Emulsifiable concentrate with (substituted) benzaldehyde-based solvent system

Abstract

An emulsifiable concentrate (EC) comprising one or more pesticidal agents, one or more emulsifiers, and certain benzaldehyde-derived solvents, emulsion-in-water (EW) formulations formed from the emulsifiable concentrate (EC), and the use of certain benzaldehyde-derived solvents as solvents in agrochemical emulsifiable concentrates are disclosed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) comprising one or more pesticides, one or more emulsifiers and certain benzaldehyde-derived solvents, to emulsion-in-water (EW) formulations formed from said emulsifiable concentrate (EC), and to the use of certain benzaldehyde-derived solvents as solvents in agrochemical emulsifiable concentrates. Background Art

[0002] When preparing agricultural chemical formulations, it is usually necessary to dissolve the agricultural chemical active ingredient (for example, one or more pesticides) in a solvent, which is then diluted in a larger volume of water so that it is applied in the form of a fine spray. Alternatively, it may be necessary to dilute the agricultural chemical active ingredient in a solution and load it onto a seed or a solid carrier. Although some agricultural chemical active ingredients are salts and are therefore highly soluble in water, allowing simple dissolution, many other nonionic agricultural chemical active ingredients are hydrophobic and completely insoluble in water.

[0003] In the case where the active ingredient is not soluble in water, it is usually necessary to dissolve the formulation in a water-immiscible solvent and add one or more surfactants so that when added to water, the solution will form an oil-in-water emulsion. Such formulations are called emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations. Alternatively, the water-immiscible solution containing the active ingredient can be pre-emulsified in water in concentrated form. Such formulations are called emulsion-in-water (EW) formulations.

[0004] Water-immiscible solvents commonly used in EC and EW formulations include, but are not limited to, aromatic hydrocarbons such as Series, chain alkanes such as Category, ester solvents such as The invention relates to solvents which are immiscible with water at high concentrations, such as cyclohexanone, isophorone, and methyl oleate. In addition, solvents which are immiscible with water at high concentrations include cyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexanone and isophorone. Recently, solvents which exhibit improved toxicity and reduced flammability characteristics have been used. These solvents include dibasic ester solvents of long chain diacids having 8-16 carbon units (which are usually methyl ester derivatives) and fatty acid amide solvents (examples of which are C 6 -C 16 Dimethylamide and morpholineamide derivatives of fatty acids). Monoalkylene carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and butylene carbonate are also used as auxiliary solvents.

[0005] Combinations of water-immiscible solvents with highly polar water-miscible cosolvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl isosorbide, monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, and various glycol ethers have been used in the past to achieve physical stability of EC formulations, particularly if crystallization of the active ingredient occurs at subambient temperatures. However, the use of such solvent combinations often leads to problems with crystallization in diluted formulations.

[0006] In the pesticide industry, there is a great desire to find alternatives to currently used solvents (such as fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, isophorone, methyl butyl ketone (MBK), NMP, etc.), which may be expensive, difficult to obtain and / or environmentally undesirable due to their inherent phytotoxicity, toxicity (e.g., teratogenicity) or regulatory status.

[0007] Solvents that avoid these phytotoxic / environmentally harmful properties are known, such as benzyl acetate; however, these solvents typically achieve only moderate solubility in a wide range of commercially important pesticides. In particular, azoxystrobin and prothioconazole (both common fungicides) are known to be slightly soluble in many commonly used solvents.

[0008] Thus, there remains a need for solvents suitable for use in emulsifiable concentrate formulations and in-water emulsion formulations that combine low phytotoxicity and generally non-hazardous (eg, non-irritating) properties with high solubility for a range of commonly used agrochemical active ingredients. Summary of the invention

[0009] The discovery of the present invention is that certain benzaldehyde-derived solvents combine low phytotoxicity and generally non-hazardous (eg, non-irritating) properties with high solubility for a range of commonly used agrochemical active ingredients.

[0010] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) comprising one or more pesticides, one or more emulsifiers and one or more solvents, wherein at least one of the one or more solvents has a structure according to formula (I):

[0011]

[0012] wherein R represents 0 to 5 substituents, wherein each example of R is selected from tritium, halogen, C 1 To C 10 Alkyl, aryl, OR 1 , and NR 1 2 A group consisting of each R 1 Selected from hydrogen and C 1 To C 10alkyl, and optionally, two instances of R may be linked to form a 5-membered or 6-membered ring.

[0013] In a further aspect, the present invention relates to an emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation comprising an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous phase, wherein the non-aqueous phase is the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) of the first aspect.

[0014] In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a compound having a structure according to formula (I) as a solvent in an agrochemical emulsifiable concentrate, preferably an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to the first aspect.

[0015]

[0016] wherein R represents 0 to 5 substituents, wherein each example of R is selected from deuterium, halogen, C 1 To C 10 Alkyl, aryl, OR 1 , and NR 1 2 A group consisting of each R 1 Selected from hydrogen and C 1 To C 10 alkyl, and optionally, two instances of R may be linked to form a 5-membered or 6-membered ring.

[0017] In a final aspect, the present invention relates to the use of an emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation according to the above further aspects for treating plants so as to maintain plant health without causing plant damage.

[0018] definition

[0019] Emulsifiable concentrates are typically optically transparent oily liquid formulations prepared by dissolving a certain amount of pesticide in an organic solvent (such as benzene, toluene, xylene and solvent naphtha), which may also contain surfactants (i.e., emulsifiers) and other additives. These concentrates are suitable for dispersion in an aqueous phase to form an emulsion-in-water formulation. Emulsifiable concentrates must be single-phase, i.e., the pesticide and any emulsifier must be completely soluble in the organic solvent at the concentration used.

[0020] An emulsion is a mixture of two or more generally immiscible liquids in which one liquid forms the dispersed phase, suspended as tiny droplets in another liquid (called the continuous phase). Emulsions are typically referred to as oil-in-water (i.e., water is the continuous phase) or water-in-oil (i.e., oil is the continuous phase). In the context of agrochemical formulations, oil-in-water emulsions (called water-in-emulsion formulations) are often used to disperse hydrophobic pesticides in fields of crop plants.

[0021] The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines a pesticide as "any substance or mixture of substances intended for use in preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any harmful organism." A pesticide can be a chemical or biological agent (such as a virus or bacteria) used against harmful organisms, including insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms), and microorganisms that compete with humans for food, destroy property, spread disease, or are otherwise a nuisance. In the context of agrochemical formulations, pesticides are used to actively target harmful organisms (typically fungi, insects, and / or weedy plants) without unduly damaging crop plants.

[0022] Phytotoxicity describes any adverse effect on plant growth, physiology or metabolism caused by a chemical or biological agent. In the context of agrochemical formulations, it is desirable to avoid phytotoxic properties so that the health of the crop plants is not affected.

[0023] In the context of the present invention, alkyl refers to both straight and branched alkyl chains, whereas aryl refers to any aromatic carbocyclic ring system, either a single ring (eg phenyl) or a fused ring system (eg naphthyl or anthracenyl). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) comprising one or more pesticides, one or more emulsifiers and one or more solvents, wherein at least one of the one or more solvents has a structure according to formula (I):

[0025]

[0026] wherein R represents 0 to 5 substituents, wherein each example of R is selected from deuterium, halogen, C 1 To C 10 Alkyl, aryl, OR 1 , and NR 1 2 A group consisting of each R 1 Selected from hydrogen and C 1 To C 10 alkyl, and optionally, two instances of R may be linked to form a 5-membered or 6-membered ring.

[0027] Solvents

[0028] An essential component of an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is one or more solvents.

[0029] At least one of the one or more solvents according to the present invention has a structure according to formula (I):

[0030]

[0031] wherein R represents 0 to 5 substituents, wherein each example of R is selected from deuterium, halogen, C 1 To C 10 Alkyl, aryl, OR 1 , and NR 1 2 A group consisting of each R 1 Selected from hydrogen and C 1 To C 10 alkyl, and optionally, two instances of R may be linked to form a 5-membered or 6-membered ring.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the one or more solvents according to the present invention has a structure according to formula (I):

[0033]

[0034] wherein R represents 0 to 5 substituents, wherein each example of R is selected from deuterium, halogen, C 1 To C 10 Alkyl, aryl, OR 1 , and NR 1 2 A group consisting of each R 1 Choose from C 1 To C 10 alkyl, and optionally, two instances of R may be linked to form a 5-membered or 6-membered ring.

[0035] R represents 0 to 5 substituents, i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents; however, preferably, R represents 0, 1, or 2 substituents, more preferably 1 or 2 substituents, alternatively 0 or 1 substituent, most preferably 1 substituent.

[0036] Each example of R is selected from deuterium, halogen, C 1 To C 10 Alkyl, aryl, OR 1 , and NR 1 2 A group consisting of each R 1 Selected from hydrogen and C 1 To C 10 alkyl, and optionally, two instances of R may be linked to form a 5-membered or 6-membered ring.

[0037] The 5-membered or 6-membered ring formed by the two instances of R may be a carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring. Preferred examples of carbocyclic rings include R=-(CH 2 ) 4 - and R=-(CH 2 ) 3-, and preferred examples of heterocyclic rings include R=-O(CH 2 ) 3 -、R=-O(CH 2 ) 2 O-, R=-O(CH 2 ) 2 -, and R=-OCH 2 O-. The carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring may also be aromatic, for example R = -(CH) 4 -、R=-N(CH) 3 -、R=-(CH)N(CH) 2 -、R=-(NR 1 )(CH) 2 -, and R=-(CH)(NR 1 )(CH)-.

[0038] Preferably, each instance of R is selected from C 1 To C 10 Alkyl, aryl and OR 1 The group consisting of, more preferably selected from C 1 To C 10 Alkyl and OR 1 A group consisting of each R 1 Selected from hydrogen and C 1 To C 10 Alkyl group.

[0039] Each R 1 Selected from hydrogen and C 1 To C 10 The group consisting of alkyl is preferably selected from hydrogen and C 1 To C 4 The group consisting of alkyl, more preferably selected from H, Me and Et, most preferably, R 1 It's methyl.

[0040] In one embodiment, it is preferred that each instance of R is selected from C 1 -C 4 Alkyl and OR 1 The group consisting of R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1 to C4 alkyl. In the embodiment, preferably, R represents 0, 1 or 2 substituents, more preferably 0 or 1 substituent, most preferably 1 substituent.

[0041] In another embodiment, it is preferred that each instance of R is selected from the group consisting of HO, EtO, MeO, Et, and Me. In said embodiment, it is preferred that R represents 0, 1 or 2 substituents, more preferably 0 or 1 substituent, and most preferably 1 substituent.

[0042] It is further preferred that each instance of R is OR 1 , where each R 1 Selected from hydrogen and C 1 To C 10 The group consisting of alkyl, more preferably selected from hydrogen and C 1 To C 4 alkyl, more preferably selected from H, Me and Et, most preferably, R 1 It's methyl.

[0043] It is particularly preferred that R represents a substituent and that the substituent is OMe.

[0044] Therefore, preferably, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of 2-anisaldehyde, 3-anisaldehyde and 4-anisaldehyde, and most preferably, the solvent is 4-anisaldehyde.

[0045] Alternatively, it may be preferred that R represents a substituent and that the substituent is OH.

[0046] Therefore, preferably, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (ie salicylaldehyde), 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and most preferably, the solvent is salicylaldehyde (ie 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde).

[0047] Alternatively, it may be preferred that R represents a substituent and that substituent is Me.

[0048] Therefore, preferably, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of 2-methylbenzaldehyde, 3-methylbenzaldehyde and 4-methylbenzaldehyde, and most preferably, the solvent is 4-methylbenzaldehyde.

[0049] Particularly preferred solvents according to formula (I) include benzaldehyde, 2-tolualdehyde, 3-tolualdehyde, 4-tolualdehyde, salicylaldehyde (i.e. 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde), 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-anisaldehyde (i.e. 2-methoxybenzaldehyde), 3-anisaldehyde, 4-anisaldehyde, 2-ethylbenzaldehyde, 3-ethylbenzaldehyde, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, and 4-tert-butylbenzaldehyde.

[0050] In one embodiment, the solvent according to formula (I) is benzaldehyde. In another embodiment, the solvent according to formula (I) is 2-tolualdehyde. In another embodiment, the solvent according to formula (I) is 3-tolualdehyde. In another embodiment, the solvent according to formula (I) is 4-tolualdehyde. In another embodiment, the solvent according to formula (I) is 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. In another embodiment, the solvent according to formula (I) is 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde. In another embodiment, the solvent according to formula (I) is 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. In another embodiment, the solvent according to formula (I) is 2-anisaldehyde. In another embodiment, the solvent according to formula (I) is 3-anisaldehyde. In another embodiment, the solvent according to formula (I) is 4-anisaldehyde. In another embodiment, the solvent according to formula (I) is 2-ethylbenzaldehyde. In another embodiment, the solvent according to formula (I) is 3-ethylbenzaldehyde. In another embodiment, the solvent according to formula (I) is 4-ethylbenzaldehyde. In another embodiment, the solvent according to formula (I) is 4-tert-butylbenzaldehyde.

[0051] Another advantage of solvents having a structure according to formula (I) is that they have a pleasant odor. For example, 4-anisaldehyde has a sweet fennel seed odor, 2-anisaldehyde has a liquorice odor, vanillin (3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) has a vanilla odor, 4-tolualdehyde has a cherry-like odor, and benzaldehyde itself has an almond odor. These odors mean that the resulting emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and emulsions prepared therefrom are more pleasant to use than many commercial amide-containing emulsifiable concentrate solvents, which typically have an unpleasant fishy odor.

