A multi-point synchronous measurement system and method for whole-machine lightning induction signal

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of lightning testing technology, and discloses a multi-point synchronous measurement system and method for lightning induction signals of the entire aircraft, wherein the measurement method comprises the following steps: S100, according to the aircraft model to be measured, the test site conditions and the expected measurement accuracy, determine the signal type to be measured and its frequency range; S200, according to the aircraft model to be measured, the test site conditions and the expected measurement accuracy, determine the signal type to be measured and its frequency range. The present invention converts electrical signals into optical signals and transmits them to the measurement and control room by using an analog photoelectric transmission system with adjustable gain, effectively preventing interference and distortion of the measurement signals during transmission, and at the same time, allows multiple signals to be simultaneously transmitted to the measurement and control room for centralized analysis, thereby solving the technical problems of difficulty in simultaneously measuring more than 10 signals, long construction period and difficulty in data analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of lightning testing, and more specifically, to a multi-point synchronous measurement system and a measurement method for whole-machine lightning induction signals. Background Art

[0002] Aircraft lightning protection design is one of the important guarantees for flight safety, and aircraft lightning protection testing is a necessary test for airworthiness certification.

[0003] As the whole aircraft lightning test site is large, there are many measuring points, and the signal is transmitted to the measurement and control room through a long optical fiber, which causes large interference and prone to signal distortion, the current whole aircraft lightning test induction measurement uses a traditional oscilloscope point-to-point on-site measurement method.

[0004] This method has the problems of many front-end measurement devices, complicated layout, susceptibility to interference, difficulty in measuring more than 10 signals simultaneously, long construction period, and difficulty in data analysis. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a whole-machine lightning induction signal multi-point synchronous measurement system and a measurement method, which solve the technical problems in the related art that it is difficult to break through the simultaneous measurement of more than 10 signals, the construction period is long, and the data analysis is difficult.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for synchronously measuring multi-point lightning induction signals of a whole machine, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S100: Determine the signal type and frequency range to be measured based on the aircraft model to be measured, test site conditions, and expected measurement accuracy;

[0008] S200: Determine the number of nodes, distribution locations, and measurement tasks of each node of the distributed measurement system;

[0009] S300: Generate an optimal node distribution strategy based on the requirements and node configuration determined in step S100 and step S200, fully cover all key measurement points, and reduce interference between nodes;

[0010] The steps of the optimal node distribution strategy are as follows:

[0011] S310, identifying key parts of the aircraft according to the aircraft model and test requirements in step S100;

[0012] S320, determining the total number and type of nodes according to the number of key parts and the type of required measurement signals in step S200;

[0013] S330, using an optimization algorithm to determine an optimal placement position of the node;

[0014] S340, calculate the distance between nodes, where the nodes and nodes The Euclidean distance between ;

[0015] S350, optimizes the communication link;

[0016] S360, designing redundant nodes for key parts of the aircraft;

[0017] S370, design fault detection and self-healing mechanisms to reconfigure in case of failure;

[0018] S380, finally outputting the results, which include a node configuration table, a network topology diagram, a redundant node list, and a system stability report;

[0019] S400: installing and configuring measurement equipment according to the optimal node distribution strategy outputted in step S300 to cover all important sensing signal sources;

[0020] S500: Uses an analog optoelectronic transmission system with adjustable gain to transmit data to the measurement and control room;

[0021] S600: Utilize 16 dual-channel oscilloscopes in the measurement and control room to collect data and develop host computer software to control data acquisition equipment, analyze measurement data, and automatically generate record tables.

[0022] Furthermore, the optimization algorithm of step S330 adopts a particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0023] Initialize the population: Generate the initial population , each individual is a vector, Indicates the location coordinates of the node;

[0024] Expressed as =[ , ,…, ],in is the number of nodes, It is Among individuals The position coordinates of the nodes;

[0025] Fitness function: Fitness function Used to evaluate the quality of each individual, the expression is as follows;

[0026]

[0027] in, is the weight factor, It is an evaluation indicator about the node location;

[0028] Update speed:

[0029] ;

[0030] in, Indicates Particles in The velocity vector at the moment;

[0031] Update location: ;

[0032] in, Indicates Particles in Position vector at the moment;

[0033] Update personal best and global best:

[0034] if , then update the personal optimal ;

[0035] if , then update the global optimal ;

[0036] Termination condition: stop when the preset maximum number of iterations is reached or the fitness no longer improves;

[0037] in, represents a particle group, Indicates The velocity vector of a particle, Indicates The position vector of a particle, Indicates The individual optimal position of a particle, represents the optimal position of the group, represents the inertia weight, and represents the learning factor, and Represents a random number between 0 and 1.

[0038] Furthermore, the distance between nodes in step S340 adopts the Euclidean distance. , the expression is as follows:

[0039]

[0040] in, Indicates Node to The Euclidean distance of the nodes.

[0041] Furthermore, the number of redundant nodes in step S360 By key parts The redundancy factor and the number of nodes required OK, the expression is as follows:

[0042]

[0043] in, Indicates key parts The number of redundant nodes.

[0044] Furthermore, the output result in step S380, wherein the node configuration table includes the location, type, and communication address information of each node; the network topology map is used to display the connection mode and the status of the communication link between all nodes; the redundant node list is used to list all redundant nodes set up to improve system reliability; and the system stability report is used to evaluate the stability of the system under different fault scenarios.

