A method and apparatus for calculating the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves.

Abstract

This application provides a method and apparatus for simulating the effective number of seismic wave coverages, belonging to the field of seismic exploration technology. The method includes: after acquiring the design parameters of a three-dimensional observation system, determining the maximum coverage number of simulated seismic waves under a conventional three-dimensional observation system based on the design parameters; acquiring geological information parameters and establishing a parameter lookup table, and determining the critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic waves using the parameters in the table; determining the critical refraction shot-receiver distance corresponding to the geological interface based on the critical threshold and the parameters in the lookup table; and finally determining the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves based on the design parameters, the maximum coverage number, and the critical refraction shot-receiver distance. For different regions, the critical threshold of the incident angle of seismic waves in that region is determined using the actually acquired geological information parameters, and the effective coverage number of shallow and intermediate geological interfaces at different burial depths is recalculated accordingly, taking into account the calculation error caused by the critical threshold of the incident angle, making the calculation results more accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of seismic exploration technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium for calculating the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves. Background Technology

[0002] Simulated seismic waves are a commonly used technique in the field of geological exploration. They are generated artificially from different angles to simulate seismic waves and collect relevant data on reflected waves. Through multi-dimensional modeling, the geological structure of the target area is analyzed, which is of great significance in natural resource exploration and geological analysis.

[0003] In related technologies, artificially established earthquake observation systems require the design of numerous parameters such as the number of simulated seismic wave coverages, maximum shot-receiver distance, and line spacing. By combining the characteristics of the incident and reflected waves of the simulated seismic waves and performing analysis and calculations according to preset formulas, the required number of simulated seismic wave coverages for geological layers at different depths can be obtained.

[0004] However, in the existing technical solutions, when calculating the effective coverage times for shallow to medium-shallow geological layers, the influence of the maximum incident angle of the simulated seismic wave on the design parameters of the observation system is not taken into account, resulting in low accuracy and insufficient precision of the calculation results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a method and apparatus for calculating the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves, in order to solve the problem of insufficient accuracy of the results of existing methods for calculating the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for calculating the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves, including:

[0007] Obtain the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, and determine the simulated seismic waves under the three-dimensional observation system based on the design parameters;

[0008] Obtain geological information parameters and establish a geological layer parameter reference table based on the geological information parameters;

[0009] The critical threshold for the incident angle of simulated seismic waves is determined by the parameters in the geological layer parameter reference table.

[0010] Based on the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table, determine the critical refraction shot-receiver distance corresponding to the geological interface;

[0011] The effective coverage number of the simulated seismic wave is determined based on the design parameters, the maximum coverage number, and the critical refraction shot-receiver distance.

[0012] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a calculation device for simulating the effective coverage number of seismic waves, comprising:

[0013] The design parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system and determine the maximum number of times the simulated seismic waves are covered under the three-dimensional observation system based on the design parameters.

[0014] Obtain geological information parameters and establish a geological layer parameter reference table based on the geological information parameters;

[0015] The critical threshold determination module is used to determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic wave using the parameters in the geological layer parameter lookup table.

[0016] The shot-receiver distance determination module is used to determine the critical refraction shot-receiver distance corresponding to the geological interface based on the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table.

[0017] The coverage number determination module is used to determine the effective coverage number of the simulated seismic wave based on the design parameters, the maximum coverage number, and the critical refraction shot-receiver distance.

[0018] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including: a processor;

[0019] Memory used to store the processor's executable instructions;

[0020] The processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the method.

[0021] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium that, when the instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are executed by a processor of an electronic device, enables the electronic device to perform the method.

[0022] In this embodiment, after obtaining the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, the simulated seismic waves under a conventional three-dimensional observation system are first determined based on the design parameters. Then, geological information parameters are obtained, and a geological layer parameter lookup table is established based on these parameters. The critical threshold for the incident angle of the simulated seismic waves is determined using the parameters in the geological layer parameter lookup table. The critical refraction shot-receiver distance corresponding to the geological interface is determined according to the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter lookup table. Finally, the effective coverage number of the simulated seismic waves is determined based on the design parameters, the maximum coverage number, and the critical refraction shot-receiver distance. For different regions, a lookup table is established using the actually acquired geological information parameters to determine the critical threshold for the incident angle of the seismic waves for that region. Based on this, the accurate and effective coverage number of shallow geological interfaces at different burial depths is recalculated, eliminating calculation errors caused by the critical threshold for the incident angle and making the calculation results more accurate.

[0023] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, specific embodiments of this application are given below. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. The same reference symbols are used throughout the drawings to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a simplified implementation flowchart of a method for calculating the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the definition of a unit surface area according to an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of simulating the propagation of seismic waves through the Earth's medium, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the characteristics of a maximum shot-receiver distance provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a flowchart showing the detailed implementation steps of a method for calculating the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of a device for calculating the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a functional component relationship diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a functional component relationship diagram of another electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following describes exemplary embodiments of the present application in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present application and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a simplified implementation diagram of a method for calculating the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the steps of the method include:

[0035] Step 101: Obtain the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, and determine the maximum number of times the simulated seismic waves are covered under the three-dimensional observation system based on the design parameters.

