Vehicle battery cooling structure

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery, including a battery installation compartment and a heat dissipation compartment, wherein a cooling compartment is arranged on the outside of the battery installation compartment; a plurality of strip-shaped installation openings are arranged on the side panels of the battery installation compartment, wherein the top wall and the bottom wall of the strip-shaped installation openings are both arc-shaped, an adjustment shaft is arranged in the strip-shaped installation opening, one end of the adjustment shaft is connected to a driving mechanism, and a strip-shaped installation hole is arranged in the adjustment shaft; a heat dissipation cavity is arranged inside the heat dissipation compartment, a liquid absorption core is arranged on the inner wall of the heat dissipation cavity, and a working medium is arranged in the liquid absorption core; a plurality of liquid absorption balls are arranged in the heat dissipation cavity; the heat absorption section of the heat dissipation compartment is located in the battery installation compartment, and the heat dissipation section is located in the cooling compartment. The present invention arranges a plurality of liquid absorption balls whose positions are constantly changed in the heat dissipation compartment, and when the liquid absorption balls move to the heat dissipation section, they can absorb the liquid working medium in the heat dissipation section, and then drive the liquid working medium to quickly return to the heat absorption section, and the above process is circulated, which can prompt the working medium to return to the heat absorption section faster, thereby accelerating the circulation speed of the working medium and improving the heat dissipation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of heat dissipation of batteries for new energy vehicles, and in particular to a heat dissipation structure for a vehicle battery. Background Art

[0002] The battery is the core component of new energy vehicles and is used to supply power to various components of the vehicle. During operation, the battery inevitably generates a large amount of heat, and a heat dissipation mechanism must be used to dissipate the heat from the battery to ensure the performance and safety of the battery.

[0003] At present, common battery heat dissipation methods include air cooling, water cooling, etc., such as CN201310704187.9 Electric vehicle battery box heat dissipation method and heat dissipation mechanism, CN201510780638.6 A vehicle-mounted battery water cooling heat dissipation system and battery water cooling heat dissipation method and other existing technologies. Air cooling has a good heat dissipation effect, but it is necessary to open a ventilation channel to facilitate ventilation of the battery. The air will inevitably carry dust. In particular, when the vehicle is driving on the road, the dust on the road enters the air. The air and dust reach the battery through the ventilation channel and are easily adhered to the battery, affecting the battery's performance and heat dissipation. When water cooling is used, the battery can be installed in a closed manner, and the dust from the outside will not adhere to the battery, but the heat dissipation efficiency depends on the temperature of the water and the flow of the water. Due to limited space and limited water flow, the water temperature continues to rise and the heat dissipation effect gradually deteriorates.

[0004] Phase change material is a material that can absorb or release a large amount of latent heat. At present, phase change material is used in the heat dissipation field of new energy vehicle batteries. For example, CN201710452811.9 discloses a phase change heat dissipation structure of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries. The working fluid absorbs heat and vaporizes. The left condensation air cavity and the right condensation air cavity are both provided with condensation cavities connected to the liquid absorbent core mounting groove, which can facilitate the condensation of gas working fluid into liquid and adsorb it on the liquid absorbent core again. Then, the liquid working fluid continues to absorb heat and vaporizes to take away the heat, thus forming a phase change cycle. When this heat dissipation structure is used, after the working fluid condenses in the condensation air cavity, it is difficult to be quickly adsorbed on the liquid absorbent core, and the working fluid circulation speed is slow, which affects the heat dissipation efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a vehicle battery heat dissipation structure to increase the circulation speed of the phase change working medium and thus improve the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a vehicle battery heat dissipation structure comprises a battery installation compartment and a heat dissipation compartment, a cooling compartment is arranged on the outer side of the battery installation compartment, and a cooling cavity is arranged in the cooling compartment; a plurality of extended strip-shaped installation openings are arranged on the side panel of the battery installation compartment, the top wall and the bottom wall of the strip-shaped installation openings are both arc-shaped, an adjusting shaft is arranged in the strip-shaped installation opening, the outer wall of the adjusting shaft fits the top wall and the bottom wall of the strip-shaped installation opening, and one end of the adjusting shaft is connected to a driving mechanism for driving the adjusting shaft to rotate, a strip-shaped installation hole is arranged in the adjusting shaft, and the length direction of the strip-shaped installation hole is consistent with the length direction of the adjusting shaft; a heat dissipation cavity is arranged inside the heat dissipation compartment, a liquid absorption core is arranged on the inner wall of the heat dissipation cavity, and a working medium is arranged in the liquid absorption core; a plurality of liquid absorption balls are arranged in the heat dissipation cavity; the heat dissipation compartment comprises a heat absorption section, a mounting section and a heat dissipation section, the heat absorption section is located in the battery installation compartment, the mounting section is fixedly mounted in the strip-shaped mounting hole, and the heat dissipation section is located in the cooling cavity.

