A high-rise building fire risk assessment method

Abstract

The application discloses a high-rise building fire risk assessment method, and relates to the technical field of building fire assessment. The embodiment of the application monitors and analyzes the fire safety of open fire areas, the safety of electrical lines and the influence of the environment on fire-fighting devices in each fire-fighting area in the high-rise building, confirms the fire prediction level of each fire-fighting area, and executes corresponding operations, so as to guarantee the standardization of open fire use by personnel in the open fire area, understand the air circulation condition in the open fire area, predict the fire of the high-rise building from multiple dimensions, increase the accuracy of the prediction result, guarantee the standardization of open fire use and ventilation in the high-rise building, guarantee the safety of electrical lines in the high-rise building, guarantee the smoothness of the water outlet of the fire-fighting device, guarantee the fire extinguishing effect of the fire-fighting device when the fire occurs, reduce the danger of building fire, and protect the safety of the building and personnel in the building.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fire risk assessment, and in particular to a method for assessing fire risk in high-rise buildings. Background Art

[0002] High-rise buildings are often densely populated, and fires can cause greater personal injury or casualties. Therefore, early fire risk assessments can help identify potential fire hazards and develop effective prevention and emergency response measures to ensure the safety of high-rise buildings.

[0003] Prior art, such as the high-rise building fire risk assessment method disclosed in publication number CN114282849A, includes: preliminary selection of high-rise building electrical fire risk assessment parameter indicators to obtain preliminary system indicators; based on the FP-Growth algorithm and combined with the association rules of the minimum threshold mining indicators, correlation analysis and structural optimization of the preliminary system indicators are performed to construct a risk assessment indicator system; combined with the improved DEMATEL-ANP indicator weight assignment method, weights are assigned to each indicator; each characteristic parameter indicator in the risk assessment is quantified using a cloud theory model to construct a risk assessment matrix; the indicator weights of high-rise building fires and the risk assessment matrix are calculated according to the standardized weighted average to calculate the asymmetric closeness of each evaluation level, and the high-rise building electrical fire risk assessment results are provided. The present invention comprehensively considers the effectiveness issues caused by only using the maximum membership principle, and improves the accuracy and applicability of high-rise building electrical fire risk assessment.

[0004] The above scheme has at least the following shortcomings: 1. A necessary condition for a fire to occur is a fire source. In high-rise buildings, fire sources include not only open flames caused by improper use of lines, but also open flames caused by improper use of fire in open fire areas such as smoking areas and cooking areas. However, the existing technology lacks monitoring of fire sources and ventilation in open fire areas, thereby failing to ensure the standardization of fire use by personnel in open fire areas, and also failing to understand the air circulation conditions in open fire areas, resulting in irregular use of fire and ventilation in high-rise buildings and increasing the risk of fire in high-rise buildings.

[0005] 2. High-rise buildings have complex functions, such as office and storage. Regular inspections of high-rise electrical lines and timely replacement and repair of line problems are beneficial to improving electrical safety in high-rise buildings. However, if they are not repaired and replaced for a long time, the abnormal area of ​​the lines will become larger and larger, leading to increased electrical hazards. However, in the existing technology, when monitoring electricity, there is a lack of analysis of changes in line data, and it is impossible to understand the safety management of the lines by personnel, thereby failing to ensure the safety of high-rise electrical lines and increasing the risk of fire in high-rise electrical lines.

[0006] 3. Fire-fighting devices in high-rise buildings need to be inspected regularly to ensure their normal operation. However, fire-fighting devices are installed in high-rise buildings for a long time and are greatly affected by the environment. When there is a lot of dust in the environment for a long time, the water outlet of the fire-fighting device is easily blocked, affecting the normal operation of the fire-fighting device. However, the existing technology lacks the ability to analyze the impact of the environment on the fire-fighting device based on the maintenance frequency and environment of the fire-fighting device, thereby failing to ensure the patency of the water outlet of the fire-fighting device in the long term and failing to provide effective data for the formulation of subsequent fire prevention plans. At the same time, when a fire occurs, the fire-fighting effect of the fire-fighting device is reduced, increasing the risk of fire in high-rise buildings. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the present invention aims to provide a method for assessing fire risk in high-rise buildings.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a high-rise building fire risk assessment method, comprising the following steps: S1, dividing the high-rise area of ​​the building into various fire protection zones according to fire protection requirements, and at the same time obtaining the open fire area of ​​each fire protection zone, deploying a number of monitoring equipment in the open fire area of ​​each fire protection zone, monitoring the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire protection zone, and analyzing the fire usage situation of the open fire area in each fire protection zone.

