A method for laser electric arc hybrid welding of a tube sheet

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of pipe plate laser electric arc composite welding methods, pipe hole is opened on pipe plate;Including the following steps, S1 using bevel processing component is processed to the pipe plate at pipe hole with annular stress groove with bevel;S2 clean bevel;S3 the heat exchange pipe to be welded is inserted into pipe hole, so that the welding end of heat exchange pipe is stretched out pipe plate outside;S4 using multi-energy welding component is welded to the pipe plate and heat exchange pipe at bevel;Stress groove is opened on the pipe plate of bevel outer edge;The application processes bevel to pipe plate, stress groove is processed on the pipe plate of bevel outer edge, and the deformation caused by restraint stress in welding can be alleviated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding technology, and specifically to the welding of tube sheets, particularly a laser-arc hybrid welding method for tube sheets. Background Technology

[0002] A tube sheet is made by drilling holes slightly larger than the heat exchanger tubes into a circular steel plate, inserting the tubes into the holes to their designated positions, and connecting them together using methods such as expansion joints or welding. The tube sheet structure is a fundamental component of common two-loop systems in the heat exchanger industry. Currently, the standard method for connecting tube sheets and heat exchanger tubes is welding, with arc welding (AFC) being the most common. However, this welding method, whether manual or automated, often results in defects such as incomplete fusion, humps, and weld beads due to the poor stability and large amount of spatter in arc welding. The alloying elements in the welding wire are also often unevenly distributed in the weld, leading to poor mechanical properties. Furthermore, stress concentration at the root of the heat exchanger tubes easily causes weld cracking. Additionally, the rapid thermal expansion and contraction during tube sheet welding creates significant restraint stress, causing severe deformation of both the tube sheet and the heat exchanger tubes. These problems can range from minor issues like media leakage affecting production and product quality to serious consequences such as explosions, causing significant losses to personnel and property. Therefore, improving the welding quality of tube sheets has become a major concern in the heat exchanger industry. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and to briefly describe some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of these documents; however, such simplifications or omissions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the welding of tube sheets and heat exchange tubes as described above and / or in existing systems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a laser-arc hybrid welding method for tube sheets. This invention processes a bevel on the tube sheet, and a stress groove is processed on the tube sheet at the outer edge of the bevel, which can alleviate the deformation caused by the restraint stress during welding.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for laser-arc hybrid welding of tube sheets, wherein the tube sheet has tube holes; comprising the following steps,

[0007] S1 uses a beveling assembly to machine a bevel with an annular stress groove at the tube hole of the tube sheet;

[0008] S2 cleaning of the bevel;

[0009] S3 inserts the heat exchange tube to be welded into the tube hole, so that the welding end of the heat exchange tube extends out of the tube sheet;

[0010] S4 uses the multi-energy welding assembly to weld the tube plate and the heat exchange tube at the groove;

[0011] The stress groove is opened on the outer edge of the tube plate at the upper end of the groove, the groove is at the upper end of the tube hole, and the outer diameter of the groove gradually increases from bottom to top.

[0012] As a preferred scheme of the laser electric arc composite welding method of the tube plate in the application, wherein: the groove machining assembly comprises a groove machining rack, a positioning rod is fixedly connected to the groove machining rack, a machining cylinder is rotatably connected to the outer side of the positioning rod, and a cutter head with the same shape as the groove is arranged at the lower end of the machining cylinder.

[0013] As a preferred scheme of the laser electric arc composite welding method of the tube plate in the application, wherein: a positioning part is fixed to the positioning rod below the cutter head, a plurality of positioning counterbores are arranged on the positioning part, the positioning part is connected with a positioning cylinder through the positioning counterbores, a positioning hole is arranged in the center of the positioning cylinder, one end of the positioning hole close to the outer edge of the tube hole is connected with a steel ball capable of rolling in the positioning hole, the positioning cylinder is threadedly connected with a stop plate through the positioning hole, a spring is connected between the stop plate and the steel ball, and the steel ball can abut against the tube plate on the outer edge of the tube hole under the action of the spring.

