Slope displacement monitoring and early warning method and inclinometer

Abstract

The invention provides a slope displacement monitoring and early warning method and an inclinometer, and belongs to the field of slope displacement monitoring and disaster early warning. Before the inclinometer is installed, the GPS positioning device is embedded into a monitoring point at the top end of a connecting rod of the inclinometer, namely a monitoring zero point. When the inclinometer is installed, a monitoring zero point is located on the ground surface, and the GPS positioning device automatically obtains real-time dynamic three-dimensional coordinate information of the monitoring zero point. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring measurement data of a deep part of a landslide based on an inclinometer, performing conversion processing on the measurement data according to a monitoring zero point, automatically acquiring displacements of an effective deep part in X, Y and Z directions and an accumulated resultant displacement, and obtaining actual displacements and movement trends of all monitoring points of the deep part of the side slope. And the early warning threshold value is compared with the proposed early warning threshold value, and if the early warning threshold value is exceeded, the system automatically sends out early warning information, so that field construction personnel can make a judgment in time and evacuate. According to the invention, powerful technical guarantee is provided for safe operation, production informatization and automation of mine engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of slope displacement monitoring and disaster early warning, and in particular relates to a slope displacement monitoring and early warning method and an inclinometer. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing demand for mineral resources, the mining depth of open-pit mines is also gradually increasing. Correspondingly, the slope problem of open-pit mines has become one of the research focuses. Unlike other engineering slopes, the slope of open-pit mines has obvious dynamic characteristics. As the mining activities proceed, the rock mass will undergo an unloading process, and the excavation depth and the height and angle of the slope in the mining area will continue to increase. In addition, the influencing factors in the mining process are complex and the engineering activities are diverse. If the displacement change data of the deep and surface slopes cannot be obtained in time, the entire slope may be deformed, instability and other serious consequences. Therefore, the use of appropriate monitoring instruments to realize the automatic monitoring and early warning of deep and surface deformation has become an inevitable requirement for the informatization and automation of open-pit mine production.

[0003] At present, most flexible inclinometers used to monitor deep displacement of slopes use the top or bottom monitoring point of the inclinometer as the reference point by default. Assuming that the coordinates of the reference point do not change, the coordinates and displacement changes of other monitoring points are calculated based on the coordinates of the reference point. However, the slope area monitored by the inclinometer may have an overall sliding situation. In this case, the coordinates of the reference point will change accordingly. The data obtained by the traditional method cannot truly reflect the changes in the deep and surface displacements of the slope and the overall movement trend of the slope. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method and inclinometer device suitable for open-pit mine slope displacement monitoring and early warning. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a slope displacement monitoring and early warning method and an inclinometer to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] The invention provides an inclinometer, which comprises a GPS positioning device, a monitoring point and an inclinometer connecting rod; the monitoring points are evenly distributed on the inclinometer connecting rod, the monitoring point at the top is set as a monitoring zero point, and the GPS positioning device is embedded in the top monitoring point of the inclinometer.

[0007] A slope displacement monitoring and early warning method, comprising the following steps: (1) Before installing the inclinometer, embed a GPS positioning device into the top monitoring point of the inclinometer connecting rod, i.e., the monitoring zero point. When the inclinometer is installed, the monitoring zero point is located on the ground surface, and the GPS positioning device automatically obtains the real-time dynamic three-dimensional coordinate information of the monitoring zero point. When the monitoring zero point is used as the reference point, the problem that the coordinates of the reference point change in the traditional method causes the data of other monitoring points to be inconsistent with the actual situation is overcome. (2) Based on the measurement data of the deep part of the landslide obtained by the inclinometer, these measurement data are converted according to the monitoring zero point, and the displacement in the effective deep X, Y, and Z directions and the accumulated total displacement are automatically obtained to obtain the actual displacement and movement trend of each monitoring point in the deep part of the slope. (3) Compare with the proposed early warning threshold. If the early warning threshold is exceeded, the system will automatically issue an early warning message so that on-site construction personnel can make a judgment and evacuate in time.