[0036] This application provides a method for simulating seismic wave coverage with effective number of coverage iterations, applied to simulated seismic wave coverage in a three-dimensional observation system. In geological exploration, to obtain seismic reflection wave data for interpreting the geological structural features, stratigraphic distribution patterns, and hydrocarbon distribution characteristics of the subsurface, a multiple coverage observation method is typically employed. The method parameters and the overall definition of the excitation and reception relationship of the simulated seismic waves are defined as the observation system. By artificially exciting simulated seismic waves from different incident angles and uniformly arranging receivers for collecting seismic reflection waves at a certain grid spacing (channel spacing) on ​​the ground, seismic reflection wave data that uniformly and multiple times covers various seismic geological interfaces in the subsurface at a certain grid spacing (area cells) can be obtained. After processing and interpretation, seismic exploration results (profiles, planes) revealing the underground geological structure and stratigraphic distribution characteristics can be obtained.

[0037] Multiple-coverage seismic observation systems require the design of numerous parameters, including: coverage number, maximum shot-receiver distance, cell type, and line spacing. A cell (CMP) is a small rectangular area, typically the size of which is the product of half the run-point distance and half the trace spacing. The coverage number (usually denoted by Fold) refers to the number of midpoints of simulated seismic wave superposition within a single CMP cell. (See reference...) Figure 2 The diagram illustrates a unit surface area definition provided in an embodiment of this application, showing the symbolic geometric dimensions of the shot distance and the track distance in sequence. The four square areas marked by the dashed boxes are each a CMP surface area.

[0038] Specifically, in a conventional three-dimensional observation system, the geological layers are divided into observation coverage areas according to their horizontal and vertical axes, and the maximum number of simulated seismic waves within a CMP element can be calculated using the following formula:

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] Fold 3D =Fold x ×Fold y (Total Coverage Times)(3)

[0042] Where M is the number of instrument channels received by a single receiving line, Δ x For lane spacing, Fold x SLI represents the longitudinal coverage number of the 3D observation system, and SLI represents the shot distance. y RLI represents the lateral coverage number of the 3D observation system, RLI represents the receiver line spacing, NRL represents the number of lateral receiver lines, and Fold represents the number of lateral coverage numbers. 3D The number of times the three-dimensional observation system is covered is the product of the number of longitudinal and lateral coverages.

[0043] Reasonable coverage times can effectively suppress interference noise and improve data quality, laying the foundation for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic reflection data and the resolution of seismic profiles in subsequent data processing.

[0044] Step 102: Obtain geological information parameters and establish a geological layer parameter comparison table based on the geological information parameters.

[0045] The method for calculating the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves proposed in this application mainly addresses the problem that the algorithm for calculating the effective coverage number of shallow to medium-shallow geological interfaces fails to consider the impact of the maximum incident angle of simulated seismic waves on the shot-receiver distance requirement.

[0046] Typically, a three-dimensional digital model is built using a representative common depth point (CDP). The common depth point is a point on a plane, representing a line from shallow to deep within the three-dimensional structure. Extending this vertical line horizontally creates the three-dimensional structure. To accurately reconstruct the three-dimensional model, it is necessary to accurately collect different data along this vertical line. Then, based on the depth and tilt angle of each layer, a three-dimensional structural framework is built, filled with the medium at different depths, resulting in a complete multi-layered stacked three-dimensional model. The establishment of the geophysical parameter model, i.e., the three-dimensional structural model, begins by referencing seismic and geological results to determine a representative common depth point. Then, based on drilling data, the depth of each layer is determined, and based on seismic data, the tilt angle of each layer is determined, constructing the framework of the multi-layered stacked structure. Finally, based on well logging data, the medium in each layer is filled, i.e., the layer velocity parameters.

[0047] Referring to Table 1, a geophysical parameter model of a shallow to intermediate geological interface point provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0048]

[0049] Table (1)

[0050] It should be noted that layer velocity is used to represent the actual propagation speed of seismic waves in (simulated) layered geological strata. The specific value of layer velocity is affected by the burial depth and geological composition of different media layers.

[0051] Step 103: Determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic wave using the parameters in the geological layer parameter reference table.

[0052] According to Snell's law, during the propagation of physical waves (including but not limited to light and sound waves), the characteristic properties of the medium change, and when the wave beam is received by a second medium from a first medium, the original wave beam will be refracted. In the embodiments of this application, the simulated seismic wave generated by artificial excitation, after being incident on the geological layer at a certain angle, will be reflected. After being received by uniformly arranged reflective wave receivers in a three-dimensional observation system, the extent of the geological layer covered by the simulated wave can be determined.

[0053] Snell's Law states that: (1) in the plane where the physical wave is reflected, the refracted beam lies in the plane determined by the incident beam and the interface normal; (2) and the refracted beam and the incident beam are distributed on opposite sides of the normal; (3) the ratio of the sine of the incident angle to the sine of the refraction angle is a constant for two media with a certain refractive index. However, when the incident angle of the incident wave reaches a certain threshold, total internal reflection will occur in the reflection plane. At this time, the reflected wave receiver will no longer be able to receive the reflected signal, which will have a serious impact on the calculation of the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves.

[0054] Reference Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the effect of simulating the propagation of seismic waves through the Earth's medium, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, this includes the source and receiver points, adjacent target layers t1 and t2, the wave impedance interfaces where reflection and transmission (i.e., refraction) occur, and the normal (where the dashed line is located). The angle between the incident wave and the normal is the incident angle θ. t1 The angle between the reflected wave and the normal is the incident reflection angle θ. t1 The angle between the transmitted wave and the normal is the transmission angle θ. t2 When the refraction angle reaches a certain threshold (90°), reflection and imaging will no longer be possible. Therefore, θ is taken as... t2 The angle is equal to 90°, and the reflection angle θ is obtained according to Snell's law. t1 The critical value, also called the maximum incident angle of the target layer t1.

