A device for active reinforcement of surrounding rock in a fracture zone

Abstract

The application relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to a broken zone surrounding rock active reinforcement device, which comprises an advanced small guide pipe, the advanced small guide pipe comprises a pipe body, a plurality of through holes are formed in the pipe body, one end of the pipe body is in a conical shape, the other end of the pipe body is in a circular truncated cone shape, and the other end of the pipe body is provided with a plugging mechanism; in the application, the plugging mechanism is arranged to plug the hole opening of the hole, the slurry is blocked in the hole, the slurry outflow waste is reduced, and the possibility of slurry impact discharge is reduced; the plugging mechanism is simple in structure, convenient to operate, easy to install on the pipe body, and does not affect the normal use of the pipe body; meanwhile, after the slurry is dried and solidified, the plugging mechanism can be taken off from the pipe body, the slurry on the surface of the plugging mechanism is cleaned, the plugging mechanism is recycled for use multiple times, and the cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, specifically to an active reinforcement device for fractured surrounding rock. Background Technology

[0002] In fractured rock formations, various support methods are commonly used to reinforce the surrounding rock. For example, the use of pre-excavated small guide pipes can effectively reinforce loose rock strata. The construction principle is as follows: before tunnel excavation, holes are drilled along the excavation outline, and then pre-excavated small guide pipes are driven into the holes. The pre-excavated small guide pipes are exposed outside the holes and supported on the steel frame of the tunnel arch. Then, grouting is performed on the pre-excavated small guide pipes. Cement grout is generally used. The grout is injected into the pre-excavated small guide pipes through a high-pressure mud pump. Then, the grout overflows into the holes through the through holes set on the pre-excavated small guide pipes. The grout seeps into the cracks in the rock strata along the cracks in the holes, increasing the rigidity of the pre-excavated small guide pipes and consolidating the loose surrounding rock in front of them. This allows it to support the surrounding rock above the arch within the excavation advance range, effectively preventing the surrounding rock from loosening and collapsing within a certain period of time after excavation.

[0003] During the grouting process, the grout overflows along the through hole and seeps into the rock strata fissures. At the same time, some grout is also drained out along the gap between the advanced small guide pipe and the hole. That is, the grout will flow towards the relatively low-pressure hole opening, rather than into the rock strata fissures that are difficult to penetrate, which will result in a large amount of grout being wasted.

[0004] Therefore, an active reinforcement device for fractured zone surrounding rock is proposed to address the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: the present invention provides an active reinforcement device for fractured zone surrounding rock, including an advanced small guide tube, the advanced small guide tube including a tube body, multiple through holes opened on the tube body, one end of the tube body is set in a conical shape, the other end of the tube body is set in a frustum shape, and the other end of the tube body is provided with a sealing mechanism.

[0007] The sealing mechanism is used to seal the gap between the pipe body and the hole opening in the rock mass. The sealing mechanism includes two clamping pipes arranged in half. The inner surface shape of each clamping pipe is adapted to the outer ring shape of the other end of the pipe body. The outer ring of the end of each clamping pipe opposite to the other end of the pipe body is provided with a threaded body. The threaded body seals the gap between the pipe body and the hole opening in the soil.

[0008] Fastening plates are provided on the opposite side walls of the two clamping tubes. The two clamping tubes, which are arranged in half, are clamped at the other end of the tube body. The two fastening plates are fastened together by bolts and nuts.

[0009] Preferably, the other end of the tube body is provided with multiple limiting rings; each clamping tube has multiple semi-annular protrusions on its inner sidewall, and two clamping tubes arranged in half are clamped at the other end of the tube body, with the protrusions embedded in the gap between two adjacent limiting rings.

[0010] Preferably, a reinforcing structure for fixing the tunnel sidewall is provided between adjacent advanced small guide tubes;

[0011] The reinforcing structure includes multiple grouting pipes. One end of each grouting pipe is inserted into a grouting hole opened on the tunnel sidewall, and the other end of the grouting pipe protrudes from the tunnel sidewall and is fixed together by a support plate. The support plate is attached to the tunnel sidewall, and multiple discharge ports are opened on each grouting pipe.

