A method for cultivating three-color leeks

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of vegetable planting, and particularly relates to a three-color leek cultivation method. The three-color leek cultivation method provided by the present application comprises the following steps: after leek is grown in an open field to a plant height of 28-35 cm, the leek is grown in the dark for 3-6 days, the leek grows yellow leaves, the yellow leaves grow to 5-15 cm, and the three-color leek is obtained by harvesting the leek with a soil depth of 3-5 cm. The cultivation method adopts an open field + covering and shading mode, the leek is grown in the open field for 23-26 days, and the leek is covered and shaded for 3-6 days, so that the production time of one crop is 27-32 days. The three-color leek production is easy to operate and good to manage. When large-scale planting of the three-color leek is performed, a shading arched shed can be built after the leek grows to a certain height, so that the cultivation efficiency of the three-color leek can be significantly improved. The three-color leek has a low content of coarse fibers, a good quality, and a good taste. Compared with leek production, the three-color leek production can increase the annual income per mu by 52.57%.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, in particular to a three-color leek cultivation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Leek is a perennial root vegetable, and its main nutritional components include vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, carotene, carbohydrates and minerals, etc. Leek is rich in nutritional value, has multiple eating methods, and has certain therapeutic and health care effects, and is one of the vegetables that people like. The leek planting methods mainly include seedling transplanting and direct seeding planting, and the leek production methods include open field production, off-season greenhouse production, water culture production, etc. The leek production methods mainly include grass mat, pottery jar, plastic bucket, cellar and other light shielding methods.

[0003] At present, open field production accounts for about 70% of the annual market supply, and off-season greenhouse production accounts for about 30% of the annual market supply. In most areas of China, leek open field can be produced from March to October. Leek open field cultivation has the characteristics of small investment, good management, long production period, high yield, sufficient market supply, etc. However, the leek produced in the period from May to August with strong light and high temperature has high crude fiber content, poor quality, reduced sales volume, and low market price, which affects the economic benefits of the growers. Leek products have high quality and high price, but the cultivation method requires large investment, a lot of labor, low yield per crop, and few annual harvests, which is not ideal in terms of benefits.

[0004] The three-color leek product has green, yellow and white colors. The leaves of the leek grown naturally in the open field are green, the leaves grown under the cover are yellow, and the leaf sheaths harvested by digging the roots into the soil are white. That is, a leek has three colors, and the product has the characteristics of leek and leek yellow. It has a tender and novel appearance, low crude fiber content, and good taste. This cultivation method enriches the diversity of leek products in the market.

[0005] In 2008, Wang Honghong et al. disclosed the three-color leek open field cultivation technology and the three-color leek facility cultivation technology in the article "Three-color leek cultivation technology". The three-color leek open field cultivation technology is to dig the soil when the leek sprouts grow to 1-5 cm, form a soil ridge with a height of 5-10 cm and a width of 10 cm in the leek row, and make the leek slightly exposed at the bottom of the soil ridge. When the leek grows to 10 cm, the soil is dug again, and the height of the two times of soil digging is 10 cm. The leek is harvested when it grows to 25 cm, and the three-color leek is obtained, which has a silver-white lower part of the leaf sheath, a golden upper and lower part of the leaf sheath, and a deep green upper part of the leaf. The three-color leek facility cultivation technology is mainly used for winter three-color leek cultivation. The wind barrier is built before the soil freezes after the beginning of winter, and the grass mat is covered on the cultivation ridge. The grass mat is rolled up at noon to increase the ground temperature, and the grass mat is covered in the afternoon to keep warm. The soil is dug 2-3 times, and the soil ridge is finally 15-20 cm high. The leek is harvested when it grows to more than 25 cm.

