Long-distance communication trunk line optical cable fault positioning method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a long-distance communication trunk optical cable fault positioning method and system, and the method comprises the steps: determining a monitoring demand, configuring an optical power meter, an optical spectrum analyzer and an OTDR, installing the optical power meter, the optical spectrum analyzer and the OTDR at a node, connecting monitoring equipment and a data collection system, configuring collection frequency, a threshold value, a storage and transmission strategy, configuring a data analysis algorithm, and starting the monitoring system to collect data. The optical cable performance is monitored in real time, data are automatically analyzed to identify abnormity, a fault alarm is generated and notified to maintenance personnel, and the data are integrated to automatically calculate the fault position. The fault detection and positioning efficiency is improved, the network reliability and maintenance efficiency are enhanced, and guarantee is provided for stable operation of the optical cable network.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention specifically relates to a method and system for locating a long-distance communication trunk optical cable fault. Background Art

[0002] In the contemporary communication network architecture, optical fiber trunk lines, as a key transmission medium, bear the heavy responsibility of transmitting a large amount of data. However, troubleshooting of optical fiber communication systems has always been a technical challenge, especially in maintenance operations over long-distance trunk lines and under complex geographical conditions. These optical fiber systems frequently suffer from transmission interruptions due to environmental factors, physical damage, or equipment failures, which in turn affects the user's network experience.

[0003] At present, the standardized process of troubleshooting includes: the troubleshooting personnel carry professional equipment to the site to locate and repair the fault based on user feedback and the alarm information of the network monitoring system. Although this method can provide preliminary fault location information, its limitations are also very obvious. Specifically:

[0004] Insufficient accuracy in fault location: Existing equipment can only provide fault distance information, and usually cannot accurately locate the specific fault point, that is, it cannot accurately locate a specific fiber section or pole line. This results in the processing personnel having to rely on manual inspection section by section, which consumes a lot of time and human resources.

[0005] High cost and low efficiency: Troubleshooting personnel need to carry a large amount of testing equipment to the site and step by step troubleshoot the fault along the optical fiber line. This method is not only costly, but also more difficult in areas with rugged geographical locations or inconvenient transportation. For example, in mountainous areas, tunnels or other harsh environments, personnel need to walk, which is heavy and inefficient.

[0006] Significant impact on user experience: Due to inefficient fault handling, network recovery time is often long, which has a significant negative impact on users' network experience. When users are in urgent need of network services, long troubleshooting not only affects business operations, but may also lead to user churn and economic losses.

[0007] Therefore, the current fault handling methods face many challenges in improving fault location accuracy, shortening processing time and reducing labor costs. In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of fiber trunk fault handling, a more intelligent and automated solution is urgently needed to quickly and accurately locate and repair faults, thereby improving network service quality and user satisfaction. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to overcome the deficiencies and shortcomings of the prior art, the primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for locating faults in long-distance communication trunk optical cables. The method and system for locating faults in long-distance communication trunk optical cables achieve efficient fault detection and positioning through precise equipment configuration and comprehensive data analysis, thereby improving network reliability and maintenance efficiency, and providing a strong guarantee for the stable operation of the optical cable network.

[0009] The primary purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0010] A method for locating a long-distance communication trunk optical cable fault comprises the following steps:

[0011] Determine the monitoring requirements of the optical cable network, including determining the optical cable network structure and each node;

[0012] Select and configure optical power meters, spectrum analyzers, and OTDRs, and set data acquisition frequency and storage strategies;

[0013] Install optical power meters, spectrum analyzers, and OTDRs at each node of the optical cable;

[0014] Connect monitoring equipment to data acquisition systems;

[0015] Configure the data collection system's collection frequency and threshold, and set data storage and transmission strategies;

[0016] Configure data analysis algorithms, define anomaly detection criteria and fault location methods;

[0017] Start the monitoring system to collect optical power, spectrum and OTDR data in real time;

[0018] Continuously monitor the performance of optical cables, and update and store the collected data in real time;

[0019] Automatically analyze optical power and spectrum data, identify abnormalities, and detect fiber reflection anomalies in combination with OTDR data;

[0020] Generate fault alarms and notify maintenance personnel through set channels;

[0021] Integrate optical power, spectrum and OTDR data for comprehensive analysis and automatically calculate the fault location of the optical cable.

[0022] Preferably, the method for determining the optical cable network structure and each node is:

[0023] Obtain and draw the topology of the fiber optic cable network, recording the fiber optic cable segments, nodes, devices and connections;

[0024] Determine the coordinate position of each node in the topology map.