[0045] Furthermore, the specific steps of step S400 are as follows:

[0046] S410: Select a probe: select a corresponding probe according to the signal type and frequency range determined in step S100;

[0047] S420: Deploy probes: deploy corresponding probes at corresponding measurement points according to the node configuration table and the network topology diagram;

[0048] S430: Probe calibration: Calibrate each probe to ensure that the measurement accuracy meets the requirements;

[0049] S440: Connection and identification of probes: Connect the probes to the nodes of the distributed measurement system and identify them for data processing.

[0050] Furthermore, the specific steps of step S500 are as follows:

[0051] S510: Selecting a transmission medium: Selecting optical fiber as a transmission medium;

[0052] S520: Determine transmission parameters: determine the transmission rate, frequency range and gain setting parameters of the signal;

[0053] S530: Signal conversion and amplification: Convert analog signals collected from each node into optical signals, and use adjustable gain amplifiers to adjust signal strength for different transmission distances and signal-to-noise ratio requirements;

[0054] S540: Signal transmission: The signal is transmitted to the measurement and control room via optical fiber.

[0055] Furthermore, in step S540, the transmission to the measurement and control room is carried out using a 32-channel optical fiber transmission system. The 32-channel optical fiber transmission system consists of an optoelectronic transmission module, an optical receiver, a chassis and a single-mode optical fiber. The optical receiver is 8 channels integrated in the chassis. The optoelectronic transmission module is a discrete module. Four sets of 8-channel optical transmission systems are combined to form a 32-channel optoelectronic transmission module. The optoelectronic transmission module integrates a programmable attenuator and an amplifier. The 32-channel optical fiber transmission system is internally provided with a multi-stage compensation circuit to compensate for the link loss gain, and the optical receiver end is used to remotely monitor the status of the optoelectronic transmission module.

[0056] A system for multi-point synchronous measurement of lightning induction signals of a whole machine, used for executing one or more steps in the aforementioned method for multi-point synchronous measurement of lightning induction signals of a whole machine, comprising:

[0057] Requirements analysis module: defines measurement requirements, including signal type and frequency range;

[0058] Configuration planning module: planning the number of nodes, distribution locations and measurement tasks;

[0059] Optimization strategy module: generates the optimal node distribution strategy;

[0060] Equipment installation and configuration module: implement node distribution strategy, install and configure measurement equipment;

[0061] Data transmission module: transmits data through analog optoelectronic transmission system;

[0062] Data acquisition and processing module: Use an oscilloscope to collect data and analyze and process it through the host computer software.

[0063] A storage medium stores non-temporary computer-readable instructions for executing one or more steps in the aforementioned method for multi-point synchronous measurement of lightning induction signals of the entire machine.

[0064] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0065] The present invention converts electrical signals into optical signals and transmits them to the measurement and control room by using an analog photoelectric transmission system with adjustable gain, thereby effectively preventing interference and distortion of the measurement signals during transmission. At the same time, multiple signals can be simultaneously transmitted to the measurement and control room for centralized analysis, thus solving the problems of many front-end measurement devices, complicated layout, susceptibility to interference, difficulty in breaking through the limitation of being unable to measure more than 10 signals simultaneously, long construction period, and difficulty in data analysis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0066] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a multi-point synchronous measurement method of whole-machine lightning induction signal proposed by the present invention;

[0067] Figure 2 It is a structural block diagram of a multi-point synchronous measurement system for lightning induction signals of the whole machine proposed by the present invention;

[0068] Figure 3 It is the node configuration table output by the node distribution strategy in the present invention.

[0069] In the figure: 101, demand analysis module; 102, configuration planning module; 103, optimization strategy module; 104, equipment installation configuration module; 105, data transmission module; 106, data acquisition and processing module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to example embodiments. It should be understood that the discussion of these embodiments is only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the subject matter described herein, and the functions and arrangements of the elements discussed may be changed without departing from the scope of protection of the contents of this specification. Various processes or components may be omitted, substituted, or added to each example as needed. In addition, the features described in some examples may also be combined in other examples.

[0071] At least one embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for synchronously measuring multi-point lightning induction signals of a whole machine, such as Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0072] Step S100: Determine the signal type and frequency range to be measured based on the aircraft model to be measured, the test site conditions, and the expected measurement accuracy;

[0073] Signal types include, but are not limited to, current, voltage, and magnetic field;

[0074] Specifically, the signal type and its frequency range are determined by the following steps:

[0075] Aircraft model analysis: Analyze the structural characteristics of the aircraft to be tested, determine the key parts that may be affected, and determine the key measurement points by statistically analyzing the importance of each component of the aircraft:

[0076]

[0077] in, It is The importance weight of each component, It is The characteristic value of each component, Indicates the total number of parts, Indicates the aircraft model. Indicates aircraft structural features;

[0078] It should be added that the various components of the test aircraft include, but are not limited to, the flight control system, propulsion system, electrical system, hydraulic system, landing gear system, structural system, environmental control system, fuel system, mechanical components and safety system;

[0079] Specifically, the flight control system includes control surfaces (ailerons, elevators, rudders), flight computers and sensors, and autopilot systems;

[0080] The propulsion system includes but is not limited to the engine, propeller (propeller, jet engine, etc.) and fuel system;

[0081] Electrical systems include, but are not limited to, power sources (generators, batteries), wiring and cables, and electronics (navigation, communications);

[0082] The hydraulic system includes but is not limited to hydraulic pumps, hydraulic pipes and hydraulic actuators;

[0083] The landing gear system includes but is not limited to the landing gear structure, tire and brake system and retraction and extension mechanism;

[0084] The structural system includes but is not limited to the fuselage (skin, stringers, keel beams, etc.), wings (main wings, flaps, slats) and tail (horizontal tail, vertical tail);

[0085] Environmental control systems include, but are not limited to, cabin pressurization, air conditioning, and heating systems;

[0086] The fuel system includes but is not limited to the fuel tank, fuel pump and fuel delivery pipeline;

[0087] Mechanical parts include but are not limited to bolts, screws, rivets and other connectors and bearings, gears and other transmission parts;

[0088] Safety systems include, but are not limited to, fire extinguishing systems, life-saving equipment (parachutes, life jackets, etc.) and emergency locator transmitters.

