Combined heat and power generation system of ship methanol engine and fuel cell and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to a combined heat and power generation system of a ship methanol engine and a fuel cell and a control method. The invention relates to the technical field of marine methanol engines. The system comprises a marine methanol engine, a second three-way valve, a radiator, a first three-way valve, a second temperature sensor, a circulating water pump, an expansion water tank, a heat exchanger, a first temperature sensor, a fuel cell reactor, a storage tank, hydrogen purification equipment, a catalytic reformer and a methanol storage tank. Cooling water of the marine methanol engine is used for preserving heat of circulating water of a fuel cell reactor, the stability of the working temperature of the fuel cell is improved, the stability of power output of the fuel cell is improved, waste gas of the marine methanol engine is used for supplying heat to a methanol catalytic reforming hydrogen production reaction, and energy is saved. The problem that hydrogen is difficult to carry is solved, energy is saved, and the economic cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ship methanol engines, and is a heat and power cogeneration system of a ship methanol engine and a fuel cell and a control method. Background Art

[0002] In the past decade, there has been an increasing amount of research on the use of methanol as a hydrogen energy carrier in ship main engines. It has obvious advantages in reducing harmful gas emissions, and its emission reduction effect and environmental protection performance are very significant compared to marine fuel.

[0003] Hydrogen is a clean energy source. Fuel cells using hydrogen as raw material have the advantages of high energy conversion rate, low noise and zero emissions. They can also reduce the vibration and noise of ships and provide a good working and living environment for crew members.

[0004] The operating temperature has a great influence on the durability, economy, and environmental adaptability of the fuel cell system. At present, the main method to control the operating temperature of the fuel cell is to use an internal circulation loop and an external circulation loop to establish a comprehensive temperature control system with two states of temperature control system heating and heat preservation. However, each time the external circulation is initially opened, the temperature at the inlet of the fuel cell reactor water path will drop sharply, reducing the efficiency of the fuel cell system. The temperature of the cooling water of the marine methanol engine is 70-80℃, and the cooling water temperature after passing through the radiator is 40-50℃, while the operating temperature of the low-temperature proton exchange membrane hydrogen and oxygen fuel cell is 60-80℃, which provides conditions for using the cooling water of the marine methanol engine to maintain the operating temperature of the fuel cell.

[0005] Hydrogen is difficult to store on board. The methanol fuel required by marine methanol engines can be used as a carrier for hydrogen storage, saving space. The temperature of methanol steam catalytic reforming reaction to produce hydrogen is 200-350℃. At the same time, the exhaust gas temperature of marine methanol engines can reach 250-400℃, so it can be used as a heat source for methanol catalytic reforming reaction. How to reasonably utilize the cooling water and exhaust gas waste heat of marine methanol engines to improve the energy utilization rate of the entire system and the working efficiency of each equipment is a problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, in order to utilize the cooling water of a marine methanol engine to control the temperature of the circulating water in a low-temperature proton exchange membrane hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell reactor, and to utilize the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the marine methanol engine to provide heat for the methanol catalytic reforming hydrogen production reaction, the present invention provides a thermal power cogeneration system for a marine methanol engine and a fuel cell and a control method.

[0007] The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A cogeneration system of a ship methanol engine and a fuel cell, the system comprising: a ship methanol engine, a second three-way valve, a radiator, a first three-way valve, a second temperature sensor, a circulating water pump, an expansion water tank, a heat exchanger, a first temperature sensor, a fuel cell reactor, a storage tank, a hydrogen purification device, a catalytic reformer, and a methanol storage tank;

[0009] The cooling water outlet of the marine methanol engine, the radiator, the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve are connected, the first three-way valve is connected to the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is connected to the radiator, the radiator is connected to the marine methanol engine, and the cooling water flows out of the marine methanol engine and enters the heat exchanger after passing through the second three-way valve and the first three-way valve;