[0012] Preferably, each of the discharge ports has a hook plate on its outer surface. One end of the hook plate is fixed to the discharge port near one end of the grouting pipe, and the other end of the hook plate is inclined and set away from the surface of the grouting pipe.

[0013] Preferably, a push rod is fixed to the other end of each hook plate, and the end of the push rod is fixed to the side wall of the discharge port.

[0014] Preferably, the back of the support plate is provided with multiple pull plates, each pull plate is provided with longitudinal steel bars, the longitudinal steel bars are arranged perpendicular to the length direction of the support plate, and transverse steel bars are inserted between the longitudinal steel bars. Both the longitudinal steel bars and the transverse steel bars are attached to the tunnel sidewall.

[0015] Preferably, the support plate has a row of rectangular holes, and each rectangular hole has a pull plate. One end of the pull plate is hook-shaped and is located on the back of the support plate. The hook part of the pull plate hooks the longitudinal steel bar, and the other end of the pull plate has a threaded rod. The threaded rod passes through the rectangular hole and extends to the surface of the support plate, and a fastening nut is threaded on the threaded rod.

[0016] Preferably, one end of each grouting pipe is tapered, and multiple discharge holes are provided on the surface of the tapered portion of the grouting pipe, the discharge holes being connected to the interior of the grouting pipe.

[0017] Preferably, the end of each of the longitudinal reinforcing bars is inserted obliquely into the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0018] Preferably, the outer ring of each grouting pipe is provided with a spiral groove.

[0019] The advantages of this invention are:

[0020] 1. In this invention, the threaded body on the clamping tube is embedded in the gap between the tube body and the hole, sealing the gap. Before the threaded body is embedded in the gap, some slurry or some sealing agent can be applied to the surface of the threaded body. The drying and solidification time is short. After the threaded body is embedded in the gap, the sealing agent can dry and solidify quickly, and the sealing mechanism together with the tube body is sealed and fixed at the opening of the hole, improving construction efficiency.

[0021] 2. In this invention, a sealing mechanism is set up to seal the opening of the hole, blocking the slurry inside the hole, reducing the possibility of slurry outflow and waste, or mud impact discharge. Moreover, the sealing mechanism has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and is easy to install on the pipe body without affecting the normal use of the pipe body. At the same time, after the slurry dries and solidifies, the sealing mechanism can be removed from the pipe body, the slurry on the surface of the sealing mechanism can be cleaned, and it can be reused multiple times, reducing costs.

[0022] 3. In this invention, the shielding effect of the support plate can block the mud discharged from the grouting hole, preventing the slurry from impacting the operator. After the slurry in the grouting hole and the grouting pipe solidifies in the grouting hole, the grouting pipe solidifies in the grouting hole, and the grouting pipe is fixed together with the support plate, the support plate can maintain a fixing force in the radial direction of the tunnel, further strengthening and stabilizing the rock mass of the inner sidewall of the tunnel. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a first-view exploded view of the cooperation between the advanced small catheter and the occlusion component in this invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a second-view exploded view of the cooperation between the advanced small catheter and the occlusion component in this invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the clamping tube in this invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a front view of the advanced small catheter in this invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a first-view perspective view of the reinforcing structure in this invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a second-view perspective view of the reinforcing structure in this invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the grouting pipe in this invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the combination of the reinforcing structure and the advanced small catheter in this invention;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the support plate in this invention;

[0032] Figure 10 This is a perspective view of the cooperation between the pull plate and the support plate in this invention;

[0033] Figure 11 This is a perspective view of the connection between the tie plate and the longitudinal reinforcement in this invention.

[0034] In the diagram: 1. Pre-guide tube; 2. Tube body; 3. Through hole; 4. Clamping tube; 5. Threaded body; 6. Fastening plate; 7. Limiting ring; 8. Protrusion; 9. Grouting pipe; 10. Support plate; 11. Discharge port; 12. Hook plate; 13. Top rod; 14. Pull plate; 15. Longitudinal reinforcement; 16. Transverse reinforcement bar; 17. Rectangular hole; 18. Threaded rod; 19. Fastening nut; 20. Discharge hole; 21. Groove. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 8 An active reinforcement device for fractured zone surrounding rock includes an advanced small guide tube 1. The advanced small guide tube 1 includes a tube body 2 with multiple through holes 3. One end of the tube body 2 is cone-shaped, and the other end of the tube body 2 is frustum-shaped. A sealing mechanism is provided at the other end of the tube body 2.