[0025] As a preferred method, an optical power meter, a spectrum analyzer and an OTDR are installed at each node of the optical cable as follows:

[0026] Connect the output end of the optical cable to the input port of the optical power meter and spectrum analyzer, and connect the optical cable to the test port of the OTDR.

[0027] Preferably, the method for configuring the acquisition frequency and threshold of the data acquisition system is:

[0028] Identify the optical cable performance indicators that need to be monitored, including optical power, optical cable attenuation, and spectral bandwidth;

[0029] Set up high-frequency acquisition in optical power meters, spectrum analyzers, and OTDR equipment to track the status of optical cables in real time;

[0030] The threshold trigger conditions are defined as the minimum optical power threshold of -20-5dBm, the optical cable attenuation of 0.2-0.5dB / km, and the spectrum bandwidth of 1525-1565nm. When the measured value exceeds the set range, the system will issue an alarm.

[0031] Preferably, the method for setting the data storage and transmission strategy is:

[0032] Configure a solid-state hard drive to save data in real time;

[0033] Configure Fibre Channel and MQTT transport protocols for real-time data transmission;

[0034] Use scheduler Cron jobs to upload data to the central database periodically.

[0035] Preferably, the method for configuring the data analysis algorithm is:

[0036] Clean the data, remove noise data and outliers, and handle missing values ​​and erroneous data;

[0037] Use normalization to scale the data to the same range;

[0038] Calculate the silhouette coefficient under different K values ​​and select the K value with the highest silhouette coefficient;

[0039] Perform K-means clustering using the selected K value to divide the data into K clusters;

[0040] After clustering is complete, the center of each cluster is calculated.

[0041] Preferably, the method for defining the anomaly detection criteria is:

[0042] Set a distance threshold, calculate the distance from each data point to the center of its cluster, and identify data points with a distance greater than the distance threshold as abnormal;

[0043] Set a density threshold. If the density of points within a cluster is lower than the density threshold, these clusters are considered abnormal.

[0044] As a preferred method, the fault location method is:

[0045] Analyze the characteristics of each cluster to identify whether a specific cluster corresponds to a known failure mode;

[0046] Identify clusters containing outliers as potential failure areas;

[0047] Perform detailed analysis on the data points in the abnormal cluster, find the root cause of the fault, and generate a fault location report.

[0048] As a preferred method, the method of integrating optical power, spectrum and OTDR data for comprehensive analysis and automatically calculating the fault location of the optical cable is:

[0049] Align optical power, spectrum and OTDR data in time and space to ensure data consistency;

[0050] Fusion of abnormal features of optical power, spectrum and OTDR data to form a comprehensive feature set;

[0051] Use the reflection point information and calculation formula in the OTDR data to calculate the fault location;

[0052] Based on the weighted calculation method of comprehensive data, the fault location of the optical cable is calculated by combining the attenuation of optical power, spectrum anomalies and OTDR reflection points.

[0053] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a long-distance communication trunk optical cable fault location system, which is characterized by comprising:

[0054] A monitoring requirement determination module is used to determine the monitoring requirements of the optical cable network, including the optical cable network structure and the configuration of each node;

[0055] The equipment configuration module is used to select and configure the optical power meter, spectrum analyzer and optical time domain reflectometer, and set the frequency and storage strategy of data collection;

[0056] Installation module, used to install optical power meter, spectrum analyzer and OTDR at each node of the optical cable;

[0057] A connection module for connecting the monitoring device to the data acquisition system;

[0058] Data collection configuration module, used to configure the collection frequency and threshold of the data collection system, and set data storage and transmission strategies;

[0059] Data analysis configuration module, used to configure data analysis algorithms, define anomaly detection criteria and fault location methods;

[0060] The monitoring system startup module is used to start the monitoring system and collect optical power, spectrum and OTDR data in real time;

[0061] Real-time monitoring module, used to continuously monitor the performance of the optical cable, and update and store the collected data in real time;

[0062] Anomaly analysis module, which is used to automatically analyze optical power and spectrum data, identify abnormal situations, and detect fiber reflection anomalies in combination with OTDR data;

[0063] A fault alarm generation module is used to generate a fault alarm and notify maintenance personnel through a set channel;

[0064] The data integration and positioning module is used to integrate optical power, spectrum and OTDR data for comprehensive analysis and automatically calculate the fault location of the optical cable.

