aggregate, 1-10 parts mineral stone, and 1-5 parts additives are mixed in proportion to prepare the materials. After thorough mixing with a mixer, microcapsules and crop straw are added. The additives mainly react chemically with the cement, which can neutralize the severe alkalinity caused by the addition of cement, adjust the pH value of the substrate, and reduce the heat of hydration.

[0026] Step 5, Vegetation Concrete Spraying:

[0027] The equipment used for spraying is a concrete spraying machine, which sprays the slope from top to bottom. Each spraying is 4 to 6 meters wide and 3 to 5 meters high, and micro-vibration is added to the surface. The slurry enters the drilled holes on the slope.

[0028] Step 6: Topsoil application and vegetation spraying:

[0029] The topsoil consists of 0-20 parts plant organic matter powder and 50-80 parts soil organic matter, laid on a vegetated concrete structure. Spraying is carried out by an air compressor with a capacity of more than 12 cubic meters, and pre-cultivated plant seeds are sprayed on.

[0030] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. This invention addresses the issue of damaging the ecological environment necessary for vegetation growth when reinforcing slopes. It innovatively proposes an ecological slope protection technology using vegetation concrete, which can be applied to slope reinforcement, urban beautification, and construction.

[0032] 2. The microcapsules used in this invention provide channels for the infiltration of nutrients and water into plants, and propose the component ratios required for vegetation growth.

[0033] 3. The microcapsules used in this invention are filled with microorganisms and nutrients, and also contain porous ceramsite. This is because plants require a large amount of nutrients, and the porous structure of the ceramsite can store these nutrients and also act as aggregate. Furthermore, considering that plant growth requires a continuous and slow release of nutrients, the outer capsule needs to be broken down so that the stored nutrients within the porous structure can be slowly released, thus achieving a sustained-release effect.

[0034] 4. The porous aggregate proposed in this invention has the function of supporting aggregate and serving as a carrier for trace elements and microbial colonies.

[0035] 5. The present invention proposes a magnetic wire mesh at the bottom layer of the vegetation concrete. At this time, the porous ceramsite is firmly adsorbed to the wire mesh by the internal magnetic material, which can ensure that there are nutrients in the deeper part of the vegetation concrete. At the same time, the protruding wire rods can enhance the ability of the vegetation concrete structure to resist external erosion.

[0036] 6. The vegetation concrete substrate formulation proposed in this invention ensures both support strength and a suitable growth environment for vegetation. It possesses the following advantages: 1) Protective properties: The high compressive strength of concrete, together with plant roots, forms a slope protection system; 2) Permeability: The large pore structure of the soil facilitates rapid rainwater infiltration, preventing flooding and effectively replenishing groundwater; 3) Cleanliness: The filler filters out impurities and provides a habitat for microorganisms in the water, thus purifying the water; 4) Aesthetic appeal: The concrete-covered surface is vibrant due to the presence of vegetation. This vegetation not only forms a thick layer but also adapts to different climatic conditions, maintaining high vitality and growth. Therefore, over the long term, this greening significantly enhances the landscape value of the space, creating a vibrant and naturally beautiful environment; 5) Environmental friendliness: Compared to ordinary concrete, vegetation concrete requires no sand, reducing cement usage by 1 / 4 to 1 / 3, and its byproducts have a smaller environmental impact. Attached Figure Description

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the vegetation concrete involved in the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the wire rod and wire tray involved in the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the first composite structure of the microcapsules involved in this invention.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the second composite structure of the microcapsules involved in this invention.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the porous ceramic particles carrying nutrients involved in this invention.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of nutrient transport in the roots of plants involved in this invention.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal interconnected pores of the vegetation concrete involved in this invention.

