Real-time monitoring system for ultra-shallow excavation tunnel construction process

Abstract

The invention discloses a real-time monitoring system for an ultra-shallow excavation tunnel construction process. The real-time monitoring system mainly comprises a data acquisition module, a settlement monitoring module, a building monitoring module, a data fusion and calibration module, a multi-scale analysis module, a self-adaptive early warning threshold adjustment module, a data processing module, an early warning output module and a cloud storage and sharing module. By setting a settlement monitoring point and a building monitoring module, real-time monitoring of ground settlement and ground surface building influence in the tunnel construction process is realized, and the construction safety is improved. By processing and analyzing the collected data, the conditions of land subsidence and building stress displacement can be accurately judged, and a reliable basis is provided for early warning. And the early warning output module outputs the early warning information to the display terminal, so that the constructors can take corresponding countermeasures conveniently, and the construction risk is reduced. The system has the characteristics of intelligence, flexibility, expandability, energy conservation, environmental protection, reliability, simplicity and convenience in operation, remarkable economic benefits and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a real-time monitoring system for the construction process of an ultra-shallow dark-digging tunnel for detecting ground subsidence and the influence of surface buildings. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, the demand for the development of underground space is increasing. As a common underground engineering construction method, ultra-shallow tunneling is widely used in the construction of subways, underground passages, etc. However, the construction of ultra-shallow tunneling will inevitably cause disturbance of the rock and soil, resulting in changes in the internal stress state of the rock and soil, and then deformation of the rock and soil. Due to the complex geological conditions and cumbersome construction process, it will inevitably have a certain impact on the ground and surface buildings, especially the ground subsidence problem, which not only affects the construction safety, but also may cause damage to surface buildings and cause safety impacts on underground facilities under construction. Especially for urban rail transit underground tunneling stations, the excavation section area is large, there are many surrounding buildings and pipelines, and the construction environment is very complex. Therefore, by analyzing the impact of underground tunneling station construction on surface buildings, proposing corresponding construction control standards is a key issue in the design and construction control of underground rail transit stations. In this process, how to monitor the ground subsidence and the impact of surface buildings in real time during the construction of tunneling tunnels, timely warn and take corresponding measures, has become an urgent problem to be solved in the current tunnel construction field. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a real-time monitoring system for the construction process of an ultra-shallow dark-excavated tunnel, aiming to achieve real-time monitoring and early warning of the impact of ground subsidence and surface buildings during tunnel construction, thereby improving construction safety.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a real-time monitoring system for the construction process of an ultra-shallow dark excavation tunnel includes a data acquisition module, a settlement monitoring module, a building monitoring module, a data fusion and calibration module, a multi-scale analysis module, an adaptive early warning threshold adjustment module, a data processing module, an early warning output module, and a cloud storage and sharing module.

[0005] The data acquisition module is the main pre-collection unit, which is used to collect geological survey data, construction monitoring data and basic data of surface buildings before the construction of ultra-shallow tunnels. Its collection methods include but are not limited to technical personnel import, cloud sharing loading, data modification, etc.

[0006] The settlement monitoring module is the main process collection unit, and the main collection object is ground settlement data, including multiple settlement monitoring points arranged above the tunnel, each settlement monitoring point is provided with a displacement sensor for real-time monitoring of ground settlement, the settlement monitoring module includes a laser rangefinder, which is characterized in that multiple laser rangefinders are arranged along the length direction of the road to be monitored and are all rotatably connected to the road guardrail, and are arranged in a geologically poor area, for sending ranging signals; the settlement monitoring module includes an adjustment component, which is characterized in that it is installed on the road guardrail and is used to adjust the synchronous intermittent rotation of the laser rangefinder; the settlement monitoring module includes a controller, which is characterized in that it is respectively connected to the laser rangefinder and the adjustment component, for receiving and responding to the ranging signal, so as to send a settlement data display signal, and for controlling the start and stop of the adjustment component; the settlement monitoring module includes a display screen, connected to the controller, used to receive and respond to the settlement data display signal to display the settlement data; the settlement monitoring module includes a photoelectric sensor, which is fixedly connected to the road guardrail and distributed on both sides of the laser rangefinder, used to detect whether there is a vehicle about to pass the laser rangefinder, and send a waiting signal when a vehicle is detected; the settlement monitoring module includes a marker light, which is rotatably connected to the road guardrail and arranged close to the laser rangefinder, and the number is equal to that of the laser rangefinder, and is used to illuminate and monitor the ground at night; the settlement monitoring module includes a solar panel, which is installed on the road guardrail, and is used to power the marker light. The settlement monitoring module includes a driving component, which is installed on the road guardrail, and the number is equal to that of the marker light, and is used to receive and respond to the enhanced signal, and drive the marker light to rotate so that the marker light illuminates the settlement of the road surface.