[0055] After obtaining the physical parameter table of the geological interface points, the critical threshold for the incident angle of the simulated seismic wave is determined using the parameters in the table and Snell's law. Specifically, the critical threshold for the maximum incident angle is calculated using the following formula:

[0056]

[0057] Among them, V q1 With V q2θ1 and θ2 represent the layer velocities of seismic waves in target layer 1 and target layer 2, respectively; sinθ1 and sinθ2 represent the sine values ​​of the reflection angle and the projection angle, respectively.

[0058] Step 104: Determine the critical refraction shot-receiver distance corresponding to the geological interface based on the parameters in the critical threshold and the geological layer parameter comparison table.

[0059] The maximum shot-receiver distance (MRD) characterizes the distance (usually denoted by Xmax) between the receiver farthest from the shot point (i.e., the emission point of the simulated seismic wave) within a geometry sheet under an observation system. Typically, multiple shot points within a geometry sheet are relatively close together and roughly located at the center of the sheet. If we consider these multiple shot points as a single point, and the geometry sheet as a right-angled quadrilateral composed of many equally spaced lines, then the MRD is approximately equal to the distance from the center point of the quadrilateral to the right angle. This MRD is influenced by the distances from the center point to the long and short sides of the quadrilateral; as the distance between a side and the center point increases, the MRD increases accordingly. It is related to the firing strategy and the size of the geometry sheet.

[0060] Reference Figure 4 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the features of a maximum shot-receiver distance provided in an embodiment of this application. In such... Figure 4 In the arrangement shown, X extends laterally along a single firing point. xmax X represents the maximum longitudinal distance, extending along the longitudinal direction. ymax X represents the maximum non-vertical distance. max This is the maximum shot-receiver distance under this observation system. It is worth noting that in a 3D seismic observation system, when the receiver line spacing remains unchanged, the increase in the maximum shot-receiver distance can be due to three factors: first, the number of receiver points on each receiver line increases towards both ends; second, the number of receiver lines in the array increases towards both sides; and third, both of the above situations occur simultaneously.

[0061] In existing technologies, the number of times the geological interface in the middle and shallow layers is covered is generally calculated using the following formula:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, Fold qn Let D be the number of times D covers a certain shallow to intermediate geological interface qn. qn Let X be the burial depth of a certain shallow to medium geological interface qn. maxThe maximum shot-receiver distance is the maximum designed distance for the observation system, and Fold is the number of coverages designed for the observation system. It should be noted that the observation environment applicable to this calculation method is the geological layer structure under ideal conditions, that is, the layers are arranged horizontally in an approximately parallel manner. However, in practical applications, the structure of the shallow and intermediate geological interfaces is very complex, and there will be a certain tilt angle and non-uniform distribution between the layers. Therefore, the number of coverages calculated according to the above formula (5) is generally very small, and the premise of its correct algorithm is that the burial depth of the target layer in the shallow and intermediate layer is approximately equal to the maximum shot-receiver distance required. Otherwise, its calculation results cannot accurately reflect the real and effective number of coverages of the shallow and intermediate geological interfaces. According to the principle of seismic wave reflection, the maximum shot-receiver distance required for the in-phase superposition processing of the reflection points (CDP) on each seismic reflection interface is proportional to its burial depth and is greatly affected by the maximum incident and maximum exit angles of the seismic reflected waves.

[0064] Therefore, in this embodiment, a critical refraction shot-receiver distance determined by the target layer depth and the critical threshold for effective reflection in simulated earthquakes is used to replace the maximum shot-receiver distance in the original calculation method. Furthermore, after determining the critical threshold for the maximum incident angle, the critical refraction shot-receiver distance corresponding to this critical threshold is determined using the following formula:

[0065] X qn =2D qn ×tanθ(6)

[0066] Among them, X qn Critical refraction shot-receiver distance (CRR) is used to characterize the distance from the shot point to the farthest geophone receiver point within a set of plates in a three-dimensional observation system model, provided that the refraction angle is less than the critical refraction angle of the target geological layer (i.e., the maximum shot-receiver distance that satisfies the effective reflection condition of simulated seismic waves). qn θ represents the burial depth of the target geological layer, and tanθ is the tangent of the critical threshold for simulating the incident angle of seismic waves.

[0067] Step 105: Determine the effective coverage number of the simulated seismic wave based on the design parameters, the maximum coverage number, and the critical refraction shot-receiver distance.

[0068] After obtaining the critical refraction shot-receiver offset, the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, and the maximum coverage number under this system, the effective coverage number of the simulated seismic wave can be accurately calculated. Specifically, analogous to the above formulas (1) to (3), after adding the critical refraction shot-receiver offset determined by the critical threshold of the incident angle, the maximum coverage number of the simulated seismic wave under the three-dimensional observation system is determined by the following formula:

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] Fold qn =Fold xqn ×Fold yqn (9)

[0072] Among them, X xmax The maximum longitudinal distance designed for a 3D observation system, Flod x X represents the longitudinal coverage number of the three-dimensional observation system. ymax The maximum non-longitudinal distance designed for a 3D observation system, Flod y This represents the lateral coverage count of the 3D seismic observation system. In scenario one, the number of receiver points on each receiver line increases, i.e., the M value increases, thus increasing the longitudinal coverage count. In scenario two, the number of receiver lines in the array increases, i.e., the NRL value increases, which increases the lateral coverage count. In scenario three, both the longitudinal and lateral coverage counts increase simultaneously. Therefore, with the receiver line spacing remaining constant, increasing the maximum offset will increase the 3D seismic coverage count.