[0010] The fuel cell reactor is connected to the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is connected to the circulating water pump, the circulating water pump is connected to the expansion water tank, and the circulating water pump is connected to the fuel cell reactor; the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor flows out from the outlet, exchanges heat with the cooling water through the heat exchanger, and then flows back to the fuel cell reactor;

[0011] The exhaust gas outlet of the marine methanol engine is connected to the catalytic reformer, the methanol storage tank is connected to the catalytic reformer, water vapor is introduced into the catalytic reformer, the outlet of the catalytic reformer is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen purification equipment, the outlet of the hydrogen purification equipment is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, and the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell reactor;

[0012] The first temperature sensor measures the outlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor, and the second temperature sensor measures the inlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor.

[0013] Preferably, methanol enters the catalytic reformer from the methanol storage tank to undergo a catalytic reforming reaction with water vapor under the heat of the marine methanol engine exhaust gas to produce hydrogen, and then the hydrogen enters the storage tank for storage, and then enters the fuel cell reactor for an electrochemical reaction.

[0014] Preferably, the heat exchanger includes plates, a hot inlet main pipe, a cold inlet main pipe, a hot outlet main pipe, and a cold outlet main pipe. Cooling water enters from the hot inlet main pipe, and circulating water enters from the cold inlet main pipe. Heat exchange is carried out in the separated plates. Then, the cooling water flows out from the hot outlet main pipe, and the circulating water flows out from the cold outlet main pipe. Then, the cooling water returns to the marine methanol engine after dissipating the heat through the radiator.

[0015] Preferably, when the circulating water volume of the fuel cell reactor is insufficient, the expansion water tank supplies water to the circulating water circuit through a circulating pump.

[0016] A method for controlling the cogeneration of heat and power of a ship methanol engine and a fuel cell, the method comprising the following steps:

[0017] The cooling water of the marine methanol engine flows out from the cooling water outlet through the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve, and then enters the hot inlet main pipe at the top of the heat exchanger and flows from top to bottom. The circulating water of the fuel cell reactor enters the cold inlet main pipe at the bottom of the heat exchanger and flows from bottom to top. The hot and cold baffles are connected at intervals, and sufficient convection heat exchange is achieved. Then, the cooling water enters the outlet main pipe and flows out respectively.

[0018] The first temperature sensor measures the outlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor, and the second temperature sensor measures the inlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor; when the fuel cell is working, when the first temperature sensor of the circulating water circuit senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than the first temperature value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually increase until it is fully open; when the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than the first temperature value, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually increase; when the first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the first temperature value but lower than the second temperature value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually decrease; when the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the first temperature value but lower than the second temperature value, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator end is controlled to gradually increase; when the first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the second set value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering one end of the heat exchanger is controlled to gradually increase until it is fully open; when the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the second set value, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator end is controlled to gradually increase until the temperature of the second temperature sensor stabilizes near the second set value.

[0019] Preferably, when the first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than 20°C, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger is controlled to gradually increase by 5% to fully open; when the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than 30°C, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator is controlled to be 0.

[0020] Preferably, when the circulating water temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor is higher than 20°C and lower than 45°C, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger is controlled to be gradually reduced by a change of 2%, and when the second temperature sensor senses that the circulating water temperature is higher than 30°C and lower than 55°C, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator is controlled to be gradually increased by a change of 2%;

[0021] The first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than 45°C, and controls the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger to increase gradually by 3%. The second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than 55°C, and controls the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator to increase gradually by 5%.

[0022] Preferably, by adjusting the cooling water flow rate and flow in the cooling water circuit, the cooling water of the ship's methanol engine is used to achieve that during the process from startup to normal operation of the fuel cell, the circulating water temperature of the fuel cell reactor first gradually increases and then stabilizes at the operating temperature of the fuel cell, thereby improving the efficiency of the cogeneration system and reducing greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption.

[0023] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which is executed by a processor to implement a heat and power cogeneration control method for a ship methanol engine and a fuel cell.