[0089] Test site condition assessment: Consider the environmental factors of the test site, such as electromagnetic compatibility, space limitations, etc., and evaluate the test conditions by quantifying the impact of environmental factors:

[0090]

[0091] in, It is The quantitative value of an environmental factor, Represents environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, and electromagnetic field strength, etc.

[0092] Determination of measurement accuracy: Determine the required measurement accuracy based on the test purpose and the signal type and frequency range:

[0093]

[0094] in, is the voltage variation range, and are the maximum and minimum values ​​of the frequency range respectively, through Indicates the measurement accuracy requirement.

[0095] Signal type and frequency range selection: Determine the signal type and frequency range to be measured based on the aircraft model and test site conditions.

[0096] Among them, the signal type includes but is not limited to current ( ),Voltage( ) and magnetic field ( ), the frequency range is given by (minimum frequency) and (maximum frequency) composition.

[0097] It is necessary to add that For the aircraft model, is the structural feature of the aircraft, For environmental factors, To meet the measurement accuracy requirements, , , Respectively represent the current, voltage, and magnetic field signal types, , Respectively represent the minimum and maximum values ​​of the frequency range, is the importance weight of each aircraft component, are the characteristic values ​​of each aircraft component, Quantify the environmental factors. Indicates the voltage variation range.

[0098] Through the above steps, the measurement needs and goals are clarified.

[0099] Step S200: Determine the number of nodes, distribution locations and measurement tasks of each node of the distributed measurement system;

[0100] It should be added that each node should be able to work independently and in coordination with other nodes;

[0101] Specifically, the distributed measurement system is determined by the following steps:

[0102] Determine the number of nodes: Determine the number of nodes according to the signal type, frequency range and number of measurement points determined in step S100, by Indicates the total number of nodes.

[0103] Determine the node distribution location: Determine the location of each node based on the key parts of the aircraft model and the layout of the test site.

[0104] Define the measurement task of each node: Define the task of each node according to the type of signal that needs to be measured.

[0105] Design of inter-node communication and collaboration mechanism: Design inter-node communication protocols to ensure that each node can work independently and collaborate with other nodes. Indicates the communication protocol.

[0106] In one embodiment of the present invention, the number of nodes of the distributed measurement system, the distribution position, and the parameters of the measurement task of each node are expressed as follows:

[0107] Assume that the total number of critical parts of the aircraft is , the number of nodes required for each part is , then the total number of nodes It can be expressed as:

[0108]

[0109] The position of each node can be expressed as a three-dimensional coordinate ,in Respectively represent the nodes in , , The coordinate value in the direction, Indicates The position coordinates of the nodes.

[0110] If The nodes are responsible for measuring the current ( ),Voltage( ) or magnetic field ( ), you can define its task as follows:

[0111]

[0112] in, Indicates The tasks of each node;

[0113] Representation Node Measuring current;

[0114] Representation Node Measure voltage;

[0115] Representation Node Measuring magnetic fields;

[0116] Communication protocol design: communication protocol To ensure effective data transmission, you can consider using a standard protocol (such as IEEE 802.11) or a custom protocol to ensure real-time and synchronous data transmission.

[0117] It is necessary to add that is the total number of nodes, For the The position coordinates of the nodes, For the The tasks of each node, For the communication protocol, is the total number of key parts, For the The number of nodes required for each part, For the Nodes in , , Coordinate value in direction.

[0118] These steps ensure that the distributed measurement system is effectively configured to achieve accurate measurements of the aircraft.

[0119] Step S300: Generate an optimal node distribution strategy based on the requirements and node configurations determined in step S100 and step S200 to ensure that all key measurement points are fully covered and reduce mutual interference between nodes;

[0120] In one embodiment of the present invention, the specific steps of the optimal node distribution strategy are as follows:

[0121] 1. According to the aircraft model and test requirements in step S100, identify the key parts of the aircraft;

[0122] Set up key parts collection For all key parts Collection , Represents a collection of key parts.

[0123] 2. According to the number of key parts in step S200 and the type of measurement signal required, determine the total number and type of nodes, the total number of nodes It is determined by the sum of the number of nodes required for each key part.

[0124]

[0125] in, Represents a collection of node types, Indicates the total number of nodes, Indicates key parts The desired number of nodes.

[0126] 3. Use optimization algorithms to determine the best placement of nodes to achieve the best coverage.

[0127] Initialize the population: Generate the initial population , each individual is a vector, Indicates the position coordinates of the node.

[0128] Parameters represent: =[ , ,…, ],in is the number of nodes, It is Among individuals The position coordinates of the nodes.

[0129] Fitness function: Define a fitness function To evaluate the quality of each individual, the function can be to minimize the distance between nodes, maximize the coverage of key areas, etc.

[0130]

[0131] in, is the weight factor, It is an evaluation indicator about the node location.

[0132] Optimization algorithm selection: Select particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO).