[0045] In the diagram: 1. Vegetation concrete; 2. Microcapsule; 201. Capsule; 202. Microorganisms and nutrients; 203. Porous ceramsite; 204. Magnetic material; 3. Porous aggregate; 4. Mineral stone; 5. Wire mesh; 501. Wire rod; 502. Wire tray; 6. Pores. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0047] Example 1:

[0048] like Figures 1-4 As shown, an ecological slope protection technology includes vegetated concrete 1, which comprises microcapsules 2. Each microcapsule 2 consists of capsules 201 encapsulating microorganisms and nutrients 202, porous expanded clay granules 203, and magnetic material 204. Other components include porous aggregate 3, mineral stone 4, wire mesh 5, wire rods 501, wire trays 502, and pores 6. This invention addresses the issue of destroying the ecological environment necessary for vegetation growth when reinforcing slopes, and innovatively proposes an ecological slope protection technology using vegetated concrete, which can be applied to slope reinforcement, urban beautification, and construction.

[0049] Furthermore, the outer capsule 201 of the microcapsule 2 is made of plant fiber or animal glue through processing. After water and air permeate into the vegetation concrete, it decomposes, and the decomposition products are absorbed by the plant roots, while releasing the stored microorganisms and nutrients.

[0050] Furthermore, the microorganisms and nutrients 202 are obtained by weighing 1-15 parts of NPK compound fertilizer, 1-15 parts of organic powder, 1-15 parts of slow-release organic fertilizer, 1-5 parts of rooting powder, and 10-20 parts of water, stirring evenly, and then adding 0.1-5 parts of water-retaining agent to the nutrient solution to obtain a hydrogel. The hydrogel is then dried and ground, and 1-5 parts of compound microbial agent and 1-25 parts of slow-release nutrient agent are added to obtain the components required for plant growth. These components are then filled into capsules 201 to obtain microcapsules 2.

[0051] The microcapsules are filled with microorganisms and nutrients, and also contain porous ceramsite. On the one hand, because plants require a large amount of nutrients, the porous structure of the ceramsite can store the nutrients and also act as an aggregate filler. On the other hand, considering that plants need to release nutrients continuously and slowly, the nutrients stored in the porous structure need to be slowly released after the outer capsule is decomposed, thus playing a slow-release role.

[0052] After the microcapsules decompose, they form cavities in the vegetation concrete. After further differentiation, interconnected pores are formed inside, allowing water to reach the roots of the vegetation along the pores, thus meeting the basic needs of vegetation growth.

[0053] Vegetation concrete also includes crop straw, which, after decomposition, releases high levels of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, at rates of 50%–90%, 50%–70%, 80%–100%, and 80%–100%, respectively, providing essential nutrients for plant growth.

[0054] Furthermore, the porous aggregate 3 is made of natural porous structures such as reef limestone crushed stone, which has a certain strength and the porous structure is a natural channel for the transport of water and nutrients. The porous aggregate 3 is processed by soaking it in bacterial solutions such as Bacillus licheniformis solution and Bacillus subtilis solution, which are beneficial to vegetation growth.

[0055] Furthermore, the mineral stone 4 can be selected from nitrogen-, phosphorus-, and potassium-containing ores such as phosphate rock and magnesium silicate minerals, combined with various beneficial bacteria. In the later stages, it can slowly form phosphate (PO4). 3- Aluminosilicate microcrystals, Ca3(PO4) 2 It produces CaSiO3 and MgSiO3, and can also generate large amounts of silicon, calcium, and magnesium, which can improve the soil and serve as a base fertilizer for plants.

[0056] Furthermore, vegetation concrete also includes additives, the purpose of which is to change the unfavorable environment for plant growth after cement hydration. The additives react chemically with cement to neutralize the severe alkalinity caused by cement addition, adjust the pH value of the substrate, and reduce the heat of hydration.

[0057] Furthermore, the wire mesh 5 is located at the bottom layer of the vegetated concrete 1. After being magnetized, the wire mesh 5 becomes magnetic. The porous expanded clay aggregate 203, driven by the internal magnetic material 204, is firmly pressed against the wire mesh 5. The pressing force can be adjusted by the amount of magnetic powder, the particle size of the magnetic powder, and the applied magnetic field to resist external erosion. Simultaneously, it forms a nutrient zone that can react with minerals and release nutrients. This also enhances the vegetated concrete structure's resistance to external erosion.