[0073] In summary, the method for calculating the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves provided in this application involves, after obtaining the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, first determining the maximum coverage number of simulated seismic waves under a conventional three-dimensional observation system based on the design parameters. Then, geological information parameters are acquired and a parameter lookup table is established. The critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic waves is determined using the parameters in the table. Based on the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter lookup table, the critical refraction shot-receiver distance corresponding to the geological interface is determined. Finally, the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves is determined based on the design parameters, the maximum coverage number, and the critical refraction shot-receiver distance. For different regions, a lookup table is established using the actually acquired geological information parameters to determine the critical threshold of the seismic wave incident angle for that region. Based on this, the accurate and effective coverage number of shallow geological interfaces at different burial depths is recalculated, eliminating calculation errors caused by the critical threshold of the incident angle, resulting in more accurate calculation results.

[0074] Reference Figure 5 The diagram illustrates a detailed implementation step flow of a method for calculating the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown, the steps of the method include:

[0075] Step 201: Obtain the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, and determine the maximum number of times the simulated seismic waves are covered under the three-dimensional observation system based on the design parameters.

[0076] For details of this step, please refer to step 101 above. This embodiment will not repeat the details here.

[0077] Optionally, the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system include: the number of single channels, the distance between shot channels, the distance between shot lines, the distance between receiving lines for a single channel, and the number of transverse receiving lines.

[0078] The design parameters are the characteristic parameters of the observation system itself. For example, an observation system with 12 lines, 12 shots, and 168 channels has a channel spacing of 40m and a shot line spacing of 240m. The channel spacing is used to characterize the distance between two adjacent observation channels when multiple simulated seismic wave emission points are arranged.

[0079] Specifically, taking a certain observation system 30L7S240R as an example, its design parameters include a shot distance of 40m, a track distance of 40m, a shot line distance of 320m, a receiver line distance of 280m, a maximum longitudinal distance of 4780m, a maximum non-longitudinal distance of 4180m, and a maximum shot-receiver distance of 6350m.

[0080] In an optional embodiment, step 201 may further include:

[0081] Sub-step 2011: Determine the longitudinal coverage number of the three-dimensional observation system based on the shot spacing, the number of single shot lines, and the shot line spacing.

[0082] In this embodiment, the ratio of the product of the number of single lines and the line spacing to twice the shot distance is used as the longitudinal coverage number of the three-dimensional observation system. Specifically, refer to formula (1) shown in step 101 above:

[0083]

[0084] This formula can be used to calculate the longitudinal coverage number of a three-dimensional observation system, where M is the number of instrument channels received by a single receiving line, and Δ x SLI is the shot distance. Taking the 30L7S240R observation system as an example, its longitudinal coverage times are: 240×40÷(2×320)=15 times.

[0085] Sub-step 2012: Determine the number of times the three-dimensional observation system is laterally covered based on the number of lateral receiving lines and the distance between the receiving lines of a single line.

[0086] In this embodiment, the ratio of the product of the number of lateral receiving lines and the distance between the receiving lines of a single line to twice the distance between the receiving lines of a single line is used as the lateral coverage number of the three-dimensional observation system. Similarly, refer to formula (2) in step 101 above:

[0087]

[0088] The formula can be used to calculate the number of lateral coverages of a 3D observation system, where RLI is the receiver line spacing and NRL is the number of lateral receiver lines. Taking the 30L7S240R observation system as an example, its number of lateral coverages is: 30×280÷(2×280)=15 times.

[0089] Sub-step 2013: The product of the longitudinal coverage count and the lateral coverage count is taken as the maximum coverage count.

[0090] Following sub-steps 2012 and 2013, after calculating the longitudinal and lateral coverage times of the simulated seismic waves under the three-dimensional observation system, the total coverage times within a CMP cell can be obtained by multiplying the two results.

[0091] For details, refer to formula (3) in step 101 above:

[0092] Fold 3D =Fold x ×Fold y

[0093] The total number of coverages in the 30L7S240R observation system is 15 × 15 = 225.

[0094] Step 202: Obtain geological information parameters and establish a geological layer parameter comparison table based on the geological information parameters.

[0095] Optionally, the geological layer parameter reference table is used to record characteristic parameters of different geological layers, including one or more of the following: layer velocity, burial depth, and stratum dip angle.

[0096] Referring to Table (1), a geophysical parameter model of a shallow-to-medium-depth geological interface point provided in this application embodiment is shown. Among them, the layer velocity of geological stratum T1 is 3000 m / s, the burial depth is 1500 m, and the dip angle is 5°; the layer velocity of geological stratum T2 is 4500 m / s, the burial depth is 2000 m, and the dip angle is 5°.