[0052] Preferably, the solvent has a low solubility in water, thereby ensuring that an emulsion is formed, rather than a solution.

[0053] Therefore, it is preferred that the solvent has a water solubility of less than 1.00% w / w, more preferably less than 0.50% w / w, most preferably less than 0.30% w / w.

[0054] It is also preferred that the solvent has low phytotoxicity. This means that the presence of the solvent in the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and any emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation formed therefrom does not cause plant damage, more specifically does not cause plant damage to soybean plants.

[0055] In particular, it is preferred that the solvent has low phytotoxicity, wherein low phytotoxicity is defined as when an emulsion containing 99.0% w / w of water relative to the total weight of the emulsion and 1.0% w / w of a non-aqueous phase relative to the total weight of the emulsion (which contains 90% w / w of the solvent, 7.5% w / w of castor oil ethoxylate and 2.5% w / w of calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (each relative to the total weight of the non-aqueous phase)) does not cause greater plant damage than an aqueous solution of 0.075% w / w castor oil ethoxylate and 0.025% w / w calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (each relative to the total weight of the aqueous solution) when measured 14 days after application to soybean plants at an application rate of 200 L / hectare.

[0056] This is particularly important for agrochemical emulsifiable concentrates, since it improves the specificity of the resulting water-in-emulsion when applied to crop plants.Pesticides can actively target relevant pests (eg, insects, fungi or weed plants) while the crop plants are not adversely affected.

[0057] The total content of solvents having a structure according to formula (I) is preferably in the range of 10% w / w to 85% w / w, more preferably 15% w / w to 75% w / w, most preferably 25% w / w to 60% w / w relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC).

[0058] The one or more pesticides

[0059] Another essential ingredient of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is one or more pesticides.

[0060] The one or more pesticides of the present invention are not limited.

[0061] Each of the one or more pesticides can be any substance used to control pests, whether chemical or biological, such as insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, acaricides, rodenticides, nematicides, and miticides.

[0062] Well-known fungicides include the following classes:

[0063] A) Respiratory depressants

[0064] B) Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI fungicides)

[0065] C) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

[0066] D) Inhibitors of cell division and cytoskeleton

[0067] E) Amino Acids and Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

[0068] F) Signal transduction inhibitors

[0069] G) Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors

[0070] H) Inhibitors with multi-site action

[0071] I) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

[0072] J) Plant defense inducers

[0073] K) Unknown mode of action

[0074] L) Biopesticides

[0075] Examples of fungicides in categories A to L include:

[0076] A) Respiratory depressants

[0077] -In Q oComplex III inhibitors at the site: azoxystrobin (A.1.1), caryostrobin (A.1.2), syringostriatin (A.1.3), ethersstrobin (A.1.4), enestrobin (A.1.5), enestrobin (A.1.6), fenoxystrobin / flufenoxystrobin (A.1.7), fluoxastrobin (A.1.8), ethersstrobin (A.1.9), mandestrobin (A.1.10), oxazolidinone (A.1.11), oxazolidinone (A.1.12), oxazolidinone (A.1.13), oxazolidinone (A.1.14), oxazolidinone (A.1.5), oxazolidinone (A.1.6), fenoxystrobin / flufenoxystrobin (A.1.7), fluoxastrobin (A.1.8), ethersstrobin (A.1.9), mandestrobin (A.1.15), oxazolidinone (A.1.16), fenoxystrobin / flufenoxystrobin (A.1.7), fenoxystrobin (A.1.8), ethersstrobin (A.1.9), mandestrobin (A.1.16), fenoxystrobin (A.1.17), fenoxystrobin (A.1.18), fenoxystrobin (A.1.19), fenoxystrobin (A.1.2 ... .1.10), benzathine (A.1.11), orysastrobin (A.1.12), picoxystrobin (A.1.13), pyraclostrobin (A.1.14), oxathione (A.1.15), pyraclostrobin (A.1.16), trifloxystrobin (A.1.17), 2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide (A.1.18), pyraclostrobin (A.1.19), 19), triclopyricarb / chlorodincarb (A.1.20), oxadiazolone (A.1.21), fenamidone (A.1.21), methyl-N-[2-[(1,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-pyrazol-3-yl)oxymethyl]phenyl]-N-methoxy-carbamate (A.1.22), tetrazobactam (A.1.25), (Z, 2E)-5-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazole-3 -yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide (A.1.34), (Z,2E)-5-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide (A.1.35), pyrimidifen (A.1.36), pyrifosbifen (A.1.37), 2-(o-((2,5-dimethylphenyl-oxymethylene)phenyl)-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester (A.1.38);

[0078] -In Q i Complex III inhibitors of the site: cyazofamid (A.2.1), indazolesulfamide (A.2.2), 2-methylpropionic acid [(6S, 7R, 8R)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl] ester (A.2.3), pyridine oxamide (A.2.4), pyridine oxamide (A.2.5);

[0079] - Complex II inhibitors: oxadone (A.3.1), benzovinflumizone (A.3.2), bixafen (A.3.3), boscalid (A.3.4), carboxin (A.3.5), furamide (A.3.6), fluopyram (A.3.7), flutolanil (A.3.8), fluopyram (A.3.9), furopyram (A.3.10), isopyram (A.3.11), pyraclostrobin (A.3.12), oxadone (A.3.13), oxycarboxin (A.3.14), fluopyram (A.3.15), penthiopyrad (A.3.16), fluopyram hydroxylamide (A.3.17), Bifenthionil (A.3.18), fluazifop-butyl (A.3.19), chlorfenapyr (A.3.20), thiofuran (A.3.21), inpyrfluxam (A.3.22), pyrapropoyne (A.3.23), flufenoxam (A.3.28), N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.29), (E)-2-[2-[(5-cyano-2-methyl-phenoxy)methyl]phenyl]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoic acid methyl ester (A.3.30), isoflucypram (A.3.31), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.32), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.33), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.34), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide ( A.3.35), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.36), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-1,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.37), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-isobutyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.38), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-isobutyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.39), trifluoropyridinamine (A.3.24);

[0080] - Other respiratory inhibitors: diflunisal (A.4.1); nitrophenyl derivatives: binachlor (A.4.2), diflunisal (A.4.3), dinocap (A.4.4), fluazinam (A.4.5), dichlorvos (A.4.6), pyraclostrobin (A.4.7); organic metal compounds: triphenyltin salts, for example, triphenyltin acetate (A.4.8), triphenyltin chloride (A.4.9) or triphenyltin hydroxide (A.4.10); pyraclostrobin (A.4.11); silthiopyrad (A.4.12);

[0081] B) Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI fungicides)

[0082] -C14 demethylase inhibitors: triazoles: pentamethylenetetracycline (B.1.1), bifenthrin (B.1.2), branconazole (B.1.3), cyproconazole (B.1.4), oxadiazole (B.1.5), diniconazole (B.1.6), diniconazole-M (B.1.7), flufenoxazole (B.1.8), nitrobenzazole (B.1.9), fluquinconazole (B.1.10), flusilazole (B.1.11), flutriafol (B.1.12), hexaconazole (B.1.13), amide (B.1.14), cyproconazole (B.1.15), metconazole (B.1.17), nitrobenzazole (B.1.18), oxamidazole (B.1.19), paclobutrazol (B.1.20) , penconazole (B.1.21), propiconazole (B.1.22), prothioconazole (B.1.23), siloxane (B.1.24), tebuconazole (B.1.25), fluconazole (B.1.26), triadimefon (B.1.27), triazole (B.1.28), trichlorfon (B.1.29), oxathiapiprolin (B.1.30), 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-1-[5-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]-2-pyridyl]propan-2-ol (B.1.31), 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-1-[5-[4-( (B.1.32), fluopyram (B.1.33), ipfentrifluconazole (B.1.37), chlorfluanidazole (B.1.38), (2R)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (2S)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, 2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-5-(p-tolylmethyl)-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, 1.43); imidazole: imazalil (B.1.44), pyrimethanil (B.1.45), prochloraz (B.1.46), trifloxylidene (B.1.47); pyrimidine, pyridine, piperazine: chlorfenapyr (B.1.49), pyrimidine oxime (B.1.50), trifloxylidene (B.1.51), [3-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)isoxazol-4-yl]-(3-pyridyl)methanol (B.1.52), 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile (B.1.53), 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (B.1.54), 2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (B.1.55), methyl 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoate (B.1.56), methyl 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoate (B.1.57);.

[0083] -δ14-reductase inhibitors: 4-dodecyl-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (Aldimorph) (B.2.1), doxepin (B.2.2), doxepin acetate (B.2.3), fenpropimorph (B.2.4), chloranil (B.2.5), fenpropidin (B.2.6), powdery mildew (B.2.7), spiroxafil (B.2.8);

[0084] -3-Ketoreductase inhibitor: fenacetamide (B.3.1);

[0085] - Other sterol biosynthesis inhibitors: clofenac (B.4.1);

[0086] C) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

[0087] - Phenylamide or acylamino acid fungicides: benalaxyl (C.1.1), benalaxyl-M (C.1.2), kiralaxyl (C.1.3), metalaxyl (C.1.4), metalaxyl-M (C.1.5), furamide (C.1.6), oxadixyl (C.1.7);

[0088] - Other nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors: oxamexyl (C.2.1), octhiocarb (C.2.2), oxolinic acid (C.2.3), pyrimidine sulfonate (C.2.4), 5-fluorocytosine (C.2.5), 5-fluoro-2-(p-tolylmethoxy)pyrimidine-4-amine (C.2.6), 5-fluoro-2-(4-fluorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidine-4-amine (C.2.7), 5-fluoro-2-(4-chlorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidine-4-amine (C.2.8);

[0089] D) Inhibitors of cell division and cytoskeleton

[0090] - Tubulin inhibitors: benomyl (D.1.1), carbendazim (D.1.2), pyridachlometyl (D1.3), thiophanate (D.1.4), thiophanate-methyl (D.1.5), pyridachlometyl (D.1.6), N-ethyl-2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]butyramide (D.1.8), N-ethyl-2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylsulfanyl-acetamide (D.1.9), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)butyramide (D.1.10), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)- 2-Methoxy-acetamide (D.1.11), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-propyl-butyramide (D.1.12), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methoxy-N-propyl-acetamide (D.1.13), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylsulfanyl-N-propyl-acetamide (D.1.14), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methylsulfanyl-acetamide (D.1.15), 4-(2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-3-amine (D.1.16);

[0091] - Other cell division inhibitors: ethotripsy (D.2.1), ethaboxam (D.2.2), pencycuron (D.2.3), fluopyram (D.2.4), zoxamide (D.2.5), mefenoxam (D.2.6), pyriofenone (D.2.7), cyproconazole (D.2.8);

[0092] E) Amino Acids and Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

[0093] -Methionine synthesis inhibitors: cyprodinil (E.1.1), myclobutanil (E.1.2), pyrimethanil (E.1.3);

[0094] - Protein synthesis inhibitors: Blasticidin-S (E.2.1), Kasugamycin (E.2.2), Kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate (E.2.3), Midonomycin (E.2.4), Streptomycin (E.2.5), Oxytetracycline (E.2.6);

[0095] F) Signal transduction inhibitors

[0096] -MAP / histidine kinase inhibitors: flucloroimid (F.1.1), isoprodinil (F.1.2), procymidone (F.1.3), vinclozolin (F.1.4), fludioxonil (F.1.5);

[0097] -G protein inhibitor: quinoxyfen (F.2.1);

[0098] G) Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors

[0099] - Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors: Kewensan (G.1.1), Yidaobangjing (G.1.2), Dingfenfos (G.1.3), Daobangling (G.1.4);

[0100] -Lipid peroxidation: chloranil (G.2.1), pentachloronitrobenzene (G.2.2), tetrachloronitrobenzene (G.2.3), methyl tolclofos (G.2.4), biphenyl (G.2.5), chloranil (G.2.6), chlorfenapyr (G.2.7), zinc thiazole (G.2.8);

[0101] - Phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition: oxadiazine (G.3.1), flumorph (G.3.2), dimethomorph (G.3.3), pyrimorph (G.3.4), benzathiapiprolin (G.3.5), isoprofenamide (G.3.6), valeramide (G.3.7);

[0102] - Compounds and fatty acids that affect cell membrane permeability: propamocarb (G.4.1);

[0103] - Oxysterol binding protein inhibitors: fluoxapiprolin (G.5.1), fluoxapiprolin (G.5.3), 4-[1-[2-[3-difluoromethyl-5-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.4), 4-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.5), 4-[1-[2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.5), 4-[1-[2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.6), 4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]- N-Tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.7), 4-[1-[2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.8), 4-[1-[2-[5-(difluoromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl-pyridine -2-carboxamide (G.5.9), 4-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.10), (4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.11);

[0104] H) Inhibitors with multi-site action

[0105] - Inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture (H.1.1), copper (H.1.2), copper acetate (H.1.3), copper hydroxide (H.1.4), copper oxychloride (H.1.5), basic copper sulfate (H.1.6), sulfur (H.1.7);

[0106] -Thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam (H.2.1), mancozeb (H.2.2), maneb (H.2.3), metamidine (H.2.4), methanamide (H.2.5), propineb (H.2.6), thiram (H.2.7), maneb (H.2.8), ziram (H.2.9);