[0008] The step (2): select the monitored area, plan the layout of the monitoring points 2, drill holes in the slope, install the inclinometer 5, the system automatically obtains the initial coordinates D0 (X0, Y0, Z0) of the monitoring zero point, records the distance and burial depth of each monitoring point 2, and then calculates the coordinates of other monitoring points 2 by the angle displacement principle. When the slope is displaced, the inclinometer 5 moves along with the rock and soil body. At this time, the inclinometer 5 automatically reads the angle of displacement of each monitoring point 2, and uses the GPS positioning device 1 on the top to automatically obtain the real-time coordinates D'0 of the monitoring zero point. Next, the angle displacement principle is used to calculate the actual displacement of the deep part of the slope body in the X, Y, and Z directions.

[0009] The specific calculation steps are as follows:

[0010] First, according to the initial coordinate D0 of the monitoring zero point, each monitoring point D i Coordinate (X Di , Y Di , Z Di ), when the slope slides, the system automatically obtains the real-time coordinates of the monitoring zero point D'0 (X'0, Y0', Z'0), and uses the real-time coordinates of the monitoring zero point D'0 as the reference point to calculate the real-time coordinates of other monitoring points D i '(X' Di , Y D ' i , Z' Di ), the coordinates of other monitoring points are calculated according to the following formula:

[0011] X' Di =X'0+∑L xi sinα xi

[0012] Y D ' i =Y0'+∑Lyi sinα yi

[0013] Z' Di = Z'0-∑L i cosα zi

[0014] Among them, L i is the length of the i-th connecting rod (3), L xi For L i Projection on the XZ plane, α xi For L xi The angle with the positive direction of the Z coordinate axis, L yi For L i Projection on the YZ plane, α iy For L yi The angle with the positive direction of the Z coordinate axis, α zi For L i The angle between the positive direction of the Z coordinate axis and the X, Y, and Z directions of each monitoring point is calculated:

[0015]

[0016] Finally, it is concluded that each monitoring point is at the level ΔV Di and vertical ΔH Di The magnitude of displacement in the direction:

[0017]

[0018] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The slope displacement monitoring and early warning method and inclinometer proposed in the present invention overcome the problems that the traditional method cannot accurately obtain the coordinates of the reference point, resulting in the data obtained not being able to truly reflect the changes in the deep and surface displacements of the slope and the overall movement trend of the slope causing inaccurate results. It can realize accurate 7×24-hour automatic monitoring of the deep displacement changes of the open-pit mine slope, timely analyze the monitoring data, and realize automatic system early warning according to the proposed early warning threshold. Mine workers make slope reinforcement designs or evacuate workers in time according to the early warning information, effectively avoiding casualties and economic losses, and providing strong technical guarantees for the safe operation of mining projects, production informatization and automation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 Inclinometer device.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a profile of a slope in the inclinometer monitoring area.

[0022] Figure 4 This is the cross-section diagram of a slope after displacement.

[0023] Figure 5 This is the principle diagram of angle-displacement calculation.

[0024] Figure 6 This is the slope profile of an open-pit mine.

[0025] In the figure: 1 is the GPS positioning device; 2 is the monitoring point; 3 is the inclinometer connecting rod; 4 is the original slope surface; 5 is the inclinometer; 6 is the position of the inclinometer obtained by the traditional method; 7 is the actual position, that is, the position of the inclinometer obtained by the method of the present invention; 8 is the slope surface after the slope slides. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the slope displacement monitoring method and inclinometer device described in the present invention, the specific process of the present invention is:

[0028] Step 1: Before installing the inclinometer 5, embed the GPS positioning device 1 into the top monitoring point 2 of the inclinometer connecting rod 3, i.e., the monitoring zero point. When the inclinometer 5 is installed, the monitoring zero point is located on the ground surface, and the GPS positioning device 1 automatically obtains the real-time dynamic three-dimensional coordinate information of the monitoring zero point, such as Figure 2 As shown, 1 is a GPS positioning device, 2 is a monitoring point, and 3 is an inclinometer connecting rod.

[0029] Step 2: Select the monitored area, plan the layout of the monitoring points 2, drill holes in the slope, install the inclinometer 5, and the system automatically obtains the initial coordinates D0 (X0, Y0, Z0) of the monitoring zero point, records the distance and burial depth of each monitoring point 2, and then calculates the coordinates of other monitoring points 2 through the principle of angle displacement. Figure 3 The slope profile of the area where the inclinometer is located. 4 is the original slope, 5 is the inclinometer, and the inclinometer 5 is powered by wind and solar energy, and sends monitoring data to the monitoring cloud platform through a wireless transmitter.