[0014] As a preferred scheme of the laser electric arc composite welding method of the tube plate in the application, wherein: a positioning step is fixed to the positioning cylinder on the side of the positioning hole relative to the outer edge of the tube hole, so as to prevent the steel ball from rolling out of the positioning cylinder.

[0015] As a preferred scheme of the laser electric arc composite welding method of the tube plate in the application, wherein: a machining motor is fixedly connected to the upper end of the machining rack, an output shaft is connected to the machining motor, a driving gear is connected to the output shaft, and a driven gear meshing with the driving gear is fixed to the upper end of the machining cylinder.

[0016] As a preferred scheme of the laser electric arc composite welding method of the tube plate in the application, wherein: S1 is specifically,

[0017] The groove machining assembly is driven to move by an external driving device, the positioning part is inserted into the tube hole, the positioning rod is automatically positioned at the center position of the tube hole under the action of the steel ball and the spring, the machining motor is controlled to act, the machining cylinder is rotated, the external driving device drives the groove machining assembly to drill downward, until the cutter head processes the groove with the stress groove on the tube plate, the external driving device pulls out the groove machining assembly, the positioning rod leaves the tube hole, and the processing of the groove at the next tube hole is prepared.

[0018] As a preferred scheme of the tube sheet laser electric arc hybrid welding method in the application, wherein: the multi-energy welding assembly comprises a welding cylinder body with an upward opening, a connecting ring is fixedly connected to the welding cylinder body, a gas jet sleeve with an annular hollow cavity is connected to the lower end of the connecting ring, a gas jet nozzle is connected to the outer periphery of the gas jet sleeve, the gas jet nozzle is used for connecting an external gas source to the closed hollow cavity, a plurality of exhaust holes are arranged on the lower side of the gas jet sleeve and are communicated with the hollow cavity, a welding wire cantilever and an electric arc welding cantilever are connected to the connecting ring, the welding wire cantilever is connected to a wire guide for feeding and discharging welding wire through a first universal joint, the electric arc welding cantilever is connected to a welding torch through a second universal joint, and the welding torch head of the welding torch can be aligned with the welding wire fed by the wire guide.

[0019] As a preferred scheme of the tube sheet laser electric arc hybrid welding method in the application, wherein: a support is fixedly connected in the opening of the welding cylinder body, a spherical connecting through hole is formed in the support, and a lens holder is rotatably connected to the support through the connecting through hole, and a focusing lens is connected to the center of the lens holder.

[0020] As a preferred scheme of the tube sheet laser electric arc hybrid welding method in the application, wherein: a rotating hole is formed in the support at one end of the radial direction of the connecting through hole, one end of the lens holder extending into the rotating hole is fixedly connected to a swing rod, an installation hole is formed in the support at the end of the rotating hole away from the connecting through hole, a welding motor is fixedly connected to the upper side of the installation hole, a transmission shaft extending downward into the installation hole is connected to the welding motor, a driving bevel gear is connected to the transmission shaft, a driven bevel gear cooperating with the driving bevel gear is rotatably connected to the support, an eccentric rod is connected between the driven bevel gear and the swing rod, and the eccentric rod is arranged to be offset from the center of the driven bevel gear and the center of the swing rod.

