Cable online quality detection device and method based on grating principle

Abstract

The present invention discloses an online cable quality detection device and method based on the grating principle. The device includes a base, a cover, a first clamping body, a reading head, a grating ruler, a moving module, and a second clamping body; the first clamping body is installed on the base, and the second clamping body is installed on a side of the movable module close to the first clamping body, and a clamping area is formed between the first clamping body and the second clamping body; the cover is connected to the base to form a cavity, and the movable module is movably arranged along a first preset direction in the cavity, and the movement of the movable module along the first preset direction drives the second clamping body to have a first position spaced apart from the first clamping body: when the second clamping body is in the first position, it is used to place a cable to be tested into the clamping area or take it out from the clamping area; when the cable to be tested is placed in the clamping area, the movable module is driven to move along the first preset direction; the cover is movably arranged along the second preset direction to push the grating ruler installed on the side of the cover forming the cavity toward the movable module; the reading head installed on the movable module is used to read the position information of the grating ruler. The present invention constructs a data acquisition platform for online cable quality detection through the ingenious coordination of various components, and further implements online quality grade determination based on the online quality detection data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a cable online quality detection device and method based on a grating principle, belonging to the technical field of cable quality detection. Background Art

[0002] Cables are core components in fields such as power transmission, communication networks, and industrial control, and their quality is directly related to the stability and safety of related systems. During the production process, cables may experience various quality issues such as broken wires, damaged insulation, and poor conductivity due to material defects, manufacturing processes, or external environmental factors. Therefore, ensuring real-time quality inspection of cables during the production process is of great significance for improving product quality and reducing maintenance costs. Through quality inspection, defects in the cable manufacturing process can be promptly discovered and eliminated to ensure that the product meets safety and reliability requirements. It can also effectively control quality issues in the production process, reduce scrap rates, improve resource utilization, and promote sustainable development. Those skilled in the art perform manual quality inspections on cable diameters based on cable diameter detection. Although manual inspection methods are flexible, they suffer from low efficiency and detection accuracy that is affected by human factors.

[0003] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a device and method for online cable quality detection based on the grating principle. Through the ingenious coordination of various components, a data acquisition platform for online cable quality detection is constructed; and online quality grade determination is further achieved based on the online quality detection data.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cable online quality detection device based on the grating principle, comprising: a base 1, a cover plate 7, a first clamping body 10, a reading head 16, a grating ruler 22, a moving module 3, and a second clamping body 17; the first clamping body 10 is installed on the base 1, the second clamping body 17 is installed on the side of the moving module 3 close to the first clamping body 10, and a clamping area is formed between the first clamping body 10 and the second clamping body 17; the cover plate 7 is connected to the base 1 to form a cavity, and the moving module 3 is installed in the cavity so as to be movably arranged along a first preset direction, and the moving module 3 The movement along the first preset direction drives the second clamping body 17 to have a first position spaced apart from the first clamping body 10: when the second clamping body 17 is in the first position, it is used to place the cable to be tested 2 into the clamping area or take it out from the clamping area; when the cable to be tested 2 is placed in the clamping area, the mobile module 3 is driven to move along the first preset direction; the cover plate 7 is movably arranged along the second preset direction to push the grating scale 22 installed on the side of the cavity formed by the cover plate 7 toward the mobile module 3; the reading head 16 installed on the mobile module 3 is used to read the position information of the grating scale 22.

[0007] The base 1 is a hexahedral structure with adjacent two sides open, the first open side is used to install the cover plate 7, and the second open side is used for the second clamping body 17 to be movably arranged along the first preset direction; the side on which the first clamping body 10 is installed serves as the first closed side of the base, and the second closed side opposite to the first closed side is provided with a first threaded hole 11 and a data transmission interface 12; the side opposite to the first open side is the third closed side, and the side opposite to the second open side is the fourth closed side; the third closed side and / or the fourth closed side are provided with a slide groove 13 arranged along the first preset direction; the first closed side is provided with a first positioning groove 9; the first positioning groove 9 is connected to the second positioning groove 21 on the cover plate 7 that moves to different positions along the second preset direction via a connecting piece, so as to realize the fixation of the grating scale 22 on the cover plate 7 at different positions in the second preset direction.