[0007] Furthermore, the liquid-absorbing ball comprises a liquid-absorbing layer, a metal layer and a solid-liquid phase change material layer which are sequentially arranged from the outside to the inside, and the phase change temperature of the solid-liquid phase change material is 35 to 40 degrees Celsius.

[0008] Furthermore, the working fluid is pure water.

[0009] Furthermore, the liquid absorbing layer is a sponge layer.

[0010] Furthermore, an air inlet is provided at one end of the cooling chamber, and an exhaust port is provided at the other end. A fan is provided in the air inlet, and the air inlet is connected to a dust removal mechanism.

[0011] Furthermore, the dust removal mechanism includes a filter cabin, a detachable end plate is provided at one end of the filter cabin, a detachable scraper is provided on the inner wall of the other end, a scraper ring is provided on the inner edge of the scraper, the longitudinal section of the scraper ring is a right triangle, and the scraper and the scraper ring are both slidingly matched with the inner wall of the filter cabin; a positioning ring plate is provided inside the filter cabin, a filter net is provided in the center hole of the positioning ring plate, the positioning ring plate is slidingly matched with the inner wall of the filter cabin, and the positioning ring plate is connected to the filter cabin through a positioning piece; an air inlet is provided on the side wall of the filter cabin between the positioning ring plate and the scraper, and an air outlet is provided on the side wall of the filter cabin between the positioning ring plate and the end plate.

[0012] Furthermore, a guide column is arranged on the inner side of the scraper, and the guide column passes through the positioning ring plate and the end plate and is slidably matched with the positioning ring plate and the end plate.

[0013] Furthermore, a notch is provided on the side edge of the positioning ring plate facing the scraper plate, and the scraper ring can fill the notch.

[0014] Furthermore, the positioning members are a plurality of screws which radially penetrate the side wall of the filter cabin and are threadedly connected to the positioning ring plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the outer walls of the heat absorbing section and the heat dissipating section are provided with a plurality of heat conducting fins.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention installs the heat dissipation cabin on the adjustment shaft, and the adjustment shaft can rotate under the drive of the driving mechanism, thereby driving the heat dissipation cabin to rotate and change the angle of the heat dissipation cabin. For example, in the initial position, the height of the heat absorption section is lower than the height of the heat dissipation section, and the liquid absorption ball is located in the heat absorption section. After the adjustment shaft drives the heat dissipation cabin to rotate a certain angle, the heat absorption section rotates to a position higher than the heat dissipation section, and the liquid absorption ball rolls into the heat dissipation section. Therefore, by driving the heat dissipation cabin to swing back and forth, the position of the liquid absorption ball can be continuously changed. In the present invention, the liquid working medium vaporizes after absorbing heat in the heat absorption section, and then flows to the heat dissipation section, and then releases heat and liquefies in the heat dissipation section to achieve heat transfer and complete the heat dissipation of the battery. If the heat dissipation cabin is fixedly installed, the liquefied working medium in the heat dissipation section cannot quickly return to the heat absorption section, resulting in a slow circulation speed of the working medium. The present invention arranges a plurality of liquid absorbing balls whose positions are constantly changing in the heat dissipation cabin. The liquid absorbing balls move to the heat dissipation section at regular intervals to absorb the liquid working medium in the heat dissipation section, and then drive the liquid working medium to quickly return to the heat absorption section. By repeating the above process, the working medium can be prompted to return to the heat absorption section faster, thereby accelerating the circulation speed of the working medium and improving the heat dissipation efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a top cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic cross-sectional view of AA in the figure;