[0037] The sealing mechanism is used to seal the gap between the pipe body 2 and the hole opening in the rock mass. The sealing mechanism includes two clamping pipes 4 arranged in half. The inner surface shape of each clamping pipe 4 is adapted to the outer ring shape of the other end of the pipe body 2. The outer ring of the end of each clamping pipe 4 opposite to the other end of the pipe body 2 is provided with a threaded body 5. The threaded body 5 seals the gap between the pipe body 2 and the hole opening in the soil.

[0038] Fastening plates 6 are provided on the opposite side walls of the two clamping tubes 4. The two clamping tubes 4, which are arranged in half, are clamped at the other end of the tube body 2. The two fastening plates 6 are fastened together by bolts and nuts.

[0039] In this embodiment, the research was carried out through construction site and indoor tests, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and other methods. The pre-reinforcement of the surrounding rock adopts the advanced pipe roof grouting construction method, namely the advanced small pipe 1 grouting construction method in this embodiment. Active grouting pre-reinforces the weak and fractured surrounding rock. The movable small-angle advanced drilling and grouting integrated machine was simulated through indoor tests. The design system of advanced pre-reinforcement structure with horizontal or as small an elevation angle as possible was established. The feasibility was verified through numerical simulation, indoor tests and field tests to ensure the safety and standardization of construction.

[0040] After verifying the feasibility of construction, the grouting operation of the pre-conduit pipe 1 is carried out. In this embodiment, a sealing mechanism is set at the other end of the pre-conduit pipe 1, that is, a sealing mechanism is set at the end of the pre-conduit pipe 1 exposed outside the hole and supported by the tunnel arch steel frame. It is used to seal the gap between the pipe body 2 and the hole opening on the rock mass, and seal the grout inside the hole to reduce the possibility of grout overflow or impact discharge. The specific operation is as follows: Drill holes along the excavation outline. During the drilling process, the sealing mechanism can be installed one by one at the other end of the pipe body 2. Two clamping pipes 4 set in half wrap around the other end of the pipe body 2. The inner sidewall of the clamping pipe 4 is tightly attached to the surface of the other end of the pipe body 2, and the fastening plates 6 on the clamping pipe 4 are set opposite to each other. Then, the fastening plates 6 are fixed together with bolts and nuts. At this time, the two clamping pipes 4 set in half tightly wrap around the other end of the pipe body 2.

[0041] After drilling is completed, each pipe body 2 is inserted into the hole one by one. One end of the pipe body 2 is embedded in the hole, and the other end of the pipe body 2 is placed at the opening of the hole. At the same time, the threaded body 5 on the clamping pipe 4 is embedded in the gap between the pipe body 2 and the hole to seal the gap. Before the threaded body 5 is embedded in the gap, some slurry or some sealing agent with a short drying and setting time can be applied to the surface of the threaded body 5. After the threaded body 5 is embedded in the gap, the sealing agent can dry and solidify quickly, and the sealing mechanism together with the pipe body 2 is sealed and fixed at the opening of the hole, improving construction efficiency.

[0042] During the grouting process, a high-pressure mud pump injects grout into the pipe body 2 through a grouting hose. The grout overflows into the hole along the through hole 3 on the pipe body 2 and gradually seeps into the cracks in the rock mass. At this time, the sealing mechanism seals the opening of the hole, blocking the grout inside the hole and reducing the possibility of grout overflow and waste, or mud impact discharge. Moreover, the sealing mechanism has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and is easy to install on the pipe body 2 without affecting the normal use of the pipe body 2. After the grout dries and solidifies, the sealing mechanism can be removed from the pipe body 2, the grout on the surface of the sealing mechanism can be cleaned, and it can be reused multiple times to reduce costs.