[0008] The first clamping body 10 and the second clamping body 17 are semi-cylindrical structures, and the arc surfaces of the first clamping body 10 and the second clamping body 17 are arranged facing each other; the second clamping body 17 is provided with an ear plate extending along a first preset direction.

[0009] The moving module 3 includes a moving seat 15, which has a positioning hole 18 arranged along a first preset direction; the positioning hole 18 is used to place a spring 4, and the spring 4 extends from the positioning hole 18, and the extended end of the spring 4 is fixed to one end of a butterfly bolt 5 passing through a first threaded hole 11 opened on the base 1; the moving seat 15 has a first groove on the side close to the grating scale 22 for fixing the reading head 16, and the reading head 16 is connected to the cable quality assessment device via a data cable 19.

[0010] The cable quality assessment device includes a wireless signal transmitter 26 and a computer 6; the wireless signal transmitter 26 is connected to the reading head 16 via a data line 19, and is used to read the counting pulse signal in the reading head 16 and send it to the computer 6. The computer 6 records and processes the received signal in real time to detect the quality of the cable 2 to be tested in real time.

[0011] The cover plate 7 is L-shaped, and a second positioning groove 21 is provided on the short side for adjusting the installation position of the cover plate 7 in the second preset direction; a second groove is provided on the long side of the cover plate 7 close to the moving module 3, and a grating ruler 22 is installed in the second groove.

[0012] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a cable online quality detection method based on the grating principle is provided, comprising: placing a cable 2 to be detected into a clamping area formed by a first clamping body 10 and a second clamping body 17; the second clamping body 17 and the first clamping body 10 clamp the cable 2 to be detected under the action of a spring 4 in the mobile module 3; the reading head 16 fixed on the mobile module 3 follows the mobile module 3 to move along a first preset direction through the inserted cable 2 to be detected; the position information of the grating scale 22 read by the reading head 16 is converted into a pulse signal, and transmitted to the wireless signal transmitter 26 through the data line 19; the wireless signal transmitter 26 sends the detection data to the computer 6.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention cleverly utilizes the grating principle to construct a real-time cable quality detection device to solve the problem of real-time monitoring of the quality of each cable production link. The real-time cable quality detection device can store and record the geometric parameters and quality data of the cables in each production link, realize the full traceability of the production process, and provide strong support for improving the production process. At the same time, the real-time cable quality detection device of the present invention has wide applicability and flexibility, and can be applied to various types of cables, whether they are power cables, communication cables or special-purpose cables. Efficient detection can be achieved through simple parameter adjustment, so as to timely discover and correct problems that occur in the production process, avoid the mass production of defective cables, and reduce the scrap rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1It is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the base of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a mobile module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a cover plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 A three-dimensional diagram of a bracket provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a wireless signal transmitter and a computer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] The numbers in the figure are: 1 base; 2 cable to be tested; 3 moving module; 4 spring; 5 butterfly bolt; 6 computer; 7 cover; 8 bracket; 9 first positioning groove; 10 first clamping body; 11 first threaded hole; 12 data transmission interface; 13 slide groove; 14 second threaded hole; 15 moving seat; 16 reading head; 17 second clamping body; 18 positioning hole; 19 data cable; 20 slider; 21 second positioning groove; 22 grating scale; 23 mounting hole; 24 reinforcing rib; 25 third threaded hole; 26 wireless signal transmitter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other in any way.