[0006] However, the above-mentioned three-color leek field cultivation and facility cultivation, the cultivation method needs to carry out the soil management 2~3 times between each row, and each time of soil management needs to form a certain height of soil ridge, the formation of yellow part of three-color leek is realized by the height of soil, and the facility cultivation is to improve the temperature of the cultivation ridge in winter to meet the temperature requirement of three-color leek growth; the cultivation method is complex, the labor is much, and the cultivation efficiency is low when the technology is used for large-scale planting. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application provides a three-color leek cultivation method, which solves the problems of complex cultivation method and low cultivation efficiency in large-scale cultivation of three-color leek in the prior art.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme of the three-color leek cultivation method of the present application is as follows:

[0009] A three-color leek cultivation method, comprising the following steps: after leek grows in the field to a height of 28~35cm, shading growth for 3~6 days, the leek grows yellow leaves, the yellow leaves grow to 5~15cm, and the three-color leek is obtained by harvesting to a depth of 3~5cm.

[0010] The present application is an improvement on the prior art, and provides a three-color leek cultivation method, which first makes leek grow in the field to a certain height to obtain green leaves in three-color leek, and then grows in the shade for a certain period of time, the leaves continue to grow, and the continuously growing leaves present yellow due to shading growth, the leek is planted to a certain depth, and the root soil sheath presents white, the harvesting depth is 3~5cm, which is beneficial to maintaining the commodity nature of the white part of three-color leek, and after harvesting to a proper depth, the three-color leek with green upper leaves, yellow lower leaves and white soil sheath is obtained; the cultivation method of the present application adopts a field + shading mode, the field growth is 23~26 days, and the shading is 3~6 days, the production time of one crop is 27~32 days, the three-color leek production is easy to operate and good to manage, the leek grown for a period of time is grown in the shade, the cultivation method is simple and efficient, the three-color leek can be grown in the shade after the leek grows to a certain height when large-scale planting three-color leek, the cultivation efficiency of three-color leek can be significantly improved, the three-color leek has less crude fiber content, good quality and good taste, and the annual income per mu of leek production is increased by 52.57%.

[0011] To further improve shading efficiency and the quality of yellow leaves, preferably, the shading growth is carried out in a shading arched greenhouse. This greenhouse is constructed by first covering the frame with black horticultural fabric, and then covering it with a black shade net. More preferably, the shading arched greenhouse is constructed by first covering the frame with a layer of black horticultural fabric, and then covering it with a layer of black shade net, pressing the edges firmly to prevent light from entering the greenhouse. While the black horticultural fabric covering the frame provides shading, it also absorbs a large amount of heat. To prevent the chives from being scorched by high temperatures, the additional black shade net further reduces the temperature inside the greenhouse and improves the shading effect. For large-scale cultivation of tricolor chives, shading arched greenhouses can be erected after the chives have grown to a certain height for shading growth, which can significantly improve the cultivation efficiency of tricolor chives.

[0012] To provide sufficient moisture for the chives during shaded growth, it is preferable to water them once every 2 to 5 days before the shaded growth begins.

[0013] To further improve the growth efficiency of tricolor chives in spring, summer and autumn, it is preferable that, when cultivating tricolor chives in spring, the chives should be shaded for 4 to 6 days after growing in the open field to a height of 28-32cm; when cultivating tricolor chives in summer, the chives should be shaded for 3 to 4 days after growing in the open field to a height of 28-32cm; and when cultivating tricolor chives in autumn, the chives should be shaded for 3 to 6 days after growing in the open field to a height of 28-35cm.

[0014] To further prevent gray mold and leaf tip rot caused by excessive humidity during shaded growth and to improve the quality of the tricolor chives, it is preferable that ventilation and dehumidification be carried out at night during shaded growth. After ventilation and dehumidification at night, the ventilation and dehumidification vents are closed at dawn.

[0015] To further improve the cultivation efficiency of tricolor chives and avoid early soil mounding management, preferably, the chives are transplanted to a depth of 7-10cm before open-field growth. No soil mounding is required in the first and second years, while in the third and fourth years, soil is mounded around the base of the chives to a thickness of 3-5cm. Because the planting depth of tricolor chives is 7-10cm, soil mounding management is unnecessary in the first and second years, significantly reducing the cultivation cost and making tricolor chive cultivation simpler and more efficient.