[0107] -Organochlorine compounds: captan (H.3.1), chlorothalonil (H.3.2), captan (H.3.3), captan (H.3.4), folpet (H.3.5), bacteriostatic (H.3.6), dichlorophenol (H.3.7), hexachlorobenzene (H.3.8), pentachlorophenol (H.3.9) and its salts, tetrachlorophthalide (H.3.10), tolylfluanid (H.3.11);

[0108] -Guanidine and others: guanidine (H.4.1), dodine (H.4.2), dodine free base (H.4.3), guazatine (H.4.4), guazatine acetate (H.4.5), guazatine octylamine (H.4.6), guazatine octylamine triacetate (H.4.7), guazatine trioctylbenzene sulfonate (H.4.8), dithianone (H.4.9), 2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone (H.4.10);

[0109] I) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

[0110] - Glucan synthesis inhibitors: validamycin (I.1.1), polyoxin (I.1.2);

[0111] -Melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilon (I.2.1), tricyclazole (I.2.2), cyproconazole (I.2.3), dicyclomet (I.2.4), pyraclostrobin (I.2.5);

[0112] J) Plant defense inducers

[0113] -Acibenzolar-S-methyl (J.1.1), thiabendazole (J.1.2), isothianid (J.1.3), thiazolamide (J.1.4), calcium prohexadione (J.1.5); phosphonates: ethyl phosphonic acid (J.1.6), ethyl phosphine aluminum (J.1.7), phosphorous acid and its salts (J.1.8), calcium phosphonate (J.1.11), potassium phosphonate (J.1.12), potassium or sodium bicarbonate (J.1.9), 4-cyclopropyl-N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)thiadiazole-5-carboxamide (J.1.10);

[0114] K) Unknown mode of action

[0115] -Bronnopol (K.1.1), mite killer (K.1.2), cyfluanid (K.1.3), cymoxanil (K.1.4), dazomethane (K.1.5), imidacloprid (K.1.6), dichlorocyanamide (K.1.7), dapoxetine (K.1.8), wild cypermethrin (K.1.9), wild cypermethrin methyl sulfate (K.1.10), diphenylamine (K.1.11), seed clothing ester (K.1.12), pyraclostrobin (K.1.13), fluazifop (K.1.14), flusulfuron (K.1.60), sulfaquinoxaline (K.1.15), fluthiazide (K.1.16), hypersensitive protein (K.1.17), sulfaquinoxaline (K.1.18), trichloromethylpyridine (K.1. 19), phthalocyanine (K.1.20), trifluoromethoxycarb (K.1.21), quinoline copper (K.1.22), propoxyquinoline (K.1.23), cintamidine (K.1.61), isobutyl ethoxyquinoline (K.1.24), chloranthracene (K.1.25), imidazobactam (K.1.26), N'-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine (K.1.27), N'-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine (K.1.28), N'-[4-[[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4 -thiadiazol-5-yl]oxy]-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.29), N'-(5-bromo-6-indan-2-yloxy-2-methyl-3-pyridyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.30), N'-[5-bromo-6-[1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.31), N'-[5-bromo-6-(4-isopropylcyclohexyloxy)-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.32), N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-phenylethoxy)-3-pyridyl ]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.33), N'-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine (K.1.34), N'-(5-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine (K.1.35), 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N-[4-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxy-acetamide (K.1.36), 3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine (pyraclostrobin) (K.1.37), 3-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine (K.1.38), 5-chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole (K.1.39), (Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenyl-prop-2-enoic acid ethyl ester (K.1.40), tetrazole pyridine (K.1.41), N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl 1-Methyl]-2-pyridyl]phenyl carbamate (K.1.42), N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamic acid but-3-ynyl ester (K.1.43), isopropylcarbamate (K.1.44), flutolanil (K.1.47), thiophanate-methyl (K.1.48), bromothionil (K.1.49), 2-(6-benzyl-2-pyridyl)quinazoline (K.1.50), 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4- methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-2-pyridyl]quinazoline (K.1.51), dichlorothiazide (K.1.52), N′-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.53), aminopyraclostrobin (K.1.54), fluopicolide (K.1.55), N′-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.56), N′-[4- (4,5-dichlorothiazol-2-yl)oxy-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.57), fludioxazole (K.1.58), N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenylthiocarboxamide (K.1.59), N-methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide (K.1.60; WO2018 / 177894, WO 2020 / 212513), N-((4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl)methyl)propanamide (K.1.62), 3,3,3-trifluoro-N-[[3-fluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide (K.1.63), 3,3,3-trifluoro-N-[[2-fluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide (K.1.64), N-[2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl]butanamide (K.1.65),65), N-[[2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-propionamide (K.1.66), 1-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (K.1.67), 1,1-diethyl-3-[[4-[5-[trifluoromethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (K.1.68), N,2-dimethoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propionamide (K.1.69), N-ethyl 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one (K.1.72), 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one (K.1.73), 4-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one (K.1.74), 4-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one (K.1.75), 4-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one (K.1.76), 4-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one (K.1.77), 4-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one (K.1.78), 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one (K.1.76), 5,5-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]morpholin-3-one (K.1.77), 3,3-dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one (K.1.78), 2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one (K.1.79), 3,3-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one (K.1.80), 2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one (K.1.81), ]methyl]piperidin-2-one (K.1.78), 2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]oxazin-3-one (K.1.79), 1-[[3-fluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]azepan-2-one (K.1.80), 4,4-dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one (K.1.81), 5-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one (K.1.82), ethyl 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxylate (K.1.83), N-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide (K.1.84), N,N-dimethyl-1-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine (K.1.85), N-methoxy-N-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide ( K.1.86), propyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide (K.1.87), N-methoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide (K.1.88), N-allyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propionamide (K.1.89), 3-ethyl-1-methoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (K.1.90), 1,3- dimethoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (K.1.91), N-allyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]acetamide (K.1.92), N-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide (K.1.93), 1-methyl-3-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (K.1.94), N'-[2-chloro-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N- Methyl-formamidine (K.1.95), N'-[2-chloro-4-[(4-methoxy-phenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.96), N'-[2-chloro-4-[(4-cyano-phenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.97), N'-[2,5-dimethyl-4-(o-tolylmethyl)phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.98), 6-chloro-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (K.1.99).99), 3-(3-bromo-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-6-chloro-N-[2-(2-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (K.1.100), 6-chloro-N-[2-(2-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (K.1.101), 6-chloro-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[2-(3,4-dimethyl 102), 6-chloro-3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (K.1.103), N-[2-(2-bromo-4-methyl-phenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-6-chloro-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (K.1.104);

[0116] L) Biopesticides

[0117] L1) Microbial pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, virucidal and / or plant defense activator activity: Pseudomonas sphaerocephalus, Aspergillus flavus, Aureobasidium brevis, Bacillus spp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens plantarum (also known as Bacillus velez), Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mohaivi, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus simplex, Bacillus haloges, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens var., Bacillus velez, Candida oleifera, Candida saitoana, Clavibactermichiganensis (bacteriophage), Shield mold, Cryptococcus parasiticus, Cryptococcus albus, Dilophosphora alopecuri, Fusarium oxysporum, Clonostachys roseaf.catenulate (also known as Gliocladium catenulatum), Glioma rosae, Lysozyme antibiotici, Lysozyme fungi, Metschnikowia drupesii, Microdochium dimerum, Microdochium sphaeroides, Muscodor albus, Bacillus alvei, Paenibacillus epiphyticus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Pantoea agglomerans, Penicillium bilairum, Macrocortisone, Pseudomonas species, Pseudomonas viridis, Pseudozyma flocculosa, Pichia anomala, Pythium oligandrum, Sphaerodes mycoparasitica, Streptomyces glaucum, Streptomyces lydicus, Streptomyces violaceus, Streptomyces leucoderma, Trichoderma spp. asperelloides), Trichoderma acanthosporum, Trichoderma amurensis, Trichoderma apical, Trichoderma gemsii, Trichoderma harmatum, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma polysporum, Trichoderma stromaticum, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma viride, Typhula phacorrhiza, Typhula dahliae, and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (avirulent strain);

[0118] L2) Biochemical pesticidal agents with fungicidal, bactericidal, virucidal and / or plant defense activator activity: hypersensitive proteins, Polygonum cuspidatum extracts;

[0119] L3) Microbial pesticides with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal and / or nematicidal activity: Agrobacterium radiobacterium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. ayuzawa, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israeli, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. wax moth, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstak, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. pseudoptera, Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria brucei, Burkholderia species, active purple bacteria (Chromobacterium subtsugae), codling moth granulovirus (CpGV), pseudocodling moth granulovirus (CrleGV), Flavobacterium species, cotton bollworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HearNPV), zea armyworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HzNPV), zea armyworm single capsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HzSNPV), bacteriotrophic nematode Heterorhabditis elegans, fumosomal spores, long-spored wax scale fungus (Lecanicillium longisporum), L.muscarium, Metarhizium anisopliae, Metarhizium anisopliae microspore variant, Metarhizium anisopliae locust variant, Nomura leishmanii, Paecilomyces fumosorum, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Paenibacillus japonicus, Pasteurella species, Pasteurella szabalensis, Pasteurella penetrantis, P.ramosa, P.thornea, P.usgae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Spodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SpliNPV), Steinmerella cerebri, Steinmerella niger, Sawfly nematode, Streptomyces flavoscens, Streptomyces tenuiflorus;

[0120] L4) Biochemical pesticides with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal, pheromone and / or nematicidal activity: L-carvone, citral, (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate, ethyl formate, (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoic acid ethyl ester (pear ester), (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal, heptyl butyrate, isopropyl myristate, lavandulyl senecioate, cis-jasmone, 2-methyl 1-butanol, methyl eugenol, methyl jasmonate, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol, acetate (E,Z) -2,13-octadecadien-1-ol ester, (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol, (R)-1-octen-3-ol, termite pheromone (pentatermanone), (E,Z,Z)-3,8,11-tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate, (Z)-7-tetradecen-2-one, (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenal, (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol, Chenopodium ambrosiodes extract, neem oil, Quillay extract;

[0121] L5) Microbial pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator, plant growth promoting and / or yield enhancing activity: Azospirillum agalactiae, Azospirillum brasiliensis, Azospirillum lipogenicum, Azospirillum iraqium, Azospirillum trehaliticum, Bradyrhizobium sp., Bradyrhizobium elsdenii, Bradyrhizobium sojae, Bradyrhizobium liaoningensis, Bradyrhizobium lupini, Delftia acidovorans, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Mesorhizobium sp., Rhizobium leguminosarum biotype bean, Rhizobium leguminosarum biotype trifolium, Rhizobium leguminosarum biotype faba bean, Rhizobium tropicalis, and Sinorhizobium meliloti;

[0122] Such fungicides, their preparation and their activity (eg against harmful fungi) are known (cf.: https: / / pesticidecompendium.bcpc.org / ); these substances are commercially available. The compounds described by IUPAC nomenclature, their preparation and their pesticidal activity are also known (see Can. J. Plant Sci. [Canadian Journal of Plant Science] 48 (6), 587-94, 1968; EP-A 141317; EP-A 152031; EP-A 226917; EP-A 243970; EP-A 256503; EP-A 428941; EP-A 532022; EP-A 1028125; EP-A 1035122; EP-A 1201648; EP-A 1122244, JP 2002316902; DE 19650197; DE 10021412; DE 102005009458; US 3,296,272; US3,325,503; WO 98 / 46608; WO 99 / 14187; WO 99 / 24413; WO 99 / 27783; WO 00 / 29404; WO 00 / 46148; WO 00 / 65913; WO 01 / 54501; WO 01 / 56358; WO 02 / 22583; WO 02 / 40431; WO 03 / 10149; WO 03 / 11853; WO 03 / 14103; WO 03 / 16286; WO 03 / 53145; WO 03 / 61388; WO 03 / 66609; WO 03 / 74491;WO 04 / 49804;WO 04 / 83193; WO 05 / 120234; WO 05 / 123689; WO 05 / 123690; WO 05 / 63721; WO 05 / 87772; WO 05 / 87773; WO 06 / 15866; WO 06 / 87325; WO 06 / 87343; WO 07 / 82098; WO 07 / 90624, WO 10 / 139271, WO 11 / 028657, WO 12 / 168188, WO 07 / 006670, WO 11 / 77514;WO 13 / 047749, WO 10 / 069882, WO 13 / 047441, WO 03 / 16303, WO 09 / 90181, WO 13 / 007767, WO 13 / 010862, WO 13 / 127704, WO 13 / 024009, WO 13 / 24010, WO 13 / 047441, WO 13 / 162072, WO 13 / 092224, WO 11 / 135833, CN 1907024, CN 1456054, CN103387541, CN 1309897, WO 12 / 84812, CN 1907024,WO 09094442,WO 14 / 60177, WO 13 / 116251, WO 08 / 013622, WO 15 / 65922, WO 94 / 01546, EP 2865265, WO 07 / 129454, WO 12 / 165511, WO 11 / 081174, WO 13 / 47441, WO 16 / 156241, WO 16 / 162265). ;

[0123] Well-known insecticides include the following classes M.1 to M.UN.

