Rapid screening method for high-bait-efficiency character haliotis discus hannai

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid screening method for high-bait-efficiency character haliotis discus hannai. The rapid screening method for the high-bait-efficiency character haliotis discus hannai can be achieved through any one of a mode I and a mode II. Mode I) selecting 12-month-old haliotis discus hannai to perform constant-temperature single-individual breeding, performing hunger stress for 7 days, calculating the specific weight loss rate of each individual after the hunger stress for 7 days, and selecting 50% of individuals with relatively low specific weight loss rate as individuals with relatively high bait efficiency. And II) selecting 12-month-old haliotis discus hannai to carry out constant-temperature single-individual culture, carrying out starvation stress for 10 days, then recovering bait feeding to 28 days, recording the weight change condition of the haliotis discus hannai, calculating the weight gain of each individual in 14-28 days after the bait feeding is recovered, and taking 50% of individuals with higher weight gain as individuals with higher bait efficiency. According to the screening method provided by the invention, the haliotis discus hannai individuals with relatively high bait efficiency characters can be accurately and quickly obtained, the evaluation period is shortened, and the character evaluation cost is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of screening and breeding of Haliotis discus hannai, and in particular to a rapid screening method for Haliotis discus hannai with high bait efficiency traits. Background Art

[0002] Abalone, the top of the "four major seafoods", has high-quality protein and rich nutritional value, and is an important economic shellfish in many countries around the world. my country is the world's largest abalone farming country. By 2023, my country's abalone production will reach 245,000 tons, accounting for about 90% of the world's total. However, the rapid increase in production has also put the abalone market in a dilemma of increasing volume and falling prices, and with the continuous increase in breeding costs, my country's abalone farming industry has entered an era of low profits and high risks. Therefore, controlling the cost of bait has become a top priority for the abalone farming industry.

[0003] Improving abalone feed efficiency means ensuring the same or even higher production level with less input, significantly reducing breeding costs while reducing the output of eutrophic components such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The traditional evaluation of feed efficiency requires accurate acquisition of the actual food intake of each individual. For abalone living in complex benthic water environments, the evaluation of their food intake is particularly difficult. The current effective method for evaluating abalone feed efficiency is a single-individual breeding model, which takes 72 days to evaluate, and requires quantitative feeding and residual bait collection for each abalone every day, which places extremely high demands on manpower and time costs. Therefore, the number of individuals evaluated each time is limited, which greatly limits the efficiency of breeding work and the improvement of selection intensity. Finding an indirect indicator that can quickly predict or indicate the quality of the feed efficiency of the wrinkled abalone has become one of the focuses of breeding work. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a screening method for indirectly and quickly obtaining the relative value of the bait efficiency trait of Haliotis discus henna.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A rapid screening method for abalone with high feed efficiency trait, wherein the rapid screening method for abalone with high feed efficiency trait is performed by any one of methods I) and II);

[0007] Wherein, method I) comprises the following steps:

[0008] The weight of all the individuals of uniformly sized Haliotis discus were accurately measured after random selection, and the weight of each individual was accurately measured after being subjected to starvation stress for 7 days, and the specific weight loss rate of each individual was calculated;

[0009] The specific weight loss rate of each Humpback Abalone is counted, and the Humpback Abalone is sorted from large to small according to the specific weight loss rate, and the bottom 50% of the individuals sorted by the specific weight loss rate are individuals with high bait efficiency;

[0010] Method II) comprises the following steps:

[0011] The weight of all the individuals of uniformly sized Haliotis discus were accurately measured after random selection, and the weight of each individual was accurately measured after 10 days of starvation stress treatment, and the specific weight loss rate of each individual was calculated;

[0012] After starvation stress, individual individuals were fed back to the environment for 28 days. The weight changes during the feeding recovery phase were recorded, and the weight gain of each individual was calculated.

[0013] The weight gain of each Humpback Abalone in 14-28 days was counted, and the Humpback Abalone were sorted from large to small according to weight gain, and the top 50% of the individuals in the 14-28 day weight gain ranking were individuals with high bait efficiency.

[0014] As a possible implementation mode, further, mode I) specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] 1.1) randomly selecting Haliotis discus henna of uniform size, and then transferring them to a constant temperature single-individual culture container for temporary culture for 7 days. During the temporary culture process, they were fed with a sufficient amount of dried kelp every 2-3 days, and 50% of fresh seawater was replaced every day;

[0016] 1.2) After the temporary rearing, the initial body size index of all individuals of Haliotis discus hannai was measured, and they were subjected to a 7-day starvation stress treatment, during which the aquaculture water environment was kept consistent with the temporary rearing process. After the stress was over, the body size index was measured and the specific weight loss rate of each individual was calculated;

[0017] 1.3) After removing the outliers, the Halaenopsis discus was sorted from large to small according to the specific weight loss rate, and the 50% of individuals sorted by the specific weight loss rate were individuals with high bait efficiency.