[0021] As a preferred scheme of the tube sheet laser electric arc hybrid welding method in the application, wherein: S4 specifically comprises the following steps,

[0022] The external device emits a laser beam, and the focus point of the laser beam is adjusted to be 3-4 mm below the lower side of the groove;

[0023] The position of the electric arc welding cantilever is adjusted to the normal direction of the groove track, and the electric arc welding cantilever is fixed;

[0024] The position of the welding wire cantilever is adjusted to the front of the running track of the multi-energy welding assembly, the welding wire cantilever and the electric arc welding cantilever are fixed, and the angle between the welding wire cantilever and the electric arc welding cantilever is 90°;

[0025] The position of the electric arc welding torch is adjusted through the second universal joint, so that the electric arc action position of the welding torch head on the electric arc welding torch is aligned with the groove;

[0026] The position of the wire guide is further adjusted through the first universal joint, so that the melting position of the welding wire is exactly matched with the electric arc action position of the welding torch head;

[0027] The welding gun is opened, the electrode of the welding gun head is arc-discharged to melt the welding wire in the groove, and a molten pool is formed at the groove under the action of the arc, at this time, the laser is turned on, the laser beam is transmitted to the focusing lens through the optical fiber, and then is focused on the molten pool through the focusing lens, and the welding motor is controlled to be turned on, the swing rod is rotated to swing the lens holder and the focusing lens.

[0028] When the multi-energy welding assembly moves according to the set track, the tube sheet is welded with the heat exchange pipe through the groove.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following technical effects: when the multi-energy welding assembly is used for welding the tube sheet, the laser beam and the arc jointly act on the same molten pool, the laser beam is swung in the shape of "∞" in the molten pool, the molten pool is fully stirred by using the deep melting characteristics of the laser, the alloy elements in the molten pool are uniformly distributed, the spatter is inhibited, the cooling time of the molten pool is effectively prolonged, the appearance of pores in the weld is effectively avoided, the appearance of hump and welding tumor is effectively inhibited, the weld also has a certain heat treatment effect, the residual stress in the weld is effectively reduced, and the tube sheet welding quality is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor. Among them:

[0031] Figure 1 It is an internal structure diagram of the tube sheet in the present application.

[0032] Figure 2 It is an internal structure diagram of the groove machining assembly in the present application.

[0033] Figure 3 It is a partial enlarged view of A in the present application. Figure 2

[0034] Figure 4 It is an installation schematic diagram of the tube sheet and the heat exchange pipe in the present application.

[0035] Figure 5 It is a structure schematic diagram of the multi-energy welding assembly in the present application.

[0036] Figure 6 It is an internal structure diagram of the multi-energy welding assembly in the present application.

[0037] Figure 7 It is a partial enlarged view of B in the present application. Figure 6

[0038] ​​Figure 8 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the movement of the multi-energy welding assembly of the present application (the direction indicated by the arrow is the direction of movement).

[0039] Figure 9 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure after the tube plate and the heat exchange tube are welded.

[0040] In the figure, 100 is a tube plate, 101 is a tube hole, 102 is a groove, 103 is a stress groove, 200 is a groove machining assembly, 201 is a support bearing, 202 is a driving gear, 203 is an output shaft, 204 is a machining motor, 205 is a positioning rod, 205a is a positioning part, 205a-1 is a positioning counterbore, 206 is a machining rack, 207 is a machining cylinder, 207a is a driven gear, 207b is a cutter head, 208 is a ball bearing, 209 is a positioning cylinder, 209a is a positioning step, 209b is a positioning hole, 210 is a nut, 211 is a spring, 212 is a stop plate, 300 is a heat exchange tube, 400 is a multi-energy welding assembly, 401 is a gas jet sleeve, 401a is a hollow cavity, 401b is an exhaust hole, 402 is a wire guide, 402a is a welding wire, 403 is a first universal joint, 404 is a welding wire cantilever, 405 is a connecting ring, 405a is a connecting hole, 405b is a connecting groove, 406 is a welding cylinder, 407 is a second universal joint, 408 is a welding wire cantilever, 409 is a welding torch, 409a is a welding torch head, 410 is a gas jet nozzle, 411 is a connecting bolt, 412 is a support, 412a is a positioning counterbore, 412b is a connecting through hole, 413 is a focusing lens, 414 is an eccentric rod, 415 is a driven bevel gear, 416 is a driving bevel gear, 417 is a transmission shaft, 418 is a welding motor, 419 is a lens holder, 500 is a running track, 600 is a welding seam, and 700 is a laser beam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more apparent and comprehensible, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the concept of the present application, so the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0043] Secondly, "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" referred to herein means that the specific features, structures or characteristics can be included in at least one implementation of the present application. "In one embodiment" appearing in different places in the specification does not mean the same embodiment, nor is it an embodiment that is separate or alternative to other embodiments.