[0019] Figure 3 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of part B in 2;

[0020] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the adjustment axis;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the liquid-absorbing ball;

[0022] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of part C;

[0023] Figure numerals: 1—battery installation compartment; 2—cooling compartment; 21—air inlet; 22—exhaust outlet; 23—fan; 24—filter compartment; 25—end plate; 26—air inlet; 27—scraper; 28—scraper ring; 29—positioning ring plate; 210—filter screen; 211—positioning piece; 212—air outlet; 213—guide column; 214—notch; 3—cooling chamber; 4—adjusting shaft; 5—driving mechanism; 6—strip mounting hole; 7—heat dissipation compartment; 71—heat absorption section; 72—mounting section; 73—heat dissipation section; 74—thermal fins; 8—heat dissipation chamber; 9—liquid absorption core; 10—liquid absorption ball; 101—liquid absorption layer; 102—metal layer; 103—solid-liquid phase change material layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] The vehicle battery heat dissipation structure of the present invention comprises a battery installation compartment 1 and a heat dissipation compartment 7, wherein a cooling compartment 2 is arranged on the outer side of the battery installation compartment 1, and a cooling cavity 3 is arranged in the cooling compartment 2; a horizontally extending strip installation opening is arranged on the side plate of the battery installation compartment 1, and the top wall and the bottom wall of the strip installation opening are both arc-shaped, an adjusting shaft 4 is arranged in the strip installation opening, the outer wall of the adjusting shaft 4 fits the top wall and the bottom wall of the strip installation opening, and one end of the adjusting shaft 4 is connected to a driving mechanism 5 for driving the adjusting shaft 4 to rotate, a strip installation hole 6 is arranged in the adjusting shaft 4, and the length direction of the strip installation hole 6 is consistent with the length direction of the adjusting shaft 4; a heat dissipation cavity 8 is arranged inside the heat dissipation compartment 7, and a liquid absorption core 9 is arranged on the inner wall of the heat dissipation cavity 8, and a working medium is arranged in the liquid absorption core 9; a plurality of liquid absorption balls 10 are arranged in the heat dissipation cavity 8; the heat dissipation compartment 7 comprises a heat absorption section 71, a mounting section 72 and a heat dissipation section 73, the heat absorption section 71 is located in the battery installation compartment 1, the mounting section 72 is fixedly mounted in the strip installation hole 6, and the heat dissipation section 73 is located in the cooling cavity 3.

[0026] The battery installation compartment 1 is used to install the battery, and has a rectangular shape, including a bottom plate and four side plates, and a detachable top cover can also be provided. The battery installation compartment 1 can adopt any existing structure, and the material is a metal material, such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc.

[0027] The cooling chamber 2 is used to cool the heat dissipation section 73 of the heat dissipation chamber 7, ensuring that the heat dissipation section 73 is always at a relatively low temperature, so as to promote the rapid heat release and liquefaction of the gaseous working medium flowing to the heat dissipation section 73. The cooling chamber 2 adopts a rectangular box structure, which can be made of metal and fixedly installed on the outer wall of the battery installation chamber 1. The cooling chamber 2 can be set on one side of the battery installation chamber 1, or on two mutually parallel sides of the battery installation chamber 1.

[0028] The installation opening penetrates the side plate along the thickness direction of the side plate of the battery installation compartment 1, and the installation opening is used to accommodate the adjustment shaft 4. The adjustment shaft 4 is a circular shaft, and its outer wall fits the top wall and bottom wall of the installation opening. In order to improve the stability of the installation of the adjustment shaft 4, a bearing seat can be set at both ends of the battery installation compartment 1, and a bearing is installed in the bearing seat, and the adjustment shaft 4 cooperates with the bearing. The driving mechanism 5 is used to drive the adjustment shaft 4 to rotate, and a stepping motor can be used specifically, which can accurately control the rotation angle of the adjustment shaft 4.