[0018] As a possible implementation mode, further, mode II) specifically includes the following steps:

[0019] 2.1) randomly selecting Haliotis discus hannai of uniform size, and then transferring them to a constant temperature single-individual culture container for temporary culture for 7 days. During the temporary culture process, they were fed with sufficient amount of dried kelp every 2-3 days, and 50% of fresh seawater was replaced every day;

[0020] 2.2) After the temporary rearing, the initial body size index of all individuals of Haliotis discus henna was measured, and they were subjected to a 10-day starvation stress treatment, during which the aquaculture water environment was kept consistent with the temporary rearing process. After the stress was over, the body size index was measured and the specific weight loss rate of each individual was calculated;

[0021] 2.3) After starvation stress, individual individuals were fed with an equal and sufficient amount of dried kelp every 3 days and the remaining food was collected. The body size of each individual was measured on days 14 and 28 to calculate its weight gain;

[0022] 2.4) After removing the outliers, the Halaenopsis discus was sorted from largest to smallest in terms of weight gain, and the top 50% of the individuals ranked by weight gain in 14-28 days were considered to have high feeding efficiency.

[0023] As a possible implementation mode, further, during the temporary culture process of method I) and method II), the water temperature is maintained at 21±1°C, the dissolved oxygen is 6.5±0.2 mg / L, the salinity is 29±1 ppt, and the pH is 8.0±0.2.

[0024] As a possible implementation mode, further, during the temporary rearing process of method I) and method II), a sufficient amount of dried kelp is fed to ensure that each abalone has surplus bait before the next feeding.

[0025] As a possible implementation mode, further, in step 2.3), an equal and sufficient amount of dried kelp is fed to each individual every 3 days and the residual bait is collected. The amount of dried kelp fed is 5%-7% of the body weight, and the amount of kelp fed increases with the increase of body weight to ensure that each abalone has residual bait before the next feeding.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1) The method for screening abalone with high feed efficiency trait provided by the present invention can accurately and quickly obtain abalone individuals with high feed efficiency trait, serve the evaluation and breeding of the feed efficiency trait of abalone, shorten the evaluation cycle, and greatly reduce the cost of trait evaluation.

[0028] 2) The present invention proves through experiments that individuals of Abalone discus with high feed efficiency have better tolerance when dealing with starvation stress, which is specifically manifested as a lower specific weight loss rate. By recording the weight changes of Abalone discus with 7 days of starvation stress, and further calculating the specific weight loss rate, individuals with higher feed efficiency can be selected. In addition, individuals with higher feed efficiency can be selected by resuming feeding to 28 days after 10 days of starvation stress and recording their weight gain in 14-28 days. Both of the above methods can quickly screen out individuals of Abalone discus with higher feed traits in a relatively short period of time, thereby raising seedlings for their species, efficiently selecting individuals with high feed efficiency traits that meet the breeding requirements, and accelerating the breeding process of Abalone discus. This new indirect screening index can not only be used in the selection and breeding of Abalone discus, but can also be tried in the breeding of other marine economic shellfish, which will accelerate the breeding process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a brief schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the difference in feed efficiency between the high and low specific weight loss rates of the groups under 7-day starvation stress;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a graph analyzing the difference in feed efficiency between the high and low weight gain groups after 10 days of starvation stress and then refeeding for 14-28 days. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] See attached Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a rapid screening method for Haliotis discus hannai with high feed efficiency traits, and the rapid screening method for Haliotis discus hannai with high feed efficiency traits is performed by any one of methods I) and II);

[0036] Wherein, method I) comprises the following steps:

[0037] 1.1) Randomly select Haliotis discus henna of uniform size and accurately measure the body weight of all individuals, subject them to 7 days of starvation stress treatment and accurately measure their body weight, and calculate the specific weight loss rate of each individual;

[0038] 1.2) The specific weight loss rate of each Haliotis discus hannai is counted, and the Haliotis discus hannai is sorted from large to small according to the specific weight loss rate, and the bottom 50% of the individuals sorted by the specific weight loss rate are the individuals with higher bait efficiency.