[0043] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 4 The other end of the tube body 2 is provided with multiple limiting rings 7; each clamping tube 4 has multiple semi-annular protrusions 8 on its inner sidewall, and two clamping tubes 4 are clamped at the other end of the tube body 2, with the protrusions 8 embedded in the gap between two adjacent limiting rings 7.

[0044] The frustum shape at the other end of the tube body 2 and the tight attachment of the inner wall of the clamping tube 4 to the surface of the other end of the tube body 2 are designed to prevent the clamping tube 4 from detaching from the tube body 2. The slurry will exert pressure on the part of the clamping tube 4 embedded in the gap, which will generate a pushing force on the clamping tube 4 out of the opening. The frustum shape at the other end of the tube body 2 and the inner wall of the clamping tube 4 can restrain the clamping tube 4. Furthermore, in this embodiment, multiple limiting rings 7 are also provided on the outer ring of the other end of the tube body 2. The limiting rings 7 cooperate with the protrusions 8 on the inner wall of the clamping tube 4 to further improve the connection strength between the clamping tube 4 and the tube body 2.

[0045] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 8 A reinforcing structure for fixing the tunnel sidewall is provided between adjacent advanced small guide tubes 1;

[0046] The reinforcing structure includes multiple grouting pipes 9. One end of each grouting pipe 9 is inserted into a grouting hole opened on the tunnel sidewall, and the other end of the grouting pipe 9 protrudes from the tunnel sidewall and is fixed together by a support plate 10. The support plate 10 is attached to the tunnel sidewall, and multiple discharge ports 11 are opened on each grouting pipe 9.

[0047] Drilling holes along the excavation outline, inserting advanced small guide pipes 1 into the holes, and grouting to reinforce the surrounding rock are one method of reinforcing the surrounding rock. In this embodiment, a reinforcing structure is also designed to cooperate with the construction of the advanced small guide pipes 1. The reinforcing structure is used to assist the construction of the advanced small guide pipes 1 and can further reinforce the surrounding rock. The specific construction of the reinforcing structure is as follows:

[0048] After the pre-conducting small guide pipe 1 is constructed, the tunnel is excavated, and then holes are drilled on the tunnel surface, i.e., on the sidewall of the rock mass. Drilling proceeds radially along the tunnel, with the grouting holes located between adjacent pre-conducting small guide pipes 1, i.e., between adjacent holes. After drilling the grouting holes, grouting pipes 9 are inserted one by one into the grouting holes. Then, a support plate 10 is installed on the other end of the grouting pipe 9. Multiple mounting holes are pre-drilled on the support plate 10 for fixing the grouting pipes 9. A threaded cap is welded to the outer ring of the other end of the grouting pipe 9, which can be used with a fastening bolt that passes through the support plate 10. The fastening bolt passes through the support plate 10 and is screwed onto the threaded cap. At this point, multiple grouting pipes 9 can be fixed to one support plate 10, improving overall integrity and making the rock mass more stable. Simultaneously, the support plate 10 adheres to the inner sidewall of the tunnel and forms a [structure] with the pre-conducting small guide pipe 1. Figure 8 As shown, the length direction of the support plate 10 is parallel to the axis of the advanced small guide;

[0049] The grout is injected into the grouting pipe 9 by a high-pressure mud pump and a grouting hose. The grout overflows into the grouting hole along the discharge port 11. Due to the shielding effect of the support plate 10, the mud that is impacted and discharged from the grouting hole can be blocked, preventing the grout from impacting the operator. After the grout in the grouting hole and the grouting pipe 9 solidifies, the grouting pipe 9 solidifies in the grouting hole. The grouting pipe 9 is fixed together with the support plate 10, which can keep the support plate 10 fixed in the radial direction of the tunnel, further strengthening and stabilizing the rock mass of the inner sidewall of the tunnel.

[0050] Reference Figure 5 - Figure 7 Each of the discharge ports 11 has a hook plate 12 on its outer surface. One end of the hook plate 12 is fixed to the discharge port 11 near one end of the grouting pipe 9, and the other end of the hook plate 12 is inclined and set away from the surface of the grouting pipe 9.