[0065] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0066] Combined with optical power meters, spectrum analyzers and OTDR, it provides comprehensive optical cable performance data, accurately locates faults, and reduces time and cost; real-time data collection and automatic fault detection can detect abnormalities in a timely manner, shorten response time, and improve reliability and maintenance efficiency; optimize data collection and storage strategies, provide long-term performance trends, make scientific decisions, reduce failure probability, and improve operational stability; automatic analysis and data processing reduce manual dependence, reduce human errors, and improve accuracy and efficiency.

[0067] Accurately locate and quickly resolve faults, improve network reliability and stability, improve user experience, and increase satisfaction; configure and adjust according to needs to adapt to optical cable networks of different sizes and complexities; integrate optical power, spectrum and OTDR data to provide comprehensive fault information and improve positioning accuracy; real-time monitoring and data analysis predict potential faults, implement preventive maintenance, and improve system reliability. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further described in detail to make the technical solutions of the present invention easier to understand and grasp.

[0069] Example

[0070] A method for locating a long-distance communication trunk optical cable fault comprises the following steps:

[0071] Determine the monitoring requirements of the optical cable network, including determining the optical cable network structure and each node;

[0072] Select and configure optical power meters, spectrum analyzers, and OTDRs, and set data acquisition frequency and storage strategies;

[0073] Install optical power meters, spectrum analyzers, and OTDRs at each node of the optical cable;

[0074] Connect monitoring equipment to data acquisition systems;

[0075] Configure the data collection system's collection frequency and threshold, and set data storage and transmission strategies;

[0076] Configure data analysis algorithms, define anomaly detection criteria and fault location methods;

[0077] Start the monitoring system to collect optical power, spectrum and OTDR data in real time;

[0078] Continuously monitor the performance of optical cables, and update and store the collected data in real time;

[0079] Automatically analyze optical power and spectrum data, identify abnormalities, and detect fiber reflection anomalies in combination with OTDR data;

[0080] Generate fault alarms and notify maintenance personnel through set channels;

[0081] Integrate optical power, spectrum and OTDR data for comprehensive analysis and automatically calculate the fault location of the optical cable.

[0082] Accurate fiber optic positioning technology: By integrating the application of optical power meter, spectrum analyzer and optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR), the fiber optic fault point can be accurately determined.

[0083] Real-time monitoring mechanism: Through continuous monitoring and real-time data collection, problems in the fiber optic network can be quickly identified and responded to, thereby reducing system downtime.

[0084] Automated fault handling: Through automated data analysis and fault alarm systems, reliance on manual operations is reduced, thereby improving work efficiency and accuracy.

[0085] Comprehensive data analysis capabilities: In-depth analysis through integration of multiple data sources provides more detailed fault information, which helps to gain a deeper understanding of the problem.

[0086] Preventive maintenance strategy: By analyzing data trends, preventive maintenance measures can be implemented to reduce possible future failures.

[0087] The implementation steps are as follows:

[0088] Demand assessment: Identify the architecture and key nodes of the fiber optic network and evaluate the necessity of a monitoring system.

[0089] Equipment configuration: Select appropriate optical power meters, spectrum analyzers and OTDRs, and set appropriate data acquisition frequency and storage solutions.

[0090] Equipment deployment: Install monitoring equipment at key nodes and ensure that they are correctly connected and properly configured.

[0091] System Settings: Configure various parameters of the data acquisition system, including acquisition frequency, threshold settings, and data storage strategies.

[0092] Data processing: Set data analysis algorithms, establish anomaly detection standards and fault location methods.

[0093] System activation: Start the monitoring system and begin collecting optical power, spectrum and OTDR data in real time.

[0094] Continuous Monitoring: Continuously updates and stores data to continuously monitor fiber performance.

[0095] Fault identification: Automatically analyze data to find abnormalities and use OTDR technology to detect fiber reflection anomalies.

[0096] Alarm triggering: Generates a fault alarm and notifies relevant maintenance personnel through established channels.

[0097] Fault location: Comprehensively analyze optical power, spectrum and OTDR data to accurately calculate the specific location of the fiber fault and take corresponding repair measures.

[0098] The method to determine the optical cable network structure and each node is:

[0099] Obtain and draw the topology of the fiber optic cable network, recording the fiber optic cable segments, nodes, devices and connections;

[0100] Determine the coordinate position of each node in the topology map.

[0101] Clarify the network structure: Obtaining and drawing the topology diagram of the optical cable network can clearly reveal the network architecture and help understand the optical cable wiring method and the connection relationship between each node.

[0102] Simplify fault location: Recording the fiber optic cable segments, nodes, devices and connection methods can quickly locate the problem area when a fault occurs, shortening the troubleshooting time.