[0039] Method II) comprises the following steps:

[0040] 2.1) Randomly select Haliotis discus henna of uniform size and accurately measure the body weight of all individuals, subject them to 10 days of starvation stress treatment and accurately measure their body weight, and calculate the specific weight loss rate of each individual;

[0041] 2.2) After starvation stress, the individual animals were fed again for 28 days, and the weight changes during the feeding recovery phase were recorded, and the weight gain of each individual was calculated;

[0042] 2.3) The weight gain of each Haliotis discus hannai in 14-28 days is counted, and the Haliotis discus hannai is sorted from largest to smallest in terms of weight gain, and the top 50% of the individuals in terms of weight gain in 14-28 days are regarded as individuals with high bait efficiency.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] This example verifies the effectiveness of a rapid screening method for abalone with high feed efficiency, and the steps are as follows:

[0045] (1) Selecting uniform-sized Haliotis discus henna for constant temperature individual culture, and measuring the feed efficiency trait of each individual (using FER, feed efficiency ratio as the discriminant index);

[0046] (2) After obtaining the bait properties, starvation stress and recovery feeding experiments of different gradients were carried out, and the relevant indicators of weight loss during starvation stress and weight gain during recovery feeding were recorded;

[0047] (3) The relevant indicators of weight loss during starvation stress and weight gain during recovery feeding of the wrinkled abalone were analyzed with their own feed efficiency traits. The results showed that some indicators were highly linearly correlated with the feed efficiency traits.

[0048] The specific steps of validity proof are as follows:

[0049] (1) Experimental materials: 400 10-month-old Haliotis discus henna of uniform size, all from Minruibao Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province;

[0050] (2) Experimental methods:

[0051] (2.1) 400 Haliotis discus henna of uniform size were selected and transferred to a constant temperature single-individual culture container for temporary culture for 7 days. During the temporary culture, sufficient amount of dried kelp was fed every 2-3 days, and 50% of fresh seawater was replaced every day. The water temperature was maintained at 21±1°C, dissolved oxygen was 6.5±0.2mg / L, salinity was 29±1ppt, and pH was 8.0±0.2;

[0052] (2.2) After the temporary rearing, the initial body size indicators were measured, and the feed efficiency trait evaluation experiment was carried out. In the evaluation experiment, the aquaculture water environment was kept consistent with the temporary rearing process. In addition, each abalone was fed with dried kelp once every 3 days and the residual bait was collected. The amount of kelp fed to each abalone was sufficient and equal, approximately 5%-7% of body weight. The amount of kelp fed increased with the increase in body weight to ensure that each abalone had remaining bait before the next feeding. The dried kelp used in the experiment was purchased from the same factory and met the production standards for abalone feed. After the 72-day breeding experiment, the food intake and weight gain were counted, and the feed efficiency trait value of each individual was calculated;

[0053] (2.3) According to the evaluation results of feeding efficiency, 150 H. discus with high feeding efficiency and 150 H. discus with low feeding efficiency were selected, totaling 300. They were divided into 6 groups based on their body weight, with 50 in each group, including 25 in each group and 25 in each group. The mean feeding efficiency and body weight of each group remained consistent.

[0054] (2.4) Conduct starvation stress experiments at different levels. The six experimental treatments were starvation for 3 days, 7 days, 10 days, 14 days, 21 days, and a control group with normal feeding;

[0055] (2.5) Observe and record the body size of each Haliotis discus henna during the starvation stress stage. After the starvation stress ends, resume feeding and record the changes in body size. The resumption feeding time of all starvation stress groups is based on the growth rate of the group compared with the control group. When there is no significant difference, the resumption feeding process ends.

[0056] (2.6) Data calculation and arrangement:

[0057] A correlation analysis was conducted between the weight loss-related indicators in the starvation stress stage and the weight gain-related indicators in the recovery feeding stage and their own feed efficiency values ​​in each experimental group. The two indicators with the highest correlation in the two stages were screened out, and the differences in feed efficiency trait values ​​were further analyzed.

[0058] (3) Analysis of results:

[0059] (3.1) Correlation analysis results between weight loss related indicators during the starvation stress stage and weight gain related indicators during the recovery feeding stage and their own feed efficiency values:

[0060] Table 1 Correlation coefficients between body weight change indexes and feed efficiency trait values ​​during starvation stress and recovery feeding

[0061]

[0062] As can be seen from Table 1, the specific weight loss rate during the starvation stress stage was negatively correlated with the feed efficiency trait, with the largest correlation coefficient being the 7-day starvation stress group (r=-0.71); for a short period of time at the beginning of the recovery feeding stage (adaptation period), the correlation coefficient between the weight gain index of each treatment group and its own feed efficiency trait was not high, but in the following period of time, its weight gain was positively correlated with the feed efficiency trait, with the largest correlation coefficient being the 14-28 day stage when feeding was resumed after 10 days of starvation stress (r=0.79).