[0024] A computer device comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements a heat and power cogeneration control method of a ship methanol engine and a fuel cell when executing the computer program.

[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0027] The present invention uses marine methanol engine cooling water to insulate fuel cell reactor circulating water, improves the stability of fuel cell operating temperature, improves the stability of fuel cell power output, uses the exhaust gas of the marine methanol engine to heat the methanol catalytic reforming hydrogen production reaction, and saves energy and reduces economic costs while solving the problem of hydrogen carrying difficulties. The present invention can maintain the stability of the fuel cell operating temperature without adding an additional heating device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the heat exchanger structure.

[0031] In the figure, 1-marine methanol engine, 2-second three-way valve, 3-radiator, 4-first three-way valve, 5-second temperature sensor, 6-circulating water pump, 7-expansion water tank, 8-heat exchanger, 9-first temperature sensor, 10-fuel cell reactor, 11-storage tank, 12-hydrogen purification equipment, 13-catalytic reformer, 14-methanol storage tank, 15-plate, 16-hot inlet main pipe, 17-cold inlet main pipe, 18-hot outlet main pipe, 19-cold outlet main pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0035] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0036] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Specific embodiment one:

[0038] according to Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the specific optimization technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: the present invention relates to a cogeneration system and control method of a ship methanol engine and a fuel cell.

[0039] The present invention provides a heat and power cogeneration system of a marine methanol engine and a fuel cell, the system comprising: a marine methanol engine 1, a second three-way valve 2, a radiator 3, a first three-way valve 4, a second temperature sensor 5, a circulating water pump 6, an expansion water tank 7, a heat exchanger 8, a first temperature sensor 9, a fuel cell reactor 10, a storage tank 11, a hydrogen purification device 12, a catalytic reformer 13, and a methanol storage tank 14;

[0040] The cooling water outlet of the marine methanol engine 1, the radiator 3, the first three-way valve 4 and the second three-way valve 2 are connected, the first three-way valve 4 is connected to the heat exchanger 8, the heat exchanger 8 is connected to the radiator 3, the radiator 3 is connected to the marine methanol engine 1, and the cooling water flows out of the marine methanol engine 1 and enters the heat exchanger 8 after passing through the second three-way valve 2 and the first three-way valve 4;

[0041] The fuel cell reactor 10 is connected to the heat exchanger 8, the heat exchanger 8 is connected to the circulating water pump 6, the circulating water pump 6 is connected to the expansion water tank 7, and the circulating water pump 6 is connected to the fuel cell reactor 10; the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor 10 flows out from the outlet, passes through the heat exchanger 8 and exchanges heat with the cooling water, and then flows back to the fuel cell reactor 10;

[0042] The exhaust gas outlet of the marine methanol engine 1 is connected to the catalytic reformer 13, the methanol storage tank 14 is connected to the catalytic reformer 13, water vapor is introduced into the catalytic reformer 13, the outlet of the catalytic reformer 13 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen purification equipment 12, the outlet of the hydrogen purification equipment 12 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 11, and the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 11 is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell reactor 10.

[0043] The first temperature sensor 9 measures the outlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor 10 , and the second temperature sensor 5 measures the inlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor 10 . Specific embodiment 2:

[0045] The difference between the second embodiment of the present invention and the first embodiment is that:

[0046] Methanol enters the catalytic reformer from the methanol storage tank and undergoes a catalytic reforming reaction with water vapor under the heat of the marine methanol engine exhaust gas to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen is then stored in a storage tank and then enters the fuel cell reactor for an electrochemical reaction. Specific embodiment three:

[0048] The difference between the third embodiment of the present invention and the second embodiment is that:

[0049] The heat exchanger includes plates, a hot inlet main pipe, a cold inlet main pipe, a hot outlet main pipe, and a cold outlet main pipe. Cooling water enters from the hot inlet main pipe, and circulating water enters from the cold inlet main pipe. Heat is exchanged in the separated plates. Then, the cooling water flows out from the hot outlet main pipe, and the circulating water flows out from the cold outlet main pipe. Then, the cooling water returns to the marine methanol engine after dissipating the heat through the radiator. Specific embodiment four:

[0051] The difference between the fourth embodiment of the present invention and the third embodiment is that:

[0052] When the circulating water volume of the fuel cell reactor is insufficient, the expansion water tank supplies water to the circulating water circuit through the circulating pump. Specific embodiment five:

[0054] The difference between the fifth embodiment of the present invention and the fourth embodiment is that:

[0055] The present invention provides a method for controlling the cogeneration of heat and power of a ship methanol engine and a fuel cell, the method comprising the following steps:

[0056] The cooling water of the marine methanol engine flows out from the cooling water outlet through the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve, and then enters the hot inlet main pipe at the top of the heat exchanger and flows from top to bottom. The circulating water of the fuel cell reactor enters the cold inlet main pipe at the bottom of the heat exchanger and flows from bottom to top. The hot and cold baffles are connected at intervals, and sufficient convection heat exchange is achieved. Then, the cooling water enters the outlet main pipe and flows out respectively.

[0057] The first temperature sensor measures the outlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor, and the second temperature sensor measures the inlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor; when the fuel cell is working, when the first temperature sensor of the circulating water circuit senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than the first temperature value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually increase until it is fully open; when the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than the first temperature value, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually increase; when the first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the first temperature value but lower than the second temperature value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually decrease; when the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the first temperature value but lower than the second temperature value, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator end is controlled to gradually increase; when the first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the second set value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering one end of the heat exchanger is controlled to gradually increase until it is fully open; when the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the second set value, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator end is controlled to gradually increase until the temperature of the second temperature sensor stabilizes near the second set value. Specific embodiment six:

[0059] The difference between the sixth embodiment of the present invention and the fifth embodiment is that:

[0060] When the first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than 20°C, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger is controlled to gradually increase by 5% to fully open. When the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than 30°C, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator is controlled to be 0. Specific embodiment seven:

[0062] The difference between the seventh embodiment of the present invention and the sixth embodiment is that:

[0063] When the circulating water temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor is higher than 20°C and lower than 45°C, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger is controlled to gradually decrease by 2%; when the circulating water temperature sensed by the second temperature sensor is higher than 30°C and lower than 55°C, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator is controlled to gradually increase by 2%;

[0064] The first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than 45°C, and controls the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger to increase gradually by 3%. The second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than 55°C, and controls the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator to increase gradually by 5%. Specific embodiment eight:

[0066] The difference between the eighth embodiment of the present invention and the seventh embodiment is that:

[0067] By adjusting the cooling water flow rate and flow in the cooling water circuit, and utilizing the cooling water of the ship's methanol engine, the circulating water temperature of the fuel cell reactor gradually increases and then stabilizes at the operating temperature of the fuel cell during the process from startup to normal operation, thereby improving the efficiency of the cogeneration system and reducing greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. Specific embodiment nine:

[0069] The difference between the ninth embodiment of the present invention and the eighth embodiment is that:

[0070] The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. The program is executed by a processor to implement a heat and power cogeneration control method for a ship methanol engine and a fuel cell.

[0071] The method comprises the following steps:

[0072] The cooling water of the marine methanol engine flows out from the cooling water outlet through the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve, and then enters the hot inlet main pipe at the top of the heat exchanger and flows from top to bottom. The circulating water of the fuel cell reactor enters the cold inlet main pipe at the bottom of the heat exchanger and flows from bottom to top. The hot and cold baffles are connected at intervals, and sufficient convection heat exchange is achieved. Then, the cooling water enters the outlet main pipe and flows out respectively.