[0103] Optimized maintenance and management: Systematic topology diagrams make it easier for network maintenance personnel to perform daily inspections, maintenance, and upgrades more efficiently, ensuring efficient network operation.

[0104] Improve monitoring accuracy: Determining the coordinate position of each node in the topology map helps to achieve high-precision monitoring and fault location, especially in large-scale optical cable networks.

[0105] Support for expansion and improvement: The complete network structure diagram can serve as a basis for future network expansion and improvement, and assist in planning the deployment of new equipment and optical cable segments.

[0106] Field survey: Conduct a field survey of the optical cable network and record in detail all optical cable segments, nodes, equipment and their connections.

[0107] Obtain existing documents: Collect all existing network diagrams, engineering documents, and equipment lists to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information.

[0108] Select tools: Use professional network drawing tools (such as Visio, AutoCAD or network management software) to draw the optical cable network topology diagram.

[0109] Mark nodes: Mark the optical cable segments, nodes (such as fiber distribution frames, splice boxes, etc.), devices (such as fiber optic transceivers) and their connections in the topology diagram.

[0110] Add detailed information: including the number of each node, device model, optical cable specifications and other detailed information.

[0111] Geolocation: If the network covers a wide geographic area, use GPS devices or other Geographic Information System (GIS) tools to determine the actual coordinates of the nodes.

[0112] Network structure analysis: Determine the node location in the topology map based on the actual layout and mark the coordinates of each node.

[0113] Check information: Check the topology map and node information with on-site maintenance personnel to ensure the accuracy of the data.

[0114] Regular updates: As the network expands or changes, the topology map and node information are updated regularly to keep the data timely and accurate.

[0115] Data docking: Integrate the drawn topology map and node coordinates into the monitoring system, so that the monitoring system can collect data and locate faults based on the topology map.

[0116] Set up alarms and reports: Set up fault alarm and reporting mechanisms based on the topology diagram so that maintenance personnel can be quickly notified and the fault point can be located when a problem occurs.

[0117] The method of installing optical power meter, spectrum analyzer and OTDR at each node of the optical cable is as follows:

[0118] Connect the output end of the optical cable to the input port of the optical power meter and spectrum analyzer, and connect the optical cable to the test port of the OTDR.

[0119] Comprehensive monitoring of optical cable performance: Optical power meters, spectrum analyzers and OTDRs have their own measurement functions. When used together, they can comprehensively evaluate the performance of optical cables, covering optical power, spectrum characteristics, and reflection and loss of optical fibers.

[0120] Real-time fault detection: The optical power meter can monitor the intensity of the optical signal in real time, the spectrum analyzer is used to analyze the spectral characteristics of the signal, and the OTDR can accurately locate the fault position in the optical cable. The combination of the three provides comprehensive capabilities for optical cable fault detection.

[0121] Improve maintenance efficiency: Through real-time data collection and automatic analysis, optical cable problems can be quickly discovered and diagnosed, thereby shortening fault response time and reducing maintenance costs.

[0122] Enhanced data accuracy: Mutual verification of multi-dimensional data ensures the accuracy and reliability of fault detection results.

[0123] Supports preventive maintenance: Continuous monitoring and analysis help identify potential problems and implement preventive maintenance to avoid serious failures.

[0124] Choose the right equipment: Select the right optical power meter, spectrum analyzer, and OTDR based on the specific needs of the optical cable network, ensuring that the equipment model and specifications match the actual optical cable and test requirements.

[0125] Configure equipment parameters: According to the characteristics of the optical cable and test requirements, set equipment-related parameters, such as the measurement range of the optical power meter, the wavelength range of the spectrum analyzer, and the test pulse width of the OTDR.

[0126] Connect the output end of the optical cable: Connect the output end of the optical cable (usually the optical fiber end) to the input port of the optical power meter and spectrum analyzer.

[0127] Configure the optical power meter and spectrum analyzer: Ensure that the optical power meter can accurately measure the optical signal power, and set up the spectrum analyzer to analyze the wavelength and intensity characteristics of the optical signal.

[0128] Connect the fiber optic cable test port: Connect the fiber optic cable test port to the test port of the OTDR. The OTDR usually measures the reflection and loss of the optical fiber by sending a pulse signal.

[0129] Set OTDR parameters: Configure OTDR test parameters such as pulse width, scan range, and resolution according to the length and characteristics of the optical cable.