[0063] Example 3

[0064] This example further ranks the specific weight loss rate of 7 days of starvation and the weight gain of 14-28 days of refeeding after 10 days of starvation, and compares the difference significance of the feed efficiency trait values ​​of the first and last 50% of the individuals. The specific experimental method is as follows:

[0065] (1) Experimental materials: 100 10-month-old Haliotis discus henna of uniform size, all from Minruibao Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province;

[0066] (2) Experimental methods:

[0067] (2.1) 100 Haliotis discus henna of uniform size were selected and randomly divided into two groups, each with 50 individuals. The individuals were then transferred to a constant temperature single-individual culture container for temporary culture for 7 days. During the temporary culture process, sufficient amount of dried kelp was fed every 2-3 days, and 50% of fresh seawater was replaced every day. The water temperature was maintained at 21±1°C, dissolved oxygen was 6.5±0.2 mg / L, salinity was 29±1 ppt, and pH was 8.0±0.2;

[0068] (2.2) After the temporary rearing, the initial body size index was measured. The two groups of abalone were subjected to starvation stress for 7 days and 10 days respectively. The aquaculture water environment was kept consistent with the temporary rearing process. After the stress was over, the body size index was measured and the weight loss was calculated;

[0069] (2.3) The 10-day group was fed with an individual recovery feeding treatment. Every 3 days, each individual was fed with an equal and sufficient amount of dried kelp and the remaining food was collected. The body size of each individual was measured on days 14 and 28, and its weight gain was calculated.

[0070] (2.4) Data calculation and arrangement:

[0071] For the 7-day stress group, the weight loss index of all individuals after removing the outliers was analyzed for correlation with their own feed efficiency trait values, and then the top and bottom 50% individuals were selected according to the ranking of weight loss indexes for significant difference analysis of feed efficiency trait values;

[0072] For the 10-day stress group, the correlation analysis was performed between the 14-28-day weight gain index of all individuals after removing the abnormal values ​​and their own feed efficiency trait values, and then the top and bottom 50% individuals were selected according to the ranking of weight gain index to perform a significant difference analysis on the feed efficiency trait values;

[0073] (3) Analysis of the results:

[0074] (3.1) The following table takes the 7-day stress group as an example to list the values ​​of some individual feed efficiency traits and the relevant data of weight loss index after starvation stress:

[0075]

[0076] (3.2) The results of the correlation analysis between the weight loss related indicators during the starvation stress stage and the weight gain related indicators during the recovery feeding stage and their own feed efficiency values ​​(expressed as the correlation coefficient r) are shown in the following table:

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] From the data in the above table, we can see that the specific weight loss rate in the starvation stress stage is negatively correlated with the feed efficiency trait, and the largest correlation coefficient is in the 7-day starvation stress group; the weight gain in the recovery feeding stage is positively correlated with the feed efficiency trait, and the largest correlation coefficient is in the 14-28 day stage when feeding is resumed after 10 days of starvation stress.

[0080] (3.3) The specific weight loss rate of the 7-day starvation group and the weight gain of the 10-day starvation group followed by 14-28 days of refeeding were further ranked, and the significance of the difference in feed efficiency between the top and bottom 50% of the individuals was compared.

[0081] See attached Figure 2 As shown, the feed efficiency of the last 50% of individuals in the 7-day starvation group (i.e., the low specific weight loss rate group) was higher than that of the first 50% of individuals (i.e., the high specific weight loss rate group).

[0082] See attached Figure 3 As shown, in the group starved for 10 days and then fed for 14-28 days, the feed efficiency of the first 50% of the individuals (i.e., the high growth group) was higher than that of the last 50% of the individuals (i.e., the low growth group).

[0083] (3.4) Data analysis:

[0084] The analysis by Excel software showed that the specific weight loss rate of Abalone discus humphead under 7-day starvation stress and the weight gain during the 14-28-day period of re-feeding after 10-day starvation stress were highly linearly correlated with their own feed efficiency traits.

[0085] SPSS software analysis showed that after ranking the specific weight loss rate of the 7-day starvation group and the weight gain of the 10-day starvation group followed by 14-28 days of feeding, the one-way ANOVA of the feed efficiency of the top 50% of the individuals showed that the P values ​​were all less than 0.01, indicating that screening feed efficiency traits based on these two indicators is representative.