[0016] To further simplify soil management, preferably, when transplanting chives before their open-field growth, wide and narrow row spacing are used. The wide row spacing is 45-50cm, and the narrow row spacing is 25-28cm. The roots are covered with 3-5cm of soil at planting. In the third and fourth years, the topsoil from the wide rows is combined with cultivation to create a 3-5cm thick layer of soil around the chive roots. This avoids long-distance soil transportation and reduces labor and investment in soil management.

[0017] To further improve the control of diseases and pests during the cultivation of three-color chives in spring and autumn, preferably, when cultivating three-color chives in spring or autumn, if gray mold and chive maggots appear, at the initial stage of gray mold, spray with 40% pyrimethanil suspension emulsion at 1000-1200 times dilution, or 65% carbendazim wettable powder at 600-700 times dilution, once every 5-7 days; for chive maggots, use a compound solution of 28% chlorfenapyr·thiamethoxam suspension emulsion at 1500-1800 times dilution, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsion at 2000-2500 times dilution for root irrigation. The main pests and diseases when cultivating tricolor chives in spring are gray mold and chive maggots. There are relatively more pests and diseases when cultivating tricolor chives in autumn. In early autumn, there is more rain and higher temperature, which makes it easy for blight to occur. In the middle and late stages, gray mold is more likely to occur. The main pests are chive maggots, leaf miners, and thrips. Gray mold and chive maggots that occur in autumn tricolor chive cultivation can be controlled using the same methods as in spring.

[0018] To further improve the control of diseases and pests during the cultivation of tricolor chives in summer and autumn, preferably, when tricolor chives are cultivated in summer or autumn, if blight, chive maggots, leaf miners, and thrips appear, foliar spraying with 72% cymoxanil-mancozeb wettable powder or 72% metalaxyl-mancozeb wettable powder at 700-800 times dilution should be carried out at the initial stage of blight, once every 5-7 days. Alternatively, a mixture of 28% chlorfenapyr-thiamethoxam suspension emulsion at 1500-1800 times dilution, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate at 2000-2500 times dilution, can be used for root irrigation to control chive maggots, and spraying to control adult chive maggots, leaf miners, and thrips. During the summer, when temperatures are high, the main disease affecting tricolor chives is blight, and the main pests are chive maggots, leaf miners, and thrips. When cultivating tricolor chives in the autumn, the methods used for controlling blight and pests such as chive maggots, leaf miners, and thrips during the summer can be applied. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 The image shows a tricolor chive obtained by the tricolor chive cultivation method of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of the image. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical concept of the tricolor leek cultivation method provided by this invention is as follows:

[0022] A method for cultivating tricolor chives includes the following steps: chives are grown in open ground until they reach a height of 28-35cm, then they are grown in shade for 3-6 days until yellow leaves appear. When the yellow leaves grow to 5-15cm, they are harvested and buried 3-5cm deep in the soil to obtain tricolor chives.

[0023] This invention involves first allowing chives to grow in open ground to a certain height, obtaining the green leaves of a three-color chive. Then, the chives are grown in shade for a period of time, during which the leaves continue to grow, turning yellow due to the shade. When the chives are planted at a certain depth and the roots are mounded in soil, the leaf sheaths turn white. Harvesting at a depth of 3-5 cm helps maintain the marketability of the white parts of the three-color chive. After harvesting to an appropriate depth, a three-color chive is obtained with green upper leaves, yellow lower leaves, and white leaf sheaths (e.g., ...). Figure 1 and Figure 2 (As shown in the figure); the cultivation method of this invention adopts an open field + shading mode. The open field grows for 23-26 days, and the shading is carried out for 3-6 days. The production time of one crop is 27-32 days. The production of tricolor chives is easy to operate and manage. The chives grow under shade for a period of time. The cultivation method is simple and efficient. When planting tricolor chives on a large scale, shading can be carried out after the chives have grown to a certain height. This can significantly improve the cultivation efficiency of tricolor chives. Tricolor chives have less crude fiber content, better quality, and better taste. The annual income per mu is increased by 52.57% compared with chive production.