[0133] Update particle positions and velocities:

[0134] Update speed:

[0135] ;

[0136] in, Indicates Particles in The velocity vector at time.

[0137] Update location:

[0138] in, Indicates Particles in The position vector at the moment.

[0139] Update personal best and global best:

[0140] if , then update the personal optimal .

[0141] if , then update the global optimal .

[0142] Termination condition: Stop when the preset maximum number of iterations is reached or the fitness no longer improves significantly.

[0143] in, represents a particle group, Indicates The velocity vector of a particle, Indicates The position vector of a particle, Indicates The individual optimal position of a particle, represents the optimal position of the group, represents the inertia weight, and represents the learning factor, and Represents a random number between 0 and 1.

[0144] 4. Calculate the distance between nodes to ensure that there is no excessive interference between nodes. and nodes The Euclidean distance between .

[0145]

[0146] in, Indicates Node to The distance between nodes.

[0147] 5. Optimize the communication links to ensure reliable communication links between all nodes and avoid signal interference.

[0148] Among them, the evaluation node To Node Communication link status ,in Indicates Node to The communication link status of each node.

[0149] 6. Design redundant nodes for key parts to improve system reliability and stability. The number of redundant nodes By key parts The redundancy factor and the number of nodes required Sure.

[0150]

[0151] in, Indicates key parts The number of redundant nodes, represents the redundancy coefficient of the key part k, Represents the required number of nodes for key part k.

[0152] 7. Design fault detection and self-repair mechanisms to ensure that the system can automatically recover or reconfigure when a failure occurs.

[0153] Defining Fault Detection Methods and self-healing strategies A collection of;

[0154] in, , represents a collection of fault detection methods, represents the i-th fault detection method.

[0155] in, , represents a collection of self-healing strategies, represents the jth self-repair strategy.

[0156] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fault detection method includes the following:

[0157] 1. Hardware status monitoring:

[0158] Temperature Monitoring: Monitor the temperature of sensors and related electronics to prevent damage due to overheating.

[0159] Power monitoring: Check whether the power supply is stable to ensure the normal operation of the equipment.

[0160] Connectivity Check: Regularly check the connectivity of data cables and wireless communication links.

[0161] 2. Software diagnosis:

[0162] Self-test program: Execute the self-test program at startup to check whether the hardware devices are functioning normally.

[0163] Periodic verification: Periodically verify the collected data to ensure data consistency and accuracy.

[0164] Anomaly detection algorithms: Apply statistical or machine learning methods to identify unusual data patterns that indicate possible failures.

[0165] 3. Remote monitoring:

[0166] Real-time status update: The device status is sent to the monitoring center in real time via the network.

[0167] Threshold alarm: When the monitored key indicators exceed the preset threshold, an alarm is triggered.

[0168] In one embodiment of the present invention, the self-repair strategies include the following:

[0169] 1. Redundant backup:

[0170] Hardware redundancy: Provide additional sensors and data acquisition units as backup, automatically switching in case of failure of the primary device.

[0171] Software redundancy: Implement a failover mechanism at the software level and start a backup process when a problem occurs in the main process.

[0172] 2. Automatic recovery:

[0173] Restart mechanism: When a software error is detected, the affected service or application is automatically restarted.

[0174] Data retransmission: Automatically request to retransmit the data packet when data transmission is found to be interrupted or lost.

[0175] 3. Intelligent diagnosis and repair:

[0176] Fault isolation: Use algorithms to identify the source of a fault and isolate it before it affects other components.

[0177] Remote repair: Repair software online or update firmware through remote access technology.

[0178] 4. User interaction feedback:

[0179] Operation Guide: Provide detailed operation manual and troubleshooting guide to users.

[0180] Technical support: Establish a technical support hotline or online help platform to assist in solving problems encountered.

[0181] 5. Regular maintenance:

[0182] Preventive maintenance: Perform regular hardware inspections and cleanings, and replace worn parts.

[0183] Software upgrade: Regularly update software versions to fix known issues and improve performance.

[0184] 8. Finally, the output results include but are not limited to the node configuration table, network topology diagram, redundant node list and system stability report;

[0185] Node configuration table: includes the location, type, communication address and other information of each node.

[0186] Network topology diagram: shows the connection mode between all nodes and the status of communication links.

[0187] Redundant Node List: Lists all redundant nodes set up to improve system reliability.

[0188] System stability report: Evaluates the stability of the system under different failure scenarios.

[0189] It is necessary to add that

[0190] Optimal node configuration table: contains information such as the location, type, and communication address of each node.

[0191] Generation method: During the optimization process, the algorithm determines the best position for each node, and this position information is recorded.

[0192] At the same time, depending on the application scenario, nodes may have different types (e.g., monitoring nodes, gateway nodes, etc.), and this information also needs to be recorded. The communication address is usually automatically assigned based on the location of the node in the network, or it is pre-defined.

[0193] Network topology diagram: shows the connection mode between all nodes and the status of communication links.

[0194] Generation method: After determining the best location of the nodes, we can further design the connection method between the nodes, such as direct connection or connection through intermediate nodes. Then draw the network topology diagram based on this connection information. The status of the communication link can be obtained based on simulation tests or theoretical analysis.

[0195] Redundant Node List: Lists all redundant nodes set up to improve system reliability.

[0196] Generation method: The optimization algorithm can consider the reliability requirements of the system and add redundant nodes in certain key locations. The information of these redundant nodes is recorded to form a redundant node list.

[0197] System stability report: Evaluates the stability of the system under different failure scenarios.