[0030] Step 3: When the slope moves, the inclinometer 5 moves along with the rock and soil. At this time, the inclinometer 5 automatically reads the offset angle of each monitoring point 2, and uses the GPS positioning device 1 on the top to automatically obtain the real-time coordinate D'0 of the monitoring zero point. Next, the actual displacement of the deep part of the slope in the X, Y, and Z directions is calculated using the angle displacement principle, as shown in Figure 3. Figure 4 shown. Figure 4 4 is the original slope surface, 5 is the initial position of the inclinometer, 6 is the position of the inclinometer obtained by the traditional method, 7 is the actual position, i.e. the position of the inclinometer obtained by the method of the present invention, and 8 is the slope surface after the slope slides. The specific calculation steps are as follows:

[0031] First, according to the initial coordinate D0 of the monitoring zero point, each monitoring point D i Coordinate (X Di , Y Di , Z Di ), when the slope slides, the system automatically obtains the real-time coordinates of the monitoring zero point D'0 (X'0, Y0', Z'0), and uses the real-time coordinates of the monitoring zero point D'0 as the reference point to calculate the real-time coordinates of other monitoring points The coordinates of other monitoring points are calculated according to the following formula:

[0032] X' Di =X'0+∑L xi sinα xi

[0033] Y D ' i =Y0'+∑L yi sinα yi

[0034] Z' Di = Z'0-∑L i cosα zi

[0035] Among them, L i is the length of the i-th connecting rod (3), L xi For L i Projection on the XZ plane, α xi For L xi The angle with the positive direction of the Z coordinate axis, L yi For L i Projection on the YZ plane, α iy For L yi The angle with the positive direction of the Z coordinate axis, α zi For L i The angle with the positive direction of the Z coordinate axis.

[0036] Next, calculate the displacement of each monitoring point in the X, Y, and Z directions:

[0037]

[0038] Finally, it is concluded that each monitoring point is horizontal and vertical The magnitude of displacement in the direction:

[0039]

[0040] The horizontal and vertical displacements of each inclinometer at the vertical monitoring point 2 in the deep part of the landslide reflect the displacement trend in the deep part of the landslide. The system automatically determines the actual displacement and the proposed warning threshold, as shown in Table 1. If the warning threshold is exceeded, the system automatically issues a warning message so that on-site construction personnel can make a judgment and evacuate in time.

[0041] Table 1 Warning threshold range

[0042]

[0043] Combine the following Figure 6 Give an example.

[0044] like Figure 6 The figure shows the profile of a slope in an open pit mine. The slope is 130m high, the horizontal projection is 185m long, and the overall slope is 1:1.42.

[0045] Inclinometer installation position Figure 6 As shown in Table 2, the initial coordinates of the monitoring zero point during installation are D0 (356095.00000, 4616646.91000, 1491.36000). When the slope is displaced, according to the traditional method, it is assumed that the vertex coordinates do not change, the reference point coordinates are D0, and the coordinates and displacements of other monitoring points of the inclinometer are calculated based on D0, as shown in Table 2; however, in actual situations, the vertex displacement will change, and the real-time coordinates of the monitoring zero point D'0 (356095.00720, 4616646.91500, 1491.34874) are automatically obtained by using GPS. With the method of the present invention, the reference point coordinates become D'0 at this time, and the coordinates of other monitoring points of the inclinometer are calculated based on D'0 combined with the angle displacement formula, as shown in Table 2.

[0046] It can be seen from Table 2 that the displacement value obtained by the traditional method is within the safe range, the risk level is none, and the monitoring position is in a safe state; the actual displacement value obtained by the method of the present invention has exceeded the warning threshold, and the risk level is high risk. At this time, the system determines that the actual displacement has exceeded the warning threshold and automatically issues a high-risk level warning information.