[0009] S2. Obtain electrical maintenance data for each fire zone, and at the same time, randomly inspect the circuits in each fire zone, obtain circuit data for each inspection in each fire zone, and analyze the electrical conditions in each fire zone.

[0010] S3. Regularly inspect the fire-fighting equipment and environment of each fire protection area, record the fire-fighting equipment inspection list and environmental data of each fire protection area, and use the fire usage and electrical conditions of the open flame area in each fire protection area to confirm the fire prediction level of each fire protection area.

[0011] S4. Perform corresponding fire prevention operations according to the fire prediction level of each fire prevention area.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention provides a high-rise building fire risk assessment method, which monitors and analyzes the fire safety of the open fire areas in each fire protection area in the high-rise building, the safety of the electrical lines, and the impact of the environment on the fire-fighting equipment, confirms the fire prediction level of each fire protection area, and performs corresponding operations to ensure the standardization of the use of fire by people in the open fire area. At the same time, it understands the air circulation conditions in the open fire area, predicts fires in high-rise buildings from multiple dimensions, increases the accuracy of the prediction results, reduces the risk of building fires, and protects the safety of buildings and people in them.

[0013] 2. The present invention monitors the fire source and ventilation in the open fire area, thereby ensuring the standardization of fire use by personnel in the open fire area, understanding the air circulation situation in the open fire area, ensuring the accuracy of the standardization analysis of fire use and ventilation in high-rise buildings, and reducing the fire risk caused by improper use of fire in high-rise buildings.

[0014] 3. The present invention monitors line data, analyzes the safety and changes of the lines, understands personnel's safety management of the lines, and issues early warnings when the lines are dangerous, thereby ensuring the safety of high-rise electrical lines and reducing the risk of fire in high-rise electrical lines.

[0015] 4. The present invention regularly inspects and maintains fire-fighting equipment, and then analyzes the impact of the environment on the fire-fighting equipment based on the maintenance frequency and environment, providing data support for subsequent fire prediction and prevention. At the same time, the maintenance frequency of the fire-fighting equipment is adjusted according to the environment to ensure the long-term patency of the water outlet of the fire-fighting equipment, thereby ensuring the fire-fighting effect of the fire-fighting equipment when a fire occurs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic flow chart of the steps for implementing the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] See also Figure 1 As shown, a high-rise building fire risk assessment method includes the following steps: S1, dividing the high-rise area of ​​the building into various fire protection zones according to fire protection requirements, and at the same time obtaining the open fire area of ​​each fire protection zone, deploying a number of monitoring equipment in the open fire area of ​​each fire protection zone, monitoring the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire protection zone, and analyzing the fire usage situation of the open fire area in each fire protection zone.

[0020] It should be noted that fire zones are set by building managers, and each zone has independent fire prevention measures to prevent the spread of fire. The area of ​​each fire zone should be based on the height and purpose of the building and meet the requirements of fire regulations.

[0021] In the above, open fire areas include but are not limited to smoking areas and cooking areas. Open fire areas are divided by building management personnel according to fire regulations.

[0022] In a specific embodiment, the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire protection zone is monitored, and the specific process is as follows: an infrared camera is set in the open fire area of ​​each fire protection zone, and each collection moment is arranged according to a preset time interval, and the infrared camera is used to collect the thermal image of the open fire area in each fire protection zone at each collection moment to obtain the thermal image of the open fire area in each fire protection zone at each collection moment.

[0023] Image processing technology is used to process the thermal images of the open fire area in each fire protection zone at each acquisition time to obtain the position, area and temperature of each fire source in the open fire area in each fire protection zone at each acquisition time.

[0024] Smoke sensors are set in the open fire area of ​​each fire protection area to collect the smoke concentration of the open fire area in each fire protection area at each collection time.

[0025] An air flow sensor is set at the ventilation point of the open fire area in each fire protection area to collect the air flow in the open fire area in each fire protection area at each collection time.

[0026] The position of each fire source, area of ​​each fire source, temperature of each fire source, smoke concentration and air flow rate of the open fire area in each fire protection zone at each collection time are used as the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire protection zone.

[0027] In another specific embodiment, the analysis of the fire usage of the open fire area in each fire zone is as follows: the location, area and temperature of each fire source at each acquisition time are obtained from the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire zone, and the fire source evaluation coefficient of the open fire area in each fire zone is calculated, which is recorded as α1 g , g represents the number of each fire protection area, and g is a positive integer.