[0024] In a specific implementation, the ventilation and moisture dissipation is achieved by opening the obstructions at both ends and sides of the shading arch to form ventilation and moisture dissipation openings. Each side has multiple ventilation and moisture dissipation openings, with an interval of 5-8m between adjacent ventilation and moisture dissipation openings.

[0025] In a specific implementation, when transplanting chives before they are grown in open fields, the wide row spacing is 45-50cm, the narrow row spacing is 25-28cm, the hole spacing is 12-18cm, 7-10 seedlings are planted in each hole, the planting depth is 7-10cm, and the soil covering the roots is 3-5cm thick. The appropriate soil covering thickness is conducive to the recovery and growth of seedlings after transplanting. The ratio of wide to narrow rows is 1:2.

[0026] In a specific implementation, the chives are grown from seeds and transplanted. The seedling time is from late March to mid-April, the seedling age is 70-80 days, the plant height is more than 25cm, and the transplanting is carried out from mid-June to early July.

[0027] In this specific implementation, water the chives once immediately after transplanting, and then water them every 4-10 days thereafter. After the seedlings recover, water and fertilize them once every 30-35 days in conjunction with cultivation. Control measures should be taken promptly when pests or diseases occur. Providing the necessary water and nutrients for the growth of the tricolor chives after transplanting can improve their quality and yield.

[0028] In a specific implementation, the post-planting topdressing consists of 20-30 kg of potassium sulfate-based N:P:K 15:15:15 compound fertilizer, 10-15 kg of urea, and 100-150 kg of commercial granular organic fertilizer per acre. This promotes root growth and development, cultivating robust rootstocks for the production of tricolor chives.

[0029] In a specific implementation, before tilling open-field growing land, apply 3000-4000 kg of well-rotted and finely crushed organic fertilizer, 50-60 kg of potassium sulfate-type N:P:K 15:15:15 compound fertilizer, and 10-20 kg of urea per mu. Till the land to a depth of 30-35 cm, and then harrow and level it.

[0030] In specific implementations, the frame of the shading arch can be made of materials such as fiberglass poles (10-12mm in diameter) or galvanized steel pipes (21-27mm in diameter), and the unit area mass of the woven black horticultural ground cover should be 90-100g / m². 2 The shading rate of black shade netting is 95-98%; an arched shading shed frame is built on the planting bed with a width of 2.5-3.5m, with the frame spaced 0.8-1.2m apart, and the frame is inserted 15-20cm into the bed ridge.

[0031] In a specific implementation, when producing tricolor chives in spring, remove the dead leaves on the ground in early to mid-February, and apply 50-60 kg of potassium sulfate-based compound fertilizer (N:P:K 15:15:15), 10-20 kg of urea, and 2500-3000 kg of well-rotted and finely crushed organic fertilizer (chicken manure, pig manure) per mu. After fertilization, cultivate and irrigate.

[0032] In a specific implementation, the control method for gray mold is as follows: at the initial stage of gray mold disease, spray with 40% pyrimethanil suspension emulsion at a dilution of 1000-1200 times, or 65% carbendazim wettable powder at a dilution of 600-700 times, once every 5-7 days.

[0033] In a specific implementation method, the prevention and control of the disease is as follows: at the initial stage of the disease, foliar spraying with 72% cymoxanil-mancozeb wettable powder or 72% metalaxyl-mancozeb wettable powder at a dilution of 700-800 times is carried out, once every 5-7 days.

[0034] In a specific implementation method, the control methods for leek maggots, leaf miners, and thrips are as follows: use a 1500-1800 times dilution of 28% chlorfenapyr·thiamethoxam suspension emulsion, or a 2000-2500 times dilution of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, and apply the solution to the roots for drenching to control leek maggots, and spray to control adult leek maggots, leaf miners, and thrips.

[0035] In a specific implementation, when the tricolor chives are harvested, the shovel is driven 3-5cm into the ground. After the last harvest of the tricolor chives in October, the horticultural ground cover and shade net are removed, and the trellis is dismantled for winter field management.