[0058] When spraying vegetation concrete, micro-vibration is applied to the surface. Under the influence of external force vibration and external magnetic field adsorption, the slurry enters the drilled holes on the slope, enhancing the adhesion of the vegetation concrete to the rock wall.

[0059] Furthermore, the wire mesh 5 is spaced at certain intervals, and protruding wire rods 501 are arranged on the wire mesh. The wire rods 501 are made of multiple strands of wire. The wire rods 501 are driven into the rock mass to fix the wire mesh. The wire at the end of the wire rods 501 is bent into a wire tray 502 like a tray.

[0060] Furthermore, after the microcapsule 2 decomposes, it undergoes weathering to form interconnected pores 5 in the vegetation concrete 1.

[0061] Example 2:

[0062] An ecological slope protection technology, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0063] Step 1: Slope trimming:

[0064] Remove all obstacles on the slope that hinder construction. This includes: removing weeds, fallen leaves, dead branches, and loose soil from the slope surface; removing vegetation junctions. Clear the existing slope interface above the slope edge line, clearing a width of 1.0-1.5 meters, and remove the original plant branches from the slope. It is not necessary to dig up the underground roots. This area is the transition zone between the project and the existing slope, i.e., the vegetation junction.

[0065] Step 2, Slope trimming:

[0066] For dangerous rock masses that are obviously prone to protrusion, the blasting method is adopted. First, the electric hammer or pneumatic pick is used to drill holes along the slope at the protrusion, and then the hammer is used to break it up.

[0067] Step 3: Laying and installing wire mesh and anchors:

[0068] For reinforcement, extension piles of 50-100 cm in length can be used. In areas with severe localized rock weathering at slope angles of 80-100 degrees, the anchorage length should be appropriately extended until the anchorage is stable within the slope. Drill holes in the slope surface to increase roughness, and sprinkle magnetic powder into the holes. Lay wire mesh from top to bottom and then tighten it.

[0069] Step 4: Preparation of vegetation concrete substrate:

[0070] The following materials are prepared: 25-50 parts cement, 1-10 parts gypsum, 1-10 parts porous aggregate, 1-10 parts mineral stone, and 1-5 parts additives. After thorough mixing using a mixer, microcapsules and crop straw are added. The additives primarily react chemically with the cement, neutralizing the severe alkalinity introduced by the cement, adjusting the pH of the substrate, and reducing the heat of hydration.

[0071] Step 5: Topsoil laying:

[0072] The equipment used for spraying is a general concrete spraying machine. The spraying is carried out from top to bottom on the slope. Each spraying is 4 to 6 meters wide and 3 to 5 meters high. Micro-vibration is added to the surface, and the slurry enters the drilled holes on the slope.

[0073] Step 6: Vegetation Concrete Spraying:

[0074] The equipment used for spraying is a general concrete spraying machine, which sprays the slope from top to bottom. Each spraying section is 4 to 6 meters wide and 3 to 5 meters high. The spraying is carried out by an air compressor with a capacity of more than 12 cubic meters, which sprays the pre-cultivated plant seeds.