[0028] In the above, the fire source assessment coefficient of the open fire area in each fire zone is as follows: obtain a clean image of the open fire area in each fire zone, and obtain the prohibited fire source stay range of the open fire area in each fire zone through image processing and recognition technology; compare the position of each fire source corresponding to the open fire area in each fire zone at each acquisition time with the prohibited fire source stay range, and record the fire source located within the prohibited fire source stay range as a dangerous fire source, thereby counting the number of dangerous fire sources corresponding to the open fire area in each fire zone at each acquisition time, recorded as N gt , t represents the number of each collection moment, and t is a positive integer.

[0029] The open fire areas in each fire zone at each collection time are clustered to obtain the locations of each fire source. The areas of each fire source in each cluster are accumulated to obtain the fire source area of ​​each cluster as the area of ​​each fire source gathering area. In this way, the area of ​​each fire source gathering area corresponding to the open fire area in each fire zone at each collection time is obtained, which is recorded as S gtw , w represents the number of the fire source gathering area, and w is a positive integer.

[0030] At the same time, the maximum temperature is extracted from the temperature of each fire source in each cluster as the temperature of each fire source gathering area, thereby obtaining the temperature of each fire source gathering area corresponding to the open fire area in each fire protection area at each collection time, which is recorded as T gtw .

[0031] The fire source area threshold and temperature threshold of the high-rise building are obtained from the safety monitoring center and are denoted as S and T respectively.

[0032] Among them, the fire source area threshold and temperature threshold for high-rise buildings respectively represent the maximum fire source area and maximum temperature allowed in high-rise buildings, and are set by building management personnel based on the function of the building and fire protection requirements.

[0033] The fire source assessment coefficient expression is:

[0034] Where e represents a natural constant, p represents the number of sampling moments, m represents the number of fire source clusters, and ε1 and ε2 are the set area proportional coefficient and temperature proportional coefficient, respectively.

[0035] The area and temperature of each fire source gathering area corresponding to each collection time of each historical prediction are obtained from the historical records and compared with the fire source area threshold and temperature threshold respectively. The number of fire source gathering areas with an area larger than the fire source area and the number of fire source gathering areas with a temperature larger than the temperature threshold are counted and recorded as a1 and a2 respectively.

[0036] The smoke concentration at each collection moment is obtained from the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire protection zone, and the maximum smoke concentration is selected as the maximum smoke concentration of the open fire area in each fire protection zone.

[0037] Compare the maximum smoke concentration of the open fire area in each fire protection zone with the smoke concentration interval corresponding to each preset reference air flow rate, and obtain the reference air flow rate corresponding to the open fire area in each fire protection zone, which is recorded as V g '; Obtain the air flow rate at each acquisition moment from the fire data of the open fire area in each fire protection area, recorded as V g .

[0038] Among them, the preset smoke concentration intervals corresponding to each reference air flow rate represent the smoke concentration intervals that can be dissipated by each reference air flow rate. For example, the smoke concentration interval corresponding to an air flow rate of 60 cubic meters per hour is [30, 40]. The unit of smoke concentration is milligrams per cubic meter, which means that at least 60 cubic meters per hour of air flow is required to dissipate smoke concentrations of 30 mg per cubic meter to 40 mg per cubic meter.

[0039] The smoke concentration range corresponding to each reference air flow rate is jointly discussed and set by several professional building fire prediction experts based on their own experience and data on historical building fires.

[0040] The fire source assessment coefficient, reference air flow rate and air flow rate of the open fire area in each fire protection zone are input into the fire use assessment model, and the numerical value of the fire use assessment result of the open fire area in each fire protection zone is output. The numerical value of the fire use assessment result includes 1, 0 and -1.

[0041] When the value of the fire use assessment result is 1, it indicates that the use of fire in the open fire area is safe; when the value of the fire use assessment result is 0, it indicates that the use of fire in the open fire area is low-risk; when the value of the fire use assessment result is -1, it indicates that the use of fire in the open fire area is high-risk.

[0042] In the above, the expression of the fire assessment model is:

[0043] Where, The value of the fire assessment result of the open fire area in the g-th fire zone, β max and β min are the upper and lower limits of the preset reference fire safety assessment coefficient range, γ1 and γ2 are the proportional coefficients of the set fire source assessment coefficient and air flow rate respectively.

[0044] It should be noted that the reference fire safety assessment coefficient interval is a numerical range used to judge whether the use of fire is safe. When the calculated value is greater than or equal to the upper limit of the reference fire safety assessment coefficient interval, it means that the use of fire by people in the open fire area is standardized and there is no danger. When the calculated value is within the fire safety assessment coefficient interval, it means that there are fewer irregular uses of fire by people in the open fire area and there is a certain danger. When the calculated value is less than or equal to the lower limit of the reference fire safety assessment coefficient interval, it indicates that the use of fire by people in the open fire area is mostly irregular and there is a greater danger. The reference fire safety assessment coefficient interval is jointly discussed and set by a number of professional building fire prediction experts based on their own experience and data on historical building fires.