[0097] It is worth noting that after obtaining the maximum coverage number of simulated seismic waves under a conventional three-dimensional observation system, a comparison table is established by acquiring geological information parameters. Essentially, this treats the geological region as a vertically multi-layered three-dimensional structure, digitizing the structure based on the geophysical properties of each layer. In this embodiment, after collecting seismic, geological, drilling, and logging data within the target exploration area, a geophysical parameter model of the common depth points of the shallow and intermediate geological interfaces is established. Specifically, the aforementioned geological information parameters may include: seismic detection profiles, stratigraphic information, stratigraphic calibration information, and stratigraphic tracking information.

[0098] Step 203: Determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic wave using the parameters in the geological layer parameter reference table.

[0099] In an optional embodiment, step 203 may further include:

[0100] Sub-step 2031: Determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic wave based on the layer velocity of adjacent geological layers and Snell's law.

[0101] Following the steps above, step 103 is used to determine the maximum incident angle corresponding to the simulated total reflection phenomenon of seismic waves using Snell's law. According to formula (4):

[0102]

[0103] To determine the maximum incident angle θ at the CDP point of the geological interface. Specifically, based on the layer velocities of layers T1 and T2 in Table (1), the maximum incident angle... That is, when the simulated seismic wave enters the geological layer T2 from geological layer T1 and undergoes reflection and transmission effects, the corresponding maximum incident angle is 42°.

[0104] Step 204: Determine the critical refraction shot-receiver distance corresponding to the geological interface based on the parameters in the critical threshold and the geological layer parameter comparison table.

[0105] For details of this step, please refer to step 104 above. This embodiment will not repeat the details here.

[0106] In an optional embodiment, step 204 may further include:

[0107] Sub-step 2041: Calculate the critical refraction shot-receiver distance according to the following formula:

[0108] X qn =2D qn ×tanθ(6)

[0109] Among them, X qn Critical refraction shot-receiver distance (CRR) is used to characterize the distance from the shot point to the farthest geophone receiver point within a set of plates in a three-dimensional observation system model, provided that the refraction angle is less than the critical refraction angle of the target geological layer (i.e., the maximum shot-receiver distance that satisfies the effective reflection condition of simulated seismic waves). qn θ represents the burial depth of the target geological layer, and tanθ is the tangent of the critical threshold for simulating the incident angle of seismic waves.

[0110] The critical threshold for the maximum incident angle calculated according to sub-step 2031 is approximately 42°. Under the three-dimensional observation system, the critical refraction shot-receiver distance corresponding to this critical incident angle threshold is calculated according to formula (6). That is, the critical refraction shot-receiver distance corresponding to different geological interfaces at different burial depths in the shallow and medium layers is: Xqn =2D qn ×tanθ=2×1500×tan42°=2701m.

[0111] Optionally, the design parameters may also include: the maximum longitudinal distance of the three-dimensional observation system and the maximum non-longitudinal distance of the three-dimensional observation system.

[0112] Step 205: Determine the effective longitudinal coverage of the three-dimensional observation system based on the maximum longitudinal distance, the critical refraction shot-receiver distance, and the longitudinal coverage number among the maximum coverage number.

[0113] After obtaining the critical refraction shot-receiver distance of the observation system based on the maximum critical threshold considering the incident angle, the actual effective coverage times of different burial depths in the three-dimensional observation system can be calculated.

[0114] First, determine the effective longitudinal coverage number in the three-dimensional observation system, referring to formula (7) in step 105 above:

[0115]

[0116] Among them, X xmax The maximum longitudinal distance designed for a 3D observation system, Flod x This refers to the longitudinal coverage number of the three-dimensional observation system obtained in sub-step 2011. Taking the observation system 30L7S240R as an example, its maximum longitudinal distance is 4780m. Combined with the geological information parameters in Table (1),

[0117] Step 206: Determine the effective lateral coverage of the three-dimensional observation system based on the maximum non-longitudinal distance, the critical refraction shot-receiver distance, and the lateral coverage of the maximum coverage.

[0118] Correspondingly, refer to formula (8) in step 105 above:

[0119]

[0120] Among them, X ymax The maximum non-longitudinal distance designed for a 3D observation system, Flod y This refers to the number of lateral coverages of the three-dimensional observation system obtained in sub-step 2012. Taking the observation system 30L7S240R as an example, its maximum non-longitudinal distance is 4180m. Based on the geological information parameters in Table (1), the actual number of lateral coverages of layer T1 is...

[0121] Step 207: The product of the longitudinal effective coverage count and the lateral effective coverage count is taken as the effective coverage count.

[0122] Combining the real-time longitudinal coverage counts and actual lateral coverage counts obtained from steps 206 and 297, their product is the actual effective coverage count of the simulated seismic waves under the three-dimensional observation system. Referring to formula (9) in step 105 above, the actual total effective coverage counts of layer T1 = 8.7 × 9.69 = 82 (times).

[0123] In summary, the method for calculating the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves provided in this application involves, after obtaining the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, first determining the maximum coverage number of simulated seismic waves under a conventional three-dimensional observation system based on the design parameters. Then, geological information parameters are acquired and a parameter lookup table is established. The critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic waves is determined using the parameters in the table. Based on the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter lookup table, the critical refraction shot-receiver distance corresponding to the geological interface is determined. Finally, the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves is determined based on the design parameters, the maximum coverage number, and the critical refraction shot-receiver distance. For different regions, a lookup table is established using the actually acquired geological information parameters to determine the critical threshold of the seismic wave incident angle for that region. Based on this, the accurate and effective coverage number of shallow geological interfaces at different burial depths is recalculated, eliminating calculation errors caused by the critical threshold of the incident angle, resulting in more accurate calculation results.