[0124] The following list of pesticides grouped according to the Mode of Action Classification of the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) shows possible combinations with which the compounds of the present invention can be used and with which they may produce potential synergistic effects:

[0125] M.1AChE inhibitor

[0126] M.2. GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists

[0127] M.3 Sodium channel modulator

[0128] M.4nAChR agonist

[0129] M.5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activator

[0130] M.6 Chloride channel activators from the avermectin and milbemycin classes

[0131] M.7 Juvenile hormone mimics, such as methoprene, methoprene, and methoprene

[0132] M.8 Various multi-site inhibitors

[0133] M.9 String organ TRPV channel modulator

[0134] M.10 Mite Growth Inhibitor

[0135] M.11 Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes

[0136] M.12 Mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor

[0137] M.13 Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation by interfering with the proton gradient

[0138] M.14nAChR channel blocker

[0139] M.15 Chitin Biosynthesis Inhibitor Type 0

[0140] M.16 Chitin biosynthesis inhibitor type 1

[0141] M.17 Molting Disruptor

[0142] M.18 Ecdysone receptor agonist

[0143] M.19 Octopamine receptor agonist

[0144] M.20 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitor

[0145] M.21METI acaricide and insecticide

[0146] M.22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker

[0147] M.23 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor

[0148] M.24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitor

[0149] M.25 Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitor

[0150] M.28 ryanodine receptor modulator

[0151] M.29: String Organ Regulator

[0152] M.30: bromofenac, flubendiamide, isoxathiapiprolin;

[0153] M.33 fluazifop;

[0154] M.UN.Unknown mode of action

[0155] Examples of insecticides of classes M.1 to M.UN include:

[0156] M.1AChE inhibitors: aldicarb, cotton boll carb, benfuracarb, butanone carb, butanone sulfone carb, carbaryl, carbofuran, butanone carb, ethylthiobencarb, fenbutyl, fenthiocarb, fenthiocarb, furamycin, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, cypermethrin, oxamycin, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, long-acting carb, mixed carb, XMC, cypermethrin, triazolam; acephate, methyl pyridinium, ethyl azinphos-methyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusin, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, methyl chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos / DDVP, dimethoate, dimethoate, methyl chlorpyrifos, disulfothion, E PN, ethion, propylamidophos, fenamidophos, fenamidophos, fenitrothion, fenthion, thiamethoxam, heptenephos, cyanimidophos, isopropylamidophos, O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylic acid isopropyl ester, isoxathion, malathion, aphidicide, methamidophos, methidathion, cypermethrin, monocrotophos, dibromophos, omethoate, sulfone, parathion, methyl parathion, fenthion, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, methyl pirimidophos, propylbromophos, methoprene, propylthion, pyraclofos, pyridazinphos, quinalphos, chlorpyrifos, butyl pirimidophos, dimethoate, terbufos, chlorpyrifos, methyl ethylamidophos, triazophos, trichlorfon, aphidicide;

[0157] M.2. GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists: cyclodiene organochlorine compounds: endosulfan, chlordane; phenylpyrazoles: ethiprole, fipronil, butenefipronil, pyrafluprole, pyriprole;

[0158] M.3 Sodium channel modulators: Pyrethroids: flumethrin, allethrin, dextro-cis-trans allethrin, dextro-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, k-bifenthrin, bio-allethrin, bio-allethrin S-cyclopentenyl, bio-resmethrin, acetothrin, cyfluthrin, β-cyfluthrin, flucythrin, lambda-cyfluthrin, gamma-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, ζ-cypermethrin, phenothrin, deltamethrin, enyne Pyrethrin, esfenvalerate, ether cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, flucyvalerate, flumethrin, t-fluvalinate, bromofluthrin, tefluthrin, imiprothrin, cyfluthrin, metofluthrin, methoxyfluthrin, ε-methoxyfluthrin, permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), pyrethrum, silafluthrin, tefluthrin, K-tefluthrin, tetrafluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin; sodium channel modulators, such as DDT, methoxychlor;

[0159] M.4nAChR agonists: neonicotinoids: acetamiprid, clothianidin, cyclohexanil, dimethoprim, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam; 4,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1-(2-oxiranylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-amine, (2E-)-1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N'-nitro-2-pentylideneaminoguanidine; 1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-5-propoxy-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine; nicotine; flufenoxanil; flupyrazone; triflubenzuron, bithiazines, flufenoxanil;

[0160] M.5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators: spinosyns, for example, spinosyn or spinosyn;

[0161] M.6 Chloride channel activators from the avermectin and milbemycin class, for example, abamectin, avermectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin or milbemectin;

[0162] M.7 Juvenile hormone mimetics, such as methoprene, methoprene, fenoxycarb, or pyriproxyfen;

[0163] M.8 Various multi-site inhibitors: CH 3 Br, other alkyl halides, nitrochloroform, sulfuryl fluoride, borax, tartar emetic;

[0164] M.9 String organ TRPV channel modulators: diprofen, pymetrozine; pyrifos;

[0165] M.10 Mite growth inhibitors: clofentezine, hexathiazox, fluazifop, etoxazole;

[0166] M.11 Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membrane: Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus and insecticidal proteins produced by them: Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, Bt crop proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34 / 35Ab1;

[0167] M.12 Mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors: diafenthiuron, organotin miticides, such as triazotin, tricyclazone, fenbutatin, propargite, trichlorobenzyl;

[0168] M.13 Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation by interfering with the proton gradient: chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramid;

[0169] M.14nAChR channel blockers: nereis toxin analogs, sulfamethoxazole, cartap hydrochloride, cypermethrin, and dimethoate;

[0170] M.15 Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors type 0, for example: bistrifluanuron, chlorpyrifos, diflubenzuron, fluazifop, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, flupyuron, perfluanid, flubenzuron, fluazifop, flufenoxuron, fluazifop;

[0171] M.16 Chitin biosynthesis inhibitor type 1: thiazolinone;

[0172] M.17 Molting disruptors: Diptera, cyromazine;

[0173] M.18 Ecdysone receptor agonists, such as methoxyfenozide, fenbumid, chlorfenozide, furanfenozide, and chlorfenozide;

[0174] M.19 Octopamine receptor agonist: amitraz;

[0175] M.20 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors: hydrazone, acequinoxaline, pyrimidifen; bifenazate;

[0176] M.21METI acaricides and insecticides, such as fenazaquin, fenpyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, and rotenone;

[0177] M.22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers: indoxacarb, metaflumizone, 2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide, N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)[4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide, N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, 2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide;

[0178] M.23 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, for example: spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat; methoxyfenethyl; spirodiclofen, 11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradec-11-ene-10-one, dispirodiclofen;

[0179] M.24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors: for example, aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, zinc phosphide, cyanide;

[0180] M.25 Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, such as cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, ethoxifen, pyraclostrobin;

[0181] M.28 Rhinoidine receptor modulators: chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclobromobenzene, flubendiamide, fluchlorantraniliprole, (R)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, (S)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2 ,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, methyl-2-[3,5-dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoyl]-1,2-dimethylhydrazine-carboxylate; N-[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole -2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; 3-chloro-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-[[(1-cyano-1-methylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; tetrachlorantraniliprole; tetrachlorantraniliprole; thiothraniliprole; N-[4-chloro-2 -[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; chlorfluanidazole; N-[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide;

[0182] M.29: String organ modulator: flonicamid;

[0183] M.30: bromofenac, flubendiamide, isoxathiapiprolin;

[0184] M.33 fluazifop;

[0185] M.UN. Mode of action unknown: afolan, azadirachtin, sulfamethoxam, benzyl methacrylate, bromocriptine, chloranil, cryolite, cyprodinil, dichlorothiazide, dicofol, fenthiocarb, flufenoxamide, flufenoxol, fluopyram, fluopyram, fluralan, metaldehyde, flufenoxone, mivorilaner, flubendiamide, piperonyl butoxide, trifluoromethylpyralid, thiophene, trifluorothiazide, umifoxolaner, 11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azabisspiro[4.2.4.2]-tetradeca-11- 1-en-10-one, 3-(4'-fluoro-2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[[2,6-dibromo-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide, 4-cyano-3-[(4-cyano-2-methyl-benzoyl)amino]-N-[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-benzamide, N-[5-[[[2-chloro- 6-cyano-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide, N-[5-[[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide, N-[5-[[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide, 4-cyano -N-[2-cyano-5-[[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide, 1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine, N-[5-[[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide, 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[[2,6-Dichloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide, based on the active ingredient of bacillus firmus (Votivo, I-1582); trifluoroimidamide; 5-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenoxy]propoxy]-1H-pyrazole; N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)-propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide; 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,3 ,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)-propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide; 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide; N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide;

[0186] 2-(1,3-dioxane-2-yl)-6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-pyridine; 2-[6-[2-(5-fluoro-3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine; 2-[6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine; N-methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide; N-methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide; 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-5-methoxy-7-methyl-8-nitro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine; 1 -[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-5-ol; N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)[4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide; 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-5-methoxy-7-methyl-8-nitro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine; 2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-(2-pyrimidinylmethyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; chlorpyrifos; sarolanab, lotiranab; N-[4-chloro-3-[[(phenylmethyl)amino]carbonyl [4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine; N-[4-chloro-3-[[(phenylmethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridinyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine; 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine; N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2 -methyl-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide, N-[4-chloro-3-[(1-cyanocyclopropyl)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; benzpyrimoxan; tigolaner; oxazosulfuronidazole; [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-propoxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate;[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-propoxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl] [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate 2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; (2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one, (2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(1,1 , (2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one, (2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one;2-(6-chloro-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(6-bromo-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-6-iodo-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(7-chloro-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine b]pyridine, 2-(7-chloro-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-7-iodo-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 3-ethylsulfonyl-6-iodo-2-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-8-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl -6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine, 2-(6-bromo-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine; N-[[2-fluoro-4-[(2S,3S)-2-hydroxy-3 -(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide; 2-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfinyl)phenyl]imino-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thiazolidin-4-one; flupenthixol, N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-2-methylsulfonyl-propionamide, trifluoropyridinamide; N-[4-chloro-3-[(1-cyanocyclopropyl)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-4-methylsulfonyl-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide, cyprofenamide, tolfanil;1,4-dimethyl-2-[2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2h-indazol-5-yl]-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione, 2-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfanyl)phenyl]imino-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thiazolidine-4-one, indazole amide, N-[4-chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazolidine oxazol-5-yl]-N-ethyl-3-methylsulfonyl-propionamide, N-cyclopropyl-5-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]isoquinoline-8-carboxamide, 5-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl] -N-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)isoquinoline-8-carboxamide, N-[1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, 5-((1R,3R)-3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropane-1-carboxamido)-2-chloro-N-(3-(2,2-difluoroacetamido)-2,4 -difluorophenyl)benzamide, 1-[6-(2,2-difluoro-7-methyl-[1,3]dioxacyclo[4,5-f]benzimidazol-6-yl)-5-ethylsulfonyl-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile, 6-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)-2,2-difluoro-7-methyl-[1,3]dioxacyclo[4,5-f]benzimidazole. ;

[0187] The commercially available compounds M listed above can be found in The Pesticide Manual, 18th edition, C. MacBean, British Crop Protection Council (2018) or http: / / bcpcdata.com / pesticide-manual.html, http: / / ww.alanwood.net / pesticides.

[0188] The active compounds described by IUPAC nomenclature are known from: CN103814937; WO2013 / 003977, WO2007 / 101369, WO2018 / 177970, CN10171577, CN102126994, WO2007 / 101540, WO2007 / 043677, WO201 1 / 085575、WO2008 / 134969、WO2012 / 034403、WO2006 / 089633、WO2008 / 067911、WO2006 / 043 635、WO2009 / 124707、WO2013 / 050317、WO2010 / 060379、WO2010 / 127926、WO2010 / 006713、W O2012 / 000896, WO2007 / 101369, WO2012 / 143317, WO2015 / 038503, EP2910126, WO2015 / 059 039、WO2015 / 190316、WO2012 / 126766、WO2009 / 102736、WO2013 / 116053、WO2018 / 052136、WO 2015150252, WO 2020055955, WO 2021158455, WO 2013092350, WO201811111, EP3608311, WO 2019236274, WO 2013092350, WO 2018052136, WO2009102736, WO 2016174049, WO 2012126766, CN106554335, WO 2017054524, CN105153113, WO 2022072650; WO 2018071327, WO 2022101502, WO 2012158396, WO 2007079162, WO2020013147.