[0007] The building monitoring module is the main process collection unit, and the main collection object is the stress change and displacement data of the surface buildings. The stress sensors and displacement sensors set on the surface buildings are used to monitor the stress change and displacement of the buildings in real time;

[0008] The data fusion and calibration module is the main mid-term data processing unit, which fuses the data (such as geological survey data, construction monitoring data, settlement monitoring data and building monitoring data) collected from different data sources and the data acquisition module, the settlement detection module and the building detection module, and calibrates the accuracy and consistency of the data through algorithms to ensure the reliability of subsequent analysis;

[0009] The multi-scale analysis module is the main medium-term data analysis unit. Considering that the impact of tunnel construction on ground subsidence and surface buildings may show different characteristics at different spatial scales, the monitoring data is processed in layers to more comprehensively reveal the potential risks in the construction process.

[0010] The adaptive warning threshold adjustment module is the main medium-term data standard value setting unit. The warning threshold may need to be adjusted accordingly for different geological conditions, construction stages and building types. This module can dynamically adjust the warning threshold based on real-time monitoring data and historical experience data to improve the pertinence and accuracy of the warning.

[0011] The data processing module is the main post-data processing unit, which can analyze and judge according to the preset warning value, determine whether there are hidden dangers to the surface and surface buildings under the current construction state, and generate warning information;

[0012] The warning output module is the main post-information feedback unit, which is used to output the warning information generated by the data processing module to the display terminal to remind the construction personnel to take corresponding countermeasures.

[0013] The cloud storage and sharing module is the main post-data and information storage unit. To ensure the security and accessibility of the data, the monitoring data is stored in the cloud server, and a permission management mechanism is set up to ensure that only authorized personnel can access the relevant data. At the same time, it facilitates data sharing and collaboration, and helps information exchange and collaborative work among multiple departments and units.

[0014] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0015] 1. By setting up settlement monitoring points and building monitoring modules, real-time monitoring of ground settlement and the impact of surface buildings during tunnel construction is achieved, thus improving construction safety;

[0016] 2. By processing and analyzing the collected data, the ground subsidence and building stress displacement can be accurately determined, providing a reliable basis for early warning;

[0017] 3. The early warning output module can output early warning information to the display terminal in time, so that construction personnel can take corresponding countermeasures and reduce construction risks.

[0018] 4. It has a high degree of intelligence. It uses advanced sensor technology and data processing algorithms to realize automatic monitoring and early warning of the tunnel construction process. Through intelligent analysis and judgment, it can timely discover potential safety hazards and improve construction efficiency and quality.

[0019] 5. Good flexibility. The settlement monitoring points and building monitoring modules can be flexibly arranged according to actual needs. It is suitable for different types of tunnel construction scenes. At the same time, the early warning output module can also be connected to a variety of display terminals, making it convenient for construction personnel to view early warning information at any time.

[0020] 6. Strong scalability, modular design structure, easy to expand and upgrade. With the continuous development of technology, new monitoring modules and functions can be easily added to meet the needs of future tunnel construction.