[0022] Example 1: Figure 1-6As shown, according to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a cable online quality detection device based on the grating principle, comprising: a base 1, a cover plate 7, a first clamping body 10, a reading head 16, a grating ruler 22, a moving module 3, and a second clamping body 17; the first clamping body 10 is installed on the base 1, and the second clamping body 17 is installed on the side of the moving module 3 close to the first clamping body 10, and a clamping area is formed between the first clamping body 10 and the second clamping body 17; the cover plate 7 is connected to the base 1 to form a cavity, and the moving module 3 is installed in the cavity so as to be movably arranged along a first preset direction, and the moving module 3 is arranged to move along a first preset direction. The movement of the module 3 along the first preset direction drives the second clamping body 17 to a first position spaced apart from the first clamping body 10. When the second clamping body 17 is in the first position, it is used to place the cable 2 under test into or remove it from the clamping area. When the cable 2 under test is placed in the clamping area, the movable module 3 is driven to move along the first preset direction. The cover plate 7 is movably arranged along the second preset direction to push the grating scale 22 installed on the side of the cover plate 7 forming the cavity toward the movable module 3. The reading head 16 installed on the movable module 3 is used to read the position information of the grating scale 22. The first and second preset directions are arranged perpendicularly.

[0023] Furthermore, the base 1 is a hexahedral structure with adjacent two openings. The first opening side is used to install the cover plate 7, and the second opening side is used for the second clamping body 17 to be movably arranged along the first preset direction. The side on which the first clamping body 10 is installed serves as the first closed side of the base, and the second closed side, which is arranged opposite to the first closed side, is provided with a first threaded hole 11 and a data transmission interface 12. The side opposite to the first opening side is the third closed side, and the side opposite to the second opening side is the fourth closed side. The third closed side and / or the fourth closed side are provided with a slide groove 13 arranged along the first preset direction. The first closed side is provided with a first positioning groove 9. The first positioning groove 9 is connected to the second positioning groove 21 on the cover plate 7 that moves to different positions along the second preset direction via a connecting piece, so as to achieve the fixing of the grating scale 22 on the cover plate 7 at different positions in the second preset direction. By applying the above technical solution, it can be seen that through the design of the adjacent opening sides, movement space is provided for the cover plate 7 and the second clamping body 17, and it is more convenient to adjust the spacing between the grating scale 22 and the reading head.

[0024] Furthermore, the first clamping body 10 and the second clamping body 17 are semi-cylindrical structures, with their curved surfaces facing each other. The second clamping body 17 is provided with an ear plate extending along a first predetermined direction. Furthermore, the curved surfaces of the first clamping body 10 and the second clamping body 17 are polished during machining to reduce contact friction with the cable under test 2 and prevent damage to the cable under test 2. In the above technical solution, an ear plate is provided at the top of the second clamping body to prevent the cable under test 2 from jumping out of the measurement area. The length of the ear plate is set according to the measuring range of the detection device and must be at least greater than or equal to one-third of the measuring range. Based on this design, the cable under test can be effectively prevented from jumping out of the measurement area.

[0025] Furthermore, the mobile module 3 includes a mobile seat 15, which has a positioning hole 18 arranged along a first preset direction; the positioning hole 18 is used to place a spring 4, and the spring 4 extends from the positioning hole 18, and the extended end of the spring 4 is fixed to one end of a butterfly bolt 5 extending from a first threaded hole 11 opened on the base 1 (one end of the spring 4 extends into the positioning hole 18 to guide the spring 4 in the first preset direction without leaving the positioning hole, so as to facilitate the reading head to read the position information.); the mobile seat 15 has a first groove on the side near the grating scale 22 for fixing the reading head 16, and the reading head 16 is connected to the cable quality assessment device via a data cable 19 entering and exiting the data transmission interface 12 opened on the base 1. Furthermore, the spring is glued to the end face of the butterfly bolt 5, which can be used to manually adjust the lateral stiffness to ensure the accuracy of the measured value; when the first clamping body 10 is in contact with the second clamping body 17, the spring 4 is in a non-stretched state (which can be a naturally stretched state or a compressed state).