[0051] A hook plate 12 is installed at the discharge port 11. The hook plate 12 is inclined, which serves two purposes: first, it can enhance the contact surface between the grouting pipe 9 and the grout, and enhance the firmness between the grouting pipe 9 and the rock mass; second, the other end of the hook plate 12 is inclined and set away from the surface of the grouting pipe 9, which helps the grout to overflow from the grouting hole and fill the gap between the support plate 10 and the inner wall of the tunnel, thereby improving the firmness between the support plate 10 and the inner wall of the tunnel; and third, the grout overflowing from the grouting hole can also be diverted to the gap on the surface of the tunnel to stabilize the rock mass.

[0052] Reference Figure 5 - Figure 7 Each hook plate 12 has a push rod 13 fixedly connected to its other end, and the end of the push rod 13 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the discharge port 11.

[0053] The hook plate 12 is connected to the grouting pipe 9 by welding. If foreign objects press on the hook plate 12, the hook plate 12 may be bent and deformed, blocking the discharge port 11. Therefore, a top rod 13 is provided to support the hook plate 12 and hold it in place.

[0054] Reference Figure 5 - Figure 11 The back of the support plate 10 is provided with multiple pull plates 14, and each pull plate 14 is provided with a longitudinal steel bar 15. The longitudinal steel bar 15 is arranged perpendicular to the length direction of the support plate 10, and transverse steel bars 16 are inserted between the longitudinal steel bars 15. Both the longitudinal steel bars 15 and the transverse steel bars 16 are attached to the tunnel sidewall.

[0055] Longitudinal reinforcing bars 15 are inserted into the tie plate 14, and then grouting is performed. The grout overflows the back of the support plate 10 and covers the longitudinal reinforcing bars 15 and the transverse reinforcing bars 16, which improves the strength of the grout after solidification, thereby further improving the stability of the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0056] The longitudinal reinforcing bars 15 are arranged perpendicular to the length direction of the support plate 10, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the longitudinal steel bar 15, together with the support plate 10, maintains a fixing force in the radial direction of the tunnel after the grout dries and solidifies, further strengthening and stabilizing the rock mass of the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0057] Reference Figure 9 - Figure 11 The support plate 10 has a row of rectangular holes 17, and each rectangular hole 17 is provided with a pull plate 14. One end of the pull plate 14 is hook-shaped and is located on the back of the support plate 10. The hook part of the pull plate 14 hooks the longitudinal steel bar 15. The other end of the pull plate 14 is provided with a threaded rod 18. The threaded rod 18 passes through the rectangular hole 17 and extends to the surface of the support plate 10. A fastening nut 19 is threadedly connected to the threaded rod 18.

[0058] Multiple pull plates 14 are provided on the back of the support plate 10. One end of the pull plate 14 is hook-shaped, which makes it convenient to install the longitudinal steel bar 15 on the support plate 10. Simply insert the longitudinal steel bar 15 into the opening of the pull plate 14, then rotate the fastening bolt. The fastening bolt pulls the threaded rod 18, and the threaded rod 18 pulls the pull plate 14 to move. The hook plate 12 presses the longitudinal steel bar 15 against the back of the support plate 10, so that the longitudinal steel bar 15 is stabilized. Then, the transverse steel bar 16 is laid to facilitate the fixation of the longitudinal steel bar 15. At the same time, the position of the longitudinal steel bar 15 fixed on the back of the support plate 10 can be adjusted according to the length of the longitudinal steel bar 15, which is more flexible.

[0059] Reference Figure 5 - Figure 8 Each of the grouting pipes 9 has a tapered end, and multiple discharge holes 20 are provided on the tapered surface of the grouting pipe 9. The discharge holes 20 are connected to the inside of the grouting pipe 9. The tapered end of the grouting pipe 9 facilitates insertion into the grouting hole, and the multiple discharge holes 20 provided on the tapered part of the grouting pipe 9 allow the grout to overflow the entire grouting hole, ensuring that the construction is carried out strictly in accordance with the requirements.

[0060] Reference Figure 5 - Figure 8 The end of each of the longitudinal reinforcing bars 15 is inserted obliquely into the inner wall of the tunnel;

[0061] The ends of the longitudinal steel bars 15 are bent and bent toward the tunnel surface. Inclined holes adapted to the ends of the longitudinal steel bars 15 are drilled in the tunnel surface. The ends of the longitudinal steel bars 15 are embedded in the inclined holes to enhance the connection strength and stability between the longitudinal steel bars 15 and the tunnel.