[0045] For example, when the reference fire safety assessment coefficient interval is [10, 18], when When the calculated value of is 12, which is in the interval [10, 18], it means that the people in the g-th open fire area have irregular behaviors in using fire, which is dangerous.

[0046] Preferably, the setting process of γ1 and γ2 is as follows: professional building fire prediction experts discuss and set the fire source assessment coefficient threshold based on their own experience and data on historical building fires, obtain the corresponding fire source assessment coefficient and air flow rate for each historical prediction from historical records, compare them with the fire source assessment coefficient threshold and reference air flow rate respectively, and then set γ1 and γ2 according to the setting process of ε1 and ε2.

[0047] The present invention monitors the fire source and ventilation in the open fire area, thereby ensuring the standardization of fire use by personnel in the open fire area, understanding the air circulation situation in the open fire area, ensuring the accuracy of the standardization analysis of fire use and ventilation in high-rise buildings, and reducing the fire risk caused by improper use of fire in high-rise buildings.

[0048] S2. Obtain electrical maintenance data for each fire zone, and at the same time, randomly inspect the circuits in each fire zone, obtain circuit data for each inspection in each fire zone, and analyze the electrical conditions in each fire zone.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, the circuit data of each inspection in each fire protection area is obtained, and the specific process is as follows: during each inspection, the inspection personnel take pictures of the circuit images corresponding to each fire protection area during each inspection. At the same time, the inspection personnel detect each line in each fire protection area during each inspection and fill out the line detection table.

[0050] Using image recognition technology, the number of line accumulations and the line damaged area in each circuit image corresponding to each fire protection zone in each inspection are obtained; the maximum number of line accumulations is selected from the number of line accumulations in each circuit image corresponding to each fire protection zone in each inspection as the number of line accumulations corresponding to each fire protection zone in each inspection; the line damaged area in each circuit image corresponding to each fire protection zone in each inspection is accumulated to obtain the line damaged area corresponding to each fire protection zone in each inspection.

[0051] At the same time, the number of lines with abnormal insulation, the number of loose lines, and the number of lines with abnormal specifications are obtained from the line detection table corresponding to each inspection in each fire protection area;

[0052] Among them, specification abnormality means that the line does not meet the rated current load standards set by building managers.

[0053] It should be noted that when the inspection personnel detect that there is abnormal insulation, looseness or abnormal specifications of at least one line, they need to immediately communicate with the person in charge of the fire protection area and prompt the person in charge to repair or maintain the line.

[0054] The number of line accumulations, line damaged areas, number of lines with abnormal insulation, number of loose lines and number of lines with abnormal specifications corresponding to each fire protection area in each inspection are used as circuit data.

[0055] In another specific embodiment, the electrical conditions of each fire zone are analyzed as follows: the circuit data threshold corresponding to the electrical safety of the fire zone is obtained from the security control center, which is recorded as D; the circuit data of each inspection in each fire zone is recorded as D gx , x represents the number of each inspection, x is a positive integer; at the same time, according to the circuit data of each inspection in each fire zone, the circuit data change rate in each fire zone is calculated, recorded as k g .

[0056] in, Where D g(x+1) Represents the circuit data of the x+1th inspection in the gth fire protection zone, and y represents the number of inspections.

[0057] During each inspection, when the inspection personnel detect that there is at least one line with abnormal insulation, looseness or abnormal specifications, the present invention prompts the responsible personnel to repair or maintain the line. By calculating the circuit data change rate in each fire protection area, it can be reflected whether the responsible personnel have repaired or replaced the line, and whether the quality of the repair is qualified. When the change rate becomes larger, it indicates that the number of line abnormalities in the fire protection area is increasing. It is also possible that the lines in the area have not been repaired or replaced, and the risk of electrical fires in the lines in the area is gradually increasing.

[0058] D、D gxand k g Input into the electrical assessment model and output the numerical value of the electrical safety assessment result of each fire protection area. The numerical value of the electrical safety assessment result includes 1, 0 and -1.

[0059] When the value of the electrical safety assessment result is 1, it indicates that electrical use is safe; when the value of the electrical safety assessment result is 0, it indicates that electrical use is low risk; when the value of the electrical safety assessment result is -1, it indicates that electrical use is high risk.

[0060] In the above, the expression of the electrical evaluation model is:

[0061] Where, The numerical value representing the electrical safety assessment result of the g-th fire protection zone, φ max and φ min are the upper and lower limits of the preset reference electrical safety assessment coefficient range, and y represents the number of inspections.