[0044] Embodiment 1

[0045] Reference Figures 1-4 and Figure 9The embodiment provides a pipe plate laser electric arc composite welding method, which can process a groove 102 with a stress groove 103 on a pipe plate 100, so as to reduce stress deformation when the pipe plate 100 and heat exchange pipes 300 are welded later.

[0046] A pipe plate laser electric arc composite welding method, S1 using a groove processing assembly 200 to process a groove 102 with an annular stress groove 103 on the pipe plate 100 at a pipe hole 101;

[0047] S2 cleaning the groove 102;

[0048] S3 inserting the heat exchange pipes 300 to be welded into the pipe holes 101, so that the welding ends of the heat exchange pipes 300 extend out of the pipe plate 100, and the distance of the heat exchange pipes 300 extending out of the pipe plate 100 is set according to actual needs;

[0049] S4 using a multi-energy welding assembly 400 to weld the pipe plate 100 and the heat exchange pipes 300 at the groove 102;

[0050] The stress groove 103 is opened on the pipe plate 100 at the outer edge of the upper end of the groove 102, the groove 102 is at the upper end of the pipe hole 101, and the outer diameter of the groove 102 gradually increases from bottom to top.

[0051] Specifically, the groove processing assembly 200 comprises a groove 102 processing rack 206, the groove 102 processing rack 206 is fixedly connected with a positioning rod 205, the positioning rod 205 is connected with at least two support bearings 201 which are arranged at intervals in the height direction, the positioning rod 205 is rotationally connected with a processing cylinder 207, the processing cylinder 207 is rotationally connected to the positioning rod 205 through the support bearings 201, the lower end of the processing cylinder 207 is a cutter head 207b which is the same in shape as the groove 102, a positioning portion 205a is fixed to the positioning rod 205 below the cutter head 207b, the outer diameter of the positioning portion 205a is smaller than the diameter of the pipe hole 101, a plurality of positioning counterbores 412a205a-1 are arranged on the positioning portion 205a, the positioning portion 205a is threadedly connected with a positioning cylinder 209 through the positioning counterbores 412a205a-1, a positioning hole 209b is formed in the center of the positioning cylinder 209, one end of the positioning hole 209b close to the outer edge of the pipe hole 101 is connected with a steel ball 208 which can just roll in the positioning hole 209b, the positioning cylinder 209 is threadedly connected with a stop plate 212 through the positioning hole 209b, a spring 211 is connected between the stop plate 212 and the steel ball 208, the steel ball 208 can abut against the pipe plate 100 at the outer edge of the pipe hole 101 under the action of the spring 211, and a positioning step 209a is fixed to the positioning cylinder 209 on the side of the positioning hole 209b relative to the outer edge of the pipe hole 101, so as to avoid the steel ball 208 from rolling out of the positioning cylinder 209.

[0052] The specific steps of installing the ball 208, the positioning cylinder 209 and the spring 211 on the positioning part 205a are as follows: the ball 208 is put into the positioning cylinder 209 through the positioning hole 209b, then the spring 211 is put in, the stop plate 212 is screwed into the positioning cylinder 209, the spring 211 is compressed, the spring 211 abuts against the ball 208, the ball 208 is pressed against the positioning step 209a under the action of the spring 211, the outer edge of the ball 208 is outside the positioning part 205a, the nut 210 is used to fasten the positioning cylinder 209 on the positioning part 205a, and the nut 210 abuts against the outer edge of the positioning part 205a.