[0130] Connect monitoring equipment to data acquisition system: Connect optical power meters, spectrum analyzers and OTDR to the data acquisition system to ensure that data is transmitted to the central processing system for analysis and storage.

[0131] The method to configure the collection frequency and threshold of the data collection system is:

[0132] Identify the optical cable performance indicators that need to be monitored, including optical power, optical cable attenuation, and spectral bandwidth;

[0133] Set up high-frequency acquisition in optical power meters, spectrum analyzers, and OTDR equipment to track the status of optical cables in real time;

[0134] The threshold trigger conditions are defined as the minimum optical power threshold of -20-5dBm, the optical cable attenuation of 0.2-0.5dB / km, and the spectrum bandwidth of 1525-1565nm. When the measured value exceeds the set range, the system will issue an alarm.

[0135] The methods for setting data storage and transmission policies are:

[0136] Configure a solid-state hard drive to save data in real time;

[0137] Configure Fibre Channel and MQTT transport protocols for real-time data transmission;

[0138] Use scheduler Cron jobs to upload data to the central database periodically.

[0139] Through high-frequency acquisition technology, the status of optical cables can be tracked in real time, so that potential problems can be discovered and responded to in a timely manner, reducing the risk of failure; the system can accurately identify abnormal conditions and issue alarms based on the set precise threshold trigger conditions, effectively avoiding false alarms; solid-state drives provide fast data storage capabilities, Fiber Channel and MQTT protocols ensure efficient data transmission, and Cron jobs regularly upload data to ensure data integrity and timely updates; the system regularly uploads data to the central database to achieve long-term data storage and centralized management, facilitating subsequent analysis and decision support.

[0140] Determine indicators: Identify the performance indicators that need to be monitored, covering optical power, optical cable attenuation and spectral bandwidth.

[0141] Set monitoring range: Set reasonable normal range and threshold for each indicator.

[0142] Set equipment parameters: Set high-frequency acquisition in optical power meters, spectrum analyzers, and OTDRs to track fiber cable status in real time.

[0143] Define thresholds: Set threshold trigger conditions in devices and data acquisition systems:

[0144] Optical power minimum power threshold: -20 to -5dBm.

[0145] Optical cable attenuation range: 0.2 to 0.5dB / km.

[0146] Spectral bandwidth range: 1525 to 1565nm.

[0147] Configure the alarm system: Set the system to sound an alarm when the measured value exceeds the specified range.

[0148] Configure a solid-state drive: Install and configure a solid-state drive to save data in real time and ensure data read and write speeds.

[0149] Implement data storage strategy: ensure data is stored safely and quickly on the hard disk to prevent data loss.

[0150] Configure Fibre Channel: Ensure data is transmitted through the Fibre Channel, providing high-speed and stable data transmission capabilities.

[0151] Configure MQTT protocol: Set up the MQTT protocol for real-time data transmission to ensure low latency and high efficiency of data transmission.

[0152] Configure Cron jobs: Use Cron jobs to regularly upload data from the SSD to the central database. Set an appropriate upload frequency to ensure that the data is always up to date.

[0153] Implement upload scripts: Write and configure upload scripts to ensure that data can be uploaded accurately according to the scheduled plan.

[0154] The method to configure the data analysis algorithm is:

[0155] Clean the data, remove noise data and outliers, and handle missing values ​​and erroneous data;

[0156] Use normalization to scale the data to the same range;

[0157] Calculate the silhouette coefficient under different K values ​​and select the K value with the highest silhouette coefficient;

[0158] Perform K-means clustering using the selected K value to divide the data into K clusters;

[0159] After clustering is complete, the center of each cluster is calculated.

[0160] The method to define the anomaly detection criteria is:

[0161] Set a distance threshold, calculate the distance from each data point to the center of its cluster, and identify data points with a distance greater than the distance threshold as abnormal;

[0162] Set a density threshold. If the density of points within a cluster is lower than the density threshold, these clusters are considered abnormal.

[0163] The fault location method is as follows:

[0164] Analyze the characteristics of each cluster to identify whether a specific cluster corresponds to a known failure mode;

[0165] Identify clusters containing outliers as potential failure areas;

[0166] Perform detailed analysis on the data points in the abnormal cluster, find the root cause of the fault, and generate a fault location report.

[0167] Improvement of data quality: Through data cleaning and normalization, the quality and consistency of data are enhanced, thus ensuring the accuracy of analysis results.

[0168] Optimization of clustering effect: The optimal K value is selected by calculating the silhouette coefficient to ensure the representativeness and effectiveness of the K-means clustering results.