[0062] It should be noted that the reference electrical safety assessment coefficient interval is a numerical range used to judge whether electrical circuits are safe. When the calculated value is greater than or equal to the upper limit of the reference electrical safety assessment coefficient interval, it means that there are basically no abnormalities in the lines within the fire protection area. When the calculated value is within the reference electrical safety assessment coefficient interval, it means that there are fewer abnormal lines in the fire protection area and there is a certain danger. When the calculated value is less than or equal to the lower limit of the reference electrical safety assessment coefficient interval, it means that there are more abnormal lines in the fire protection area and the danger is higher. The reference electrical safety assessment coefficient interval is jointly discussed and set by a number of professional building fire prediction experts based on their own experience and data on historical building fires.

[0063] For example, when the reference electrical safety assessment coefficient interval is [15, 22], when When the calculated value is 14, 14<15, it means that there are more abnormal lines in the g-th fire protection area and the danger is higher.

[0064] The present invention monitors line data, analyzes the safety and changes of the lines, understands personnel's safety management of the lines, and issues early warnings when the lines are dangerous, thereby ensuring the safety of high-rise electrical lines and reducing the risk of fire in high-rise electrical lines.

[0065] S3. Regularly inspect the fire-fighting equipment and environment of each fire protection area, record the fire-fighting equipment inspection list and environmental data of each fire protection area, and use the fire usage and electrical conditions of the open flame area in each fire protection area to confirm the fire prediction level of each fire protection area.

[0066] In a specific embodiment, the inspection process of fire-fighting equipment and environment in each fire protection area is as follows: the inspection personnel inspect each fire-fighting equipment in each fire protection area during each inspection, and perform maintenance when a fire-fighting equipment needs maintenance, and record the maintenance status of each fire-fighting equipment in each fire protection area in the fire-fighting equipment inspection form, and the maintenance status includes no maintenance required and maintained; at the same time, environmental detection equipment is used to collect environmental data of the corresponding positions of each fire-fighting equipment in each fire protection area during each inspection, as the environmental data of each inspection of each fire protection area.

[0067] It should be noted that fire protection equipment includes fire sprinklers and smoke detectors, etc. Environmental data includes dust concentration and humidity, etc. Environmental detection equipment includes dust concentration sensors and humidity sensors.

[0068] In the above, the fire prediction level of each fire protection zone is determined as follows: the maintenance status of each fire protection device is obtained from the fire protection device inspection sheet of each inspection in each fire protection zone, and the maintenance frequency of each fire protection device in each fire protection zone is calculated based on this, which is recorded as f gr , r represents the number of each fire-fighting device, and r is a positive integer; at the same time, the environmental data of the corresponding position of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection area during each inspection are averaged to obtain the environmental data of the corresponding position of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection area, which is recorded as H gr .

[0069] It should be noted that the maintenance time of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection zone is obtained, thereby obtaining the interval between each maintenance of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection zone, and then the average calculation is performed to obtain the average maintenance interval of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection zone, and the inverse of the average maintenance interval of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection zone is used as the maintenance frequency of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection zone.

[0070] Obtain the optimal environmental data and preset maintenance frequency for the normal operation of each fire-fighting device from the equipment management center, thereby obtaining the optimal environmental data and preset maintenance frequency for the normal operation of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection area, which are recorded as H′ respectively. gr and f g ' r .

[0071] f gr 、H gr , H′ gr and f g ' r Input the fire protection device evaluation model and output the numerical value of the safety evaluation result corresponding to the fire protection device in each fire protection area. The numerical value of the safety evaluation result includes 1, 0 and -1.

[0072] When the value of the safety assessment result is 1, it indicates that the environmental impact of the fire-fighting device is small; when the value of the safety assessment result is 0, it indicates that the environmental impact of the fire-fighting device is large; when the value of the safety assessment result is -1, it indicates that the environmental impact of the fire-fighting device is large.

[0073] In the above, the expression of the fire protection device evaluation model is:

[0074] Where, ψ g represents the value of the safety assessment result of the fire protection device in the g-th fire protection zone, ξ max and ξ min are the upper and lower limits of the preset reference fire-fighting device safety assessment coefficient range, and u represents the number of fire-fighting devices.

[0075] It should be noted that the reference fire protection device safety assessment coefficient interval is used to judge whether the fire protection device is affected by the environment. When the calculated value is greater than or equal to the upper limit value of the reference fire protection device safety assessment coefficient interval, it means that the fire protection device is almost not affected by the environment. When the calculated value is within the reference fire protection device safety assessment coefficient interval, it means that the fire protection device is less affected by the environment. When the calculated value is less than or equal to the lower limit value of the reference fire protection device safety assessment coefficient interval, it indicates that the fire protection device is greatly affected by the environment. The reference fire protection device safety assessment coefficient interval is jointly discussed and set by a number of professional building fire prediction experts based on their own experience and data on historical building fires.