[0053] In order to further realize the machining of the groove 102 at the upper position of the pipe hole 101, the machining frame 206 is fixedly connected with a machining motor 204 at the upper end, the machining motor 204 is connected with an output shaft 203, the output shaft 203 is connected with a driving gear 202, and the upper end of the machining cylinder 207 is fixedly connected with a driven gear 207a engaged with the driving gear 202.

[0054] When the machining motor 204 operates, the output shaft 203 rotates, the output shaft 203 drives the driving gear 202 to rotate, the driving gear 202 drives the machining cylinder 207 to rotate through the driven gear 207a, so that the cutter head 207b rotates. When the groove machining assembly 200 moves downward, i.e., rotates into the pipe plate 100, the upper end of the pipe hole 101 is cut until the machining of the groove 102 is completed, and the machining motor 204 stops operating.

[0055] The step S1 is specifically,

[0056] The groove machining assembly 200 is driven by an external driving device to move, so that the positioning part 205a is inserted into the pipe hole 101. Under the action of the ball 208 and the spring 211, the positioning rod 205 is automatically positioned at the center position of the pipe hole 101. The machining motor 204 is controlled to operate, the machining cylinder 207 rotates, the external driving device drives the groove machining assembly 200 to drill downward until the cutter head 207b machines the groove 102 with the stress groove 103 on the pipe plate 100. The machining motor 204 stops operating, the external driving device pulls out the groove machining assembly 200, the positioning rod 205 leaves the pipe hole 101, and the next groove 102 at the pipe hole 101 is prepared for machining.

[0057] Embodiment 2

[0058] With reference to Figures 5-9 The embodiment is based on the embodiment 1, and the difference between the embodiment 1 and the embodiment is that the embodiment provides a pipe plate laser electric arc composite welding method, which can further improve the welding quality between the pipe plate 100 and the heat exchange pipe 300.

[0059] Specifically, the multi-energy welding assembly 400 comprises a welding barrel 406 with an upward opening, the welding barrel 406 is fixedly connected with a connecting ring 405, the lower end of the connecting ring 405 is connected with a jet sleeve 401 with an annular hollow cavity 401a, a through hole is formed in the center of the jet sleeve 401, the outer periphery of the jet sleeve 401 is connected with a jet nozzle 410, the jet nozzle 410 is used for connecting an external gas source with the closed hollow cavity 401a, a plurality of exhaust holes 401b in communication with the hollow cavity 401a are arranged on the lower side of the jet sleeve 401, the axis direction of the exhaust holes 401b is directed to the direction of the focal point of the laser beam 700, the connecting ring 405 is connected with a welding wire cantilever 404 and an electric arc welding cantilever 408, the upward end of the connecting ring 405 is provided with a connecting groove 405b, the upper part of the welding wire cantilever 404 and the upper part of the electric arc welding cantilever 408 can be respectively inserted into the connecting groove 405b downward, a plurality of connecting holes 405a are formed in the connecting ring 405 below the connecting groove 405b, the downward end of the welding wire cantilever 404 and the electric arc welding cantilever 408 inserted into the connecting groove 405b are respectively provided with connecting counterbores coaxial with the connecting holes 405a, the welding wire cantilever 404 is connected with a wire guide 402 for feeding a welding wire 402a through a first universal joint 403, the electric arc welding cantilever 408 is connected with a welding gun 409 through a second universal joint 407, the welding gun head 409a of the welding gun 409 can be aligned with the welding wire 402a fed by the wire guide 402, the wire guide 402 and the welding gun 409 are both prior art, and how to feed the wire and weld will not be described in detail, which is not the improvement point of the present application.

[0060] The external gas source is connected through a pipeline and the jet nozzle 410, during welding, the external gas source provides inert gas to the jet nozzle 410 through the pipeline, the inert gas can be CO2 or Ar, the inert gas is inclined downward toward the direction of the focal point of the laser beam 700 and is discharged through the exhaust holes 401b, so as to ensure that the welding area is always protected by the gas.