[0124] Reference Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the functional module composition of a simulated seismic wave effective coverage number calculation device 300 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 As shown, the device includes:

[0125] The design parameter acquisition module 301 is used to acquire the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system and determine the maximum number of times the simulated seismic waves are covered under the three-dimensional observation system based on the design parameters.

[0126] Obtain geological information parameters 302, and establish a geological layer parameter comparison table based on the geological information parameters.

[0127] The critical threshold determination module 303 is used to determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic wave by means of the parameters in the geological layer parameter reference table.

[0128] The shot-receiver distance determination module 304 is used to determine the critical refraction shot-receiver distance corresponding to the geological interface based on the parameters in the critical threshold and the geological layer parameter comparison table.

[0129] The coverage number determination module 305 is used to determine the effective coverage number of the simulated seismic wave based on the design parameters, the maximum coverage number, and the critical refraction shot-receiver distance.

[0130] Optionally, the design parameter acquisition module 301 further includes:

[0131] The longitudinal coverage number determination submodule is used to determine the longitudinal coverage number of the three-dimensional observation system based on the shot spacing, the number of single lines, and the shot line spacing.

[0132] Optionally, the longitudinal coverage number determination submodule further includes:

[0133] The longitudinal coverage number determination unit is used to take the ratio of the product of the number of single lines and the line spacing to twice the shot distance as the longitudinal coverage number of the three-dimensional observation system.

[0134] The lateral coverage number determination submodule is used to determine the lateral coverage number of the three-dimensional observation system based on the number of lateral receiving lines and the single line receiving line spacing;

[0135] Optionally, the lateral coverage number determination submodule further includes:

[0136] The lateral coverage number determination unit is used to take the product of the number of lateral receiving lines and the single line receiving line spacing as the ratio of twice the single line receiving line spacing as the lateral coverage number of the three-dimensional observation system.

[0137] The maximum coverage count determination unit is used to take the product of the longitudinal coverage count and the lateral coverage count as the maximum coverage count.

[0138] Optionally, the critical threshold determination module 303 further includes:

[0139] The critical threshold determination submodule is used to determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of simulated seismic waves based on the layer velocity of adjacent geological layers and Snell's law.

[0140] Optionally, the shot-receiver distance determination module 304 further includes:

[0141] The shot-receiver distance determination submodule is used to calculate the critical refraction shot-receiver distance according to the following formula:

[0142] X qn =2D qn ×tanθ

[0143] Among them, X qn Critical refraction shot-receiver distance (D) characterizes the distance from the firing point to the farthest geophone receiving point within a set of plates in a three-dimensional observation system model, provided that the refraction angle is less than the critical refraction angle of the target geological layer. qn θ represents the burial depth of the target geological layer, and tanθ is the tangent of the critical threshold for simulating the incident angle of seismic waves.

[0144] Optionally, the coverage count determination module 305 further includes:

[0145] The longitudinal effective coverage count determination submodule is used to determine the longitudinal effective coverage count of the three-dimensional observation system based on the maximum longitudinal distance, the critical refraction shot-receiver distance, and the longitudinal coverage count among the maximum coverage count;

[0146] Optionally, the longitudinal effective coverage count determination submodule further includes:

[0147] The longitudinal effective coverage count determination unit is used to take the ratio of the product of the critical refraction gun-receiver distance and the longitudinal coverage count to the maximum longitudinal distance as the longitudinal effective coverage count.

[0148] The lateral effective coverage count determination submodule is used to determine the lateral effective coverage count of the three-dimensional observation system based on the maximum non-longitudinal distance, the critical refraction shot-receiver distance, and the lateral coverage count among the maximum coverage count;

[0149] Optionally, the subunit for determining the number of effective lateral coverages further includes:

[0150] The lateral effective coverage count determination unit is used to take the product of the critical refraction gun-receiver distance and the lateral coverage count as the ratio of the maximum non-longitudinal distance as the lateral effective coverage count.

[0151] The effective coverage count determination submodule is used to take the product of the longitudinal effective coverage count and the lateral effective coverage count as the effective coverage count.

[0152] In summary, the calculation device for simulating the effective coverage number of seismic waves provided in this application, after obtaining the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, first determines the maximum coverage number of simulated seismic waves under a conventional three-dimensional observation system based on the design parameters. Then, geological information parameters are acquired and a parameter lookup table is established. The critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic waves is determined using the parameters in the table. Based on the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter lookup table, the critical refraction shot-receiver distance corresponding to the geological interface is determined. Finally, the effective coverage number of the simulated seismic waves is determined based on the design parameters, the maximum coverage number, and the critical refraction shot-receiver distance. For different regions, a lookup table is established using the actually acquired geological information parameters to determine the critical threshold of the seismic wave incident angle for that region. Based on this, the accurate and effective coverage number of shallow geological interfaces at different burial depths is recalculated, eliminating calculation errors caused by the critical threshold of the incident angle, resulting in more accurate calculation results.

[0153] Figure 7 This is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device 600 according to an exemplary embodiment. For example, the electronic device 600 may be a mobile phone, computer, digital broadcasting terminal, messaging device, game console, tablet device, medical device, fitness equipment, personal digital assistant, etc.