[0062] Reference Figure 5 - Figure 7Each of the grouting pipes 9 has a spiral groove 21 on its outer ring; the spiral groove 21 on the surface of the grouting pipe 9 increases the contact surface between the grouting pipe 9 and the grout, and enhances the connection strength between the grouting pipe 9 and the rock mass.

[0063] Working principle: In this embodiment, a sealing mechanism is set at the other end of the advanced small guide tube 1, that is, a sealing mechanism is set at the end of the advanced small guide tube 1 that is exposed outside the hole and supported by the steel frame of the tunnel arch. It is used to seal the gap between the pipe body 2 and the hole opening on the rock mass, and seal the grout inside the hole to reduce the possibility of grout overflow or impact discharge. The specific operation is as follows: Drill holes along the excavation outline. During the drilling process, the sealing mechanism can be installed one by one at the other end of the pipe body 2. Two clamping tubes 4 set in half wrap around the other end of the pipe body 2. The inner sidewall of the clamping tube 4 is tightly attached to the surface of the other end of the pipe body 2, and the fastening plates 6 on the clamping tube 4 are set opposite to each other. Then, the fastening plates 6 are fixed together with bolts and nuts. At this time, the two clamping tubes 4 set in half tightly wrap around the other end of the pipe body 2.

[0064] After drilling is completed, each pipe body 2 is inserted into the hole one by one. One end of the pipe body 2 is embedded in the hole, and the other end of the pipe body 2 is placed at the opening of the hole. At the same time, the threaded body 5 on the clamping pipe 4 is embedded in the gap between the pipe body 2 and the hole to seal the gap. Before the threaded body 5 is embedded in the gap, some slurry or some sealing agent can be applied to the surface of the threaded body 5. The drying and solidification time is short. After the threaded body 5 is embedded in the gap, the sealing agent can dry and solidify quickly and fix the sealing mechanism together with the pipe body 2 to the opening of the hole, thereby improving construction efficiency.

[0065] During the grouting process, a high-pressure mud pump injects grout into the pipe body 2 through a grouting hose. The grout overflows into the hole through the through hole 3 on the pipe body 2 and gradually seeps into the cracks in the rock mass. At this time, the sealing mechanism seals the opening of the hole, blocking the grout inside the hole and reducing the possibility of grout overflow and waste or mud impact discharge. Moreover, the sealing mechanism has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and is easy to install on the pipe body 2 without affecting the normal use of the pipe body 2. After the grout dries and solidifies, the sealing mechanism can be removed from the pipe body 2, the grout on the surface of the sealing mechanism can be cleaned, and it can be reused multiple times to reduce costs.

[0066] The frustum shape at the other end of the tube body 2 and the tight attachment of the inner wall of the clamping tube 4 to the surface of the other end of the tube body 2 are designed to prevent the clamping tube 4 from detaching from the tube body 2. The slurry will exert pressure on the part of the clamping tube 4 embedded in the gap, and will generate a pushing force on the clamping tube 4 out of the opening. The frustum shape at the other end of the tube body 2 and the inner wall of the clamping tube 4 can restrain the clamping tube 4. Furthermore, in this embodiment, multiple limiting rings 7 are also provided on the outer ring of the other end of the tube body 2. The limiting rings 7 cooperate with the protrusions 8 on the inner wall of the clamping tube 4 to further improve the connection strength between the clamping tube 4 and the tube body 2.