[0021] 7. Energy saving and environmental protection. During the design and implementation process, the needs of energy saving and environmental protection were fully considered. By using efficient sensors and low-power data processing equipment, energy consumption was reduced. The early warning system can detect problems in time and avoid waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by improper construction, which is in line with the concept of sustainable development.

[0022] 8. High reliability. The settlement monitoring points and building monitoring modules use high-quality sensors and stable data transmission technology to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data. The early warning output module also uses reliable communication protocols and stable hardware equipment to ensure that the early warning information can be accurately and timely conveyed to the construction personnel.

[0023] 9. Easy to operate, the operation interface is concise and clear, easy to understand and operate. Construction personnel only need simple training to master the usage, which reduces the difficulty of operation. The early warning information is displayed in an intuitive form, which is convenient for construction personnel to make quick judgments and response measures.

[0024] 10. Significant economic benefits. Although research and development and deployment require certain cost investments, considering that it can significantly improve the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction and reduce the occurrence of accidents and losses, the economic benefits are significant in the long run. At the same time, the reusable and modular design also reduces the cost of subsequent maintenance and upgrades. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is the overall working flow chart of the real-time monitoring system of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the settlement monitoring module of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 The peck curve diagram for calculating the settlement during the monitoring process of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is an evaluation flow chart of the three-stage evaluation method for surface building damage during the monitoring process of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a specific evaluation step for surface building damage during the monitoring process of the present invention.

[0030] (Note: Only a schematic description of the illustration is provided here. The actual illustration should be drawn according to the specific technical content to show in detail the relationship and working principle of each module.) DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In practical application, the implementation process of the present invention is as follows:

[0032] Reference Figure 1 to Figure 5 : First, the geological data along the tunnel is obtained through the geological survey module, a reasonable excavation support plan is designed based on the geological data, and settlement monitoring points are set above the tunnel. At the same time, stress sensors and displacement sensors are installed on the surface buildings to monitor the stress changes and displacement of the buildings in real time.

[0033] In the early stage of dark tunnel construction, the data acquisition module collects geological survey data, construction monitoring data, and basic data of ground and surface buildings. Through analysis, technical personnel set the safety warning standard value in the adaptive warning threshold adjustment module.

[0034] During the tunnel construction process, the settlement detection module and the building detection module collect geological survey data, construction monitoring data and basic data of surface buildings in real time, and transmit the data to the data processing module. The data processing module analyzes and judges the received data according to the preset warning value and generates warning information. If the ground settlement or building stress displacement exceeds the warning value, the warning output module will output the warning information to the display terminal to remind the construction personnel to take corresponding countermeasures.

[0035] Secondly, the construction workers responded quickly to the early warning information and activated the emergency plan. If the ground settlement exceeds the preset warning line, the construction workers will immediately stop the excavation work and reinforce the excavated part to slow down the settlement. At the same time, the settlement monitoring points are arranged more densely and the monitoring frequency is increased to grasp the settlement situation more accurately.

[0036] In the event that the stress displacement of a building exceeds the warning value, the construction workers will first temporarily support and reinforce the building to prevent further damage. Then, through comprehensive analysis of geological survey data, construction monitoring data and basic building data, the cause of excessive stress displacement will be found, and the construction plan will be adjusted to optimize the excavation support structure to reduce the impact on the building.

[0037] In order to further improve the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction, the present invention also introduces an intelligent analysis module. Based on big data and machine learning technology, this module conducts in-depth mining and analysis of geological survey data, construction monitoring data and basic data of buildings, and extracts information that is instructive for tunnel construction. Through the intelligent analysis module, construction personnel can more accurately predict the trend of geological changes and the development of building stress displacement, so as to formulate a more scientific and reasonable construction plan.

[0038] In addition, the system is highly visual and interactive. By combining geographic information system (GIS) technology, the system can combine real-time monitoring data with geographic information to achieve spatial analysis and visualization. This enables construction personnel to intuitively understand the impact of ground subsidence and surface buildings during tunnel construction, so as to formulate countermeasures more accurately and improve the efficiency and accuracy of construction management.

