A high-gain slotted staggered continuous-scan substrate integrated waveguide leaky-wave antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a high-gain slot staggered continuous scanning substrate integrated waveguide leaky-wave antenna, which comprises a feeding structure, a dielectric plate, a top metal layer, a metal ground plate, a metallized via and a radiator structure. The upper and lower layers of the dielectric plate are closely combined with the top metal layer and the metal ground plate etched with slots respectively. The radiator structure comprises A-shaped slots and transverse slots etched on the surface of the top metal layer, two A-shaped slots and transverse slots are placed in a staggered manner in a double-row stack in one period, and the feeding structure is composed of a metal probe and an outer conductor. The application realizes impedance matching by adjusting the distance and size of the A-shaped slots and the transverse slots. Compared with simple longitudinal slots, the A-shaped slots can disturb more surface currents and radiate more energy, thereby realizing greater gain. Through the combination of the upper and lower slots, impedance matching under multiple periods is realized, so that the main beam can be continuously scanned from the front space to the rear space.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular to a high-gain slot staggered continuous scanning substrate integrated waveguide leaky-wave antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, with the development of science and technology, wireless communication technology is also developing rapidly, and mobile communication is always pursuing more stable and more correct data transmission in a shorter time. The antenna bears the important responsibility of transmitting and receiving signals in the wireless communication equipment, and the performance of the antenna is improved to make the data transmission more secure.

[0003] With the rapid development of modern communication, modern communication fields are becoming more and more extensive, people's requirements for radar, communication, measurement and control and energy transmission and other wireless systems are increasing, and the research of antenna technology is also facing new challenges. Among many antennas, leaky-wave antennas are concerned by the academic and industrial circles because of their unique radiation characteristics. The leaky-wave antenna has the frequency scanning ability, strong directivity and wide working frequency band, and is easy to integrate into the feed network. The substrate integrated waveguide is a new type of waveguide structure developed in recent years. As a planar transmission line, the substrate integrated waveguide has the characteristics of low loss and easy integration and manufacturing. It not only continues the advantages of the traditional closed waveguide, but also makes the originally bulky and high-cost three-dimensional waveguide planar and miniaturized, and can be used for the design of leaky-wave antennas.

[0004] The leaky-wave antenna is a kind of traveling wave antenna. By controlling the energy leakage rate of the leaky-wave antenna, people can design an antenna with high gain, high scanning rate, circular polarization, frequency scanning and other functions. The high-gain slot staggered structure of the substrate integrated waveguide can perturb more surface currents in the same period, save space and has certain research value. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned problem of the continuous scanning of the slot staggered structure of the antenna, in view of the deficiencies and problems in the prior art, the application aims to provide a high-gain slot staggered continuous scanning substrate integrated waveguide leaky-wave antenna.

[0006] The technical scheme adopted by the application to solve the problem is:

[0007] The application discloses a high-gain slot staggered continuous scanning substrate integrated waveguide leaky-wave antenna, which comprises a dielectric plate, a top metal layer, a radiator structure, a metal ground plate, a metalized via and a feeding structure. The upper and lower layers of the dielectric plate are tightly combined with the top metal layer and the metal ground plate respectively, wherein the radiator structure comprises A-shaped slots, transverse slots and microstrip converters, and the radiator structure and the metal ground plate are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric plate respectively. The A-shaped slots and the transverse slots are etched on the top metal layer to disturb the surface current, there are two A-shaped slots and two transverse slots in one period unit, and the antenna has a total of periods, , the top metal layer is composed of horizontal arrangement of the above period units and a width-graduated microstrip converter and a 50-ohm microstrip line, the microstrip converter is connected with the 50-ohm microstrip line and the period unit to realize impedance matching; and the double-row slot staggered structure continuous scanning substrate integrated waveguide leaky-wave antenna is formed. The feeding structure is composed of a metal probe and an outer conductor. The metal probe is connected with the radiator structure, the outer conductor is connected with the metal ground plate, and the antenna is fed in a side-feeding mode through the feeding structure.

[0008] Preferably, the dielectric of the dielectric plate is a solid dielectric.

[0009] Preferably, the dielectric plate is a cuboid.

[0010] Preferably, the metal ground plate and the transmission line are in a plane structure and are tightly combined with the dielectric plate.