[0076] For example, when the reference fire protection device safety assessment coefficient interval is [20, 28], when When the calculated value is 32, 28<32, it means that the fire-fighting equipment in the g-th fire protection zone is almost not affected by the environment.

[0077] In environments with high dust concentrations, firefighting equipment with nozzles, such as fire sprinklers, are prone to accumulating dust and fine particles. This dust and particles can clog the nozzle's water outlet, reducing its effectiveness or even rendering it ineffective. Long-term dust accumulation can also corrode the nozzle's internal structure, further impacting its proper function. Furthermore, when the nozzle is clogged with dust, the volume of sprayed water decreases, reducing the area covered. This prevents the sprinkler from effectively covering the entire fire source, reducing firefighting efficiency. Similarly, in environments with high humidity, water vapor in the air easily condenses around the nozzle. Combining with impurities within the nozzle, it can easily form blockages, affecting the nozzle's spraying efficiency. Therefore, monitoring environmental data and analyzing its impact on the underlying equipment is crucial. When the environment is poor, regular cleaning of firefighting equipment is necessary to ensure proper operation and minimize nozzle blockage.

[0078] The present invention regularly inspects and maintains fire-fighting equipment, and then analyzes the impact of the environment on the fire-fighting equipment based on the maintenance frequency and environment, providing data support for subsequent fire predictions. At the same time, the maintenance frequency of the fire-fighting equipment is adjusted according to the environment, ensuring the long-term patency of the water outlet of the fire-fighting equipment, and ensuring the fire-fighting effect of the fire-fighting equipment when a fire occurs.

[0079] The fire prediction level of each fire zone is determined by using the fire assessment results of the open fire area, the electrical safety assessment results, and the safety assessment results of the fire protection equipment in each fire zone. The fire prediction level rule table is as follows:

[0080] Fire prediction level rule table

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] S4. Perform corresponding fire prevention operations according to the fire prediction level of each fire prevention area.

[0084] It should be noted that the three types of early warning prompts for fire electricity use, namely, category 1, category 2 and category 3, and category 1, category 2 and category 3, are respectively prompts with alarm frequencies from low to high. For example: the category 1 early warning prompt for fire electricity use is an alarm prompt every 10 seconds, and the prompt voice is "The line may burn, please deal with it as soon as possible", the category 2 early warning prompt for fire electricity use is an alarm prompt every 5 seconds, and the prompt voice is "The line is easy to burn and may cause a fire. Please deal with it as soon as possible", and the category 3 early warning prompt for fire electricity use is an alarm prompt every 2 seconds, and the prompt voice is "The line is very easy to burn and may cause a fire. Please deal with it as soon as possible".

[0085] When the value of the safety assessment result corresponding to the fire-fighting device is 0, a separate prompt is given to increase the maintenance frequency of the fire-fighting device. When the value of the safety assessment result corresponding to the fire-fighting device is -1, a separate prompt is given to increase the maintenance frequency of the fire-fighting device and environmental treatment.

[0086] When predicting a fire, monitoring the fire-fighting equipment can effectively obtain the status of the fire-fighting equipment, provide a reference for the formulation of subsequent fire prevention plans, and improve the effectiveness of fire prevention.

[0087] It should also be noted that when the value of the fire use assessment result in the open fire area is 0, the fire use regulations will be educated for the fire users in the fire protection area. When the value of the fire use assessment result in the open fire area is 0, all personnel in the fire protection area will receive enhanced education on fire use regulations. Similarly, when the value of the electrical safety assessment result is 0, the line safety education will be given to the responsible personnel in the fire protection area. When the value of the electrical safety assessment result is -1, all personnel in the fire protection area will receive enhanced education on line safety.

[0088] The embodiment of the present invention monitors and analyzes the fire safety of open fire areas in each fire protection zone in a high-rise building, the safety of electrical lines, and the impact of the environment on fire protection equipment, confirms the fire prediction level of each fire protection zone, and performs corresponding operations to ensure the standardization of fire use by personnel in the open fire area. At the same time, it understands the air circulation conditions in the open fire area, predicts fires in high-rise buildings from multiple dimensions, increases the accuracy of prediction results, reduces the risk of building fires, and protects the safety of buildings and people inside.