[0026] Furthermore, the movable seat 15 is provided with a boss structure, and the slider 20 is fixedly connected to the boss structure by screws. Furthermore, when the third closed side is provided with a slide groove 13 arranged along the first preset direction, the boss structure is provided on the side of the movable seat 15 close to the third closed side, such as Figure 3 As shown; when the fourth closed side is provided with a slide groove 13 arranged along the first preset direction, the boss structure is provided on the side of the mobile seat 15 close to the fourth closed side; the slide groove 13 and the slider 20 slide together to guide the movement of the mobile module along the first preset direction. Figure 3 Taking the example shown, it can be seen from the application of the above technical solution that by providing a boss structure on the lower end surface of the movable seat 15, the movable seat 15 can be lifted to a certain height to avoid the lower end surface of the movable seat 15 from contacting the base 1 and thereby increasing the friction resistance; ensuring that the movable seat 15 and the base 1 are in contact only through the slider 20 and the slide groove 13, thereby ensuring the assembly space between the slider and the slide groove 13 on the base.

[0027] Furthermore, a linear incremental encoder is provided inside the reading head 16 to convert the read displacement into a periodic electrical signal, and then convert the electrical signal into a counting pulse; the counting pulse signal is transmitted through the data line 19.

[0028] Furthermore, the cable quality assessment device includes a wireless signal transmitter 26 and a computer 6; the wireless signal transmitter 26 is connected to the reading head 16 via a data line 19, and is used to read the counting pulse signal in the reading head 16 and send it to the computer 6 via a wireless signal. The computer 6 records and processes the received signal in real time to detect the quality of the cable 2 to be tested in real time.

[0029] Furthermore, the cover plate 7 is an L-shaped plate with a second positioning slot 21 on its short side for adjusting the installation position of the cover plate 7 in a second predetermined direction. A second groove is provided on the long side of the cover plate 7 near the movable module 3. A grating scale 22 is installed in the second groove to indicate relative position. Two corresponding first and second positioning slots 21 are provided, each of which is a U-shaped threaded hole and is secured by bolts and nuts.

[0030] Furthermore, the present invention also includes a bracket 8, which is an L-shaped steel member with a mounting hole 23 on one side and a third threaded hole 25 on the other side. The third threaded hole 25 on the bracket 8 is connected to the second threaded hole 14 on the fourth closed side of the base 1 via a bolt connector. The mounting hole 23 is used to secure the present invention in a desired position. A reinforcing rib is provided at the inner corner of the L-shaped steel member of the bracket 8 to enhance the structural support rigidity.

[0031] Furthermore, the bracket 8 can be replaced by other fixing structures, such as a magnetic structure, an adhesive structure, etc.

[0032] By applying the above technical solution, it can be seen that the present invention, by cleverly setting up the mobile module and installing the first clamping body, can, on the one hand, actively push the mobile module to move along the first preset direction to realize the opening and closing movement of the clamping area, thereby better adapting to the insertion of cables under different processes, and increasing the flexibility of the application of the present invention; on the other hand, it can realize the movement of the mobile module along the first preset direction after the cable is inserted, thereby realizing the measurement of the geometric parameters of the cable.

[0033] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a cable online quality detection method based on the grating principle is provided, comprising: placing a cable 2 to be tested into a clamping area formed by a first clamping body 10 and a second clamping body 17; the second clamping body 17 and the first clamping body 10 clamp the cable 2 to be tested under the action of a spring 4 in the moving module 3 (specifically, the spring 4 provides a thrust to the moving seat 15, and the moving module 3 moves relative to the slide groove 13 in the base 1 under the action of the slider 20); the inserted cable 2 to be tested causes a reading head 16 fixed on the moving module 3 to follow the moving module 3 to move along a first preset direction; the reading head 16 moves relative to the grating scale 22; the position information of the grating scale 22 read is converted into a pulse signal by the reading head 16, and is transmitted to the wireless signal transmitter 26 through the data line 19; the wireless signal transmitter 26 can send the detection data to the computer 6 in a wired or wireless form. The computer 6 is equipped with a specific wireless signal receiving device and a measurement system, and can receive the measurement data sent by the wireless signal transmitter 26 in a wired or wireless manner, and process and analyze the data through the measurement system.