[0073] The first temperature sensor measures the outlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor, and the second temperature sensor measures the inlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor; when the fuel cell is working, when the first temperature sensor of the circulating water circuit senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than the first temperature value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually increase until it is fully open; when the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than the first temperature value, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually increase; when the first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the first temperature value but lower than the second temperature value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually decrease; when the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the first temperature value but lower than the second temperature value, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator end is controlled to gradually increase; when the first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the second set value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering one end of the heat exchanger is controlled to gradually increase until it is fully open; when the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the second set value, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator end is controlled to gradually increase until the temperature of the second temperature sensor stabilizes near the second set value. Specific embodiment ten:

[0075] The difference between the tenth embodiment of the present invention and the ninth embodiment is that:

[0076] The present invention provides a computer device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements a heat and power cogeneration control method of a ship methanol engine and a fuel cell when executing the computer program.

[0077] The method comprises the following steps:

[0078] The cooling water of the marine methanol engine flows out from the cooling water outlet through the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve, and then enters the hot inlet main pipe at the top of the heat exchanger and flows from top to bottom. The circulating water of the fuel cell reactor enters the cold inlet main pipe at the bottom of the heat exchanger and flows from bottom to top. The hot and cold baffles are connected at intervals, and sufficient convection heat exchange is achieved. Then, the cooling water enters the outlet main pipe and flows out respectively.

[0079] The first temperature sensor measures the outlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor, and the second temperature sensor measures the inlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor; when the fuel cell is working, when the first temperature sensor of the circulating water circuit senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than the first temperature value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually increase until it is fully open; when the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than the first temperature value, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually increase; when the first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the first temperature value but lower than the second temperature value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually decrease; when the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the first temperature value but lower than the second temperature value, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator end is controlled to gradually increase; when the first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the second set value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering one end of the heat exchanger is controlled to gradually increase until it is fully open; when the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the second set value, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator end is controlled to gradually increase until the temperature of the second temperature sensor stabilizes near the second set value. Specific embodiment eleven:

[0081] The difference between the eleventh embodiment of the present invention and the tenth embodiment is that:

[0082] Combination Figure 1 The present invention is applied to a heat and power cogeneration system and control method of a ship methanol engine and a fuel cell, comprising a cooling water circuit, a circulating water circuit, a hydrogen flow and a control circuit. The cooling water circuit comprises a ship methanol engine 1, a second three-way valve 2, a first three-way valve 4, a heat exchanger 8 and a radiator 3. The ship methanol engine cooling water outlet 1, the radiator outlet 3, the first three-way valve 4 and the second three-way valve 2 are connected, the first three-way valve 4 is connected to the heat exchanger 8, the heat exchanger 8 is connected to the radiator 3, the radiator 3 is connected to the ship methanol engine 1, and the cooling water flows out of the ship methanol engine 1 and then passes through the second three-way valve 2 and the first three-way valve 4 before entering the heat exchanger 8.

[0083] The heat exchanger 8 includes plates 15, a hot inlet main pipe 16, a cold inlet main pipe 19, a hot outlet main pipe 18, and a cold outlet main pipe 17. Cooling water enters the heat exchanger 8 from the hot inlet main pipe 16, and circulating water enters from the cold inlet main pipe 19. Heat is exchanged in the separated plates 15. Then, the cooling water flows out from the hot outlet main pipe 18, and the circulating water flows out from the cold outlet main pipe 17. Then, the cooling water returns to the marine methanol engine after dissipating heat through the radiator 3.