[0067] Drilling holes along the excavation outline, inserting advanced small guide pipes 1 into the holes, and grouting to reinforce the surrounding rock are one method of reinforcing the surrounding rock. In this embodiment, a reinforcing structure is also designed to cooperate with the construction of the advanced small guide pipes 1. The reinforcing structure is used to assist the construction of the advanced small guide pipes 1 and can further reinforce the surrounding rock. The specific construction of the reinforcing structure is as follows:

[0068] After the pre-conducting small guide pipe 1 is constructed, the tunnel is excavated, and then holes are drilled on the tunnel surface, i.e., on the sidewall of the rock mass. Drilling proceeds radially along the tunnel, with the grouting holes located between adjacent pre-conducting small guide pipes 1, i.e., between adjacent holes. After drilling the grouting holes, grouting pipes 9 are inserted one by one into the grouting holes. Then, a support plate 10 is installed on the other end of the grouting pipe 9. Multiple mounting holes are pre-drilled on the support plate 10 for fixing the grouting pipes 9. A threaded cap is welded to the outer ring of the other end of the grouting pipe 9, which can be used with a fastening bolt that passes through the support plate 10. The fastening bolt passes through the support plate 10 and is screwed onto the threaded cap. At this point, multiple grouting pipes 9 can be fixed to one support plate 10, improving overall integrity and making the rock mass more stable. Simultaneously, the support plate 10 adheres to the inner sidewall of the tunnel and forms a [structure] with the pre-conducting small guide pipe 1. Figure 8 As shown, the length direction of the support plate 10 is parallel to the axis of the advanced small guide;

[0069] The grout is injected into the grouting pipe 9 by a high-pressure mud pump and a grouting hose. The grout overflows into the grouting hole along the discharge port 11. Due to the shielding effect of the support plate 10, the mud that is impacted and discharged from the grouting hole can be blocked, preventing the grout from impacting the operator. After the grout in the grouting hole and the grouting pipe 9 solidifies in the grouting hole, the grouting pipe 9 solidifies in the grouting hole. The grouting pipe 9 is fixed together with the support plate 10, which can keep the support plate 10 fixed in the radial direction of the tunnel, further strengthening and stabilizing the rock mass of the inner sidewall of the tunnel.

[0070] A hook plate 12 is installed at the discharge port 11. The hook plate 12 is inclined, which serves two purposes: first, it can enhance the contact surface between the grouting pipe 9 and the grout, and enhance the firmness between the grouting pipe 9 and the rock mass; second, the other end of the hook plate 12 is inclined and set away from the surface of the grouting pipe 9, which helps the grout to overflow from the grouting hole and fill the gap between the support plate 10 and the inner wall of the tunnel, thereby improving the firmness between the support plate 10 and the inner wall of the tunnel; third, the grout overflowing from the grouting hole can also be diverted to the gap on the surface of the tunnel to stabilize the rock mass.

[0071] The hook plate 12 is connected to the grouting pipe 9 by welding. If foreign objects press on the hook plate 12, the hook plate 12 may be bent and deformed, blocking the discharge port 11. Therefore, a top rod 13 is provided to support the hook plate 12 and hold it in place.

[0072] Longitudinal reinforcing bars 15 are inserted into the tie plate 14, and then grouting is performed. The grout overflows the back of the support plate 10 and covers the longitudinal reinforcing bars 15 and the transverse reinforcing bars 16, which improves the strength of the grout after solidification, thereby further improving the stability of the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0073] The longitudinal reinforcing bars 15 are arranged perpendicular to the length direction of the support plate 10, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the longitudinal steel bar 15, together with the support plate 10, maintains a fixing force in the radial direction of the tunnel after the grout dries and solidifies, further strengthening and stabilizing the rock mass of the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0074] Multiple pull plates 14 are provided on the back of the support plate 10. One end of the pull plate 14 is hook-shaped, which makes it convenient to install the longitudinal steel bar 15 on the support plate 10. The longitudinal steel bar 15 can be inserted into the opening of the pull plate 14. Then, the fastening bolt is rotated, the fastening bolt pulls the threaded rod 18, the threaded rod 18 pulls the pull plate 14 to move, and the hook plate 12 presses the longitudinal steel bar 15 against the back of the support plate 10, so that the longitudinal steel bar 15 is stabilized. Then, the transverse steel bar 16 is laid to facilitate the fixation of the longitudinal steel bar 15. At the same time, the position of the longitudinal steel bar 15 fixed on the back of the support plate 10 can be adjusted according to the length of the longitudinal steel bar 15, which is more flexible.