[0047] Therefore, by comparison, it is found that: the traditional method, whether it takes the inclinometer vertex as the reference point or the bottom monitoring point as the reference point, can obtain the displacement of other monitoring points, but ignores the displacement change of the reference point. The obtained data cannot reflect the actual change of the deep and surface displacement of the slope and the overall movement trend of the slope, resulting in inaccurate results; while the present invention takes the displacement change of the reference point into consideration, not only can the displacement change of each monitoring point be accurately obtained, but also the system can realize automatic warning according to the proposed warning threshold, thereby ensuring the informatization and automation of mining engineering production.

[0048] Table 2 Comparison of results between traditional method and the method of the present invention

[0049]

Claims

1. An inclinometer, It is characterized in that The inclinometer comprises a GPS positioning device (1), monitoring points (2) and an inclinometer connecting rod (3); the monitoring points (2) are evenly distributed on the inclinometer connecting rod (3), the topmost monitoring point (2) is set as the monitoring zero point, and the GPS positioning device (1) is embedded in the top monitoring point (2) of the inclinometer (5).

2. A slope displacement monitoring and early warning method, It is characterized in that It is necessary to use the inclinometer described in claim 1, and the steps are: (1) Before the inclinometer (5) is installed, the GPS positioning device (1) is embedded in the top monitoring point of the inclinometer connecting rod (3), that is, the monitoring zero point; when the inclinometer (5) is installed, the monitoring zero point is located on the ground surface, and the GPS positioning device (1) automatically obtains the real-time dynamic three-dimensional coordinate information of the monitoring zero point; (2) obtaining measurement data of the deep part of the landslide based on the inclinometer (5), converting these measurement data according to the monitoring zero point, automatically obtaining the displacement in the effective deep part in the X, Y, and Z directions and the accumulated total displacement, and obtaining the actual displacement and movement trend of each monitoring point in the deep part of the slope; (3) Compare with the proposed warning threshold. If the warning threshold is exceeded, the system will automatically issue a warning message so that on-site construction personnel can make a timely judgment and evacuate.

3. A slope displacement monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that Furthermore, in step (2), the monitored area is selected, the arrangement of the monitoring points (2) is planned, holes are drilled in the slope, an inclinometer (5) is installed, and the system automatically obtains the initial coordinate D of the monitoring zero point. 0 (X 0 , Y 0 , Z 0 ), record the distance and burial depth of each monitoring point (2), then calculate the coordinates of other monitoring points (2) by the angle displacement principle; when the slope is displaced, the inclinometer (5) moves along with the rock mass, at which time the inclinometer (5) automatically reads the angle of displacement of each monitoring point (2), and uses the GPS positioning device (1) on the top to automatically obtain the real-time coordinate D' of the monitoring zero point 0 , then the angle displacement principle is used to calculate the actual displacement of the deep part of the slope in the X, Y, and Z directions.

4. A slope displacement monitoring and early warning method according to claim 3, It is characterized in that Furthermore, the specific calculation steps are as follows: First, according to the initial coordinates D of the monitoring zero point 0 Each monitoring point D can be automatically obtained i Coordinate (X Di , Y Di , Z Di ), when the slope slides, the system automatically obtains the real-time coordinates of the monitoring zero point D' 0 (X' 0 , Y' 0 , Z' 0 ) to monitor the real-time coordinates of the zero point D' 0 Calculate the real-time coordinates of other monitoring points for the reference point The coordinates of other monitoring points are calculated according to the following formula: X' Di =X' 0 +∑L xi sinα xi AND' Di =And' 0 +∑L yi sina yi Z' Di =Z' 0 -∑L i cosα zi Among them, L i is the length of the i-th connecting rod (3), L xi For L i Projection on the XZ plane, α xi For L xi The angle with the positive direction of the Z coordinate axis, L yi For L i Projection on the YZ plane, α iy For L yi The angle with the positive direction of the Z coordinate axis, α zi For L i The angle with the positive direction of the Z coordinate axis; Next, calculate the displacement of each monitoring point in the X, Y, and Z directions: Finally, it is concluded that each monitoring point is horizontal and vertical The magnitude of displacement in the direction: The displacement trend of the deep part of the landslide is reflected by the horizontal and vertical displacement of each inclinometer (5) at the vertical monitoring point in the deep part of the landslide.

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