[0086] (4) Conclusion and discussion:

[0087] The specific weight loss rate of H. discus houndii after 7 days of starvation showed a high negative correlation with its own feed efficiency (r=-0.71), and the weight gain of the group starved for 10 days and then fed for 14-28 days showed a high positive correlation with its own feed efficiency (r=0.79). The H. discus houndii with lower specific weight loss rate had higher feed efficiency, and the H. discus houndii with higher weight gain during the recovery feeding stage had higher feed efficiency (P<0.01).

[0088] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid screening method for high feed efficiency traits of Haliotis discus hannai, characterized in that: A rapid screening method for Haliotis discus hannai with high feed efficiency trait by any one of methods I) and II); Wherein, method I) comprises the following steps: The humphead abalones of uniform size were randomly selected and their weights were accurately measured. After being subjected to starvation stress for 7 days, their weights were accurately measured, and the specific weight loss rate of each individual was calculated. The specific weight loss rate of each Humpback Abalone is counted, and the Humpback Abalone is sorted from large to small according to the specific weight loss rate, and the bottom 50% of the individuals sorted by the specific weight loss rate are individuals with high bait efficiency; Method II) comprises the following steps: The weight of all the individuals of uniformly sized Haliotis discus were accurately measured after random selection, and the weight of each individual was accurately measured after 10 days of starvation stress treatment, and the specific weight loss rate of each individual was calculated; After starvation stress, individual individuals were fed back to the environment for 28 days. The weight changes during the feeding recovery phase were recorded, and the weight gain of each individual was calculated. The weight gain of each Humpback Abalone in 14-28 days was counted, and the Humpback Abalone were sorted from large to small according to weight gain, and the top 50% of the individuals in the 14-28 day weight gain ranking were individuals with high bait efficiency.

2. The rapid screening method of high feed efficiency trait Haliotis discus hannai according to claim 1, characterized in that, Method I) specifically includes the following steps: 1.1) randomly selecting Haliotis discus henna of uniform size, and then transferring them to a constant temperature single-individual culture container for temporary culture for 7 days. During the temporary culture process, they were fed with a sufficient amount of dried kelp every 2-3 days, and 50% of fresh seawater was replaced every day; 1.2) After the temporary rearing, the initial body size index of all individuals of Haliotis discus hannai was measured, and they were subjected to a 7-day starvation stress treatment, during which the aquaculture water environment was kept consistent with the temporary rearing process. After the stress was over, the body size index was measured and the specific weight loss rate of each individual was calculated; 1.3) After removing the outliers, the Halaenopsis discus was sorted from large to small according to the specific weight loss rate, and the 50% of individuals sorted by the specific weight loss rate were individuals with high bait efficiency.

3. The rapid screening method of the high feed efficiency trait Haliotis discus hannai according to claim 2, characterized in that, Method II) specifically includes the following steps: 2.1) randomly selecting Haliotis discus hannai of uniform size, and then transferring them to a constant temperature single-individual culture container for temporary culture for 7 days. During the temporary culture process, they were fed with sufficient amount of dried kelp every 2-3 days, and 50% of fresh seawater was replaced every day; 2.2) After the temporary rearing, the initial body size index of all individuals of Haliotis discus henna was measured, and they were subjected to a 10-day starvation stress treatment, during which the aquaculture water environment was kept consistent with the temporary rearing process. After the stress was over, the body size index was measured and the specific weight loss rate of each individual was calculated; 2.3) After starvation stress, individual individuals were fed with an equal and sufficient amount of dried kelp every 3 days and the remaining food was collected. The body size of each individual was measured on days 14 and 28 to calculate its weight gain; 2.4) After removing the outliers, the Halaenopsis discus was sorted from largest to smallest in terms of weight gain, and the top 50% of the individuals ranked by weight gain in 14-28 days were considered to have high feeding efficiency.

4. The rapid screening method of the high feed efficiency trait Haliotis discus hannai according to claim 3, wherein: During the temporary culture process of Method I) and Method II), the water temperature was maintained at 21±1°C, the dissolved oxygen was 6.5±0.2 mg / L, the salinity was 29±1 ppt, and the pH was 8.0±0.

2.

5. The rapid screening method of Haliotis discus hannai with high feed efficiency trait according to claim 3, characterized in that, During the temporary rearing process of Method I) and Method II), sufficient amount of dried kelp was fed to ensure that each abalone had some food left before the next feeding.

6. The rapid screening method for high feed efficiency traits of Haliotis discus hannai according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 2.3), each individual is fed an equal and sufficient amount of dried kelp every 3 days and the remaining bait is collected. The amount of dried kelp fed is 5%-7% of body weight. The amount of kelp fed increases with the increase of body weight to ensure that each abalone has remaining bait before the next feeding.

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