[0029] The length of the strip mounting hole 6 is adapted to the length of the heat dissipation cabin 7, and the width of the strip mounting hole 6 is adapted to the thickness of the heat dissipation cabin 7, so that the heat dissipation cabin 7 can pass through the strip mounting hole 6 as a whole, and the heat dissipation cabin 7 can be fixed on the adjusting shaft 4 by connecting parts such as screws. When the adjusting shaft 4 rotates, it can drive the heat dissipation cabin 7 to rotate.

[0030] The heat dissipation cabin 7 is the core component of the heat dissipation structure. It is made of materials with high thermal conductivity, such as copper, aluminum alloy, etc., and is welded by 6 plates into a hollow box structure. The inner wall of the heat dissipation cabin 7 is provided with a liquid wick 9, which can absorb liquid working fluids. Usually, materials with strong capillary action and high thermal conductivity are used, such as metal powder sintered and connected to the inner wall of the heat dissipation cabin 7. The working fluid is generally pure water. The heat dissipation cabin 7 is divided into a heat absorption section 71, an installation section 72 and a heat dissipation section 73, which are arranged in sequence. Among them, the heat absorption section 71 is located inside the battery installation cabin 1, and is used to absorb the heat generated by the battery. After the heat is transferred to the working fluid inside the heat absorption section 71, the liquid working fluid is vaporized, and then absorbs heat, thereby reducing the heat inside the battery installation cabin 1. The installation section 72 is used to fix the heat dissipation cabin 7 as a whole to the adjustment shaft 4. Specifically, the installation section 72 is located in the strip-shaped installation hole 6 and can be connected to the adjustment shaft 4 by screws. The heat dissipation section 73 is located in the cooling chamber 2 and is used to transfer heat to the cooling chamber 2. The vaporized working medium automatically moves to the heat dissipation section 73, and then is cooled and liquefied in the heat dissipation section 73 to become a liquid working medium again. The liquid working medium can flow back to the heat absorption section 71 under the capillary action of the liquid wick 9, but the reflux speed is slow, resulting in a slow circulation speed of the working medium.

[0031] In the present invention, a plurality of small liquid absorbing balls 10 are arranged in the heat dissipation cavity 8, and the liquid absorbing balls 10 can absorb liquid working medium, and the liquid absorbing balls 10 can roll freely in the heat dissipation cavity 8. When the heat dissipation structure is in operation, the liquid working medium in the heat absorption section 71 is continuously evaporated, and the amount of the liquid working medium is gradually reduced, while the gaseous working medium in the heat dissipation section 73 is cooled and liquefied, and the amount of the liquid working medium is greater than the amount of the liquid working medium in the heat absorption section 71. At the initial moment when the heat dissipation structure just starts to operate, the height of the heat absorption section 71 is lower than the heat dissipation section 73, and the liquid absorption ball 10 is located in the heat absorption section 71. After a period of operation, the driving mechanism 5 drives the adjustment shaft 4 to rotate at a set angle, and the adjustment shaft 4 drives the heat dissipation chamber 7 to rotate, so that the heat absorption section 71 rotates to a position higher than the heat dissipation section 73. At this time, the liquid absorption ball 10 in the heat absorption section 71 will roll to the heat dissipation section 73, and the liquid absorption ball 10 absorbs the liquid working medium in the heat dissipation section 73. After absorbing for a period of time, the driving mechanism 5 drives the adjustment shaft 4 to rotate in the opposite direction at a set angle, driving the heat dissipation section 73 to move to a position higher than the heat absorption section 71, and the liquid absorption ball 10 will return to the heat absorption section 71 again, and the liquid working medium carried by the liquid absorption ball 10 also returns to the heat absorption section 71, thereby realizing the rapid reflux of the liquid working medium. The liquid absorption ball 10 stays in the heat absorption section 71 for a longer time than the time it stays in the heat dissipation section 73. For example, if it stays in the heat absorption section 71 for 30 seconds, it stays in the heat dissipation section 73 for 10 seconds.