[0034] Furthermore, the measurement system in computer 6 assesses the quality level of cable 2 based on the test data and expected values. The computer converts count pulses into displacement signals, displays them in real time on the front panel of computer 6, and records and stores them in text format. Expected values ​​can be freely set based on different production requirements, automatically comparing read data. If the expected value is exceeded, a message is automatically sent to the production manager's computer (or mobile phone). Furthermore, one or more quality inspection devices can be used to inspect different stages of cable production; and expected values ​​can be set for one or more quality inspection devices individually to meet different production quality requirements.

[0035] Furthermore, cable diameter detection accuracy tests, production defect detection tests and accuracy reliability tests were carried out during the drawing and twisting processes of cables of different specifications, where the cable drawing speed was 1.5m / s and the twisting speed was 1m / s. The main equipment are as follows: the cable online quality detection device of the present invention, a micrometer (for calibration of test accuracy), cables being drawn and twisted (diameter range 1~15mm) and some unqualified cables (including bamboo-shaped cables produced during drawing, samples with loose and uneven stranded wire cores during twisting, etc.).

[0036] Cable diameter detection accuracy tests: During the drawing and stranding stages of cables of varying specifications, changes in cable diameter were monitored in real time. The diameters of the cables after testing were measured at multiple points using a micrometer. Using cables with expected diameters of 2.53mm and 7.60mm as examples (the expected diameter is the theoretical cable diameter), the diameters measured at ten micrometer points were compared with the diameter data obtained using the present invention. The specific data is shown in Table 1. The results demonstrate that the real-time online cable quality detection device provided by the present invention achieves detection accuracy exceeding ±0.001mm, fully demonstrating the high-precision nature of the present invention.

[0037] Table 1 Comparison of the reading data of the present invention and the micrometer data

[0038] The present invention reads data (mm) Micrometer reading (mm) Error value (mm) 2.528 2.527 0.001 2.536 2.535 0.001 2.527 2.527 0 2.526 2.527 -0.001 7.624 7.623 0.001 7.535 7.534 -0.001 7.673 7.673 0 7.597 7.596 0.001 7.612 7.611 -0.001

[0039] Furthermore, it can be used to evaluate quality levels. Specifically, for cables during the drawing process, the following evaluation method is used: if the test data differs from the expected diameter by less than ±a%, the cable 2 under test is considered to be of the first grade, indicating good cable production quality. If the test data differs from the expected diameter by more than ±a% but less than ±b%, the cable 2 under test is considered to be of the second grade, indicating defects during the production process. If the test data differs from the expected diameter by more than ±b%, the cable 2 under test is considered to be of the third grade, indicating completely substandard cable production quality. If the cable 2 under test is of the first grade, the real-time recorded feedback diameter data is displayed on the computer front panel. If the cable 2 under test is of the second grade, the real-time cable quality detection system automatically sends a message to the production manager's computer or mobile phone, prompting the staff to check the corresponding production link in a timely manner. When the cable 2 under test is of the third grade, the controller 31 directly controls the corresponding cable production link to stop running to avoid losses. It should be noted that b>a. The specific evaluation method for cables during the stranding process is as follows: if the test data differs from the expected diameter by less than c%, the cable under test is considered to be Grade 1, indicating good cable production quality. If the test data differs from the expected diameter by more than c% but less than d%, the cable under test is considered to be Grade 2, indicating defects in the cable production process. If the test data differs from the expected diameter by more than d%, the cable under test is considered to be Grade 3, indicating completely substandard cable production quality. Based on this evaluation method, the following production defect detection test is proposed. In this experiment, a and c are set to 2, and b and d are set to 4.