[0061] Specifically, the opening of the welding cylinder 406 is fixedly connected with a support 412, the support 412 is provided with a spherical connecting through hole 412b, the support 412 is rotatably connected with a lens holder 419 through the connecting through hole 412b, the lens holder 419 is provided with a through hole at the center, the lens holder 419 is fixedly connected with a focusing lens 413 at the through hole, the support 412 at the end of the radial direction of the connecting through hole 412b is provided with a rotating hole, the end of the lens holder 419 extending into the rotating hole is fixedly connected with a swing rod, the support 412 at the end of the rotating hole away from the connecting through hole 412b is provided with a mounting hole, the support 412 above the mounting hole is fixedly connected with a welding motor 418, the welding motor 418 is connected with a transmission shaft 417 extending downward into the mounting hole, the transmission shaft 417 is connected with a driving bevel gear 416, the support 412 is rotatably connected with a driven bevel gear 415 matched with the driving bevel gear 416, the driven bevel gear 415 and the swing rod are connected with an eccentric rod 414, the eccentric rod 414 is arranged away from the center of the driven bevel gear 415 and the center of the swing rod; the welding cylinder 406 below the support 412 is connected with a light transmission glass, the via hole covers the light transmission glass, and the light transmission glass has the effect of preventing splashing.

[0062] The external device is connected with the welding cylinder 406, the external device drives the welding cylinder 406 to move, and the external device also provides the laser beam 700 for the focusing lens 413, the external device is prior art such as a mechanical arm, which is not the improvement point of the present application. Before welding, the running track 500 of the external device is set according to the predetermined track of the weld 600, so that the running track 500 meets the needs of the welding of the groove 102.

[0063] The step S4 specifically includes the following steps,

[0064] The external device emits the laser beam 700, and the focusing point of the laser beam 700 is adjusted by the external device, so that the focusing point of the laser beam 700 is 3-4 mm below the lower side of the groove 102;

[0065] The position of the electric arc welding cantilever 408 is adjusted to the normal direction of the track of the groove 102, the connecting bolt 411 is screwed into the corresponding connecting hole 405a and the connecting counterbore, and the electric arc welding cantilever 408 is fixed on the connecting ring 405;

[0066] The position of the welding wire cantilever 404 is adjusted to the front of the running track 500 of the multi-energy welding assembly 400, the connecting bolt 411 is screwed into the corresponding connecting hole 405a and the connecting counterbore, and the welding wire cantilever 404 is fixed on the connecting ring 405, and the electric arc welding cantilever 408 and the welding wire cantilever 404 form a 90° angle;

[0067] The arc welding torch 409 is adjusted in position by the second universal joint 407 so that the arc action position of the welding torch head 409a is aligned with the groove 102, and the second universal joint 407 and the arc welding torch 409 are fixed;

[0068] The position of the wire feeder 402 is adjusted by the first universal joint 403 so that the melting position of the welding wire 402a is exactly matched with the arc action position of the welding torch head 409a, and the first universal joint 403 and the wire feeder 402 are fixed;

[0069] The welding torch 409 is controlled to be opened, and the electrode of the welding torch head 409a is put into arc to melt the welding wire 402a in the groove 102, and a molten pool is formed at the groove 102 under the action of the arc, at this time, the laser is turned on, the laser beam 700 is transmitted to the focusing lens 413 through the optical fiber, and then is focused on the molten pool by the focusing lens 413, and the welding motor 418 is controlled to be opened, and the swing rod is rotated to swing the lens holder 419 and the focusing lens 413;

[0070] When the multi-energy welding assembly 400 moves according to the set track and ends, the tube plate 100 is welded with the heat exchange pipe 300 through the groove 102 (as shown in Figure 9 ).