[0189] Well-known herbicides include the following classes b1) to b15):

[0190] b1) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors;

[0191] b2) acetolactate synthase inhibitors (ALS inhibitors);

[0192] b3) photosynthesis inhibitors;

[0193] b4) protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase inhibitors,

[0194] b5) bleaching agent herbicides;

[0195] b6) Enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase inhibitors (EPSP inhibitors);

[0196] b7) glutamine synthetase inhibitors;

[0197] b8) 7,8-dihydropteroate synthase inhibitors (DHP inhibitors);

[0198] b9) mitotic inhibitors;

[0199] b10) Very long chain fatty acid synthesis inhibitors (VLCFA inhibitors);

[0200] b11) cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors;

[0201] b12) decoupler herbicide;

[0202] b13) auxin herbicides;

[0203] b14) auxin transport inhibitors; and

[0204] b15) Other herbicides

[0205] Examples of herbicides of groups b1) to b14) include:

[0206] b1) From the group of lipid biosynthesis inhibitors:

[0207] ACC-herbicides, such as fenpyroxil, fenpyroxil-sodium, fenpyroxil, clethodim, clodinafop-butyl, clodinafop-butyl-propargyl, cyhalofop-butyl, cyhalofop-butyl-butyl, fenpyroxil, fenpyroxil-methyl, oxadiazine, oxadiazine-ethyl, fenoxaprop-butyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-butyl-butyl, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-butyl-butyl, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-methyl, fluazifop-butyl-methyl, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-methyl-methyl, metamifop, pinoxaden, cypermethrin, cyhalofop-butyl-butyl, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-tetrahydrofurfuryl, quinacridone Zanthoxylum, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-tetrahydrofurfuryl, sethoxydim, pyraclostrobin, oxaclostrobin, 4-(4′-chloro-4-cyclopropyl-2′-fluoro[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one (CAS1312337-72-6); 4-(2′,4′-dichloro-4-cyclopropyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one (CAS1312337-45-3); 4-(4′-chloro-4-ethyl-2′-fluoro[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one (CAS1312337-45-3); )-5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one (CAS1033757-93-5); 4-(2′,4′-dichloro-4-ethyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3,5(4H,6H)-dione (CAS1312340-84-3); 5-(acetyloxy)-4-(4′-chloro-4-cyclopropyl-2′-fluoro[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3-one (CAS1312337-48-6); 5-(Acetyloxy)-4-(2′,4′-dichloro-4-cyclopropyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3-one (CAS 1312340-82-1); 5-(Acetyloxy)-4-(2′,4′-dichloro-4-ethyl-2′-fluoro[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-3-one (CAS 1033760-55-2);4-(4′-chloro-4-cyclopropyl-2′-fluoro[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-5-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl carbonate methyl ester (CAS1312337-51-1); 4-(2′,4′-dichloro-4-cyclopropyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-5-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl carbonate methyl ester; 4-(4′-chloro-4-ethyl-2′-fluoro[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-5-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl carbonate methyl ester (CAS1312340-83-2) ; 4-(2′,4′-dichloro-4-ethyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-5-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl carbonate (CAS 1033760-58-5); and non-ACC herbicides such as benfuresate, butylate, cycloate, dalapon, pyraclostrobin, EPTC, pentocarb, ethoxyfuroxan, tetrafluoropropionic acid, molinate, orbencarb, pebulate, benfuresate, TCA, molinate, orbencarb, ernolate, and ernolate;

[0208] b2) From the group of ALS inhibitors:

[0209] Sulfonylureas, such as sulfamethoxazole, tetrazosulfuron-methyl, benzylsulfuron-methyl, benzylsulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorimuron, ethoxysulfuron-methyl, cyprosulfuron-methyl, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron-methyl, flazasulfuron-methyl, flutosulfuron-methyl, flutosulfuron-methyl, flutosulfuron-methyl-sodium, foramsulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-methyl, chlorimuron-methyl, chlorimuron-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, disulfuron acid, azine metazosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, pyrimidosulfuron-methyl, oxasulfuron-methyl, primisulfuron-methyl, primisulfuron-methyl, promazinesulfuron-methyl, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, sulfasulfuron-methyl, sulfasulfuron-methyl, sulfasulfuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulfuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-methyl and trifloxysulfuron,

[0210] imidazolinones such as imazapic, imazapic-methyl, imazapic-methyl, imazapic-methyl, imazapic-pyr, imazapic-pyr, imazapic-quin and imazapic-pyr, triazolopyrimidine herbicides, and sulfonanilides such as clofosulphonic acid, clofosulphonic acid-methyl, bisclosulam, fluazifop, bispyribac, sulfamethoxam, penoxsulam, pyrimisulfan and pyrimisulfan,

[0211] Pyrimidinyl benzoates, such as bispyribac-sodium, bispyribac-sodium, pyrimidinylsulfuron, pyrimidinylsulfuron, pyrimidinylsulfuron acid, pyrimidinylsulfuron acid-methyl, pyrimidinylsulfuron, pyrimidinylsulfuron-sodium, 4-[[[2-[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]phenyl]methyl]amino]-benzoic acid-1-methylethyl ester (CAS 420138-41-6), 4-[[[2-[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]phenyl]methyl]amino]-benzoic acid propyl ester (CAS 420138-40-5), N-(4-bromophenyl)-2-[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]benzylamine (CAS 420138-01-8),

[0212] Sulfonylaminocarbonyl-triazolinone herbicides such as flucarbazone, flucarbazone-sodium, propoxycarbazone, propoxycarbazone-sodium, thiamethoxam acid and thiamethoxam methyl; and flucarbazone;

[0213] b3) From the group of photosynthesis inhibitors:

[0214] Amitriptyline, inhibitor of photosystem II, 1-(6-tert-butylpyrimidin-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (CAS 1654744-66-7), 1-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (CAS 1637455-12-9), 1-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-4-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (CAS 1-(5-tert-butyl-1-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (CAS1654057-29-0), 1-(5-tert-butyl-1-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-pyrrol-5-one (CAS1654747-80-4), 4-hydroxy-1-methoxy-5-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]imidazolidin-2-one;(CAS2023785-78-4), 4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]imidazolidin-2-one (CAS 2023785-79-5), 5-ethoxy-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]imidazolidin-2-one (CAS1701416-69-4), 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]imidazolidin-2-one (CAS1708087-22-2), 4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-3-[1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-3-yl]imidazolidin-2-one (CAS2023785-80-8), 1-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-4 -ethoxy-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-imidazolidin-2-one (CAS 1844836-64-1), triazine herbicides, including chlorotriazines, triazinones, triazindiones, methylthiotriazines, and pyridazinones, such as ametryn, atrazine, chloranil, cyanazine, dichlorvos, isopentyl, hexazinone, metribuzin, prometon, prometryn, propazine, simazine, simetrazine, simeton ... ryn), terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn and trietazin, aryl ureas such as chlorbromid, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, oxazoluron, diuron, fluuron, isoproturon, isoxuron, linuron, metamitron, methylbenzenesulfuron, pyranuron, methoxuron, chlorothiazuron, cypermethrin, thiamethoxam and thiadiazuron, phenyl carbamates such as desmedipham, terbuthylazine karbutilat, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, nitrile herbicides such as bromofenoxim, bromoxynil and its salts and esters, iodoxynil and its salts and esters, uracils such as chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and terpyrifos, as well as bentazone and bentazone-sodium, pyridate, pyridafol, meclofenamide and propanil, and inhibitors of photosystem I such as diquat, diquat-dibromide, paraquat, paraquat-dichloride and paraquat-bis-methylsulfate. ;

[0215] b4) from the group of protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase inhibitors:

[0216] Acifluorfen, Acifluorfen Sodium, Azopyralid, Benzosulfuron, Bifenpyralid, Methoxyfenoxam, Fluazifop-butyl, Triadimefon-butyl, Methoxyfenoxam, Chloroaniline, Indolecarb, Cyproconazole, Isopropylpyraclostrobin, Flupyridazine, Flupyridazine Ethyl, Fluoxetine, Fluimifenac, Fluoxetine Ethyl, Fluazifop-butyl, Fluoxetine, Fluazifop-butyl, Fluoxetine, Fluazifop-butyl, Fluazifop-butyl, Fluazifop-butyl, Fluazifop-butyl, Fluazifop-butyl, Fluazifop-butyl, Fluazifop-butyl, Fluazifop-butyl, Fluazifop-butyl, Fluazifop-butyl, Fluazifop-butyl, Fluazifop-butyl, Fluazifop-butyl, Fluazifop-butyl Amitraz, flunisulfuron, lactofen, oxadiazine, oxadiazine, oxyfluorfen, cyclopentadiazine, flufenacet, bispyribac, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin acid, pyraclostrobin, benzasulfuron, sulfentrazone, thiamethoxam, fluazifop-butyl, trifluoperazine, fluazifop-butyl, N-ethyl-3-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide (CAS 452098-92-9), N-tetrahydrofurfuryl-3-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide (CAS 915396-43-9), N-ethyl-3-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide (CAS 452099-05-7), N-tetrahydrofurfuryl-3-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide (CAS 452100-03-7), 3-[7-fluoro-3-oxo-4-(prop-2-ynyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-6-yl]-1,5-dimethyl-6-thioxo-[1,3,5]triazinane-2,4-dione (CAS 451484-50-7), 2-(2,2,7-trifluoro-3-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-isoindole-1,3-dione (CAS1300118-96-0), 1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-3-(2,2,7-trifluoro-3-oxo- 4-prop-2-ynyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione (CAS1304113-05-0), (E)-4-[2-chloro-5-[4-chloro-5-(difluoromethoxy)-1H-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl]-4-fluoro-phenoxy]-3-methoxy-but-2-enoic acid methyl ester (CAS 948893-00-3) and 3-[7-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-4-yl]-1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione (CAS212754-02-4)

[0217] b5) From the group of the bleaching agent herbicides:

[0218] PDS inhibitors: flutolanil, flutolanil, flupyralidone, flurochloridone, furochloridone, norflurazon, flutolanil, 4-(3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyrimidine (CAS180608-33-7), rimisoxafen, HPPD inhibitors: benzobicyclon, benzofenap, flutolanil, clomazone, fenquinone, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, oxotrione (CAS1486617-21-3), pyrasulfone, Pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tefuryltrione, pyraclostrobin, pyrazone-butyl, fenpyrazone, cypyrafluone, tripyrasulfone, benquitrione; bleaching agents, unknown target: aclonifen, cyproconazole, flumeturon, 2-chloro-3-methylsulfanyl-N-(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (CAS 1361139-71-0), bixlozone and 2-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)methyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone (CAS 81778-66-7);

[0219] b6) From the group of EPSP synthase inhibitors:

[0220] glyphosate, glyphosate-isopropylammonium, glyphosate-potassium, and glyphosate-trimethylsulfide (glyphosate-sulfide);

[0221] b7) From the group of glutamine synthase inhibitors:

[0222] Bialaphos (bialaphos), bialaphos-sodium, glufosinate, glufosinate-fine, and glufosinate-ammonium;

[0223] b8) From the group of DHP synthase inhibitors:

[0224] Asulam;

[0225] b9) From the group of mitotic inhibitors:

[0226] K1 group compounds: dinitroanilines, such as fluazifop, butamido, dimethalin, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine and trifluralin, phosphamides, such as chlorthal, chlorthal-methyl and butamiphos, benzoic acid herbicides, such as chlorthal and chlorthal-dimethyl, pyridines, such as dithiopyr and thiamethoxam, benzamides, such as propyzamide and tebutam; K2 group compounds: carbetamide, chlorpropamide, propyzamide, propyzamide-isopropyl, propyzamide-methyl, propyzamide-M-isopropyl, propyzamide-M-methyl and propyzamide

[0227] b10) from the group of VLCFA inhibitors:

[0228] Chloroacetamides, such as acetochlor, alachlor, acetamiprid, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-S, metazachlor, metolachlor, metolachlor-S, pethoxamid, pretilachlor, chloranil, propisochlor, and thenylchlor, oxyacetanilides, such as flufenacet and mefenacet, Acetanilides, such as diphenamid, naproxenamide, naproxenamide and dichlorvos, tetrazolinones, such as fentrazamide, and other herbicides, such as anilofos, cafenstrole, fenoxasulfone, ipfencarbazone, pyroxasulfone, dimethoate and isoxazoline compounds of formula II.1, II.2, II.3, II.4, II.5, II.6, II.7, II.8 and II.9

[0229]

[0230]

[0231] Isoxazoline compounds of formula (II) are known in the art, for example from WO 2006 / 024820, WO 2006 / 037945, WO 2007 / 071900 and WO 2007 / 096576;

[0232] b11) from the group of the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors:

[0233] Chlorthiamid, dichlobenil, fluazifop, indazine fluazifop, isoxaben, triazine fluazifop and 1-cyclohexyl-5-pentafluorophenoxy-14-[1,2,4,6]thiatriazine-3-ylamine (CAS 175899-01-1);

[0234] b12) from the group of the decoupling herbicides:

[0235] Dinoseb, dinoterb and DNOC and their salts;

[0236] b13) from the group of the auxin herbicides:

[0237] 2,4-D and its salts and esters, such as clacyfos, 2,4-DB and its salts and esters, aminocyclopyrachlor and its salts and esters, aminopyralid and its salts, such as aminopyralid-dimethylammonium, aminopyralid-tri(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium and its esters, benazolin, benazolin-ethyl, chloramben and its salts and esters, chloroformyl Clomeprop, clopyralid and its salts and esters, dicamba and its salts and esters, dichlorprop and its salts and esters, 2,4-dichlorprop and its salts and esters, flopyrauxifen, fluroxypyr, flopyrauxifen butoxyisopropyl, flopyrauxifen ethylhexyl, halauxifen and its salts and esters (CAS 943832-60-8); MCPA and its salts and esters, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB and its salts and esters, mecoprop and its salts and esters, s-methyltetrachloropropionic acid and its salts and esters, picloram and its salts and esters, quinclorac, quinmerac, TBA (2,3,6) and its salts and esters, triclopyr and its salts and esters, florpyrauxifen, florpyrauxifen-benzyl (CAS 1390661-72-9) and 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)picolinic acid (CAS 1629965-65-6)

[0238] b14) from the group of auxin transport inhibitors: diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr-sodium, naptalam and naptalam-sodium;

[0239] b15) From the group of other herbicides: bromobutyric acid sulfamethoxam, chloranil, chloranil methyl ester, cyproconazole, benzyluron, cyclopyrimorate and its salts and esters, dalapon, dazomethon, difluanid, difluanid-methyl sulfonate, thiamethoxam, DSMA, cypermethrin, cypermethrin and its salts, ethoxybenzone, chloranil, chloranil butyl ester, furapyrrol, cypermethrin, chloranil ammonium, indole, maleic hydrazide, fluazifop, metamidine, isoxathiapiprolin, methyl azide, methyl bromide, methyl-cypermethrin, methyl iodide, MSMA, oleic acid, oxazithromycin, nonanoic acid, chloranil, tetrafluanid, chloranil, 6-chloro-4-(2,7-dimethyl-1-naphthyl)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-pyridazin-3-one (CAS 2414510-21-5).