[0040] Production defect detection test: carried out in the drawing and stranding stages of cables of different specifications, targeting unqualified production samples such as bamboo-like cables produced during drawing, loose and uneven stranded wire cores during stranding, etc. The main characteristic of these unqualified cables is that the diameter of a small section of the cable varies greatly. The real-time online cable quality detection device and system provided by the present invention can fully distinguish them. Specific examples are as follows:

[0041] For cables during the drawing process, the first level preset threshold I is set at -2% of the expected value, and the first level preset threshold II is set at 2% of the expected value. If the cable diameter during the drawing process is less than the first level preset threshold I or greater than the first level preset threshold II, these defects are considered to exist and feedback is provided to the computer through the detection system (the presence of defects indicates a second level or worse). Otherwise, the production quality is considered good, that is, the first level. Furthermore, the second level preset threshold I is set at -4% of the expected value, and the second level preset threshold II is set at 4% of the expected value. If the cable diameter during the drawing process is greater than or equal to the second level preset threshold I and less than the first level preset threshold I, or the cable diameter is greater than the first level preset threshold II and less than or equal to the second level preset threshold II, the second level is achieved. If the cable diameter during the drawing process is less than the second level preset threshold I or greater than the second level preset threshold II, the third level is achieved.

[0042] For cables in the twisting process (during the twisting process, the detection data will generally be greater than the expected value, so the -c%, -d% situations are not considered), the first-level preset threshold III is set to 2% of the expected value. If the cable diameter in the twisting process is greater than the first-level preset threshold III, these defects are considered to exist and are fed back to the computer through the detection system; otherwise, the production quality is considered to be good, that is, the first level. Furthermore, the second-level preset threshold III is set to 4% of the expected value. If the cable diameter in the twisting process is greater than the first-level preset threshold III and less than or equal to the second-level preset threshold III, it is the second level; if the cable diameter in the drawing process is greater than the second-level preset threshold III, it is the third level.

[0043] Taking the expected diameter of 2.53 mm during the drawing process as an example, and the expected diameter of 7.60 mm during the stranding process as an example, the first level preset threshold I is 2.479 mm, the first level preset threshold II is 2.581 mm, and the first level preset threshold III is 7.75 mm;

[0044] The second-level preset threshold I is 2.429mm, the second-level preset threshold II is 2.631mm, and the second-level preset threshold III is 7.904mm. A mixture of certain production-defective samples and good-quality samples was used as test subjects to examine whether the present invention can accurately identify defective samples. Ten defective data were selected, as shown in Table 2. (During the drawing process, the data read by the present invention was close to the diameter read by the micrometer, with a small error, indicating that the data read by the present invention is valid data. Taking the first row of records as an example, the valid data of 2.460mm based on the present invention is greater than the second-level preset threshold I and less than the first-level preset threshold I, indicating that a defect exists and is at the second level. The defect identification result obtained is "yes", which is consistent with the actual results.) As shown in Table 2, the real-time online cable quality inspection device and system provided by the present invention can achieve a recognition rate of over 99% for production defects, fully demonstrating the high recognition rate of the present invention for cable production defects.

[0045] Table 2

[0046] Diameter of defective sample read by micrometer (mm) The present invention reads data (mm) Whether to identify Quality Grade 2.459 2.460 yes Second level 2.284 2.284 yes Third level 2.782 2.781 yes Third level 2.851 2.852 yes Third level 7.824 7.825 yes Second level 7.949 7.948 yes Third level 7.797 7.798 yes Second level 7.911 7.910 yes Third level 7.823 7.823 yes Second level

[0047] System stability test: After continuous operation for more than 8 hours, the system test results remain consistent, indicating that the present invention has high stability.

[0048] The above experiments demonstrate the performance and reliability of the real-time online cable quality detection device and method of the present invention. The system can detect various defects on the cable surface (including broken wires, insulation damage, and poor conductivity) in real time during the high-speed cable production process. It has the advantages of high detection accuracy, strong adaptability, and good reliability, providing strong technical support for practical applications.