[0198] Generation Methodology: The performance of the system is evaluated by simulating different failure scenarios (such as node failure, communication link interruption, etc.). These test results are compiled into reports to demonstrate the stability and reliability of the system under various conditions.

[0199] It should be noted that the generation steps are as follows:

[0200] Run optimization algorithms: Use optimization methods such as genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization to find the best node locations.

[0201] Record the best location information for each node.

[0202] Build a node configuration table: collect information such as the location, type, and communication address of the node, and organize this information into a table.

[0203] Draw a network topology diagram: Draw a network topology structure based on the node location and connection relationship, and display the physical connection and logical connection status between nodes.

[0204] Determine redundant nodes: Analyze the key parts of the system, determine which nodes require redundant backup, and list the location and functions of these redundant nodes.

[0205] Conduct stability testing: simulate various failure conditions, observe system performance, collect data, analyze results, and generate reports.

[0206] In one embodiment of the present invention, a sample output is given:

[0207] The node configuration table is as attached Figure 3 shown.

[0208] Network topology diagram: The diagram shows the connection relationship between nodes N1, N2, etc., and the status of the communication links between them.

[0209] Redundant Node List: Lists the locations and types of all redundant nodes set up to improve system reliability, such as R1, R2, etc.

[0210] System stability report: The report summarizes the performance of the system under different failure scenarios, such as the system response time and data loss rate when a node fails.

[0211] The above is the process and content of obtaining the above output results through the optimization algorithm.

[0212] Step S400: Install and configure measurement equipment according to the optimal node distribution strategy output in step S300, including hardware equipment such as probes and data acquisition units, to ensure that all important sensing signal sources are covered.

[0213] Specifically, the probe deployment is performed through the following steps:

[0214] 1. Select a suitable probe: select a corresponding probe and the node configuration table and network topology diagram in step S300 according to the signal type and frequency range determined in step S100;

[0215] Assume that the signal type to be measured is , then the total number of probe types It can be expressed as:

[0216]

[0217] in, Indicates Types of probes.

[0218] 2. Deploy probes: Deploy corresponding probes at corresponding measurement points according to the node configuration table and network topology diagram to ensure coverage of all key signal sources;

[0219] If there is a total measurement points, the total number of probe deployments It can be expressed as:

[0220]

[0221] in, Indicates The number of probes deployed at each measurement point;

[0222] 3. Probe calibration: Calibrate each probe to ensure that the measurement accuracy meets the requirements;

[0223] The calibration value generated by each probe during the calibration process can be expressed as:

[0224]

[0225] in, is a function, and Represents the probe type and measurement point respectively, Indicates Type probe Calibration value for each measuring point;

[0226] 4. Connection and identification of probes: Connect the probes to the nodes of the distributed measurement system and identify them for subsequent data processing. Indicates Type probe and The connection status of a node.

[0227] The connection status can be represented by a Boolean variable:

[0228]

[0229] It is necessary to add that For the Type probe, For the measurement points, For the Type probe Calibration value for each measuring point, For the Type probe and The connection status of the nodes, is the total number of probe types, is the total number of probes deployed, is the number of signal types that need to be measured, is the total number of measurement points.

[0230] The pulse current probe adopts an open clamp structure design and a fully sealed structure. It can be used in harsh environments and meet the requirements of lightning indirect effect tests.

[0231] Step S500: Use an analog optoelectronic transmission system with adjustable gain to transmit data to the measurement and control room to ensure signal quality during data transmission and reduce noise and interference.

[0232] Specifically, data transmission is performed through the following steps:

[0233] 1. Select the transmission medium: Choose optical fiber as the transmission medium because it has the characteristics of low loss and anti-electromagnetic interference, and is suitable for long-distance transmission.

[0234] 2. Determine the transmission parameters: Determine the signal transmission rate, frequency range, gain setting and other parameters.

[0235] Set the signal transmission rate (bps) and frequency range (Hz), gain setting (dB), can be adjusted according to the transmission distance (m) Adjustment:

[0236]

[0237] in, is the gain factor (dB / m), is the basic gain setting (dB);

[0238] 3. Signal conversion and amplification: The analog signals collected from each node are converted into optical signals, and the signal strength is adjusted using an adjustable gain amplifier to adapt to different transmission distances and signal-to-noise ratio requirements.

[0239] Set analog signal After conversion and amplification, it becomes an optical signal :

[0240]

[0241] in, is the amplification factor (considering the gain ), is additive noise;

[0242] 4. Signal transmission: The signal is transmitted to the measurement and control room via optical fiber.

[0243] After the signal is transmitted through the optical fiber, considering the attenuation and dispersion effects, the signal strength It is expressed as:

[0244]

[0245] in, is the transmit power (W), is the attenuation coefficient (dB / km), is the dispersion coefficient (s / Hz.km), is the signal bandwidth (Hz);

[0246] Transmission to the measurement and control room adopts a 32-channel optical fiber transmission system, which is mainly composed of an optoelectronic transmission module, an optical receiver, and a single-mode optical fiber. The optical receiver is an 8-channel integrated in the chassis, and the optoelectronic transmission module is a discrete module. A total of 4 sets of 8-channel optical transmission systems are combined to form a 32-channel optical transmission system.

[0247] The photoelectric transmission module integrates a programmable attenuator and amplifier to meet the measurement requirements of signals with a large dynamic range;

[0248] The system is an electronic device used for analog signal transmission. The input and output of the system are analog electrical signals. The system converts the electrical signals into optical signals for long-distance transmission.