[0071] The first universal joint 403 and the second universal joint 407 are prior art, and how to be fixed with the wire feeder 402 or the arc welding torch 409 or be adjusted in angle does not need to be described in detail, and is not the improvement point of the present application.

[0072] When the multi-energy welding assembly 400 is used to weld the tube plate 100, the laser beam 700 and the arc jointly act on the same molten pool, the laser beam 700 is swung in the shape of “∞” in the molten pool, the characteristics of deep laser melting are utilized to fully stir the molten pool so that the alloy elements in the molten pool are uniformly distributed, spatters are inhibited, the cooling time of the molten pool is effectively prolonged, the appearance of pores in the weld 600 is effectively avoided, the appearance of hump and weld tumor is effectively inhibited, the weld 600 also has a certain heat treatment effect, the residual stress in the weld 600 is effectively reduced, and the welding quality of the tube plate 100 is improved.

[0073] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application but not limit the present application, although the present application is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced equivalently without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application, and all of them should be covered in the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of tube sheet laser electric arc hybrid welding, characterized by: A tube hole (101) is opened on the tube plate (100); The method comprises the following steps, S1, using a bevel processing assembly (200) to process a bevel (102) with an annular stress groove (103) on the tube plate (100) at the tube hole (101); S2, cleaning the bevel (102); S3, inserting a heat exchange tube (300) to be welded into the tube hole (101), so that a welding end of the heat exchange tube (300) extends out of the tube plate (100); S4, using a multi-energy welding assembly (400) to weld the tube plate (100) and the heat exchange tube (300) at the bevel (102); The stress groove (103) is opened on the tube plate (100) at the outer edge of the bevel (102); The bevel processing assembly (200) comprises a bevel (102) processing rack (206), the processing rack (206) is fixedly connected with a positioning rod (205), the positioning rod (205) is rotationally connected with a processing barrel (207), the lower end of the processing barrel (207) is a tool bit (207b) with the same shape as the bevel (102), the positioning rod (205) below the tool bit (207b) is fixedly connected with a positioning part (205a), the positioning part (205a) is arranged with a plurality of positioning counterbores (412a) (205a-1), the positioning part (205a) is connected with a positioning barrel (209) through the positioning counterbores (412a) (205a-1), the center of the positioning barrel (209) is provided with a positioning hole (209b), one end of the positioning hole (209b) close to the outer edge of the tube hole (101) is connected with a ball (208) that can roll in the positioning hole (209b), the positioning barrel (209) is threadedly connected with a stop plate (212) through the positioning hole (209b), the stop plate (212) and the ball are connected with a spring (211), the ball (208) can abut against the tube plate (100) at the outer edge of the tube hole (101) under the action of the spring (211), the positioning barrel (209) on one side of the positioning hole (209b) relative to the outer edge of the tube hole (101) is fixedly connected with a positioning step (209a) for preventing the ball (208) from rolling out of the positioning barrel (209).

2. The tube sheet laser-electric arc hybrid welding method of claim 1, wherein: The upper end of the processing rack (206) is fixedly connected with a processing motor (204), the processing motor (204) is connected with an output shaft (203), the output shaft (203) is connected with a driving gear (202), and the upper end of the processing barrel (207) is fixedly connected with a driven gear (207a) engaged with the driving gear (202).

3. The tube sheet laser-electric arc hybrid welding method of claim 2, wherein: The S1 specifically comprises, The external driving device drives the groove machining assembly (200) to move, so that the positioning part (205a) is inserted into the pipe hole (101). Under the action of the ball (208) and the spring (211), the positioning rod (205) is automatically positioned at the center position of the pipe hole (101). The machining motor (204) is controlled to operate, the machining cylinder (207) rotates, the external driving device drives the groove machining assembly (200) to drill down until the tool head (207b) machines the groove (102) with the stress groove (103) on the tube plate (100), and then the external driving device pulls out the groove machining assembly (200), the positioning rod (205) leaves the pipe hole (101), and the next groove (102) at the pipe hole (101) is prepared for machining.