[0039] Finally, the data storage and query function stores the collected and processed data in the database, which is convenient for construction personnel to conduct subsequent queries and analyses. By querying historical data, construction personnel can understand various situations during the tunnel construction process, summarize experiences and lessons, and provide reference for similar projects in the future.

[0040] The specific standards for controlling surface subsidence are as follows:

[0041] When urban underground projects are excavated, the surface settlement caused will have a great impact on ground buildings, especially excessive surface settlement or uneven settlement will cause the surface buildings to tilt. The "Code for Design of Building Foundations" (GB50007-2011) has made relevant provisions on the allowable value of foundation deformation of buildings. Therefore, the allowable value of corresponding surface settlement can be checked according to the allowable value of the inclination of surface buildings. In underground projects, a large number of researchers have studied the problem of surface settlement caused by engineering excavation, and the most convenient method is to use the Peck curve to calculate the surface settlement caused by underground engineering excavation. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0042]

[0043] Where: S(x) represents the surface settlement at a distance x from the station axis, and i represents the distance from the inflection point of the surface settlement curve to the station axis.

[0044] In formula (1.1), the inflection width i in the surface settlement curve can be calculated by the empirical formula:

[0045]

[0046] Where: H is the station cover thickness, R is the calculation radius.

[0047] That is, the maximum allowable surface settlement is:

[0048]

[0049] Where: [f] represents the allowable inclination value of the surface building.

[0050] The assessment criteria for surface building damage are as follows:

[0051] Generally, the ultimate tensile strain of the building structure can be used to measure the crack damage, which is also the basis for the evaluation of building structure damage classification. The following is the correlation between the building structure damage classification and the ultimate tensile strain:

[0052]

[0053] According to the influence of station construction on ground settlement and deformation, surface buildings, and the interaction between surface buildings and foundation soil, a three-stage evaluation analysis method can be used to evaluate the influence of station construction on building damage. The evaluation process of the three-stage evaluation method is as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0054] The first stage of evaluation: the Greenfeld surface settlement method is used, that is, the existence of surface buildings above the station is not considered first, and the Peck surface settlement empirical formula method or numerical calculation method can be used to calculate the surface settlement deformation.

[0055] The second stage evaluation: The evaluation method of this stage can be called the isolation method, that is, the surface building and its foundation are regarded as different parts, the building structure is assumed to be an elastic beam structure, and the building foundation is assumed to be flexible, which fully conforms to the foundation settlement deformation curve. The specific evaluation steps are as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0056] Evaluation in the third stage: The analysis in this stage can be called the overall analysis method, which mainly uses numerical calculation analysis methods to consider the interaction between the foundation and the upper building structure.

[0057] In summary, the present invention provides a real-time monitoring system for the construction process of an ultra-shallow dark excavation tunnel, which has the advantages of real-time monitoring, accurate early warning, and convenient construction, and is helpful to improve the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction. The implementation process of the present invention not only focuses on the real-time and accuracy of geological surveys and construction monitoring, but also improves the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction by introducing intelligent analysis modules and data storage and query functions.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring system for the construction process of ultra-shallow tunnels. Features: It includes data acquisition module, settlement monitoring module, building monitoring module, data fusion and calibration module, multi-scale analysis module, adaptive warning threshold adjustment module, data processing module, warning output module, and cloud storage and sharing module; The data acquisition module is the main pre-collection unit, which is used to collect geological survey data, construction monitoring data and basic data of surface buildings before the construction of ultra-shallow tunnel; The settlement monitoring module is the main process collection unit, and its main collection object is ground settlement data, including multiple settlement monitoring points arranged above the tunnel. Each settlement monitoring point is provided with a displacement sensor for real-time monitoring of ground settlement.