[0249] The system has a multi-stage compensation circuit inside, which performs gain compensation for link loss without repeated calibration;

[0250] The optical receiver can remotely monitor the status of the optoelectronic transmission module.

[0251] 5. Reception and conversion: Receive the optical signal in the measurement and control room and convert it back into an analog signal.

[0252] Receiver signal The expression after photoelectric conversion:

[0253]

[0254] in, is the optical signal strength at the receiving end, is the photoelectric conversion efficiency (V / W), is the noise at the receiving end;

[0255] 6. Signal processing: Filter and condition the received analog signal to ensure signal quality.

[0256] For receiving signal Filtering is performed, and the filter transfer function It can be expressed as:

[0257]

[0258] in, is the cutoff frequency (Hz).

[0259] It is necessary to add that is the signal transmission rate (bps), is the signal frequency range (Hz), is the gain setting (dB), is the transmission distance (m), is the gain factor (dB / m), is the basic gain setting (dB), For analog signals, is the optical signal, is the magnification factor, is additive noise, is the signal strength at the receiving end (W), is the transmission power (W), is the attenuation coefficient (dB / km), is the dispersion coefficient (s / Hz km), is the signal bandwidth (Hz), is the receiving end signal, is the photoelectric conversion efficiency (V / W), is the receiving end noise, is the filter transfer function, is the cut-off frequency (Hz).

[0260] These steps can ensure that the data collected from the measurement point can be accurately transmitted to the measurement and control room, and the signal quality is maintained during the transmission process.

[0261] Step S600: Utilize 16 dual-channel oscilloscopes in the measurement and control room to collect data, and develop host computer software for controlling data acquisition equipment, analyzing measurement data, and automatically generating record tables.

[0262] Specifically, the oscilloscope collects data through the following steps:

[0263] 1. Configure the oscilloscope: Configure the working mode, trigger conditions, sampling rate, bandwidth limit and other parameters of each dual-channel oscilloscope.

[0264] Among them, the sampling rate Calculation:

[0265]

[0266] in, is the number of sampling points in each sampling period, is the length of the sampling period (seconds);

[0267] 2. Data acquisition: Collect data streams from different nodes through an oscilloscope.

[0268] Data acquisition uses a waveform signal acquisition system, which includes four dual-channel oscilloscopes. The trigger mode of the first oscilloscope is set to rising edge trigger, and the trigger modes of the second, third, and fourth oscilloscopes are all set to external trigger. The EXT ports of the second, third, and fourth oscilloscopes are all connected to the Trig out port of the first oscilloscope. This method can make the first oscilloscope receive the rising edge signal while the other oscilloscopes start to receive signals, so that the 8 channels of the four oscilloscopes meet the requirements of synchronous triggering.

[0269] 3. Data synchronization: Realize data synchronization between multiple oscilloscopes to ensure that the collected data is aligned on the time axis.

[0270] Time alignment error Calculation:

[0271]

[0272] in is the deviation between sampling points;

[0273] 4. Data processing: Use host computer software for data preprocessing, including filtering, denoising, etc.

[0274] Bandpass filter transfer function Representation:

[0275]

[0276] in is the center frequency (Hz), is the bandwidth (Hz);

[0277] The host computer software is a 32-channel data acquisition and analysis system. The system is developed and designed using the Lab view platform. To facilitate the operation of test personnel and improve work efficiency, the platform is composed of 4 sets of 8-channel acquisition software. The system is installed on 4 computers. Each test personnel operates 8 channels of data acquisition and analysis at the same time. The 4 systems work at the same time to achieve 32 channels of simultaneous acquisition and analysis.

[0278] 5. Data analysis: Apply mathematical methods to analyze the processed data and extract key features.

[0279] Use Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to analyze the spectrum of the signal:

[0280]

[0281] in is the frequency domain signal, is a time domain signal;

[0282] 6. Result display: Automatically generate charts, curves and other visual results.

[0283] Calculate the RMS value Represents the amplitude of the signal:

[0284]

[0285] 7. Report generation: Automatically generate record forms to record experimental conditions, measurement values, analysis results, etc.

[0286] Calculate relative error Evaluating measurement accuracy:

[0287]

[0288] in is the measured value, is the true value.

[0289] It is necessary to add that is the sampling rate (Hz), is the number of sampling points in each sampling period, is the length of the sampling period (seconds), is the time alignment error (seconds), is the deviation between sampling points, is the filter transfer function, is the center frequency (Hz), is the bandwidth (Hz), is the frequency domain signal, is the time domain signal, is the root mean square value, is the relative error (%), is the measured value, is the true value.

[0290] Through the application of the above steps and mathematical expressions, data from the distributed measurement system can be effectively controlled and analyzed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of data processing.

[0291] It should be added that the entire system needs to be calibrated to ensure that all parts are coordinated and consistent, the data is accurate and reliable, and actual lightning tests are carried out to verify the stability and accuracy of the system.

[0292] Specifically, perform system calibration through the following steps:

[0293] System calibration: Calibrate using a standard reference source, adjust gain and offset to match standard values, and ensure accuracy and consistency across all measurement devices and signal paths.

[0294] The expression of relative error is as follows:

[0295]

[0296] in, is the measured value, is the standard reference value;

[0297] Stability test: collect data over a long period of time, analyze data fluctuations, and verify the stability and repeatability of the system under long-term operation.

[0298] The expression of data volatility is as follows:

[0299]

[0300] in, is the standard deviation, is the average value;

[0301] Accuracy verification: Compare with known standard values, calculate relative errors, and verify how close the measurement results are to the true values.