[0154] Reference Figure 7 The electronic device 600 may include one or more of the following components: a processing component 602, a memory 604, a power supply component 606, a multimedia component 608, an audio component 610, an input / output (I / O) interface 612, a sensor component 614, and a communication component 616.

[0155] Processing component 602 typically controls the overall operation of electronic device 600, such as operations associated with display, telephone calls, data communication, camera operation, and recording operations. Processing component 602 may include one or more processors 620 to execute instructions to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described above. Furthermore, processing component 602 may include one or more modules to facilitate interaction between processing component 602 and other components. For example, processing component 602 may include a multimedia module to facilitate interaction between multimedia component 608 and processing component 602.

[0156] Memory 604 is used to store various types of data to support the operation of electronic device 600. Examples of such data include instructions for any application or method operating on electronic device 600, contact data, phonebook data, messages, pictures, multimedia, etc. Memory 604 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0157] Power supply component 606 provides power to various components of electronic device 600. Power supply component 606 may include a power management system, one or more power supplies, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power to electronic device 600.

[0158] Multimedia component 608 includes a screen that provides an output interface between the electronic device 600 and the user. In some embodiments, the screen may include a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a touch panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touchscreen to receive input signals from the user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touches, swipes, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensors may sense not only the boundaries of touch or swipe actions but also the duration and pressure associated with the touch or swipe operation. In some embodiments, multimedia component 608 includes a front-facing camera and / or a rear-facing camera. When the electronic device 600 is in an operating mode, such as a shooting mode or a multimedia mode, the front-facing camera and / or the rear-facing camera may receive external multimedia data. Each front-facing camera and rear-facing camera may be a fixed optical lens system or have focal length and optical zoom capabilities.

[0159] Audio component 610 is used to output and / or input audio signals. For example, audio component 610 includes a microphone (MIC) used to receive external audio signals when electronic device 600 is in an operating mode, such as call mode, recording mode, and voice recognition mode. The received audio signals may be further stored in memory 604 or transmitted via communication component 616. In some embodiments, audio component 610 also includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.

[0160] I / O interface 612 provides an interface between processing component 602 and peripheral interface modules, such as keyboards, click wheels, buttons, etc. These buttons may include, but are not limited to, home buttons, volume buttons, power buttons, and lock buttons.

[0161] Sensor assembly 614 includes one or more sensors for providing state assessments of various aspects of electronic device 600. For example, sensor assembly 614 can detect the on / off state of electronic device 600, the relative positioning of components such as the display and keypad of electronic device 600, changes in position of electronic device 600 or a component of electronic device 600, the presence or absence of user contact with electronic device 600, orientation or acceleration / deceleration of electronic device 600, and temperature changes of electronic device 600. Sensor assembly 614 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. Sensor assembly 614 may also include a light sensor, such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor, for use in imaging applications. In some embodiments, sensor assembly 614 may also include an accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, pressure sensor, or temperature sensor.

[0162] Communication component 616 facilitates wired or wireless communication between electronic device 600 and other devices. Electronic device 600 can access wireless networks based on communication standards, such as WiFi, carrier networks (such as 2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G), or combinations thereof. In one exemplary embodiment, communication component 616 receives broadcast signals or broadcast-related information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In one exemplary embodiment, communication component 616 also includes a near-field communication (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communication. For example, the NFC module may be implemented based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, Infrared Data Association (IrDA) technology, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology, and other technologies.

[0163] In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic device 600 may be implemented by one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or other electronic components to implement a method for calculating the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0164] In an exemplary embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions is also provided, such as a memory 604 including instructions, which can be executed by a processor 620 of an electronic device 600 to perform the above-described method. For example, the non-transitory storage medium may be a ROM, random access memory (RAM), CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, and optical data storage device, etc.

[0165] Figure 8 This is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device 700 according to an exemplary embodiment. For example, the electronic device 700 may be provided as a server. (Refer to...) Figure 8 The electronic device 700 includes a processing component 722, which further includes one or more processors, and memory resources represented by a memory 732 for storing instructions, such as application programs, that can be executed by the processing component 722. The application programs stored in the memory 732 may include one or more modules, each corresponding to a set of instructions. Furthermore, the processing component 722 is configured to execute instructions to perform a method for calculating the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves provided in embodiments of this application.

[0166] Electronic device 700 may also include a power supply component 726 configured to perform power management of electronic device 700, a wired or wireless network interface 750 configured to connect electronic device 700 to a network, and an input / output (I / O) interface 758. Electronic device 700 may operate on an operating system stored in memory 732, such as Windows Server™, Mac OS X™, Unix™, Linux™, FreeBSD™, or similar.

[0167] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the claims.