Claims

1. A construction method for an ecological slope protection structure, the ecological slope protection structure comprising vegetated concrete, the vegetated concrete comprising microcapsules; the microcapsules are composed of microorganisms and nutrients, porous ceramsite, and magnetic materials encapsulated within capsules; it also comprises porous aggregate, mineral stone, and wire mesh; protruding wire rods and wire trays are arranged on the wire mesh; the microcapsules are filled with microorganisms and nutrients and porous ceramsite, the pores of the porous ceramsite being filled with magnetic materials and microorganisms and nutrients, capable of slowly releasing nutrients; the wire mesh is located at the bottom layer of the vegetated concrete, the wire mesh is magnetized, and the porous ceramsite, driven by the internal magnetic materials, presses against the wire mesh, and the pressing force is adjusted by the amount of magnetic powder, the particle size of the magnetic powder, and the external magnetic field to resist external erosion; The construction method includes the following steps: Step 1: Slope trimming: Remove all obstacles on the slope that hinder construction, including: removing weeds, fallen leaves and dead branches, loose soil and topsoil; removing vegetation joints; clearing the interface of the original slope above the slope edge line, clearing a width of 1.0-1.5 meters; removing the plant branches on the original slope, without digging out the underground roots. This area is the transition zone between the project and the original slope, that is, the vegetation joint. Step 2, Slope trimming: For dangerous rock masses that are obviously prone to protrusion, the blasting method is adopted. First, the electric hammer or pneumatic pick is used to drill holes along the slope at the protrusion, and then the hammer is used to break it up. Step 3: Laying and installing wire mesh and anchors: Use 50-100 cm long extension piles. In areas with severe local rock weathering at slope angles of 80-100 degrees, the anchorage length should be appropriately extended until the anchorage is stable within the slope. Drill holes on the slope to increase roughness and sprinkle magnetic powder into the holes. Lay wire mesh from top to bottom, and place wire rods every 0.5-1 meter. Drive the wire mesh into the rock mass to fix it. Fold the wire at the end of the wire rod back and bend it into a wire tray, and then tighten it. Step 4: Preparation of vegetation concrete substrate: 25-50 parts cement, 1-10 parts gypsum, 1-10 parts porous aggregate, 1-10 parts mineral stone, and 1-5 parts additives are mixed in proportion to prepare the materials. After thorough mixing with a mixer, microcapsules and crop straw are added. The additives mainly react chemically with the cement, which can neutralize the severe alkalinity caused by the addition of cement, adjust the pH value of the substrate, and reduce the heat of hydration. Step 5, Vegetation Concrete Spraying: The equipment used for spraying is a concrete spraying machine, which sprays the slope from top to bottom. Each spraying is 4 to 6 meters wide and 3 to 5 meters high, and micro-vibration is added to the surface. The slurry enters the drilled holes on the slope. Step 6: Topsoil laying and vegetation spraying: The topsoil consists of 0-20 parts plant organic matter powder and 50-80 parts soil organic matter, laid on a vegetated concrete structure. Spraying is carried out by an air compressor with a capacity of more than 12 cubic meters, and pre-cultivated plant seeds are sprayed on.

2. The construction method of the ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer capsule of the microcapsule is made from plant fiber or animal glue through processing.

3. The construction method of the ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microorganisms and nutrients are obtained by weighing 1-15 parts NPK compound fertilizer, 1-15 parts organic powder, 1-15 parts slow-release organic fertilizer, 1-5 parts rooting powder, and 10-20 parts water by weight, stirring evenly to obtain a nutrient solution, adding 0.1-5 parts water-retaining agent to the nutrient solution to obtain a hydrogel, then drying and grinding the hydrogel, and combining it with 1-5 parts microbial agent and 1-25 parts slow-release nutrient agent by weight to obtain the components required for plant growth, which are then filled into capsules to obtain microcapsules.

4. The construction method of the ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous aggregate is made of natural porous structure, which has a certain strength. The porous structure is a natural channel for the transport of water and nutrients. The porous aggregate is processed by soaking it in a bacterial solution that is conducive to the growth of vegetation in advance.

5. The construction method of the ecological slope protection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The porous aggregate is made of reef limestone crushed stone, and the bacterial solution that promotes vegetation growth is made of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis.

6. The construction method of the ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mineral stone is selected from nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium-containing ores and contains a variety of beneficial bacteria.

7. The construction method of the ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wire mesh is spaced at certain intervals, and protruding wire rods are arranged on the wire mesh. The wire rods are made of multiple strands of wire. The wire rods are driven into the rock mass to fix the wire mesh. The wire at the end of the wire rod is bent into a wire tray like a tray. After the microcapsules decompose, they are weathered, and the vegetation concrete forms interconnected pores.

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