[0089] The above content is merely an example and explanation of the concept of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the concept of the invention or exceed the scope defined in this specification, they should all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-rise building fire risk assessment method, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Divide the high-rise area of ​​the building into fire zones according to fire protection requirements, obtain the open fire area of ​​each fire zone, deploy a number of monitoring devices in the open fire area of ​​each fire zone, monitor the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire zone, and analyze the fire usage of the open fire area in each fire zone; The specific process of monitoring the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire protection area is as follows: An infrared camera is set in the open fire area of ​​each fire zone, and each collection time is arranged according to a preset time interval. The infrared camera is used to collect a thermal image of the open fire area in each fire zone at each collection time, and a thermal image of the open fire area in each fire zone at each collection time is obtained; Use image processing technology to process the thermal images of the open fire area in each fire protection zone at each acquisition time to obtain the position, area and temperature of each fire source in the open fire area in each fire protection zone at each acquisition time; Smoke sensors are installed in the open fire area of ​​each fire protection zone to collect the smoke concentration of the open fire area in each fire protection zone at each collection time; Air flow sensors are installed at the ventilation points of the open fire areas in each fire zone to collect the air flow in the open fire areas of each fire zone at each collection time; The location, area, temperature, smoke density and air flow of each fire source in the open fire area of ​​each fire zone at each collection time are used as the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire zone; The specific process of analyzing the fire usage in the open fire area in each fire protection area is as follows: Obtain the location, area, and temperature of each fire source at each acquisition moment from the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire zone, and calculate the fire source assessment coefficient of the open fire area in each fire zone, which is recorded as α1 g , g represents the number of each fire protection area, g is a positive integer; Obtain the smoke density at each acquisition moment from the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire protection zone, and select the maximum smoke density as the maximum smoke density of the open fire area in each fire protection zone; Compare the maximum smoke concentration of the open fire area in each fire protection zone with the smoke concentration interval corresponding to each preset reference air flow rate, and obtain the reference air flow rate corresponding to the open fire area in each fire protection zone, which is recorded as V g '; Obtain the air flow rate at each acquisition moment from the fire data of the open fire area in each fire protection area, recorded as V g ; Input the fire source assessment coefficient, reference air flow rate and air flow rate of the open fire area in each fire zone into the fire use assessment model, and output the numerical value of the fire use assessment result of the open fire area in each fire zone. The numerical value of the fire use assessment result includes 1, 0 and -1; When the fire assessment result value is 1, it indicates that the use of fire in the open fire area is safe; when the fire assessment result value is 0, it indicates that the use of fire in the open fire area is low risk; When the fire assessment result is -1, it indicates that the fire risk in the open fire area is high; The fire source assessment coefficient of the open fire area in each fire protection area is as follows: Obtain a clean image of the open fire area in each fire zone, and obtain the prohibited fire source range of the open fire area in each fire zone through image processing and recognition technology; compare the position of each fire source corresponding to the open fire area in each fire zone at each acquisition time with the prohibited fire source range, and record the fire source located within the prohibited fire source range as a dangerous fire source. In this way, the number of dangerous fire sources corresponding to the open fire area in each fire zone at each acquisition time is counted, which is recorded as N gt , t represents the number of each acquisition moment, t is a positive integer; The open fire areas in each fire zone at each collection time are clustered to obtain the locations of each fire source. The areas of each fire source in each cluster are accumulated to obtain the fire source area of ​​each cluster as the area of ​​each fire source gathering area. In this way, the area of ​​each fire source gathering area corresponding to the open fire area in each fire zone at each collection time is obtained, which is recorded as S gtw , w represents the number of the fire source gathering area, w is a positive integer; At the same time, the maximum temperature is extracted from the temperature of each fire source in each cluster as the temperature of each fire source gathering area, thereby obtaining the temperature of each fire source gathering area corresponding to the open fire area in each fire protection area at each collection time, which is recorded as T gtw ; Obtain the fire source area threshold and temperature threshold of the high-rise building from the safety monitoring center, denoted as S and T respectively; The fire source assessment coefficient expression is: Where, e represents a natural constant, p represents the number of sampling moments, m represents the number of fire source gathering areas, ε1 and ε2 are the set area proportional coefficient and temperature proportional coefficient respectively; The expression of the fire assessment model is: Where, The value of the fire assessment result of the open fire area in the g-th fire zone, β max and β min are the upper and lower limits of the preset reference fire safety assessment coefficient range, γ1 and γ2 are the proportional coefficients of the set fire source assessment coefficient and air flow rate respectively; S2. Obtain electrical maintenance data for each fire zone, randomly inspect the circuits in each fire zone, obtain circuit data from each inspection in each fire zone, and analyze the electrical conditions in each fire zone; The specific process of obtaining the circuit data of each inspection in each fire protection area is as follows: During each inspection, the inspectors take pictures of the circuits in each fire protection area during each