[0240] Additionally, safeners (C), which themselves have no herbicidal activity, can be used in combination with herbicides to protect crops during spraying without reducing the herbicidal effect on weeds (e.g., by helping the crop metabolize the herbicide). Safeners are not always necessary but can be helpful.

[0241] Safeners are chemical compounds that prevent or reduce damage to useful plants without having a significant impact on the herbicidal action of the herbicidal active components of the composition of the invention against unwanted plants. They can be applied before sowing of useful plants (e.g., on seed treatment, branches or seedlings) or before or after emergence. Safeners and herbicides B can be applied simultaneously or sequentially.

[0242] Thus, any of the above-mentioned herbicides can be used in combination with a safener, preferably a safener selected from the list consisting of: (quinolin-8-oxy)acetic acid, 1-phenyl-5-haloalkyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid, 1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-5-alkyl-1H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid, 4,5-dihydro-5,5-diaryl-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid, dichloroacetamide, α-oximinophenylacetonitrile, acetophenone oxime, 4,6-dihalo-2-phenylpyrimidine, N-[[4-(aminocarbonyl)phenyl]sulfonyl]-2-benzamide, 1,8-naphthalene dicarboxylic anhydride, 2-halo-4 -(haloalkyl)-5-thiazolecarboxylic acids, phosphorthiolates and N-alkyl-O-phenylcarbamates and agriculturally acceptable salts thereof and agriculturally acceptable derivatives thereof such as amides, esters and thioesters (provided that they have an acid group), oxazolidinone, oxalic acid, oxaclorac, cyproconazole, cyclohexane, cyclohexanesulfonamide, dichloropropene, bicyclazole, pyrazophos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, fluazifop, oxadiazole, isoxadiazole, pyrazoline oxalic acid, fenphenacyl, naphthalene dicarboxylic anhydride, oxalic acid nitrile, 4 (dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azaspiro [4.5] decane (MON4660, CAS 71526-07-3), 2,2,5-trimethyl-3-(dichloroacetyl)-1,3-oxazolidine (R 29148, CAS 52836-314), oxalylsulfonamide and BPCMS (CAS 54091-06-4).

[0243] Agriculturally acceptable salt

[0244] If the herbicidal compounds B and / or safeners C as described herein have ionizable functional groups, they can also be employed in the form of their agriculturally acceptable salts. Suitable are generally salts of those cations and acid addition salts of those acids whose cations and anions, respectively, have no adverse effect on the activity of the active compounds.

[0245] Active compounds B and active compounds C of groups b1) to b15) are known herbicides and safeners, see, for example, The Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (http: / / www.alanwood.net / pesticides / ); Farm Chemicals Handbook 2000, Vol. 86, Meister Publishing Company, 2000; B. Hock, C. Fedtke, RR Schmidt, Herbizide [Herbicides], Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1995; WH Hanens, Herbicide Handbook, 7th edition, Weed Science Society of America, 1994; and KK Hatzios, Herbicide Handbook, Supplement to 7th edition, Weed Science Society of America, 1998. 2,2,5-Trimethyl-3-(dichloroacetyl)-1,3-oxazolidine [CAS No. 52836-31-4] is also known as R-29148. 4-(Dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane [CAS No. 71526-07-3] is also known as AD-67 and MON 4660.

[0246] The active compounds were assigned to the corresponding mechanisms of action based on current knowledge. If several mechanisms of action were applicable to an active compound, this substance was assigned to only one mechanism of action.

[0247] Suitable insecticides may preferably be selected from the group consisting of neonicotinoids, bisamides, benzoylureas and carbamates.

[0248] It is particularly preferred that each insecticide is selected from the group consisting of fenoxycarb, piperonyl butoxide, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb sulfone, pirimicarb, chlorantraniliprole, terbufos, quinalphos, difenophos, phosmet, carbaryl, etoxazole, thiamethoxam, flonicamid, efenprox, phorate, profenofos, parathion, methyl parathion, acephate, disulfothion, fenthion, cypermethrin, fipronil, propoxur, methomyl, pymetrozine, oxamyl, fluvalinate, cypermethrin, cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, tetramethrin, prallethrin (mixture of isomers), permethrin (mixture of isomers), flumethrin ( mixture of isomers), pyrethrins (mixture of isomers), spinetoram (J), avermectins (mixture of isomers), fenobucarb (BPMC), methiocarb, isoprocarb (MIPC), spirotetramat, spinosad, trichlorfon, fenamiphos sulfoxide, fenamiphos sulfone, 3-hydroxyfuradan, aldrin, DDE (pp′), DDD (op), DDD (pp′), DDE (op), DDT (op′), dieldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone, isoaldrin, chlordecone, or mirex (dodecachlorooctahydro-1H-1,3,4-(cyclomethantriyl)cyclobuta[cd]pentadiene).

[0249] Suitable herbicides may preferably be selected from the group consisting of triazines and other photosystem 2 inhibitors, 2,6-dinitroanilines, ACCase inhibitors, PPO inhibitors, synthetic auxins, sulfonylureas, bipyridinium herbicides, chloroacetanilides, triazolopyrimidines, pyrazoles and herbicide safeners.

[0250] It is particularly preferred that each herbicide is selected from paclobutrazol, diuron, linuron, isoproturon, alachlor, dimethoate, chlorpropamide, 2,4,5-t-propionic acid, bentazon, isopropylamine, propazine, bromid, 2,4-DB, oxadiazine, fluazifop-butyl, chlorpyrifos, simazine, atrazine, desethyl atrazine, or metribuzin.

[0251] Suitable fungicides may preferably be selected from the group consisting of pyrimidines, anilinopyrimidines, triazoles and other sterol demethylation inhibitors, triazolopyrimidines, MAP kinase inhibitors, strobilurins, adenosine deaminase inhibitors, pyrazoles and carboxamides.

[0252] It is particularly preferred that each fungicide is selected from the group consisting of triadimefon, boscalid, oxadiazine, cyproconazole, triadimefon, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, ethiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, tetrafluconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, trichlorfon, 2-aminobutane, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, 2-phenylphenol (OPP), allethrin, clofonate, antifungal, azoxystrobin, bensulfuron, bensulfuron, benomyl, benomyl, binacarb, biphenyl, blasticidin-S, pyrimidine sulfonate, butyric acid, calcium polysulfide, captol, captan, carbendazim, carboxin, caproxan, quinthiocarb, chlorpyrifos ... Anthracene, nitrochloroform, thiocarb, ethiophanate-methyl, thiocarb, cyazolin, cymoxanil, cyprodinil, siroxithrin, dichlorofen, dichlorocyanamide, antifungal, dazolin, chloranil, ethotripsy, fluazifop, dimethomorph, dimethomorph, diphenylamine, bispyribac, dimethoate, dithiocarb, dithiocarb, dithiopyr, docozolin, hydrazine, dichlorvos, ethotripsy ... , flutolanil, foltan, fosetyl-aluminum, tetrachlorophthalide, furalaxyl, seed dressing amine, biguanide salt, hexachlorobenzene, imazalil, biguanide octyl, isothiocyanate (IBP), isoprodinil, propineb, rice blast, kasugamycin, copper preparations (such as copper hydroxide, copper cyclohexane, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, copper oxide, quinoline copper and Bordeaux mixture), mancozeb, mancozeb, maneb, myraclostrobin, kresoxim-butyl, oxadiazine, metalaxyl, sulfamethoxam, furaflam, mesoxam, fenthion, mefenamic acid, mefenamic acid, thiabendazole, myclobutanil, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, phthalocyanine, chlorpyrifos, furamide, oxadixyl, oxamocar b. Oxycarboxin, pyraclostrobin, pencuron, chlorpyrifos, picoxystrobin, natamycin, pyraclostrobin, polyoxin, thiabendazole, procymidone, propamocarb, propineb, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrimidine, pyrimethanil, pyraquinone, pyraquinone, pyrimethanil, pyraquinone, phenoxyquinoline, pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), silthiopyrad, spiroxabiodinium, sulfur and sulfur preparations, chlorpyrifos, tetrachloronitrobenzene, thiabendazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, methyl tolclofos, tolylfluanid, imidazobactam, salicystrobin, tricyclazole, isotrimorph, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, trimethoprim-butyl, cypermethrin, vincamyl, mancozeb, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, or benzylbendazole.

[0253] Suitable acaricides may preferably be selected from tebufenpyrad, aldicarb, methyl azinphos-methyl, trithion, dimethoate, dicrotophos, triazophos, malathion, phosalone, methidathion, hexathiazox, propargyl, spirodiclofen, methamidophos, monocrotophos, fenthion, methyl pirimiphos, epn, dichlorvos, ethion, fenitrothion, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, sulfamethoxam, pyridaben, cypermethrin, bifenazate, spiromesifen, fenpyroximate (mixture of isomers), acequinoxaline, or carbofuran.

[0254] One suitable rodenticide is coumaphos.

[0255] One suitable nematicide is ethoprophos.

[0256] A suitable acaricide is clofentezine.

[0257] In the context of the agrochemical emulsifiable concentrate, the one or more pesticides are preferably selected from the group consisting of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and combinations thereof, wherein examples of each type of pesticide may be as defined above and below.

[0258] It is particularly preferred that at least one of the one or more pesticides is selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, oxyfluorfen, difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin, propiconazole, cyproconazole, flufenacetate, epoxiconazole, trifloxystrobin, oxaclostrobin, fenbuconazole and tebuconazole.

[0259] The discovery of the present invention is that the solubility of each of these commercially important pesticides is generally improved in the solvents according to the present invention when compared to typical solvent systems used in agrochemical emulsifiable concentrates, such as benzyl acetate, fatty acid dimethylamides, and aromatic naphtha-based solvents.

[0260] Therefore, it is preferred that the total pesticide content in the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is in the range of 10% w / w to 70% w / w, more preferably in the range of 20% w / w to 65% w / w, most preferably in the range of 30% w / w to 60% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC).

[0261] Of these particularly preferred pesticides, azoxystrobin and prothioconazole are notoriously insoluble in the typical solvent systems described above.

[0262] Another finding of the present invention is that the solubility of, in particular, azoxystrobin and prothioconazole is significantly improved in the solvents according to the present invention when compared to the typical solvent systems described above.

[0263] Therefore, in one embodiment, it is particularly preferred that one of the one or more pesticides is azoxystrobin or prothioconazole.

[0264] Preferably, the combined content of azoxystrobin and prothioconazole in the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to this embodiment is in the range of 10% w / w to 50% w / w, more preferably in the range of 13% w / w to 40% w / w, most preferably in the range of 15% w / w to 30% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC).

[0265] In the context of agrochemical emulsifiable concentrates, it is also well known that more than one pesticide can be used, resulting in so-called combination formulations. Such combination formulations may have an improved effect because the individual pesticides act in a synergistic manner, or alternatively, the multiple pesticides may have activity against different pests, for example, one pesticide may be a herbicide and another may be an insecticide.

[0266] In an embodiment, the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) comprises two or more pesticides.

[0267] Many such combination formulations are commercially available and well known in the art.Therefore, there are no particular restrictions on the choice made in selecting the pesticide combination.

[0268] In a preferred embodiment, at least one, more preferably at least two of the two or more pesticides are selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, oxyfluorfen, difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin, propiconazole, cyproconazole, flufenamic acid ethyl, epoxiconazole, trifloxystrobin, cyproconazole, flufenamic acid ethyl, epoxiconazole, trifloxystrobin, fenbuconazole and tebuconazole.

[0269] Particularly preferred combinations include azoxystrobin and cyproconazole, azoxystrobin and prothioconazole, cyproconazole and fenbuconazole, and azoxystrobin and tebuconazole.

[0270] The one or more emulsifiers

[0271] Another essential ingredient of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is one or more emulsifiers.

[0272] The one or more emulsifiers of the present invention are not particularly limited. In its broadest form, the one or more emulsifiers may be selected from any conventional emulsifiers typically used in the field of agrochemical compositions and formulations.

[0273] For example, the one or more emulsifiers may be selected from:

[0274] - products of 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and / or 0 to 5 mol of propylene oxide added to linear C8-22 fatty alcohols, C12-22 fatty acids and alkylphenols containing 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group;

[0275] - C12-18 fatty acid monoesters and diesters of addition products of 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide onto glycerol;

[0276] - glycerol monoesters and diesters and sorbitan monoesters and diesters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms and ethylene oxide addition products thereof,

[0277] - addition products of 15 to 60 mol of ethylene oxide onto castor oil and / or hydrogenated castor oil;

[0278] - polyol esters, and in particular polyglycerol esters, such as, for example, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearate or polyglycerol dimer isostearate;

[0279] - addition products of 2 to 15 mol of ethylene oxide onto castor oil and / or hydrogenated castor oil;

[0280] - partial esters based on linear, branched, unsaturated or saturated C6-22 fatty acids, ricinoleic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid and glycerol, polyglycerol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sugar alcohols (e.g. sorbitol), alkyl glucosides (e.g. methyl glucoside, butyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside) and polyglucosides (e.g. cellulose);

[0281] - mono-, di- and tri-alkyl phosphates and mono-, di- and / or tri-PEG-alkyl phosphates and their salts;

[0282] -Wool wax alcohol;

[0283] - polysiloxane / polyalkyl polyether copolymers and corresponding derivatives;

[0284] - mixed esters of pentaerythritol, fatty acids, citric acid and fatty alcohols and / or mixed esters of C6-22 fatty acids, methyl glucose and polyols, preferably glycerol or polyglycerol, and

[0285] -Polyalkylene glycol.