[0032] On the basis of the liquid absorbent core 9, the present invention adds a liquid absorbent ball 10 that can roll back and forth between the heat dissipation section 73 and the heat absorption section 71, which can speed up the rate at which the liquid working medium returns to the heat absorption section 71, thereby speeding up the circulation speed of the working medium, which is beneficial to improving the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0033] In the present invention, the liquid-absorbing ball 10 includes a liquid-absorbing layer 101, a metal layer 102 and a solid-liquid phase change material layer 103, which are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside. The phase change temperature of the solid-liquid phase change material 11 is 35 to 40 degrees Celsius. The liquid-absorbing layer 101 is a material layer that absorbs liquid working fluids, and specifically can be a commonly used water-absorbing material such as a sponge. The metal layer 102 can be a hollow, thin-walled copper ball, a stainless steel ball, an aluminum alloy ball, etc. The solid-liquid phase change material layer 103 is solid when it is below the phase change temperature. When the phase change dimension is reached, it gradually absorbs heat and changes into a liquid state. During the phase change process, the temperature of the phase change material remains unchanged. When the heat generated by the battery is large, the temperature of the heat absorption section 71 may be higher than the maximum temperature of the normal operation of the heat absorption section 71, causing damage to the heat absorption section 71. In the present invention, a phase change temperature is set in the liquid absorbing ball 10, and the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 35 to 40 degrees Celsius. When the temperature of the heat absorbing section 71 rises to the phase change temperature of the phase change material, the phase change material begins to change phases. During the phase change process, the temperature remains unchanged, thereby controlling the temperature of the heat absorbing section 71, preventing the temperature of the heat absorbing section 71 from being too high, and ensuring the normal operation of the heat absorbing section 71. In addition, the phase change material can store heat, and when the liquid absorbing ball 10 moves to the heat dissipation section 73, it can quickly release heat to achieve heat transfer.

[0034] In order to facilitate the discharge of heat in the cooling chamber 2 and improve the heat dissipation efficiency, an air inlet 21 is provided at one end of the cooling chamber 2, and an exhaust port 22 is provided at the other end. A fan 23 is provided in the air inlet 21, and a dust removal mechanism is connected to the air inlet 21. The fan 23 can transport external air into the cooling chamber 2, and the air in the cooling chamber 2 is discharged through the exhaust port 22. The circulation of air in the cooling chamber 2 can quickly take away the heat of the heat dissipation section 73 and promote the liquefaction of the gaseous working medium in the heat dissipation section 73.

[0035] Since the air contains dust, especially when the vehicle is driving on the road, a lot of dust may be raised. After the dust enters the cooling chamber 2, it adheres to the outer wall of the heat dissipation section 73, affecting the heat transfer inside and outside the heat dissipation section 73. Therefore, it is necessary to set a dust removal mechanism at the air inlet 21 to remove dust in the air. The conventional dust removal mechanism is a filter, but the mesh of the filter is easily clogged and needs to be replaced regularly. When replacing, the dust attached to the filter is easily shaken off into the air, which is not conducive to the health of the workers.

[0036] In order to solve the above problems, the dust removal mechanism of the present invention includes a filter cabin 24, which is cylindrical, and a detachable end plate 25 is provided at one end of the filter cabin 24, and a detachable scraper 27 is provided on the inner wall of the other end, and the end plate 25 and the scraper 27 are both circular plates, and the end plate 25 and the scraper 27 can be installed at both ends of the filter cabin 24 by bolts. A scraper ring 28 is provided on the inner edge of the scraper 27, and the longitudinal section of the scraper ring 28 is a right triangle, and the scraper 27 and the scraper ring 28 are both slidably matched with the inner wall of the filter cabin 24. When the connection between the scraper 2 and the filter cabin 24 is removed, the scraper 27 and the scraper ring 28 can slide in the filter cabin 24 along the axial direction of the filter cabin 24. A positioning ring plate 29 is provided inside the filter cabin 24. The positioning ring plate 29 is in a circular shape. A filter screen 210 is provided in the center hole of the positioning ring plate 29. The filter screen 210 can be an existing air filter screen. The positioning ring plate 29 is slidably matched with the inner wall of the filter cabin 24, and the positioning ring plate 29 is connected to the filter cabin 24 through a positioning member 211. After the positioning member 211 is removed, the positioning ring plate 29 can slide in the filter cabin 24 along the axial direction of the filter cabin 24. An air inlet 26 is provided on the side wall of the filter cabin 24 between the positioning ring plate 29 and the scraper 27, and an air outlet 212 is provided on the side wall of the filter cabin 24 between the positioning ring plate 29 and the end plate 25. The air inlet 26 is connected to the outside, and the air outlet 212 is connected to the air inlet 21.