[0036] In a specific implementation, during the production and harvesting period of tricolor chives, topdressing is applied once after each harvest, with 50-60 kg of potassium sulfate-based N:P:K 15:15:15 compound fertilizer, 10-20 kg of urea, and 120-150 kg of commercial granular organic fertilizer per mu. When the harvest interval is 2-3 times, topdressing with 2500-3000 kg of well-rotted and finely crushed organic fertilizer per mu is applied once. During the spring and autumn harvesting periods, watering is applied 3-5 times per harvest, and during the summer harvesting period, watering is applied 4-6 times per harvest.

[0037] In specific implementation methods, the selected leek varieties are non-dormant varieties with good upright growth, large size and wide leaves, strong growth, disease resistance and high quality, such as Hangyan 998, Pingfeng No. 8, and Jiubao.

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0039] I. Specific Embodiments of the Tricolor Leek Cultivation Method of the Present Invention

[0040] Example 1

[0041] The cultivation method for tricolor chives in this embodiment is as follows:

[0042] 1) Variety selection

[0043] Choose chive varieties that are upright, large with wide leaves, vigorous growth, disease-resistant, high-quality, and dormant, such as Hangyan 998, Pingfeng No. 8, and Jiubao.

[0044] 2) Land Selection

[0045] Choose a plot of land with fertile soil, flat terrain, and good irrigation conditions. The soil should be neutral or slightly acidic, and the land should not have been planted with onions, leeks, or garlic for the previous 2-3 years.

[0046] 3) Fertilizing cultivated land

[0047] Before tilling the land, apply 3000-4000 kg of well-rotted and finely crushed organic fertilizer, 50-60 kg of potassium sulfate-type N:P:K 15:15:15 compound fertilizer, and 10-20 kg of urea per mu. Till the land to a depth of 30-35 cm, and then harrow and level it.

[0048] 4) Making beds

[0049] The land is divided into ridges, with the ridge length adjusted flexibly according to the conditions of the plot. The ridge length is 20-80m, the ridge width is 2.5-3.5m, the ridge ridge width is 50-60cm, and the ridge ridge height is 15-20cm. After making the ridges, the ridge surface is leveled.

[0050] 5) Planting

[0051] Seedlings should be raised from late March to mid-April, with a seedling age of 70-80 days and a plant height of over 25cm. They can be transplanted from mid-June to early July when they have four leaves and one bud. The wide row spacing should be 45-50cm, the narrow row spacing 25-28cm, and the hole spacing 12-18cm. 7-10 seedlings should be planted in each hole, with a planting depth of 7-10cm. The roots should be covered with 3-5cm of soil when transplanting, and the ratio of wide to narrow rows should be 1:2.

[0052] 6) Field management after transplanting

[0053] Water immediately after transplanting, and then water every 4-10 days depending on soil moisture. After the seedlings recover, apply fertilizer once every 30-35 days, combined with cultivation and watering. Apply 20-30 kg of potassium sulfate-based N:P:K 15:15:15 compound fertilizer, 10-15 kg of urea, and 100-150 kg of commercial granular organic fertilizer per acre. Control pests and diseases in a timely manner to promote root growth and development, and cultivate strong root plants for the production of tricolor chives.

[0054] 7) Shading growth

[0055] From March to October, after the open-field chives have grown for 23-26 days and reached a height of 28-35cm, a shading arch is constructed. The frame of the shading arch is made of galvanized pipe (21.3mm in diameter), and the shading material is woven black horticultural ground cover (90g / m²). 2 A black shade net (95% shading rate) is used. An arched shading frame is constructed on the planting bed, 3.5m wide, with the frame spaced 1.2m apart. The frame extends 15-20cm into the bed ridge. When covering with shading, first cover the arched frame with a layer of black weed-control fabric, then add the shade net on top, securing it firmly around the edges. The arched frame is completely opaque. Chives grow in the shading arched frame for 3-6 days. At night, ventilation and dehumidification are carried out at both ends and sides of the shading arched frame, with one ventilation opening every 5-8m. The ventilation openings are closed at dawn. Nighttime ventilation prevents excessive humidity, which can lead to gray mold and leaf tip rot. When the plants reach a height of 35-45cm and have 2-3 yellow leaves that are 5-15cm long, they are ready for harvest.