[0286] The one or more emulsifiers are preferably selected from the group consisting of nonionic emulsifiers, anionic emulsifiers and combinations thereof.

[0287] It is particularly preferred that at least one of the one or more emulsifiers is a nonionic emulsifier.

[0288] It is also preferred that at least one of the one or more emulsifiers is an anionic emulsifier.

[0289] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the one or more emulsifiers comprise, more preferably consist of, a nonionic emulsifier and an anionic emulsifier.

[0290] Suitable nonionic emulsifiers can be selected from the group consisting of copolymers containing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide monomers, alcohol alkoxylates, alkyl polyglucosides, amino polyols, polyalkylene glycols, alkoxylated animal or vegetable fats and oils such as corn oil ethoxylate, soybean oil ethoxylate, castor oil ethoxylate, tallow fat ethoxylate, glycerides such as glycerol monostearate, fatty alcohol alkoxylates and oxyalcohol alkoxylates, fatty acid alkoxylates such as oleic acid ethoxylate, alkylphenol alkoxylates such as isononylphenol ethoxylate, fatty amine alkoxylates, fatty acid amide alkoxylates, sugar surfactants such as sorbitan fatty acid esters (e.g., sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan tristearate), polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, alkyl polyglycosides, N-alkyl glucamides, alkyl methyl sulfoxides, alkyl dimethyl phosphine oxides such as tetradecyl dimethyl phosphine oxide, or combinations thereof.

[0291] Preferably, at least one of the one or more emulsifiers is a copolymer containing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide monomers, more preferably a block copolymer containing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide monomers.

[0292] Suitable anionic emulsifiers include salts wherein the anion may be selected from the group consisting of fatty acids, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, fatty alcohol sulfates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, ether phosphates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfonates or isoalkyl sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl methyl ester sulfonates, acyl glutamates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, sarcosinates, taurates, and combinations thereof, and the cation may be selected from the group consisting of alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, ammonium ions, and combinations thereof.

[0293] Preferably, at least one of the one or more emulsifiers is an alkylbenzene sulfonate, more preferably a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate.

[0294] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the one or more emulsifiers comprise, more preferably consist of, a copolymer containing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide monomers and an alkylbenzene sulfonate. In this particularly preferred embodiment, the copolymer containing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide monomers is more preferably a block copolymer containing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide monomers. The alkylbenzene sulfonate is also more preferably a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate.

[0295] The total content of the one or more emulsifiers in the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is preferably in the range of 1% w / w to 30% w / w, more preferably in the range of 5% w / w to 20% w / w, most preferably in the range of 10% w / w to 15% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC).

[0296] Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC)

[0297] As detailed above, the emulsifiable concentrates (EC) according to the invention comprise one or more pesticides, one or more emulsifiers and one or more solvents as described above.

[0298] Particularly preferred combinations of one or more pesticides, one or more emulsifiers and one or more solvents are given in Table A:

[0299]

[0300]

[0301]

[0302]

[0303]

[0304]

[0305]

[0306]

[0307]

[0308]

[0309]

[0310] wherein P1 is azoxystrobin, P2 is prothioconazole, P3 is pyraclostrobin, P4 is oxyfluorfen, P5 is difenoconazole, P6 is trifloxystrobin, P7 is propiconazole, P8 is cyproconazole, P9 is flufenamic acid ethyl, P10 is flufenamic acid ester, P11 is trifloxystrobin, P12 is fenbuconazole and P13 is tebuconazole, S1 is benzaldehyde, S2 is 2-tolualdehyde, S3 is 3-tolualdehyde, S4 is 4-tolualdehyde, S5 is salicylaldehyde (i.e., 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) aldehyde), S6 is 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, S7 is 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, S8 is 2-anisaldehyde (i.e., 2-methoxybenzaldehyde), S9 is 3-anisaldehyde, S10 is 4-anisaldehyde, S11 is 2-ethylbenzaldehyde, S12 is 3-ethylbenzaldehyde, S13 is 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, and S14 is 4-tert-butylbenzaldehyde, while E1 is any emulsifier, E2 is a block copolymer containing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide monomers, and E3 is a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate.

[0311] In addition to these essential components, the emulsifiable concentrates (EC) may further contain adjuvants conventionally used in agrochemical formulations, the choice of which depends on the specific form of use, the type of formulation or the active substance. Examples of suitable adjuvants are surface-active substances (such as solubilizers, protective colloids, wetting agents and tackifiers), retaining agents, wetting agents, spreading agents, absorption enhancers, penetrants, spray drift control agents, crystallization inhibitors, organic and inorganic thickeners, bactericides, antifreeze agents, defoamers, optionally colorants and binders (for example for treating seeds) or conventional adjuvants for bait formulations (such as attractants, feedants, bitter substances).

[0312] The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to the invention preferably comprises, more preferably consists of:

[0313] a) 5% w / w to 70% w / w, more preferably 20% w / w to 65% w / w, most preferably 30% w / w to 60% w / w of one or more pesticides relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC);

[0314] b) 1% w / w to 30% w / w, more preferably 5% w / w to 20% w / w, most preferably 10% w / w to 15% w / w of one or more emulsifiers relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC):

[0315] c) from 10% w / w to 85% w / w, more preferably from 15% w / w to 75% w / w, most preferably from 25% w / w to 60% w / w of the one or more solvents having a structure according to formula (I), relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC); and

[0316] d) optionally, from 1% w / w to 84% w / w, more preferably from 5% w / w to 60% w / w, most preferably from 10% w / w to 35% w / w of one or more adjuvants relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC),

[0317] The total amount of components a), b), c), and d) does not exceed 100%.

[0318] As mentioned above, the discovery of the present invention is that many typical commercially important pesticides have improved solubility in the solvents according to the present invention when compared to typical solvent systems used for agrochemical emulsifiable concentrates.

[0319] In addition to this finding, it has further been found that the emulsifiable concentrates (EC) of the present invention form highly stable emulsions when mixed with water to form an emulsion, a so-called emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation.

[0320] The stability of an emulsion-in-water formulation can be assessed by determining how much sedimentation or cream is formed after homogenization (i.e., after emulsification). Both creaming and sedimentation represent deviations from idealized emulsion behavior, in which dispersed particles either rise to the surface (creaming) or sink to the bottom (sedimentation), depending on their density. When determining the extent of creaming or sedimentation, it is not critical whether the emulsified droplets remain intact or aggregate to form a new continuous phase - both are sufficient to determine that the emulsion has broken down.

[0321] The stability of a given emulsion depends on many factors, including the nature of the two immiscible phases, the relative amounts of each phase, and the emulsifier used to stabilize the emulsion. In the context of the present invention, for the purpose of quantifying emulsion stability, a stable emulsion is considered to form less than or equal to a given amount of cream and / or sedimentation 24 hours after homogenization.

[0322] The present invention has found that the emulsifiable concentrates (EC) of the present invention are suitable for forming a wide range of emulsion-in-water (EW) formulations when mixed with water and homogenized, which demonstrates unexpectedly beneficial emulsion stability.

[0323] To quantify this beneficial feature of the EC, a model emulsion system comprising 5.0 mL of EC and 95.0 mL of water can be used, in which case a stable emulsion is defined as an emulsion that produces less than or equal to 1.0 mL of cream or sediment 24 hours after forming the emulsion.

[0324] Thus, it is preferred that the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) forms a stable emulsion when 5.0 mL of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is combined with 95.0 mL of water and homogenized, wherein a stable emulsion is defined as an emulsion having less than or equal to 1.0 mL of cream or sediment 24 hours after forming the emulsion.

[0325] More preferably, the emulsion forms less than or equal to 0.5 mL of cream or sediment 24 hours after forming the emulsion.

[0326] If the emulsion does produce a measurable level of sediment or cream, it is further preferred that the emulsion can be re-homogenized, i.e., re-emulsified, to re-form a stable emulsion, wherein a stable emulsion is as defined above, wherein less than or equal to 1.0 mL of cream or sediment is formed 30 minutes after re-homogenization, more preferably wherein less than or equal to 0.5 mL of cream or sediment is formed 30 minutes after re-homogenization.

[0327] Methods for initial homogenization and re-homogenization are well known in the art, and the precise method used in such testing is not critical.

[0328] That is, preferably, homogenization is performed by gently inverting the emulsion 10 times, and re-homogenization is also performed by gently inverting the emulsion 10 times.

[0329] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the threshold at which how much cream or sediment will indicate that the emulsion will be unstable depends on the amount of each phase present in the emulsion. Thus, for example, alternative tests may be envisaged.

[0330] A model emulsion system comprising 0.5 mL of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and 99.5 mL of water can be used to assess stability, in which case a stable emulsion is defined as an emulsion that produces less than or equal to 0.5 mL of cream or sediment 24 hours after forming the emulsion. Therefore, it is further preferred that the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) forms a stable emulsion when 0.5 mL of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is combined with 99.5 mL of water and homogenized, wherein a stable emulsion is defined as an emulsion having less than or equal to 0.5 mL of cream or sediment 24 hours after forming the emulsion.

[0331] More preferably, the emulsion forms less than or equal to 0.2 mL of cream or sediment 24 hours after forming the emulsion.

[0332] If the emulsion does produce a measurable level of sediment or cream, it is further preferred that the emulsion can be re-homogenized, i.e. re-emulsified, to re-form a stable emulsion, wherein a stable emulsion is as defined above, wherein less than or equal to 0.5 mL of cream or sediment is formed 30 minutes after re-homogenization, preferably wherein less than or equal to 0.2 mL of cream or sediment is formed 30 minutes after re-homogenization.

[0333] Emulsion-in-water (EW) formulations

[0334] As mentioned above, the emulsifiable concentrates (EC) of the present invention are most suitable for forming highly stable emulsion-in-water (EW) formulations.

[0335] In a further aspect, the present invention relates to an emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation comprising an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous phase, wherein the non-aqueous phase is the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) of the first aspect.

[0336] The precise amounts of emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and water present in the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation are not critical; however, it is preferred that the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to the first aspect in an amount in the range of 0.01% w / w to 80.0% w / w and water in an amount in the range of 20.0% w / w to 99.99% w / w, both amounts expressed relative to the total weight of the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation, more preferably consists of.

[0337] It is further preferred that the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation comprises, more preferably consists of, the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to the first aspect in an amount in the range of 0.1% w / w to 50.0% w / w and water in an amount in the range of 50.0% w / w to 99.9% w / w, both amounts expressed relative to the total weight of the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation.

[0338] It is particularly preferred that the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation comprises, more preferably consists of, an amount of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to the first aspect in an amount in the range of 0.5% w / w to 5.0% w / w and water in an amount in the range of 95.0% w / w to 99.5% w / w, both amounts expressed relative to the total weight of the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation.

[0339] In addition to the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to the first aspect and water, the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation may further contain adjuvants conventionally used for agrochemical formulations (so-called tank adjuvants), the choice of which depends on the specific form of use, the type of formulation or the active substance. Examples of suitable adjuvants are surface-active substances (such as solubilizers, protective colloids, wetting agents and tackifiers), retaining agents, wetting agents, spreading agents, absorption enhancers, penetrants, spray drift control agents, crystallization inhibitors, organic and inorganic thickeners, bactericides, antifreeze agents, defoamers, optionally colorants and binders (for example for treating seeds) or conventional adjuvants for bait formulations (for example attractants, food attractants, bitter substances).

[0340] All preferred embodiments and alternatives relating to the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) of the first aspect are applicable mutatis mutandis to the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation of this further aspect.

[0341] use

[0342] In yet a further aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a compound having a structure according to formula (I) as a solvent in an agrochemical emulsifiable concentrate, preferably an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to the first aspect.

[0343]

[0344] wherein R represents 0 to 5 substituents, wherein each example of R is selected from deuterium, halogen, C 1 To C 10 Alkyl, aryl, OR 1 , and NR 1 2 A group consisting of each R 1 Selected from hydrogen and C 1 To C 10 alkyl group, and optionally, two instances of R may be linked to form a 5- or 6-membered ring.

[0345] In yet another preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of a compound having a structure according to formula (I) as a solvent in an agrochemical emulsifiable concentrate, preferably an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to the first aspect:

[0346]

[0347] wherein R represents 0 to 5 substituents, wherein each example of R is selected from tritium, halogen, C 1 To C 10 Alkyl, aryl, OR 1 , and NR 1 2 A group consisting of each R1 Selected from C 1 To C 10 Alkyl, and optionally, two instances of R may be linked to form a 5- or 6-membered ring.

[0348] All preferred embodiments and alternatives relating to the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) of the first aspect are applicable mutatis mutandis to the use of the compound having a structure according to formula (I) of the present aspect.

[0349] Likewise, all preferred embodiments and alternatives relating to the compound having a structure according to formula (I) given for the first aspect are applicable mutatis mutandis to the compound having a structure according to formula (I) as used in the present aspect.

[0350] In a final aspect, the present invention relates to the use of an emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation according to the above further aspects for treating plants so as to maintain plant health without causing plant damage.

[0351] Plant damage can be assessed relative to plants treated with an aqueous solution containing the same emulsifier but simply without the solvent and pesticide. Avoidance of plant damage is often achieved by combining one or more pesticides known to have low phytotoxicity with a solvent having low phytotoxicity.