[0049] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the knowledge of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cable online quality detection device based on grating principle, characterized in that: include: A base (1), a cover plate (7), a first clamping body (10), a reading head (16), a grating ruler (22), a moving module (3), and a second clamping body (17); the first clamping body (10) is installed on the base (1), the second clamping body (17) is installed on the side of the moving module (3) close to the first clamping body (10), and a clamping area is formed between the first clamping body (10) and the second clamping body (17); the cover plate (7) is connected to the base (1) to form a cavity, and the moving module (3) is installed in the cavity and is movably arranged along a first preset direction, and the moving movement of the moving module (3) along the first preset direction drives The second clamping body (17) has a first position spaced apart from the first clamping body (10): when the second clamping body (17) is located at the first position, it is used to place the cable to be tested (2) into the clamping area or to take it out of the clamping area; when the cable to be tested (2) is placed in the clamping area, the moving module (3) is driven to move along a first preset direction; the cover plate (7) is movably arranged along a second preset direction to push the grating ruler (22) installed on one side of the cavity formed by the cover plate (7) toward the moving module (3); the reading head (16) installed on the moving module (3) is used to read the position information of the grating ruler (22); The base (1) is a hexahedral structure with two adjacent openings, the first opening side is used to install the cover plate (7), and the second opening side is used for the second clamping body (17) to be movably arranged along the first preset direction; the side on which the first clamping body (10) is installed serves as the first closed side of the base, and the second closed side arranged opposite to the first closed side is provided with a first threaded hole (11) and a data transmission interface (12); the side opposite to the first opening side is the third closed side, and the side opposite to the second opening side is the fourth closed side; the third closed side and / or the fourth closed side are provided with a sliding groove (13) arranged along the first preset direction; the first closed side is provided with a first positioning groove (9); the first positioning groove (9) is connected to the second positioning groove (21) on the cover plate (7) that moves to different positions along the second preset direction via a connecting piece, so as to achieve the fixation of the grating scale (22) on the cover plate (7) at different positions in the second preset direction; The first clamping body (10) and the second clamping body (17) are semi-cylindrical structures, and the arc surfaces of the first clamping body (10) and the second clamping body (17) are arranged facing each other; the second clamping body (17) is provided with an ear plate extending along a first preset direction; The cable online quality detection method based on the grating principle is performed using a cable online quality detection device based on the grating principle, including: Placing the cable to be tested (2) into the clamping area formed by the first clamping body (10) and the second clamping body (17); The second clamping body (17) and the first clamping body (10) clamp the cable to be tested (2) under the action of the spring (4) in the moving module (3); by inserting the cable to be tested (2) transported along the second preset direction, the reading head (16) fixed on the moving module (3) follows the moving module (3) to move along the first preset direction; the position information of the grating ruler (22) read is converted into a pulse signal by the reading head (16) and transmitted to the wireless signal transmitter (26) through the data line (19); the wireless signal transmitter (26) sends the detection data to the computer (6).

2. The cable online quality detection device based on the grating principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The moving module (3) includes a moving seat (15), and the moving seat (15) is provided with a positioning hole (18) arranged along a first preset direction; the positioning hole (18) is used to place a spring (4), and the spring (4) extends from the positioning hole (18), and the extended end of the spring (4) is fixed to one end of a butterfly bolt (5) passing through a first threaded hole (11) provided on the base (1); the moving seat (15) is provided with a first groove on a side close to the grating scale (22), for fixing a reading head (16), and the reading head (16) is connected to the cable quality evaluation device via a data line (19).

3. The cable online quality detection device based on the grating principle according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The cable quality assessment device comprises a wireless signal transmitter (26) and a computer (6); the wireless signal transmitter (26) is connected to a reading head (16) via a data line (19) and is used to read a counting pulse signal in the reading head (16) and send it to the computer (6); the computer (6) detects the quality of the cable (2) to be tested in real time by recording and processing the received signal in real time.

4. The cable online quality detection device based on the grating principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cover plate (7) is L-shaped, and a second positioning groove (21) is provided on the short side for adjusting the installation position of the cover plate (7) in a second preset direction; a second groove is provided on the long side of the cover plate (7) close to the moving module (3), and a grating ruler (22) is installed in the second groove.

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