[0056] 8) Spring cultivation of tricolor chives

[0057] In early to mid-February, remove withered leaves from the above-ground parts and apply 50-60 kg of potassium sulfate-based N:P:K 15:15:15 compound fertilizer, 10-20 kg of urea, and 2500-3000 kg of well-rotted and finely crushed organic fertilizer (chicken manure, pig manure) per mu. After fertilization, cultivate and water. The main spring pests and diseases of leeks are gray mold and leek maggots. At the initial stage of gray mold, spray with 1000 times dilution of 40% pyrimethanil suspension emulsion or 700 times dilution of 65% carbendazim wettable powder. Spray once every 5-7 days. For leek maggots, use 1500 times dilution of 28% chlorfenapyr·thiamethoxam suspension emulsion or a mixture of 2000 times dilution of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 2000 times dilution of 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsion for root irrigation. When the chives grow to a height of 28-32cm, construct a shaded archway for shaded growth. Water once every 3-5 days before shaded growth. After shaded growth begins, open the ends and sides of the shaded archway at night for ventilation and dehumidification. Place one ventilation opening every 5-8m on each side. Close the ventilation openings at dawn. Ventilation at night helps prevent excessive humidity from causing gray mold and leaf tip rot.

[0058] After 4-6 days of shade growth, when the chives have 2-3 heart leaves and yellow leaves that are 5-15cm long, and the tricolor chives are 35-45cm tall, they can be harvested. When harvesting, the shovel should be driven 3-5cm into the ground. After harvesting, the trellis does not need to be removed, and the next crop can be used continuously. Remove the horticultural ground cover and shade net, and carry out field cultivation, weeding, fertilization, and watering before entering the next crop production management.

[0059] 9) Summer Tricolor Chive Cultivation

[0060] During the summer, high temperatures make blight the main disease affecting chives, while the main pests are chive maggots, leaf miners, and thrips. At the initial stage of blight, foliar spraying with a 700-fold dilution of 72% cymoxanil-mancozeb wettable powder or 72% metalaxyl-mancozeb wettable powder can be applied every 5-7 days. For chive maggot control, root irrigation with a 1500-fold dilution of 28% chlorfenapyr-thiamethoxam suspension emulsion, or a mixture of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsion at 2000-fold dilutions, and spraying with a solution of these two solutions, can control adult chive maggots, leaf miners, and thrips. From July to August, the chives enter reproductive growth, producing many flower stalks. Remove the flower stalks every 3-5 days to reduce nutrient consumption. When the chives reach a height of 28-32 cm, construct a shade structure for shaded growth. Water once every 2-3 days before the shaded growth period. After the shaded growth period, open the two ends and sides of the shaded arch at night to ventilate and dehumidify. Set up one ventilation opening on each side every 5-8 meters. Close the ventilation opening at dawn. Ventilate at night to prevent excessive humidity from causing gray mold and leaf tip rot.

[0061] After 3-4 days of shade growth, when the chives have 2-3 yellow leaves that are 5-15cm long and the tricolor chives are 35-45cm tall, they can be harvested. When harvesting, the shovel should be driven 3-5cm into the ground. After harvesting, the trellis does not need to be removed, and the crop can be reused. Remove the garden mulch and shade netting, and carry out field cultivation, weeding, fertilization, and watering before proceeding with the next crop's production management.