[0011] Preferably, the center of each A-shaped slot and the center of each transverse slot are located on the center line of the unit period, the length of the unit period is 20 mm, and the width of the period is 20 mm.

[0012] Preferably, there are 20 metalized vias in each period, the radius of each via is 0.3 mm, the centers of adjacent metalized vias are 1 mm apart, the center of each via is 3.5 mm away from the nearest side edge of the substrate integrated waveguide, and the centers of the two rows of metalized vias are 13 mm apart.

[0013] Preferably, the A-shaped slot is composed of two inclined grooves and one longitudinal groove, and there are two A-shaped slots in one period; for the A-shaped slot, the position relationship between the two inclined grooves is that the length of the inclined groove is 3.6 mm, the width is 1.4 mm, the center distance of the two inclined grooves is 5 mm, the center is 7.9 mm away from the edge of the substrate integrated waveguide on the nearest side, that is, 2.1 mm away from the horizontal center line of the unit period, and the two inclined grooves are 2.5 mm and 7.5 mm away from the vertical center line of the period respectively; the width of the longitudinal groove in the A-shaped slot is 1 mm, and the center is 8.1 mm away from the edge of the substrate integrated waveguide on the nearest side, that is, 1.9 mm away from the horizontal center line of the period.

[0014] Preferably, the size and position of the transverse slot in the unit period is that the transverse slot is 4.4mm long and 1.6mm wide, and the center of the transverse slot is 7.8mm away from the edge of the substrate integrated waveguide on one side, i.e. 2.2mm away from the horizontal center line of the period, i.e. one side of the transverse slot is placed close to the position of the horizontal center line of the period.

[0015] Preferably, the position relationship between the A-shaped slot and the transverse slot in the unit period is that the two kinds of slots are double-row staggered arranged in the unit period, i.e. the A-shaped slot is above the transverse slot in the left half of the unit period, and the situation is just the opposite in the right half of the period; the center of the longitudinal slot of the A-shaped slot and the center point of the transverse slot are 4.1mm apart in the vertical direction, and the line connecting the two center points is perpendicular to the horizontal center line of the unit period.

[0016] Preferably, the A-shaped slot is connected by the longitudinal slot, and the two oblique slots are both processed by rotation, and the included angle with the horizontal direction is 45°, the included angle with the vertical direction is 45°, and the included angle with the longitudinal slot connected therewith is also 45°.

[0017] Preferably, the design of the microstrip converter and the 50-ohm microstrip line is that the width of the 50-ohm microstrip line is 2mm, and the length is 5mm; one end of the microstrip converter is 2mm wide, and the other end is 4mm wide, and the length is 5mm, so as to realize impedance matching by gradually changing the width.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0019] The antenna radiator structure of the present application comprises two kinds of slots of A-shaped slots and transverse slots etched on the surface of the top metal layer, two A-shaped slots and transverse slots are double-row stacked and placed in a staggered manner in a period, and impedance matching is realized by adjusting the distance and size of the A-shaped slots and the transverse slots. Compared with simple longitudinal slots, the A-shaped slots can disturb more surface currents and radiate more energy, so as to realize greater gain. Through the combination of the upper and lower slots, impedance matching under multiple periods is realized, so that the main beam can be continuously scanned from the front space to the rear space. The high-gain slot staggered continuous scanning substrate integrated waveguide leaky-wave antenna provided by the present application has good wideband planarity, low cost, easy integration of components, high gain and large scanning angle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings are only used for illustrative description, and cannot be understood as a limitation on the patent.

[0021] Figure 1 is a front structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 is a back structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3This is a side view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is the S-parameter curve of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the change of the main beam pointing angle with frequency within the working range of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Reference numerals: 1. Outer conductor; 2. Metal probe; 3. Dielectric substrate; 4. Top metal layer; 5. A-shaped slot; 6. Lateral slot; 7. Metal ground plane; 8. Metallized via. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] Example 1, such as Figures 1-3 The diagram shown is a schematic of a high-gain slotted interlaced continuous scanning substrate integrated waveguide leaky antenna provided by the present invention. The leaky antenna includes a dielectric substrate 3, a top metal layer 4, a metal ground plane 7, a radiator structure, a metallized via 8, and a feeding structure. The radiator structure includes an A-shaped slot 5, a lateral slot 6, and a microstrip converter. The feeding structure includes a metal probe 2 and an outer conductor 1.