inspection. At the same time, the inspectors test each circuit in each fire protection area during each inspection and fill out the circuit test form. Using image recognition technology, the number of line accumulations and the area of ​​line damage in each circuit image corresponding to each inspection in each fire protection area are obtained; Selecting the maximum number of line accumulations from the number of line accumulations in each circuit image corresponding to each fire protection area during each inspection as the number of line accumulations corresponding to each fire protection area during each inspection; Accumulate the line damage areas in each circuit image corresponding to each fire protection zone during each inspection to obtain the line damage areas corresponding to each fire protection zone during each inspection; At the same time, the number of lines with abnormal insulation, the number of loose lines, and the number of lines with abnormal specifications are obtained from the line detection table corresponding to each inspection in each fire protection area; The number of line accumulations, line damage areas, number of lines with abnormal insulation, number of loose lines, and number of lines with abnormal specifications corresponding to each fire protection area during each inspection are used as circuit data; The specific process of analyzing the electrical conditions of each fire protection area is as follows: Obtain the circuit data threshold of electrical safety corresponding to the fire protection area from the security control center, which is recorded as D; record the circuit data of each inspection in each fire protection area as D gx , x represents the number of each inspection, x is a positive integer; at the same time, according to the circuit data of each inspection in each fire zone, the circuit data change rate in each fire zone is calculated, recorded as k g , g represents the number of each fire protection area, g is a positive integer; D、D gx and k g Input into the electrical assessment model and output the numerical value of the electrical safety assessment result of each fire protection area. The numerical value of the electrical safety assessment result includes 1, 0 and -1; When the value of the electrical safety assessment result is 1, it indicates that electrical use is safe; when the value of the electrical safety assessment result is 0, it indicates that electrical use is low risk; when the value of the electrical safety assessment result is -1, it indicates that electrical use is high risk; The electrical evaluation model is expressed as: Where, The numerical value representing the electrical safety assessment result of the g-th fire protection zone, φ max and φ min are the upper and lower limits of the preset reference electrical safety assessment coefficient range, and y represents the number of inspections; S3. Regularly inspect the firefighting equipment and environment in each fire zone, record the firefighting equipment inspection sheets and environmental data for each fire zone, and use the fire usage and electrical conditions of the open flame areas in each fire zone to confirm the fire prediction level of each fire zone; The specific process of confirming the fire prediction level of each fire protection area is as follows: The maintenance status of each fire protection device is obtained from the fire protection device inspection sheet of each inspection in each fire protection area, and the maintenance frequency of each fire protection device in each fire protection area is calculated, which is recorded as f gr , r represents the number of each fire-fighting device, and r is a positive integer; at the same time, the environmental data of the corresponding position of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection area during each inspection are averaged to obtain the environmental data of the corresponding position of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection area, which is recorded as H gr , g represents the number of each fire protection area, g is a positive integer; Obtain the optimal environmental data and preset maintenance frequency for the normal operation of each fire-fighting device from the equipment management center, thereby obtaining the optimal environmental data and preset maintenance frequency for the normal operation of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection area, which are recorded as H′ respectively. gr and f′ gr ; f gr 、H gr , H′ gr and f′ gr Input the fire protection device assessment model and output the safety assessment result value corresponding to the fire protection device in each fire protection zone. The safety assessment result value includes 1, 0 and -1. When the value of the safety assessment result is 1, it indicates that the environmental impact of the fire-fighting device is small; when the value of the safety assessment result is 0, it indicates that the environmental impact of the fire-fighting device is large; when the value of the safety assessment result is -1, it indicates that the environmental impact of the fire-fighting device is large; The fire prediction level of each fire protection zone is determined by using the fire use assessment results of the open fire area in each fire protection zone, the electrical safety assessment results, and the safety assessment results corresponding to the fire protection devices; The fire protection equipment evaluation model is expressed as: Where, ψ g represents the value of the safety assessment result of the fire protection device in the g-th fire protection zone, ξ max and ξ min are the upper and lower limits of the preset reference fire-fighting device safety assessment coefficient interval, and u represents the number of fire-fighting devices; S4. Perform corresponding fire prevention operations according to the fire prediction level of each fire prevention area.

2. A high-rise building fire risk assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inspection process of fire protection equipment and environment in each fire protection area is as follows: During each inspection, the inspection personnel will inspect each fire-fighting device in each fire protection area. At the same time, when there is a fire-fighting device that needs maintenance, it will be maintained and the maintenance status of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection area will be recorded in the fire-fighting device inspection form. The maintenance status includes no maintenance required and maintained. At the same time, environmental detection equipment is used to collect environmental data of the corresponding positions of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection area during each inspection, which will be used as the environmental data for each inspection of each fire protection area.

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