[0302] The expression of the mean relative error is as follows:

[0303]

[0304] in is the sample size, and They are The measured values ​​of samples and the standard reference values;

[0305] Lightning test: simulate lightning impulse in a controlled environment, analyze the system, and verify the performance of the system under extreme conditions (such as lightning impulse).

[0306] The expression for the peak response is as follows:

[0307]

[0308] in, It's time The response signal on

[0309] Data Analysis: Use statistical analysis tools to generate reports to evaluate overall performance and identify potential problems.

[0310] The expression of root mean square error (RMSE) is as follows:

[0311]

[0312] It is necessary to add that is the relative error (%), Measured value, Standard reference value, is the data volatility (%), is the standard deviation, is the average value, is the average relative error (%), is the peak response, is the root mean square error.

[0313] System adjustment: modify gain, filter parameters, etc., retest until requirements are met, and adjust system settings based on test results.

[0314] In one embodiment of the present invention, the measurement front end of the multi-point synchronous measurement system of the whole-machine lightning induction signal adopts high-precision wide-band current, voltage and magnetic field probes. According to the test requirements, 32 measurement positions can be arranged at the same time, and 32 induced waveforms can be synchronously measured in one discharge. The optical signal is transmitted to the measurement and control room using an analog photoelectric transmission system with adjustable gain. 16 dual-channel oscilloscopes in the measurement and control room are used to collect data. The upper computer software in the computer can analyze the measured key parameters of the induced waveform by controlling the optical fiber transmission system and the oscilloscope, and automatically generate a record table.

[0315] Through the design of the above steps and technical solutions, the problems existing in the traditional oscilloscope point-to-point on-site measurement method can be effectively solved, and the efficiency and accuracy of multi-point synchronous measurement of lightning induction signals of the entire machine can be improved.

[0316] The measurement method of the multi-point synchronous measurement system of the whole aircraft lightning induction signal is as follows:

[0317] Pulse current probes are arranged at points to be measured on the aircraft. The pulse current probes are connected to one end of the photoelectric transmission module. The other end of the photoelectric transmission module is connected to the optical receiver port through a single-mode optical fiber. Each optical receiver is connected to the oscilloscope in the waveform signal acquisition system through a BNC line. The waveform signal acquisition system and the data acquisition and analysis system are connected to the switch through Ethernet to obtain communication connection.

[0318] After all the equipment in the multi-point synchronous measurement system of lightning induction signals of the whole machine are connected, the indirect effect test of lightning is carried out on the whole machine. A current induction signal is released once. The pulse current probe captures the electrical signal and transmits it to the optoelectronic transmission module. The optoelectronic transmission module converts the electrical signal into an optical signal and transmits it to the optical receiver through a single-mode optical fiber. The optical receiver converts the optical signal into an induction signal and transmits it to the waveform signal acquisition system. The waveform signal acquisition system outputs the induction signal as a corresponding waveform. The data acquisition and analysis system adjusts the waveform parameters and saves the data.

[0319] The first signal input in the test is the calibration signal. The data acquisition and analysis system simultaneously collects the 8-channel sensing signal waveforms to perform parameter control and gain adjustment on the corresponding oscilloscope. After determining the relevant parameters, the status of the subsequently received sensing signals is monitored.

[0320] The data acquisition and analysis system can analyze the key parameters of the measured waveform in real time, automatically generate relevant parameters such as peaks and troughs and related parameters of manually measured waveforms, and automatically generate a test report form and save it in the reserved location specified on the computer hard disk;

[0321] The required waveform raw data is saved in XLS format, and the waveform picture is saved in BMP format. After the waveform data is saved, the historical waveform data can be called through the historical data playback function to display the waveform and re-measure it.

[0322] After the test is completed, the test data and photos taken during the test are classified by analyzing and identifying the QR code of each measurement point.

[0323] A multi-point synchronous measurement system for whole-machine lightning induction signals, comprising:

[0324] Requirements analysis module 101: defines measurement requirements, including signal type, frequency range, etc.;

[0325] Configuration planning module 102: planning the number of nodes, distribution locations and measurement tasks;

[0326] Optimization strategy module 103: generating an optimal node distribution strategy;

[0327] Equipment installation and configuration module 104: implement node distribution strategy, install and configure measurement equipment;

[0328] Data transmission module 105: transmits data through an analog optoelectronic transmission system;

[0329] Data acquisition and processing module 106: uses an oscilloscope to collect data and performs analysis and processing through host computer software.

[0330] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a storage medium storing non-transitory computer-readable instructions for executing one or more steps in the aforementioned method for multi-point synchronous measurement of lightning induction signals of the entire machine.

[0331] The computer program may be stored / distributed on a suitable medium, such as an optical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with or as part of other hardware, but may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.

[0332] The above describes an embodiment of the present invention, but this embodiment is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation mode. The above-mentioned specific implementation mode is merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of this embodiment, ordinary technicians in this field can also make more forms of equivalent embodiments, all of which are within the protection of this embodiment.