[0169] Effectiveness of anomaly detection: Using the distance and density threshold criteria, abnormal data points and abnormal clusters can be effectively identified, thereby improving the accuracy of detection.

[0170] Accuracy of fault location: By analyzing cluster characteristics and anomalies, the fault area can be accurately located, and in-depth research can be carried out to discover the root cause, helping to quickly resolve the problem.

[0171] The implementation steps are as follows:

[0172] Data cleaning:

[0173] Remove noise and outliers: Use statistical methods or data visualization tools to identify and remove noisy data and outliers.

[0174] Handling missing data: Use appropriate interpolation methods to fill in missing values, or delete data records with a large number of missing values.

[0175] Correct erroneous data: Check data for consistency and accuracy and correct data entry errors.

[0176] Data normalization:

[0177] Choose a normalization method: Use Min-Max scaling or Z-score normalization to adjust the data to a uniform range to ensure that different features have equal influence.

[0178] Clustering algorithm configuration:

[0179] Calculate the silhouette coefficient: Calculate the silhouette coefficient for different K values. A higher silhouette coefficient indicates a better clustering effect.

[0180] Select the best K value: Select the K value with the highest silhouette coefficient as the parameter for K-means clustering.

[0181] Perform K-means clustering: Cluster the data using the selected K value and divide the data into K clusters.

[0182] Calculate cluster centers: Determine the center point of each cluster to provide a basis for subsequent anomaly detection and fault location.

[0183] Anomaly Detection:

[0184] Set distance threshold: Determine the distance threshold, calculate the distance from the data point to the cluster center, and identify the data points exceeding the threshold as abnormal.

[0185] Set density threshold: Determine the density threshold, calculate the density of points within the cluster, and identify clusters with density below the threshold as abnormal.

[0186] Fault location:

[0187] Analyze cluster characteristics: Analyze the characteristics of each cluster to determine whether it matches the known failure mode.

[0188] Identify anomaly clusters: Mark clusters containing anomalies as potential failure areas.

[0189] Detailed analysis of anomaly clusters: Perform in-depth analysis of data points in anomaly clusters to find the root cause of the failure.

[0190] Generate fault report: organize the analysis results to form a detailed fault location report, providing specific information about the fault and corresponding solutions.

[0191] The method of integrating optical power, spectrum and OTDR data for comprehensive analysis and automatically calculating the fault location of the optical cable is as follows:

[0192] Align optical power, spectrum and OTDR data in time and space to ensure data consistency;

[0193] Fusion of abnormal features of optical power, spectrum and OTDR data to form a comprehensive feature set;

[0194] Use the reflection point information and calculation formula in the OTDR data to calculate the fault location;

[0195] Based on the weighted calculation method of comprehensive data, the fault location of the optical cable is calculated by combining the attenuation of optical power, spectrum anomalies and OTDR reflection points.

[0196] Comprehensive data integration: By integrating optical power, spectrum, and OTDR data, the operating status of the optical cable can be fully understood, thereby improving the accuracy of fault detection and location.

[0197] Improve fault location accuracy: Using multiple data sources for weighted calculations can more accurately determine the fault point, which is more accurate than the analysis method that relies only on a single data source.

[0198] Real-time and automation: Through comprehensive analysis and automatic calculation, human intervention is reduced, thereby improving the real-time and efficiency of fault detection and location.

[0199] Enhanced system reliability: Through comprehensive data analysis, potential problems can be identified earlier, reducing the impact of optical cable failures on business, thereby improving the overall reliability of the system.

[0200] Implementation steps:

[0201] Data alignment:

[0202] Time alignment: Synchronize the optical power, spectrum, and OTDR data to ensure the consistency of the data in the time dimension. Use timestamps or timestamp correction tools to calibrate the data.

[0203] Spatial alignment: Map the data to a unified spatial coordinate system to ensure data consistency in spatial dimensions. Spatial alignment is performed based on the physical layout of the optical cable and the measurement location.

[0204] Abnormal feature fusion:

[0205] Data preprocessing: Preprocess the optical power, spectrum, and OTDR data to remove noise and handle missing values.

[0206] Feature extraction: Extract key features from each data, such as optical power changes, spectral anomalies, and OTDR reflection point information.

[0207] Feature fusion: The extracted features are fused to form a comprehensive feature set. For example, the attenuation of optical power, the change of spectrum and the reflection point of OTDR are combined to form a comprehensive feature description.

[0208] Fault location estimation:

[0209] OTDR data analysis: Use the reflection point information in the OTDR data to calculate the fault location. Based on the OTDR measurement principle, use the corresponding calculation formula (such as light speed and reflection time) to calculate the fault location.