[0029] The top metal layer 4 is a rectangular planar structure. A-shaped slots 5 and horizontal slots 6 are etched on the top metal layer 4. Then, the two sides are connected to a 50-ohm microstrip line via a microstrip transducer with gradually varying width, forming the radiator structure of the antenna. The 50-ohm microstrip line is fed through a metal probe 2. To better disturb the current in the top metal layer 4, A-shaped metal slots 5 and horizontal slots 6 are etched vertically on top of it. The metal radiator and the metal ground plane 7 are tightly attached to both sides of the dielectric substrate 3. The feeding structure includes an outer conductor 1 and a center feeding metal probe 2. The outer conductor 1 is connected to the metal ground plane 7, and the center feeding metal probe 2 is connected to the metal radiator.

[0030] In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate 3 is rectangular in shape, and the dielectric inside the dielectric substrate 3 is a solid dielectric. This embodiment uses Taconic TLE(tm) dielectric substrate material. In this embodiment, the metal radiator is made of copper and can be printed using circuit board printing.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the antenna structure of the present invention is specifically implemented as follows:

[0032] The top metal layer 4 is laid along the dielectric plate 3, which is 179 mm long and 20 mm wide. A rectangle of 160 mm long is made on the top surface of the dielectric plate 3, with the two sides being 9.5 mm away from the edges of the dielectric plate 3, leaving space for making the microstrip converter.

[0033] The top metal layer 4 is divided into 8 periods, each period being 20 mm, and two A-shaped slots 5 and two transverse slots 6 are made in each period. A total of 16 A-shaped slots 5 and 16 transverse slots 6 are etched on the top metal layer 4.

[0034] A metal ground plate 7 is made on the lower surface of the dielectric plate 3, which is 179 mm long and 20 mm wide. Then, a total of 160 metalized vias 8 are made on the dielectric plate 3, with 20 metalized vias 8 in each period. The first metalized via 8 has a center distance of 0.5 mm from the narrow side of the top metal layer 4 and a distance of 3.5 mm from the wide side of the top metal layer 4. The inside of the metalized via 8 needs to be plated with metal for connecting the top metal layer 4 and the metal ground plate 7.

[0035] Microstrip converters are made on the left and right sides of the top metal layer 4, with one end being 2 mm wide and the other end being 4 mm wide, and the length being 5 mm. The design is gradually widened to achieve impedance matching, and the radiator structure is completed. Finally, the feed structure is connected.

[0036] The dielectric plate 3 used in this embodiment is Taconic TLE (tm), which has a dielectric constant , a thickness of the dielectric plate 3 , a width of , and a loss tangent of 0.0028.

[0037] The S 11 reflection coefficient of the antenna is shown in Figure 4 . As can be seen from Figure 4 , the S 11 value remains stable below -10 dB in the frequency range of 8.2 GHz to 12.5 GHz, meeting the required standards for industrial production and having good performance.

[0038] Figure 5 is the radiation pattern of this embodiment in the working range, with the horizontal axis representing the main beam pointing angle. Figure 5The frequency corresponding to the main beam increases from left to right, which shows the change of the main beam in the working frequency range of 8.2GHz to 12.5GHz, and reflects the frequency scanning characteristic of the embodiment. In the whole working range, the main beam can be continuously scanned from -46° to +45°, with a total scanning range of 91°, realizing the continuous scanning function of the leaky-wave antenna; on the other hand, when the frequency is 10.2GHz, the main beam is directed to the position with an angle of 0°, and the gain does not attenuate, and the stop band is successfully eliminated.