2. According to the real-time monitoring system for the construction process of an ultra-shallow dark-excavation tunnel as described in claim 1, Features: The settlement monitoring module includes a laser rangefinder, which is arranged in multiple lengths along the road to be monitored and is rotatably connected to the road guardrail and arranged in a geologically poor area to send a ranging signal; The settlement monitoring module includes an adjustment component, It is characterized by being installed on a road guardrail and used to adjust the synchronous intermittent rotation of the laser rangefinder; The settlement monitoring module includes a controller, which is characterized by being connected to the laser rangefinder and the adjustment component respectively, and is used to receive and respond to the distance measurement signal to send a settlement data display signal, and is used to control the start and stop of the adjustment component; The settlement monitoring module includes a display screen connected to the controller and configured to receive and respond to the settlement data display signal to display the settlement data; The settlement monitoring module includes a photoelectric sensor, which is fixedly connected to the road guardrail and distributed on both sides of the laser rangefinder, and is used to detect whether a vehicle is about to pass through the laser rangefinder, and send a waiting signal when a vehicle is detected; The settlement monitoring module includes a marker light, which is rotatably connected to the road guardrail and is arranged close to the laser rangefinder, and the number is equal to the laser rangefinder, and is used to illuminate and monitor the ground at night; the settlement monitoring module includes a solar panel, which is installed on the road guardrail and is used to power the marker light. The settlement monitoring module includes a driving assembly installed on the road guardrail, the number of which is equal to the number of the marker lights, and is used to receive and respond to the enhanced signal to drive the marker lights to rotate so that the marker lights illuminate the road surface settlement.

3. According to the real-time monitoring system for the construction process of an ultra-shallow dark excavation tunnel as described in claim 1, Features: The building monitoring module is the main process collection unit, and its main collection object is the stress change and displacement data of the surface buildings. The stress sensors and displacement sensors installed on the surface buildings are used to monitor the stress change and displacement of the buildings in real time.

4. According to the real-time monitoring system for the construction process of an ultra-shallow dark excavation tunnel as claimed in claim 1, Features: The data fusion and calibration module is the main mid-term data processing unit, which fuses the data information collected from different data sources and the data acquisition module, the settlement detection module, and the building detection module, and calibrates the accuracy and consistency of the data through algorithms to ensure the reliability of subsequent analysis.

5. According to the real-time monitoring system for the construction process of an ultra-shallow dark excavation tunnel as described in claim 1, Features: The multi-scale analysis module is the main medium-term data analysis unit. Considering that the impact of tunnel construction on ground subsidence and surface buildings may show different characteristics at different spatial scales, the monitoring data is processed in layers to more comprehensively reveal the potential risks in the construction process.

6. According to the real-time monitoring system for the construction process of an ultra-shallow dark-excavation tunnel as claimed in claim 1, Features: The adaptive warning threshold adjustment module is the main medium-term data standard value setting unit. The warning threshold may need to be adjusted accordingly for different geological conditions, construction stages and building types. This module can dynamically adjust the warning threshold based on real-time monitoring data and historical experience data to improve the pertinence and accuracy of the warning.

7. According to the real-time monitoring system for the construction process of an ultra-shallow dark-excavation tunnel as claimed in claim 1, Features: The data processing module is the main post-data processing unit, which can analyze and judge according to the preset warning value, determine whether there are hidden dangers to the surface and surface buildings under the current construction state, and generate warning information.

8. According to the real-time monitoring system for the construction process of an ultra-shallow dark-excavation tunnel as claimed in claim 7, Features: The warning output module is the main post-information feedback unit, which is used to output the warning information generated by the data processing module to the display terminal to remind the construction personnel to take corresponding countermeasures.

9. According to the real-time monitoring system for the construction process of an ultra-shallow dark-excavation tunnel as claimed in claim 1, Features: The cloud storage and sharing module is the main post-data and information storage unit. To ensure the security and accessibility of the data, the monitoring data is stored in the cloud server, and a permission management mechanism is set up to ensure that only authorized personnel can access the relevant data. At the same time, it facilitates data sharing and collaboration, and helps information exchange and collaborative work among multiple departments and units.

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