[0084] The circulating water circuit includes a fuel cell reactor 10, a heat exchanger 8, a circulating water pump 6, and an expansion water tank 7. The fuel cell reactor 10 is connected to the heat exchanger 8, the heat exchanger 8 is connected to the circulating water pump 6, the circulating water pump 6 is connected to the expansion water tank 7, and the circulating water pump 6 is connected to the fuel cell reactor 10. After the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor 10 flows out from the outlet, it exchanges heat with the cooling water through the heat exchanger 8 and then flows back to the fuel cell reactor 10. When the circulating water volume of the fuel cell reactor 10 is insufficient, the expansion water tank 7 supplies water to the circulating water circuit through the circulating pump 6. The hydrogen flow includes a marine methanol engine 1, a methanol storage tank 14, a catalytic reformer 13, a hydrogen purification device 12, a hydrogen storage tank 11, and a fuel cell reactor 10. The exhaust gas outlet 1 of the marine methanol engine is connected to the catalytic reformer 13, the methanol storage tank 14 is connected to the catalytic reformer 13, water vapor is introduced into the catalytic reformer 13, the catalytic reformer outlet 13 is connected to the inlet 12 of the hydrogen purification equipment, the outlet 12 of the hydrogen purification equipment is connected to the inlet 11 of the hydrogen storage tank, and the outlet 11 of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the fuel cell reactor air inlet 10. Methanol enters the catalytic reformer 13 from the methanol storage tank 14 and reacts with water vapor to produce hydrogen under the heat of the exhaust gas of the marine methanol engine 1, and then the hydrogen enters the storage tank 11 for storage, and then enters the fuel cell reactor 10 for electrochemical reaction.

[0085] The first temperature sensor 9 in the control circuit measures the outlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor 10, and the second temperature sensor 5 measures the inlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor 10. When the first temperature sensor 9 senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than 20°C, the opening of the first three-way valve 4 entering the heat exchanger 8 is controlled to be gradually increased to full open with a change of 5%. When the second temperature sensor 5 senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than 30°C, the opening of the second three-way valve 2 entering the radiator 3 is controlled to be 0. When the circulating water temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor 9 is higher than 20°C and lower than 45°C, the opening of the first three-way valve 4 entering the heat exchanger 6 is controlled to be gradually reduced with a change of 2%. When the second temperature sensor 5 senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than 30°C and lower than 55°C, the opening of the second three-way valve 2 entering the radiator 3 is controlled to be gradually increased with a change of 2%. The first temperature sensor 9 senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than 45°C, and controls the opening of the first three-way valve 4 entering the heat exchanger to increase gradually by 3%. The second temperature sensor 5 senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than 55°C, and controls the opening of the second three-way valve 2 entering the radiator 3 to increase gradually by 5%. Thus, the cooling water flow rate and flow in the cooling water circuit are adjusted, and then the cooling water of the ship methanol engine 1 is used to realize that the circulating water temperature of the fuel cell reactor 10 gradually increases and then stabilizes at the operating temperature of the fuel cell during the process from starting to normal operation of the fuel cell, thereby improving the efficiency of the cogeneration system and reducing greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption.

[0086] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: cooling water flows out of the marine methanol engine 1 and then passes through the second three-way valve 2 and the first three-way valve 4 before entering the heat exchanger 8, where it exchanges heat with the circulating water circuit of the fuel cell reactor 10, and then returns to the marine methanol engine after dissipating heat through the radiator 3. The heat exchanger 8 comprises a plate 15, a hot inlet manifold 16, a cold inlet manifold 19, a hot outlet manifold 18, and a cold outlet manifold 17. The cooling water enters from the hot inlet manifold 16 of the heat exchanger 8, and the circulating water enters from the cold inlet manifold 19, and heat is exchanged in the separated plates 15. Then, the cooling water flows out from the hot outlet manifold 18, and the circulating water flows out from the cold outlet manifold 17. Then, the cooling water returns to the marine methanol engine after dissipating heat through the radiator 3. After the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor 10 flows out from the outlet, it exchanges heat with the cooling water through the heat exchanger 8 and then flows back to the fuel cell reactor 10. When the circulating water volume of the fuel cell reactor 10 is insufficient, the expansion water tank 7 supplies water to the circulating water circuit through the circulating pump 6. Methanol enters the catalytic reformer 13 from the methanol storage tank 14 and reacts with water vapor to produce hydrogen under the heat of the exhaust gas of the marine methanol engine 1. The hydrogen then enters the storage tank 11 for storage and then enters the fuel cell reactor 10 for electrochemical reaction. The first temperature sensor 9 measures the outlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor 10, and the second temperature sensor 5 measures the inlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor 10. The first temperature sensor 9 controls the opening of the first three-way valve 4 through a control signal, and the second temperature sensor 5 controls the opening of the second three-way valve 2. When the first temperature sensor 9 senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than 20°C, the opening of the first three-way valve 4 entering the heat exchanger 8 is controlled to increase gradually to full open with a change of 5%. When the second temperature sensor 5 senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than 30°C, the opening of the second three-way valve 2 entering the radiator 3 is controlled to be 0. When the temperature of the circulating water sensed by the first temperature sensor 9 is higher than 20°C and lower than 45°C, the opening of the first three-way valve 4 entering the heat exchanger 6 is controlled to decrease gradually with a change of 2%. When the second temperature sensor 5 senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than 30°C and lower than 55°C, the opening of the second three-way valve 2 entering the radiator 3 is controlled to increase gradually with a change of 2%. When the first temperature sensor 9 senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than 45°C, the opening of the first three-way valve 4 entering the heat exchanger is controlled to increase gradually with a change of 3%. When the second temperature sensor 5 senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than 55°C, the opening of the second three-way valve 2 entering the radiator 3 is controlled to increase gradually with a change of 5%. The cooling water flow rate and flow rate in the cooling water circuit are thereby adjusted, so that the circulating water temperature of the fuel cell reactor 10 gradually increases and then stabilizes at the operating temperature of the fuel cell during the process from the start-up to the normal operation of the fuel cell.