[0168] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the effective coverage number of simulated seismic waves, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, and determine the maximum number of times the simulated seismic waves are covered under the three-dimensional observation system based on the design parameters; Obtain geological information parameters and establish a geological layer parameter reference table based on the geological information parameters; The critical threshold for the incident angle of simulated seismic waves is determined by the parameters in the geological layer parameter reference table. Based on the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table, determine the critical refraction shot-receiver distance corresponding to the geological interface; The effective coverage number of the simulated seismic wave is determined based on the design parameters, the maximum coverage number, and the critical refraction shot-receiver distance. The design parameters also include: the maximum longitudinal distance of the three-dimensional observation system and the maximum non-longitudinal distance of the three-dimensional observation system; The determination of the effective coverage number of the simulated seismic wave based on the design parameters, the maximum coverage number, and the critical refraction shot-receiver distance includes: The effective longitudinal coverage of the three-dimensional observation system is determined based on the maximum longitudinal distance, the critical refraction shot-receiver distance, and the longitudinal coverage number mentioned therein. The effective lateral coverage of the three-dimensional observation system is determined based on the maximum non-longitudinal distance, the critical refraction shot-receiver distance, and the lateral coverage number mentioned therein. The product of the longitudinal effective coverage count and the lateral effective coverage count is taken as the effective coverage count; The determination of the effective longitudinal coverage of the three-dimensional observation system based on the maximum longitudinal distance, the critical refraction shot-receiver distance, and the longitudinal coverage of the maximum coverage includes: The ratio of the product of the critical refraction gun-receiver distance and the number of longitudinal coverages to the maximum longitudinal distance is taken as the number of effective longitudinal coverages. The determination of the effective lateral coverage of the three-dimensional observation system based on the maximum non-longitudinal distance, the critical refraction shot-receiver distance, and the maximum coverage count includes: The product of the critical refraction gun-receiver distance and the number of lateral coverages, divided by the maximum non-longitudinal distance, is taken as the number of effective lateral coverages.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The design parameters are used to characterize the equipment features of the seismic wave generator, which is used to simulate and transmit the simulated seismic waves; the design parameters include: number of channels per line, channel spacing, shot line spacing, receiver line spacing per channel, and number of transverse receiver lines. The step of determining the maximum coverage number of simulated seismic waves under the three-dimensional observation system based on the design parameters includes: The longitudinal coverage number of the three-dimensional observation system is determined based on the channel spacing, the number of channels per line, and the shot distance; The number of horizontal coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system is determined based on the number of horizontal receiving lines and the distance between the receiving lines of a single line. The product of the longitudinal coverage count and the lateral coverage count is taken as the maximum coverage count.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The determination of the longitudinal coverage number of the three-dimensional observation system based on the channel spacing, the number of channels per line, and the shot line spacing includes: The product of the number of individual lines and the line spacing, divided by twice the shot distance, is used as the longitudinal coverage number of the three-dimensional observation system. The step of determining the lateral coverage number of the three-dimensional observation system based on the number of lateral receiving lines and the distance between the receiving lines of a single line includes: The product of the number of horizontal receiving lines and the distance between the receiving lines of a single line is divided by twice the distance between the receiving lines of a single line, and the ratio is taken as the number of horizontal coverages of the three-dimensional observation system.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The geological layer parameter reference table is used to record the characteristic parameters of different geological layers, including one or more of the following: layer velocity, burial depth, and dip angle. The determination of the critical threshold for the incident angle of simulated seismic waves using parameters from the geological layer parameter lookup table includes: Based on the layer velocities of adjacent geological layers and Snell's law, the critical threshold for the incident angle of simulated seismic waves is determined.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter lookup table, the critical refraction shot-receiver distance corresponding to the geological interface is determined, including: The critical refraction shot-receiver distance is calculated using the following formula: X qn =2D qn ×tanθ in, X qn Critical refraction shot-receiver distance is used to characterize the distance from the firing point to the farthest geophone receiving point in a set of plates within a three-dimensional observation system model, provided that the critical refraction angle is less than the critical refraction angle of the target geological layer. D qn The depth of the target geological layer, tanθ This is the tangent of the critical threshold for simulating the incident angle of seismic waves.

6. A calculation device for simulating the number of seismic wave coverages, characterized in that, The device includes: The design parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system and determine the maximum number of times the simulated seismic waves are covered under the three-dimensional observation system based on the design parameters. Obtain geological information parameters and establish a geological layer parameter reference table based on the geological information parameters; The critical threshold determination module is used to determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic wave using the parameters in the geological layer parameter lookup table. The shot-receiver distance determination module is used to determine the critical refraction shot-receiver distance corresponding to the geological interface based on the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table. The coverage number determination module is used to determine the effective coverage number of the simulated seismic wave based on the design parameters, the maximum coverage number, and the critical refraction shot-receiver distance. The design parameters also include: the maximum longitudinal distance of the three-dimensional observation system and the maximum non-longitudinal distance of the three-dimensional observation system; the coverage number determination module includes: The longitudinal effective coverage count determination submodule is used to determine the longitudinal effective coverage count of the three-dimensional observation system based on the maximum longitudinal distance, the critical refraction shot-receiver distance, and the longitudinal coverage count. The lateral effective coverage count determination submodule is used to determine the lateral effective coverage count of the three-dimensional observation system based on the maximum non-longitudinal distance, the critical refraction shot-receiver distance, and the lateral coverage count. The effective coverage count determination submodule is used to take the product of the longitudinal effective coverage count and the lateral effective coverage count as the effective coverage count; The longitudinal effective coverage count determination submodule includes: The longitudinal effective coverage count determination unit is used to take the ratio of the product of the critical refraction gun-receiver distance and the longitudinal coverage count to the maximum longitudinal distance as the longitudinal effective coverage count; The submodule for determining the number of effective lateral coverages includes: The lateral effective coverage count determination unit is used to take the product of the critical refraction gun-receiver distance and the lateral coverage count as the ratio of the maximum non-longitudinal distance as the lateral effective coverage count.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: processor; Memory used to store the processor's executable instructions; The processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, When the instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are executed by the processor of the electronic device, the electronic device is enabled to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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