[0062] 10) Autumn cultivation of tricolor chives

[0063] Autumn is a season with relatively more pests and diseases. Early autumn brings abundant rainfall and high temperatures, making it susceptible to blight, while gray mold is more likely to occur in the later stages. Major pests include leek maggots, leaf miners, and thrips. For blight, foliar spraying with a 700-fold dilution of 72% cymoxanil-mancozeb wettable powder or 72% metalaxyl-mancozeb wettable powder can be applied at the initial stage of outbreaks, repeating every 5-7 days. For gray mold, a 1000-fold dilution of 40% pyrimethanil suspension emulsion can be used at the initial stage of infection. Alternatively, spray with a 700-fold dilution of 65% carbendazim wettable powder, repeating every 5-7 days. Use a 1500-fold dilution of 28% chlorfenapyr·thiamethoxam suspension emulsion, or a mixture of 2000-fold dilutions of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, for root drenching to control leek maggots, and for spraying to control adult leek maggots, leaf miners, and thrips. When the leeks reach a height of 28-35cm, construct an arched greenhouse for shaded growth. Water once every 2-4 days before shaded growth begins. After shaded growth begins, open the ends and sides of the shaded greenhouse at night for ventilation and dehumidification, with ventilation openings spaced 5-8 meters apart. Close the ventilation openings at dawn. Nighttime ventilation helps prevent excessive humidity from causing gray mold and leaf tip rot.

[0064] After 3-6 days of shade growth, when the chives have 2-3 heart leaves and yellow leaves that are 5-15cm long, and the tricolor chives are 35-45cm tall, they can be harvested. When harvesting, the shovel should be driven 3-5cm into the ground. After harvesting, remove the horticultural ground cover and shade netting, and dismantle the trellis for winter field management.

[0065] 11) Winter Management

[0066] Harvesting of tricolor chives ceases in late October, which is late autumn and early winter. At this time, the temperature is still relatively high, and the chives can still grow. Field management such as cultivation, fertilization, watering, and control of chive maggots should be carried out at this time to promote the growth of chive roots and plants, cultivate strong plants for overwintering, and enhance resistance. In early to mid-December, water once for overwintering and carry out cultivation and loosening of the soil to a depth of 5-7cm to prevent low-temperature freezing damage to the chive roots and stems.

[0067] 12) Harvesting time

[0068] In the Yellow River region, seedlings are raised from mid-March to mid-April, and transplanted from mid-June to early July. Two crops of tricolor chives are harvested in the first year, and six to seven crops are harvested each year from the second to the fourth year, with a yield of over 9,000 kg per mu.

[0069] 13) Soil management

[0070] When planting tricolor chives, the planting depth should be 7-10cm. No hilling is required in the first and second years. In the third and fourth years, the topsoil should be combined with inter-row cultivation, and the soil should be hilled up to a thickness of 3-5cm at the base of the chives. Hilling can facilitate harvesting to a depth of 3-5cm and maintain the marketability of the white parts of the tricolor chives.

[0071] 14) Fertilizer and water management

[0072] During the production and harvesting period of tricolor leeks, top-dress once after each harvest. Apply 50-60 kg of potassium sulfate-based N:P:K 15:15:15 compound fertilizer, 10-20 kg of urea, and 120-150 kg of commercial granular organic fertilizer per mu. Apply 2500-3000 kg of well-rotted and finely crushed organic fertilizer per mu every 2-3 harvests. Water 3-5 times per harvest during the spring and autumn harvesting periods, and 4-6 times per harvest during the summer harvesting period.

[0073] II. Experimental Examples

[0074] This experiment compares the tricolor leek cultivation method of the present invention with the conventional leek cultivation method. The comparison of cultivation effects is shown in Table 1.

[0075] Production mode: Leeks are grown in open field, with a production time of 25-30 days per crop; Three-color leeks are grown in a combination of open field and shaded growth, with an open field growth period of 23-26 days and a shaded growth period of 3-6 days, resulting in a production time of 27-32 days per crop.

[0076] Harvest yield: Both chives and tricolor chives are grown on the same plot of land using the same variety. The planting management levels, such as seedling transplanting, plant spacing, planting density, fertilizer and water management, are the same. The production years and annual harvesting times are also consistent, and there is no significant difference in yield per mu.

[0077] Product Appearance and Quality: Cultivated chives are green, have a high crude fiber content, and are of average quality. Tricolor chives, on the other hand, have green, yellow, and white flowers on the same plant, have low crude fiber content, are of superior quality, and taste good. Every 100g of fresh chives and yellow chives contains approximately 1.1g and 0.7g of crude fiber, respectively, indicating that the crude fiber content decreases when chives are grown in low light or shaded environments.