[0352] In particular, it is preferred that the solvent has low phytotoxicity, wherein low phytotoxicity is defined as when an emulsion containing 99.0% w / w of water relative to the total weight of the emulsion and 1.0% w / w of a non-aqueous phase relative to the total weight of the emulsion (which contains 90% w / w of the solvent, 7.5% w / w of castor oil ethoxylate and 2.5% w / w of calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (each relative to the total weight of the non-aqueous phase)) does not cause greater plant damage than an aqueous solution of 0.075% w / w castor oil ethoxylate and 0.025% w / w calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (each relative to the total weight of the aqueous solution) when measured 14 days after application to soybean plants at an application rate of 200 L / hectare.

[0353] The phytotoxicity of various commonly used pesticides is within the common knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[0354] All preferred embodiments and alternatives relating to the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulations of the above further aspects apply mutatis mutandis to the use of the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation of the last aspect for treating plants.

[0355] Experimental Section

[0356] Materials used:

[0357] Solvents: Benzyl acetate was purchased from Tennants Fine Chemicals. Solvesso 200ND was purchased from ExxonMobil. 2-Ethylhexyl lactate, C8-C10 fatty acid methyl esters, 4-anisaldehyde and dimethyldecanamide were from BASF.

[0358] CIPAC D Water: Prepared in the laboratory using the standard recipe "MT 18.1.4" published by CIPAC: Standard Water. This water has a hardness of 342 ppm and a 4:1 mixture of Ca:Mg ions at pH 6-7.

[0359] Pesticides: Azoxystrobin, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, oxyfluorfen, difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin, propiconazole, cyproconazole, flufenamic acid ethyl, epoxiconazole, trifloxystrobin, and tebuconazole were purchased from various commercial sources.

[0360] Emulsifiers: The emulsifiers used in the experiments are listed below.

[0361]

[0362] method:

[0363] Emulsions are tested for dispersibility by an effect known as blooming.

[0364] The emulsions were evaluated based on their spontaneous emulsification (referred to in the art as "self-emulsification") when the concentrate was added to water using a visual assessment given on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1). Excellent, "emulsion cloud", did not sink to the bottom of the cylinder. 2). Good, "emulsion cloud", but sank to the bottom of the cylinder. 3). Okay, "poor emulsion cloud", larger droplets. 4). Poor, "no emulsion cloud", small "grains" were observed. 5). Very poor, no emulsion, the oil and water phases separated immediately."

[0365] The water solubility of the solvent is determined by visually assessing the undissolved solvent in water after vigorous mixing and standing according to a method based on CIPAC MT1 57.1 and OECD 105. Herein, different amounts of solvent and water are mixed in a graduated cylinder or a separating funnel with a glass stopper under vigorous shaking, and then left to stand for at least 30 minutes to enable separation. For example, if undissolved solvent is observed after 0.1 g of solvent is fully mixed in 100 mL of water, the solvent has a water solubility equal to or lower than 0.1% (≤1 g / L). The method can be repeated with different amounts of solvent and water to enable determination of the water solubility of the solvent.

[0366] Under these test conditions, 4-anisaldehyde has a water solubility of 0.20% w / w.

[0367] Example 1: Determination of Maximum Pesticide Solubility

[0368] The maximum solubility of the pesticide in various solvents was determined at 21°C. Here, a small amount of active ingredient was added to 10 g of solvent in a 25 mL beaker while stirring with a magnetic stir bar. The dose of active ingredient was added to the solvent until no more dissolution was achieved, with a maximum stirring time of 2 hours between additions to achieve dissolution. The solubility was calculated according to the following equation:

[0369]

[0370] Table 1 Maximum solubility of various pesticides in various solvents

[0371]

[0372]

[0373] *NM = Not Measured

[0374] As can be seen from Table 1, the solubility of most pesticides is improved in 4-anisaldehyde relative to other commonly used solvents. In particular, azoxystrobin and prothioconazole, which are very poorly soluble in many comparable solvents, have significantly improved solubility characteristics in 4-anisaldehyde. For some individual pesticides, higher solubility can be achieved with alternative solvents; however, the solubility characteristics of a wide range of pesticides for 4-anisaldehyde are significantly better than any comparable solvent.

[0375] Example 2: Stable Pesticide Emulsion Using 4-Anisaldehyde as Solvent

[0376] In the following examples emulsifiable concentrates were prepared and the resulting 5% w / w emulsions were evaluated after 24 hours at various water hardnesses at 21° C. The emulsion stability was determined over time, where the amount of cream or sediment was measured.

[0377] To measure the emulsion stability, 5.0 mL of the emulsifiable concentrate was diluted in 95.0 mL of CIPAC D water in a 100 mL measuring cylinder. The stability of the resulting oil-in-water emulsion was evaluated after 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours. Highly stable emulsions did not form a cream after 24 hours, or had less than 1.0 mL of cream, and could be easily re-emulsified without forming a cream after standing for 24 hours, wherein such re-emulsified emulsions were evaluated 30 minutes after re-emulsification. Both initial emulsification and re-emulsification were achieved by gently inverting the emulsion 10 times.

[0378] Table 2.1.1 Test of azoxystrobin formulation emulsion

[0379]

[0380]

[0381] *In CIPAC D water (342 ppm hardness, Ca:Mg 4:1, pH 6-7) at 21°C

[0382] Emulsion testing in

[0383] **NM = Not measured due to EC instability

[0384] Table 2.1.2 Low temperature recycling test of azoxystrobin formulation emulsion

[0385] Low temperature emulsion recirculation tests were conducted to evaluate the stability of the emulsion under field application conditions. Here, a 5L temperature-controlled container maintained isothermally at 4°C was prepared containing 3L of a pesticide emulsion having a 0.5% w / w emulsifiable concentrate. The emulsion contained 3L of CIPAC D water and 15g of emulsifiable concentrate to give an emulsion concentration of 0.5% w / w. The resulting emulsion was pumped at 4°C at a flow rate of 1L / min through a metal filter with a pore size of 140μm attached to the temperature-controlled container for 6 hours, with the pressure continuously monitored. The fully stable emulsion maintained a pressure of <1.0 bar throughout the 6-hour recirculation period, and the filter was removed and dried after 6 hours of recirculation, with the total collected solid material measured being <100mg.

[0386] (Table 2.1.1)IE1 Vessel pressure after 6 hours recirculation [bar] 0.6 Weight of dry filter material collected after 6 hours [mg] 38.4

[0387] No evaluation could be performed for any of the comparative examples because unstable emulsions would have blocked the equipment.

[0388] Table 2.2 Further testing of pesticide EC formulations under standard conditions

[0389]

[0390]

[0391] * Emulsion tested in CIPAC D water (342 ppm hardness, Ca:Mg 4:1, pH 6-7) at 21°C

[0392] **NM = Not measured due to EC instability

[0393] Table 2.3 Testing of EC formulations with various mixtures of pesticide active ingredients

[0394]

[0395] * Emulsion tested in CIPAC D water (342 ppm hardness, Ca:Mg 4:1, pH 6-7) at 21°C

[0396] **NM = Not measured due to EC instability

[0397] As can be seen from IE1 to IE13 in Table 2.1.1 to Table 2.3, a wide range of agrochemical active compounds (i.e., pesticides) can be provided as emulsifiable concentrates for application to crops. These pesticides can be added alone or as part of a so-called 'combination product'. As demonstrated by Comparative Examples CE1 to CE6, many of the emulsifiable concentrates exemplified in the above table, especially those containing azoxystrobin and prothioconazole, are notoriously insoluble in typical EC solvents, such as benzyl acetate.

[0398] Example 3: Stable Pesticide Emulsions Using Other Aldehyde-Based Solvents

[0399] In the following examples emulsifiable concentrates were prepared and the resulting 5% w / w emulsions were evaluated after 24 hours at various water hardnesses at 21° C. The emulsion stability was determined over time, where the amount of cream or sediment was measured.

[0400] To measure the emulsion stability, 5.0 mL of the emulsifiable concentrate was diluted in 95.0 mL of CIPAC D water in a 100 mL measuring cylinder. The stability of the resulting oil-in-water emulsion was evaluated after 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours. Highly stable emulsions did not form a cream after 24 hours, or had less than 1.0 mL of cream, and could be easily re-emulsified without forming a cream after standing for 24 hours, wherein such re-emulsified emulsions were evaluated 30 minutes after re-emulsification. Both initial emulsification and re-emulsification were achieved by gently inverting the emulsion 10 times.

[0401]

[0402]

[0403] As can be seen from IE14 to IE23 in Table 3.1 and Table 3.2, a wide range of benzaldehyde-based solvents can be used as solvents for emulsifiable concentrates containing various agrochemical active compounds (i.e., pesticides). As demonstrated by Comparative Examples CE7 to CE16, many of the emulsifiable concentrates exemplified in the above table, especially those containing azoxystrobin, are notoriously insoluble in typical EC solvents, such as benzyl acetate.

[0404] Example 4: Phytotoxicity test on soybean:

[0405] Soybean plants grown under standard greenhouse conditions at growth stage 13 were treated with the aqueous emulsion in a spray chamber. The resulting plant spray dose represents an application rate of 200 L / ha of a 1% w / w emulsion, corresponding to an application of 2 L / ha of an emulsifiable concentrate. The emulsifiable concentrate contained 90% w / w solvent and 10% w / w emulsifier (an emulsifier mixture of 75% w / w castor oil ethoxylate and 25% w / w calcium dodecylbenzene sulfate). The experimental period lasted 14 days, during which time the soybean plants were given optimal watering, nutrients and light.

[0406] Solvent phytotoxicity was assessed by visual inspection on a scale of 0% to 100% relative to plants treated with an aqueous solution of 0.075% w / w castor oil ethoxylate and 0.025% w / w calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (see Figure 1 ). Here, 0% means no plant damage, with no difference between treated and untreated plants. An assessment of 1% to 10% phytotoxicity is the limit of plant damage acceptable to farmers. Phytotoxicity levels of 11% to 30% indicate moderate damage, between 31% and 60% high damage, above 61% very high damage, and a score of 100% complete plant destruction.

[0407] Since 0% phytotoxicity was observed for the anisaldehyde solvent of the present invention (see Figure 2 ), so it can be said that 4-anisaldehyde is completely selective and non-phytotoxic. On the other hand, the application of non-inventive solvents 2-ethylhexyl lactate and dimethyldecylamide resulted in 30% and 50% phytotoxicity, respectively, after 14 days (see Figure 3 and Figure 4 ).

[0408] The solvents according to the invention have no or little phytotoxic effect and can therefore be used in agricultural formulations for reducing the phytotoxicity in such compositions.

Claims

1. An emulsifiable concentrate (EC) comprising one or more pesticides, one or more emulsifiers and one or more solvents, wherein at least one of the one or more solvents has a structure according to formula (I): wherein R represents 0 to 5 substituents, wherein each example of R is selected from deuterium, halogen, C 1 To C 10 Alkyl, aryl, OR 1 , and NR 1 2 A group consisting of each R 1 Selected from hydrogen and C 1 To C 10 alkyl, and optionally, two instances of R can be linked to form a 5-membered or 6-membered ring.

2. The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to claim 1, in, Each example of R is OR 1 .

3. The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to claim 2, in, The solvent is selected from the group consisting of 2-anisaldehyde, 3-anisaldehyde and 4-anisaldehyde, and most preferably, the solvent is 4-anisaldehyde.

4. An emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The solvent has a water solubility of less than 1.00% w / w, more preferably less than 0.50% w / w, most preferably less than 0.30% w / w.

5. An emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, in, At least one of the one or more pesticides is selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, oxyfluorfen, difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin, propiconazole, cyproconazole, flufenamic acid ethyl, epoxiconazole, trifloxystrobin, cyproconazole, flufenamic acid ethyl, epoxiconazole, trifloxystrobin, fenbuconazole and tebuconazole.

6. An emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The total pesticide content is in the range of 5% w / w to 70% w / w, more preferably in the range of 20% w / w to 65% w / w, most preferably in the range of 30% w / w to 60% w / w relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC).

7. An emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, in, At least one of the one or more pesticides is azoxystrobin or prothioconazole, and the combined content of azoxystrobin and prothioconazole in the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is in the range of 10% w / w to 50% w / w, more preferably in the range of 13% w / w to 40% w / w, most preferably in the range of 15% w / w to 30% w / w, relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC).

8. Emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising two or more pesticides.

9. Emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any of the preceding claims, comprising one or more nonionic emulsifiers and one or more anionic emulsifiers.

10. An emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, in, At least one of the one or more emulsifiers is a copolymer containing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide monomers.

11. An emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, in, At least one of the one or more emulsifiers is an alkylbenzene sulfonate.

12. An emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) forms a stable emulsion when 5.0 mL of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) is combined with 95.0 mL of water and homogenized, wherein a stable emulsion is defined as an emulsion having less than or equal to 1.0 mL of cream or sediment 24 hours after forming the emulsion.

13. An emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation comprising an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous phase, wherein the non-aqueous phase is an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. Use of a compound having a structure according to formula (I) as a solvent in an agrochemical emulsifiable concentrate, preferably an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein R represents 0 to 5 substituents, wherein each example of R is selected from deuterium, halogen, C 1 To C 10 Alkyl, aryl, OR 1 , and NR 1 2 A group consisting of each R 1 Selected from hydrogen and C 1 To C 10 alkyl, and optionally, two instances of R can be linked to form a 5-membered or 6-membered ring.

15. Use of the emulsion-in-water (EW) formulation according to claim 13 for treating plants to maintain plant health without causing plant damage.

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