[0039] The above only expresses the preferred embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and in more detail, but cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications, improvements and substitutions can be made, which are within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

[0040] In the description of the present application, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "indentation" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0041] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, detachably connected, integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, electrically connected; it can be directly connected, indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For ordinary skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-gain slotted interlaced continuous scanning substrate integrated waveguide leaky wave antenna, characterized in that: The structure includes a dielectric substrate (3), a top metal layer (4), an A-shaped slot (5), a transverse slot (6), a metal ground plane (7), a metallized via (8), a metal probe (2), and an outer conductor (1). The upper and lower layers of the dielectric substrate (3) are tightly bonded to the top metal layer (4) and the metal ground plane (7), respectively. The radiator structure includes an A-shaped slot (5) and a transverse slot (6). The A-shaped slot (5) and the transverse slot (6) are etched on the top metal layer (4) to disturb the surface current. The A-shaped slot (5) consists of two inclined grooves and one longitudinal groove. Within a periodic unit, there are two A-shaped slots (5) and two transverse slots (6). The positional relationship between the A-shaped slots (5) and the transverse slots (6) within the unit period is such that the two types of slots are arranged in a double-row staggered pattern. That is, in the left half of the unit period, the A-shaped slots (5) are above the transverse slots (6), and in the right half of the period, the opposite is true. The vertical distance between the center of the longitudinal slot of the A-shaped slot (5) and the center of the transverse slot (6) within the period is 4.1 mm, and the line connecting the two center points is perpendicular to the horizontal centerline of the unit period. The antenna has a total of... One cycle, The top metal layer (4) is made of The antenna is composed of a horizontally arranged periodic unit, a microstrip converter with a gradually varying width, and a 50-ohm microstrip line. The microstrip converter connects the 50-ohm microstrip line and the periodic unit to achieve impedance matching. This forms a double-row slotted interlaced structure continuous scanning substrate integrated waveguide leaky wave antenna. The feeding structure consists of a metal probe (2) and an outer conductor (1). The metal probe (2) is connected to the antenna radiator structure, and the outer conductor (1) is connected to the metal ground plane (7). The antenna is fed in a side-feed manner through the feeding structure.

2. The high-gain slotted interlaced continuous scanning substrate integrated waveguide leaky antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center of each A-shaped gap (5) and the transverse gap (6) is located on the midline of the unit cycle, with a unit cycle length of 20mm and a cycle width of 20mm.

3. The high-gain slotted interlaced continuous scanning substrate integrated waveguide leaky antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are 20 metallized vias (8) in each cycle, with a radius of 0.3 mm. The center of adjacent metallized vias (8) is 1 mm apart, and the center of the via is 3.5 mm away from the edge of the substrate integrated waveguide. The center of the two rows of metallized vias (8) is 13 mm apart.

4. The high-gain slotted interlaced continuous scanning substrate integrated waveguide leaky antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: For the A-shaped slot (5), the positional relationship of the two inclined slots is as follows: the length of the inclined slot is 3.6 mm, the width is 1.4 mm, and the distance between the center points of the two inclined slots is 5 mm. The center of the slot is 7.9 mm away from the edge of the substrate integrated waveguide on the nearest side, which is 2.1 mm away from the horizontal center line of the unit period. The two inclined slots are 2.5 mm and 7.5 mm away from the vertical center line of the period, respectively. The width of the longitudinal slot in the A-shaped slot (5) is 1 mm, and the center of the slot is 8.1 mm away from the edge of the substrate integrated waveguide on one side, which is 1.9 mm away from the horizontal center line of the period.

5. The high-gain slotted interlaced continuous scanning substrate integrated waveguide leaky antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size and position of the transverse slit (6) within the unit period are as follows: the transverse slit is 4.4 mm long and 1.6 mm wide, and its center is 7.8 mm away from the edge of the substrate integrated waveguide on one side, that is, 2.2 mm away from the horizontal center line of the period. In other words, one side of the transverse slit (6) is placed close to the horizontal center line of the period.

6. The high-gain slotted interlaced continuous scanning substrate integrated waveguide leaky antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The A-shaped gap (5) is connected to two rotating inclined grooves by a longitudinal groove. The two inclined grooves are at an angle of 45° with the horizontal direction, an angle of 45° with the vertical direction, and an angle of 45° with the longitudinal groove they are connected to.

7. The high-gain slotted interlaced continuous scanning substrate integrated waveguide leaky antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The design incorporates a microstrip converter and a 50-ohm microstrip line. The 50-ohm microstrip line is 2mm wide and 5mm long. One end of the microstrip converter is 2mm wide, and the other end is 4mm wide and 5mm long, with a gradient width design to achieve impedance matching.

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