4. The tube sheet laser-electric arc hybrid welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The multi-energy welding assembly (400) comprises a welding cylinder (406) with an upward opening, a connecting ring (405) is fixedly connected to the welding cylinder (406), a jet sleeve (401) with an annular hollow cavity (401a) is connected to the lower end of the connecting ring (405), a jet nozzle (410) is connected to the outer periphery of the jet sleeve (401), the jet nozzle (410) is used for connecting an external gas source to the closed hollow cavity (401a), a plurality of exhaust holes (401b) in communication with the hollow cavity (401a) are arranged on the lower side of the jet sleeve (401), the connecting ring (405) is connected with a welding wire cantilever (404) and an electric arc welding cantilever (408), the welding wire cantilever (404) is connected with a wire guide (402) for feeding and discharging a welding wire (402a) through a first universal joint (403), the electric arc welding cantilever (408) is connected with a welding gun (409) through a second universal joint (407), and the welding gun head (409a) of the welding gun (409) can be aligned with the welding wire (402a) fed by the wire guide (402).

5. The tube sheet laser-electric arc hybrid welding method of claim 4, wherein: A support (412) is fixedly connected in the opening of the welding cylinder (406), a spherical connecting through hole (412b) is formed in the support (412), and a lens holder (419) is rotatably connected to the support (412) through the connecting through hole (412b).

6. The tube sheet laser-electric arc hybrid welding method of claim 5, wherein: A rotating hole is formed in the support (412) at one end of the radial direction of the connecting through hole (412b), one end of the lens holder (419) extending into the rotating hole is fixedly connected with a swing rod, an installation hole is formed in the support (412) at the end of the rotating hole away from the connecting through hole (412b), a welding motor (418) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the support (412) of the installation hole, a transmission shaft (417) extending downward into the installation hole is connected to the welding motor (418), a driving bevel gear (416) is connected to the transmission shaft (417), a driven bevel gear (415) cooperating with the driving bevel gear (416) is rotatably connected to the support (412), an eccentric rod (414) is connected between the driven bevel gear (415) and the swing rod, and the eccentric rod (414) is arranged to be offset from the center of the driven bevel gear (415) and the center of the swing rod.

7. The tube sheet laser-electric arc hybrid welding method of claim 6, wherein: The S4 specifically comprises the following steps, The external device emits a laser beam (700), and the focus point of the laser beam (700) is adjusted to be 3-4 mm below the lower side of the groove (102); The position of the arc welding boom (408) is adjusted to the normal direction of the track of the groove (102), and the arc welding boom (408) is fixed; The position of the welding wire boom (404) is adjusted to the front of the running track (500) of the multi-energy welding assembly (400), and the welding wire boom (404) is fixed, and the arc welding boom (408) and the welding wire boom (404) form a 90° angle; The position of the arc welding gun (409) is adjusted through the second universal joint (407) so that the arc action position of the upper gun head (409a) of the arc welding gun (409) is aligned with the groove (102); Then the position of the wire guide (402) is adjusted through the first universal joint (403) so that the melting position of the welding wire (402a) is exactly matched with the arc action position of the gun head (409a); The welding gun (409) is controlled to be turned on, the electrode of the gun head (409a) is put into arc to melt the welding wire (402a) in the groove (102), and under the action of the arc, a molten pool is formed at the groove (102), at this time, the laser is turned on, the laser beam (700) is transmitted to the focusing lens (413) through an optical fiber, and then the focusing lens (413) is focused on the molten pool through the focusing lens (413), the welding motor (418) is controlled to be turned on, the swing rod is rotated to swing the lens holder (419) and the focusing lens (413); When the multi-energy welding assembly (400) moves according to the set track, the tube plate (100) is welded with the heat exchange pipe (300) through the groove (102).

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