Claims

1. A method for synchronously measuring multi-point lightning induction signals of a whole machine, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S100: Determine the signal type and frequency range to be measured based on the aircraft model to be measured, test site conditions, and expected measurement accuracy; S200: Determine the number of nodes, distribution locations, and measurement tasks of each node of the distributed measurement system; S300: Generate an optimal node distribution strategy based on the requirements and node configuration determined in S100 and S200, fully cover all key measurement points, and reduce interference between nodes; The steps of the optimal node distribution strategy are as follows: S310, identifying key parts on the aircraft based on the aircraft model and test requirements in S100; S320, determining the total number and type of nodes according to the number of key parts in S200 and the type of required measurement signals; S330, using an optimization algorithm to determine an optimal placement position of the node; The optimization algorithm of S330 adopts the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The specific steps are as follows: Initialize the population: Generate the initial population , each individual is a vector, Indicates the location coordinates of the node; Expressed as =[ , ,…, ],in is the number of nodes, It is Among individuals The position coordinates of the nodes; Fitness function: Fitness function Used to evaluate the quality of each individual, the expression is as follows; ； in, is the weight factor, It is an evaluation indicator about the node location; Update speed: ； in, Indicates Particles in The velocity vector at the moment; Update location: ; in, Indicates Particles in Position vector at the moment; Update personal optimum and global optimum: if , then update the personal optimal ; if , then update the global optimal ; Termination condition: stop when the preset maximum number of iterations is reached or the fitness no longer improves; in, represents a particle group, Indicates The velocity vector of a particle, Indicates The position vector of a particle, Indicates The individual optimal position of a particle, represents the optimal position of the group, represents the inertia weight, and represents the learning factor, and Represents a random number between 0 and 1; S340, calculate the distance between nodes, where the nodes and nodes The Euclidean distance between ; S350, optimizes the communication link; S360, designing redundant nodes for key parts of the aircraft; S370, design fault detection and self-healing mechanisms to reconfigure in case of failure; S380, finally outputting the results, which include a node configuration table, a network topology diagram, a redundant node list, and a system stability report; S400: Install and configure measurement equipment according to the optimal node distribution strategy output by S300 to cover all important sensing signal sources; S500: Uses an analog optoelectronic transmission system with adjustable gain to transmit data to the measurement and control room; S600: Utilize 16 dual-channel oscilloscopes in the measurement and control room to collect data and develop host computer software to control data acquisition equipment, analyze measurement data, and automatically generate record tables.

2. A method for synchronously measuring multi-point lightning induction signals of a whole machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between nodes in S340 adopts Euclidean distance. The expression is as follows: ;in, Indicates Node to The Euclidean distance of the nodes.

3. The method for multi-point synchronous measurement of lightning induction signals of the whole machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Number of redundant nodes in S360 By key parts The redundancy factor and the number of nodes required OK, the expression is as follows: ； in, Indicates key parts The number of redundant nodes.

4. The method for multi-point synchronous measurement of lightning induction signals of the whole machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The output results in S380, where the node configuration table includes the location, type, and communication address information of each node; the network topology diagram is used to display the connection mode and the status of the communication link between all nodes; the redundant node list is used to list all redundant nodes set up to improve system reliability; the system stability report is used to evaluate the stability of the system under different failure scenarios.

5. The method for multi-point synchronous measurement of lightning induction signals of the whole machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of S400 are as follows: S410: Select a probe: select a corresponding probe according to the signal type and frequency range determined in S100; S420: Deploy probes: deploy corresponding probes at corresponding measurement points according to the node configuration table and the network topology diagram; S430: Probe calibration: Calibrate each probe to ensure that the measurement accuracy meets the requirements; S440: Connection and identification of probes: Connect the probes to the nodes of the distributed measurement system and identify them for data processing.

6. A method for synchronously measuring multi-point lightning induction signals of a whole machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific steps of S500 are as follows: S510: Selecting a transmission medium: Selecting optical fiber as a transmission medium; S520: Determine transmission parameters: determine the transmission rate, frequency range and gain setting parameters of the signal; S530: Signal conversion and amplification: Convert analog signals collected from each node into optical signals, and use adjustable gain amplifiers to adjust signal strength for different transmission distances and signal-to-noise ratio requirements; S540: Signal transmission: The signal is transmitted to the measurement and control room via optical fiber.

7. A method for synchronously measuring multi-point lightning induction signals of a whole machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S540, the transmission to the measurement and control room adopts a 32-channel optical fiber transmission system. The 32-channel optical fiber transmission system consists of an optoelectronic transmission module, an optical receiver, a chassis and a single-mode optical fiber. The optical receiver is an 8-channel integrated in the chassis. The optoelectronic transmission module is a discrete module. Four sets of 8-channel optical transmission systems are combined to form a 32-channel optoelectronic transmission module. The optoelectronic transmission module integrates a programmable attenuator and an amplifier. The 32-channel optical fiber transmission system is internally provided with a multi-stage compensation circuit to compensate for the link loss gain, and the optical receiver end is used to remotely monitor the status of the optoelectronic transmission module.

8. A multi-point synchronous measurement system for lightning induction signals of the whole machine, characterized in that: The method for executing the steps in the method for multi-point synchronous measurement of lightning induction signals of the whole machine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises: Requirements analysis module: execute S100 to define measurement requirements, including signal type and frequency range; Configuration planning module: execute S200 to plan the number of nodes, distribution locations and measurement tasks; Optimization strategy module: executes S300 to generate an optimal node distribution strategy; Equipment installation and configuration module: execute S400, implement node distribution strategy, and install and configure measurement equipment; Data transmission module: execute S500 to transmit data through the simulated optoelectronic transmission system; Data acquisition and processing module: execute S600, use an oscilloscope to collect data, and analyze and process it through the host computer software.

9. A storage medium, characterized in that: Non-temporary computer-readable instructions are stored, which are used to execute the steps in the method for multi-point synchronous measurement of lightning induction signals of the whole machine as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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