[0078] Production Investment: The leek production mode is open field production, without investment in arched sheds and shading materials, or labor costs for shading; the tricolor leek production mode is open field + shading, with arched sheds and shading materials (using fiberglass poles or galvanized pipes as the arched shed frame, and black horticultural ground cover and black shade netting as the shading materials) used for a 5-year period. The investment in shading materials per mu per crop is about 700 yuan, and the labor cost for shading and management is about 500 yuan, for a total cost of 1200 yuan per mu per crop.

[0079] Production income: The yield of chives and tricolor chives per crop is 1750 kg / mu. The unit price of chives is 2.5 yuan / kg, and the unit price of tricolor chives is 4.5 yuan / kg. The income per crop is 4375 yuan / mu and 7875 yuan / mu respectively. After deducting the investment of 1200 yuan / mu for shading materials and labor for tricolor chive cultivation, the income of tricolor chives per crop is 2300 yuan / mu more than that of chives, and the annual income is 13800 yuan / mu more, which is 52.57% more than that of chives, showing significant efficiency improvement.

[0080] Table 1. Comparison of cultivation effects of chives and tricolor chives

[0081]

[0082] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating tricolor chives, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After the chives have grown in the open field to a height of 28-35cm, they are shaded for 3-6 days until yellow leaves appear. When the yellow leaves grow to 5-15cm, they are harvested and planted in the soil to a depth of 3-5cm to obtain tricolor chives. The chives are transplanted to a depth of 7-10cm before being grown in the open field. No soil mounding is done in the first and second years. In the third and fourth years, soil is mounded around the base of the chives to a thickness of 3-5cm.

2. The method for cultivating tricolor chives as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shaded growth is carried out in a shaded arched shed, which is made by first covering the arched shed frame with black horticultural ground cover, and then covering the black horticultural ground cover with black shade netting.

3. The method for cultivating tricolor chives as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Water once 2-5 days before the plant begins to grow in shaded conditions.

4. The method for cultivating tricolor chives as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, When cultivating tricolor chives in spring, after the chives have grown to a height of 28-32cm in the open field, they should be shaded for 4-6 days. When cultivating tricolor chives in summer, after the chives have grown to a height of 28-32cm in the open field, they should be shaded for 3-4 days. When cultivating tricolor chives in autumn, after the chives have grown to a height of 28-35cm in the open field, they should be shaded for 3-6 days.

5. The method for cultivating tricolor chives as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, During the shaded growth period, ventilation and moisture removal are carried out at night.

6. The method for cultivating tricolor chives as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When transplanting chives before they are grown in open fields, wide and narrow row spacing should be used. The wide row spacing is 45-50cm and the narrow row spacing is 25-28cm. The roots should be covered with 3-5cm of soil at the time of transplanting. In the third and fourth years, the topsoil of the wide row should be combined with cultivation to mound soil around the chive roots to a thickness of 3-5cm.

7. The method for cultivating tricolor chives as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When cultivating tricolor chives in spring or autumn, gray mold and chive maggots may appear. For gray mold, spray with 40% pyrimethanil suspension emulsion at a dilution of 1000-1200 times or 65% carbendazim wettable powder at a dilution of 600-700 times at the initial stage of the disease, and spray once every 5-7 days. For chive maggots, drench the roots with a mixture of 28% chlorfenapyr·thiamethoxam suspension emulsion at a dilution of 1500-1800 times or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsion at a dilution of 2000-2500 times.

8. The method for cultivating tricolor chives as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When cultivating tricolor chives in summer or autumn, if the chives are affected by blight, chive maggots, leaf miners, and thrips, foliar spraying with 72% cymoxanil-mancozeb wettable powder or 72% metalaxyl-mancozeb wettable powder at a dilution of 700-800 times can be used for control at the initial stage of blight. Spray once every 5-7 days. Alternatively, drench the roots with a mixture of 28% chlorfenapyr-thiamethoxam suspension emulsion at a dilution of 1500-1800 times, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate at a dilution of 2000-2500 times each to control chive maggots, and spray to control adult chive maggots, leaf miners, and thrips.

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