[0037] The air enters the cavity between the filter 210 and the scraper 27 from the air inlet 26, then enters the cavity between the filter 210 and the end plate 25 after being filtered by the filter 210, and finally is discharged from the air outlet 212 and enters the cooling chamber 2 through the air inlet 21. When the filter 210 needs to be replaced, the connection between the end plate 25, the scraper 2 and the positioning ring plate 29 and the filter chamber 24 is removed, and then the scraper 2 is pushed toward the filter chamber 24. When the scraper 2 moves, the scraper ring 28 scrapes off the dust adhering to the inner wall of the filter chamber 24. When the scraper ring 28 contacts the positioning ring plate 29, a dust storage bin is formed between the scraper 2 and the positioning ring plate 29. The scraper 2 is continued to be pushed to move, and at this time, the scraper 2 pushes the positioning ring plate 29 to move synchronously. When the positioning ring plate 29 reaches the end plate 25, the scraper 2, the positioning ring plate 29 and the end plate 25 are removed from the filter chamber 24 at the same time. At this time, the end plate 25 and the scraper 2 seal the two sides of the positioning ring plate 29, which can effectively prevent the dust on the filter screen 210 from entering the air.

[0038] A guide post 213 is provided on the inner side of the scraper 27, and the guide post 213 penetrates the positioning ring plate 29 and the end plate 25 and slides with the positioning ring plate 29 and the end plate 25. The guide post 213 can play a guiding and positioning role, and when the positioning ring plate 29 is installed, it can ensure that the positioning ring plate 29 slides stably along the filter chamber 24. In addition, when the positioning ring plate 29 is removed, when the positioning ring plate 29 contacts the end plate 25, the guide post 213 can be pulled to remove the scraper 2, the positioning ring plate 29 and the end plate 25 as a whole, thereby improving the convenience of operation.

[0039] The side edge of the positioning ring plate 29 toward the scraper plate 27 is provided with a notch 214, and the scraper ring 28 can fill the notch 214. When the scraper ring 28 contacts the positioning ring plate 29, the scraper ring 28 fills the notch 214 to prevent the dust on the inner wall of the scraper ring 28 from falling into the external air.

[0040] In the present invention, the positioning members 211 are a plurality of screws that radially penetrate the side wall of the filter chamber 24 and are threadedly connected to the positioning ring plate 29 .

[0041] In order to accelerate the heat transfer between the heat absorbing section 71 and the heat dissipating section 73 and the outside air of the heat dissipating chamber 7, the outer walls of the heat absorbing section 71 and the heat dissipating section 73 are provided with a plurality of heat conducting fins 74. The material of the heat conducting fins 74 is the same as that of the heat dissipating chamber 7 and is welded to the outer wall of the heat dissipating chamber 7.