[0210] Fault calculation formula: Calculate the exact location of the fault in the optical cable based on the distance between the OTDR's reflection point and the optical cable.

[0211] Weighted calculation:

[0212] Define weighting scheme: Set weighting coefficients for optical power attenuation, spectral anomaly, and OTDR reflection point. The weighting coefficients can be adjusted according to actual conditions to reflect the importance of different data sources.

[0213] Calculate the comprehensive results: Use the weighted calculation method to combine the attenuation of optical power, spectrum anomalies and OTDR reflection point information to obtain the final fault location.

[0214] Verification and optimization: Verify the calculation results to ensure the accuracy of the calculation, and adjust the weighting coefficient or calculation method as needed to optimize the fault location results.

[0215] Specific implementation details:

[0216] Data collection and storage:

[0217] Configure data acquisition equipment: Ensure that optical power meters, spectrum analyzers, and OTDR equipment can collect data regularly and accurately.

[0218] Data storage: Store the collected data in an efficient storage system to ensure data integrity and accessibility.

[0219] Development of data processing tools:

[0220] Data alignment tools: Develop or configure temporal and spatial alignment tools to ensure data consistency.

[0221] Anomaly detection tools: Use algorithms and models to detect abnormal features in data.

[0222] Comprehensive analysis tool: The development tool fuses data features and performs weighted calculations to determine the fault location.

[0223] Tested and verified:

[0224] Test solutions: Test the integration and analysis solutions in a laboratory environment to verify their accuracy and reliability.

[0225] Adjust parameters: Adjust parameters and weighting coefficients based on test results to optimize the performance of the solution.

[0226] Implementation and maintenance:

[0227] Deployment plan: Deploy the verified plan to the actual environment and start real-time data analysis and fault location.

[0228] Continuous monitoring: Regularly check and maintain the system to ensure its stability and accuracy. Make necessary adjustments and optimizations based on actual operating conditions.

[0229] A long-distance communication trunk optical cable fault location system, characterized in that it includes:

[0230] A monitoring requirement determination module is used to determine the monitoring requirements of the optical cable network, including the optical cable network structure and the configuration of each node;

[0231] The equipment configuration module is used to select and configure the optical power meter, spectrum analyzer and optical time domain reflectometer, and set the frequency and storage strategy of data collection;

[0232] Installation module, used to install optical power meter, spectrum analyzer and OTDR at each node of the optical cable;

[0233] A connection module for connecting the monitoring device to the data acquisition system;

[0234] Data collection configuration module, used to configure the collection frequency and threshold of the data collection system, and set data storage and transmission strategies;

[0235] Data analysis configuration module, used to configure data analysis algorithms, define anomaly detection criteria and fault location methods;

[0236] The monitoring system startup module is used to start the monitoring system and collect optical power, spectrum and OTDR data in real time;

[0237] Real-time monitoring module, used to continuously monitor the performance of the optical cable, and update and store the collected data in real time;

[0238] Anomaly analysis module, which is used to automatically analyze optical power and spectrum data, identify abnormal situations, and detect fiber reflection anomalies in combination with OTDR data;

[0239] A fault alarm generation module is used to generate a fault alarm and notify maintenance personnel through a set channel;

[0240] The data integration and positioning module is used to integrate optical power, spectrum and OTDR data for comprehensive analysis and automatically calculate the fault location of the optical cable.

[0241] Of course, the above are only typical examples of the present invention. In addition to these, the present invention may also have many other specific implementations. Any technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention. Of course, the above are only typical examples of the present invention. In addition to these, the present invention may also have many other specific implementations. Any technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for locating a long-distance communication trunk optical cable fault, characterized in that , including the following steps: Determine the monitoring requirements of the optical cable network, including determining the optical cable network structure and each node; Select and configure optical power meters, spectrum analyzers, and OTDRs, and set data acquisition frequency and storage strategies; Install optical power meters, spectrum analyzers, and OTDRs at each node of the optical cable; Connect monitoring equipment to data acquisition systems; Configure the data collection system's collection frequency and threshold, and set data storage and transmission strategies; Configure data analysis algorithms, define anomaly detection criteria and fault location methods; Start the monitoring system to collect optical power, spectrum and OTDR data in real time; Continuously monitor the performance of optical cables, and update and store the collected data in real time; Automatically analyze optical power and spectrum data, identify abnormalities, and detect fiber reflection anomalies in combination with OTDR data; Generate fault alarms and notify maintenance personnel through set channels; Integrate optical power, spectrum and OTDR data for comprehensive analysis and automatically calculate the fault location of the optical cable.