[0075] One end of the grouting pipe 9 is tapered to facilitate insertion of the grouting pipe 9 into the grouting hole. Multiple discharge holes 20 are provided in the tapered part of the grouting pipe 9 so that the grout can fill the entire grouting hole and ensure that the construction requirements are strictly followed.

[0076] The ends of the longitudinal steel bars 15 are bent and bent toward the tunnel surface. Inclined holes adapted to the ends of the longitudinal steel bars 15 are drilled in the tunnel surface. The ends of the longitudinal steel bars 15 are embedded in the inclined holes to enhance the connection strength and stability between the longitudinal steel bars 15 and the tunnel.

[0077] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An active reinforcement device for fractured zone surrounding rock, characterized in that: It includes an advanced small conduit (1), the advanced small conduit (1) includes a tube body (2), a plurality of through holes (3) are opened on the tube body (2), one end of the tube body (2) is set in a cone shape, the other end of the tube body (2) is set in a frustum shape, and the other end of the tube body (2) is provided with a sealing mechanism; The sealing mechanism is used to seal the gap between the pipe body (2) and the hole opening in the rock mass. The sealing mechanism includes two clamping pipes (4) arranged in half. The inner surface shape of each clamping pipe (4) is adapted to the outer ring shape of the other end of the pipe body (2). The outer ring of the end of each clamping pipe (4) away from the other end of the pipe body (2) is provided with a threaded body (5). The threaded body (5) seals the gap between the pipe body (2) and the hole opening in the soil. Fastening plates (6) are provided on the opposite side walls of the two clamping tubes (4). The two clamping tubes (4) are clamped at the other end of the tube body (2) and the two fastening plates (6) are fastened together by bolts and nuts. The other end of the tube body (2) is provided with multiple limiting rings (7); each clamping tube (4) has multiple semi-annular protrusions (8) on its inner sidewall, and two clamping tubes (4) are clamped at the other end of the tube body (2), with the protrusions (8) embedded in the gap between two adjacent limiting rings (7); A reinforcing structure for fixing the tunnel sidewall is provided between adjacent advanced small guide tubes (1); The reinforcing structure includes multiple grouting pipes (9), one end of each grouting pipe (9) is inserted into a grouting hole opened on the tunnel sidewall, the other end of the grouting pipe (9) protrudes from the tunnel sidewall and is fixed together by a support plate (10), the support plate (10) is attached to the tunnel sidewall, and multiple discharge ports (11) are opened on each grouting pipe (9). Each of the discharge ports (11) has a hook plate (12) on its outer surface. One end of the hook plate (12) is fixed to the discharge port (11) near one end of the grouting pipe (9), and the other end of the hook plate (12) is inclined and set away from the surface of the grouting pipe (9). Each hook plate (12) has a push rod (13) fixed to the other end, and the end of the push rod (13) is fixed to the side wall of the discharge port (11); The back of the support plate (10) is provided with multiple pull plates (14), each pull plate (14) is provided with a longitudinal steel bar (15), the longitudinal steel bar (15) is set perpendicular to the length direction of the support plate (10), and transverse steel bars (16) are inserted between the longitudinal steel bars (15). The longitudinal steel bars (15) and the transverse steel bars (16) are both attached to the tunnel sidewall. The support plate (10) has a row of rectangular holes (17), and each rectangular hole (17) has a pull plate (14). One end of the pull plate (14) is hook-shaped and is placed on the back of the support plate (10). The hook part of the pull plate (14) hooks the longitudinal steel bar (15). The other end of the pull plate (14) has a threaded rod (18). The threaded rod (18) passes through the rectangular hole (17) and extends to the surface of the support plate (10). A fastening nut (19) is threaded on the threaded rod (18).

2. The active reinforcement device for fractured zone surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of each grouting pipe (9) is cone-shaped, and multiple discharge holes (20) are opened on the surface of the cone part of the grouting pipe (9), and the discharge holes (20) are connected to the inside of the grouting pipe (9).

3. The active reinforcement device for fractured zone surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of each of the longitudinal reinforcing bars (15) is inserted obliquely into the inner wall of the tunnel.

4. The active reinforcement device for fractured zone surrounding rock according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the grouting pipes (9) has a spiral groove (21) on its outer ring.

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