[0042] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle battery heat dissipation structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a battery installation compartment (1) and a heat dissipation compartment (7), wherein a cooling compartment (2) is arranged outside the battery installation compartment (1), and a cooling cavity (3) is arranged inside the cooling compartment (2); a horizontally extending strip-shaped installation opening is arranged on a side plate of the battery installation compartment (1), and the top wall and the bottom wall of the strip-shaped installation opening are both arc-shaped; an adjustment shaft (4) is arranged inside the strip-shaped installation opening, and the outer wall of the adjustment shaft (4) is in contact with the top wall and the bottom wall of the strip-shaped installation opening; one end of the adjustment shaft (4) is connected to a driving mechanism (5) for driving the adjustment shaft (4) to rotate; and a strip-shaped installation hole (6) is arranged inside the adjustment shaft (4). The length direction of the strip-shaped mounting hole (6) is consistent with the length direction of the adjustment shaft (4); a heat dissipation cavity (8) is arranged inside the heat dissipation chamber (7); a liquid wick (9) is arranged on the inner wall of the heat dissipation cavity (8); a working medium is arranged in the liquid wick (9); a plurality of liquid wick balls (10) are arranged in the heat dissipation cavity (8); the heat dissipation chamber (7) comprises a heat absorption section (71), a mounting section (72) and a heat dissipation section (73); the heat absorption section (71) is located in the battery mounting chamber (1); the mounting section (72) is fixedly mounted in the strip-shaped mounting hole (6); and the heat dissipation section (73) is located in the cooling cavity (3); The liquid absorbing ball (10) comprises a liquid absorbing layer (101), a metal layer (102) and a solid-liquid phase change material layer (103) which are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside, and the phase change temperature of the solid-liquid phase change material (11) is 35 to 40 degrees Celsius; The working fluid is pure water; The liquid absorbing layer (101) is a sponge layer; At the initial moment when the heat dissipation structure starts to operate, the height of the heat absorption section (71) is lower than the heat dissipation section (73), and the liquid absorption ball (10) is located in the heat absorption section (71). When the heat dissipation structure is in operation, the liquid working medium in the heat absorption section (71) evaporates continuously, and the amount of the liquid working medium gradually decreases, while the gaseous working medium in the heat dissipation section (73) is cooled and liquefied. After a period of operation, the driving mechanism (5) drives the adjustment shaft (4) to rotate to a set angle, and the adjustment shaft (4) drives the heat dissipation chamber (7) to rotate, so that the heat absorption section (71) rotates to a height higher than the setting angle. The liquid absorbing ball (10) in the heat absorbing section (71) rolls to the heat absorbing section (73), and the liquid absorbing ball (10) absorbs the liquid working medium in the heat absorbing section (73). After absorbing for a period of time, the driving mechanism (5) drives the adjusting shaft (4) to rotate in the opposite direction at a set angle, and drives the heat absorbing section (73) to move to a position higher than the heat absorbing section (71). The liquid absorbing ball (10) then returns to the heat absorbing section (71), and the liquid working medium carried by the liquid absorbing ball (10) also returns to the heat absorbing section (71).

2. The vehicle battery heat dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air inlet (21) is provided at one end of the cooling chamber (2), and an air outlet (22) is provided at the other end; a fan (23) is provided in the air inlet (21), and a dust removal mechanism is connected to the air inlet (21).

3. The vehicle battery heat dissipation structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dust removal mechanism comprises a filter chamber (24), one end of the filter chamber (24) is provided with a detachable end plate (25), the inner wall of the other end is provided with a detachable scraper (27), the inner edge of the scraper (27) is provided with a scraper ring (28), the longitudinal section of the scraper ring (28) is a right triangle, and the scraper (27) and the scraper ring (28) are both slidably matched with the inner wall of the filter chamber (24); a positioning ring plate (29) is provided inside the filter chamber (24), A filter screen (210) is arranged in the central hole of the positioning ring plate (29); the positioning ring plate (29) is slidably matched with the inner wall of the filter chamber (24), and the positioning ring plate (29) is connected to the filter chamber (24) via a positioning member (211); an air inlet (26) is arranged on the side wall of the filter chamber (24) between the positioning ring plate (29) and the scraper (27); and an air outlet (212) is arranged on the side wall of the filter chamber (24) between the positioning ring plate (29) and the end plate (25).

4. The vehicle battery heat dissipation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: A guide column (213) is provided on the inner side of the scraper (27); the guide column (213) penetrates the positioning ring plate (29) and the end plate (25) and is slidably matched with the positioning ring plate (29) and the end plate (25).

5. The vehicle battery heat dissipation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: A notch (214) is provided on the side edge of the positioning ring plate (29) facing the scraper plate (27), and the scraper ring (28) is capable of filling the notch (214).

6. The vehicle battery heat dissipation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The positioning members (211) are a plurality of screws that radially penetrate the side wall of the filter chamber (24) and are threadedly connected to the positioning ring plate (29).

7. The vehicle battery heat dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer walls of the heat absorbing section (71) and the heat dissipating section (73) are provided with a plurality of heat conducting fins (74).

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