2. The long-distance communication trunk optical cable fault locating method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method to determine the optical cable network structure and each node is: Obtain and draw the topology of the fiber optic cable network, recording the fiber optic cable segments, nodes, devices and connections; Determine the coordinate position of each node in the topology map.

3. The long-distance communication trunk optical cable fault location method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of installing optical power meter, spectrum analyzer and OTDR at each node of the optical cable is as follows: Connect the output end of the optical cable to the input port of the optical power meter and spectrum analyzer, and connect the optical cable to the test port of the OTDR.

4. The long-distance communication trunk optical cable fault location method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method to configure the collection frequency and threshold of the data collection system is: Identify the optical cable performance indicators that need to be monitored, including optical power, optical cable attenuation, and spectral bandwidth; Set up high-frequency acquisition in optical power meters, spectrum analyzers, and OTDR equipment to track the status of optical cables in real time; The threshold trigger conditions are defined as the minimum optical power threshold of -20-5dBm, the optical cable attenuation of 0.2-0.5dB / km, and the spectrum bandwidth of 1525-1565nm. When the measured value exceeds the set range, the system will issue an alarm.

5. The long-distance communication trunk optical cable fault location method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The methods for setting data storage and transmission policies are: Configure a solid-state hard drive to save data in real time; Configure Fibre Channel and MQTT transport protocols for real-time data transmission; Use scheduler Cron jobs to upload data to the central database periodically.

6. The long-distance communication trunk optical cable fault location method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method to configure the data analysis algorithm is: Clean the data, remove noise data and outliers, and handle missing values ​​and erroneous data; Use normalization to scale the data to the same range; Calculate the silhouette coefficient under different K values ​​and select the K value with the highest silhouette coefficient; Perform K-means clustering using the selected K value to divide the data into K clusters; After clustering is complete, the center of each cluster is calculated.

7. The long-distance communication trunk optical cable fault location method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method to define the anomaly detection criteria is: Set a distance threshold, calculate the distance from each data point to the center of its cluster, and identify data points with a distance greater than the distance threshold as abnormal; Set a density threshold. If the density of points within a cluster is lower than the density threshold, these clusters are considered abnormal.

8. The long-distance communication trunk optical cable fault location method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fault location method is as follows: Analyze the characteristics of each cluster to identify whether a specific cluster corresponds to a known failure mode; Identify clusters containing outliers as potential failure areas; Perform detailed analysis on the data points in the abnormal cluster, find the root cause of the fault, and generate a fault location report.

9. The method for locating a long-distance communication trunk optical cable fault according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method of integrating optical power, spectrum and OTDR data for comprehensive analysis and automatically calculating the fault location of the optical cable is as follows: Align optical power, spectrum and OTDR data in time and space to ensure data consistency; Fusion of abnormal features of optical power, spectrum and OTDR data to form a comprehensive feature set; Use the reflection point information and calculation formula in the OTDR data to calculate the fault location; Based on the weighted calculation method of comprehensive data, the fault location of the optical cable is calculated by combining the attenuation of optical power, spectrum anomalies and OTDR reflection points.

10. A long-distance communication trunk optical cable fault location system, characterized in that: Included are: A monitoring requirement determination module is used to determine the monitoring requirements of the optical cable network, including the optical cable network structure and the configuration of each node; The equipment configuration module is used to select and configure the optical power meter, spectrum analyzer and optical time domain reflectometer, and set the frequency and storage strategy of data collection; Installation module, used to install optical power meter, spectrum analyzer and OTDR at each node of the optical cable; A connection module for connecting the monitoring device to the data acquisition system; Data collection configuration module, used to configure the collection frequency and threshold of the data collection system, and set data storage and transmission strategies; Data analysis configuration module, used to configure data analysis algorithms, define anomaly detection criteria and fault location methods; The monitoring system startup module is used to start the monitoring system and collect optical power, spectrum and OTDR data in real time; Real-time monitoring module, used to continuously monitor the performance of the optical cable, and update and store the collected data in real time; Anomaly analysis module, which is used to automatically analyze optical power and spectrum data, identify abnormal situations, and detect fiber reflection anomalies in combination with OTDR data; A fault alarm generation module is used to generate a fault alarm and notify maintenance personnel through a set channel; The data integration and positioning module is used to integrate optical power, spectrum and OTDR data for comprehensive analysis and automatically calculate the fault location of the optical cable.