[0087] The heat and power cogeneration system applied to a ship methanol engine and a fuel cell of the present invention may also include:

[0088] The fuel cell is a low-temperature proton exchange membrane hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. The external circulation water circuit of the fuel cell reactor controls the operating temperature of the fuel cell. The heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger, including a plate and two cold / hot fluid channels. The cold / hot heat exchange medium flows through their respective channels and exchanges heat with the separated plates.

[0089] The outlet of circulating water of the fuel cell reactor is connected to a first temperature sensor, the inlet of circulating water of the fuel cell reactor is connected to a second temperature sensor, the first temperature sensor is connected to a first three-way valve, and the second temperature sensor is connected to a second three-way valve.

[0090] The expansion tank replenishes the circulating water circuit when the circulating water volume of the fuel cell reactor is insufficient. The catalytic reformer is connected to the steam inlet pipeline. The circulating water pump is used to input circulating water to the fuel cell reactor.

[0091] The fuel cell reactor is connected to an oxygen intake pipeline and an exhaust pipeline to discharge the remaining gas after the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell reactor.

[0092] Methanol storage tanks provide feedstock for marine methanol engines and catalytic reformers.

[0093] The present invention is applied to the cogeneration control method of ship methanol engine and fuel cell, and is characterized in that: the cooling water of the ship methanol engine passes through the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve after coming out of the cooling water outlet, enters the hot inlet main pipe of the upper part of the heat exchanger and flows from top to bottom, and the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor enters the cold inlet main pipe of the lower part of the heat exchanger and flows from bottom to top, and the cold and hot partitions are connected at intervals, and sufficient convection heat exchange is achieved, and then enters the outlet main pipe respectively and flows out. The first temperature sensor measures the outlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor, and the second temperature sensor measures the inlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor. When the fuel cell is working, when the first temperature sensor of the circulating water circuit senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than the first temperature value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually increase until it is fully opened. When the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than the first temperature value, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually increase. When the first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the first temperature value but lower than the second temperature value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually decrease. When the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the first temperature value but lower than the second temperature value, the opening of the radiator end of the second three-way valve is controlled to gradually increase. When the first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the second set value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering one end of the heat exchanger is controlled to gradually increase until it is fully opened. When the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the second set value, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator end is controlled to gradually increase until the temperature of the second temperature sensor stabilizes near the second set value.

[0094] The cogeneration control method for a ship methanol engine and a fuel cell according to the present invention may further include:

[0095] 1. When the fuel cell is just started, the first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than 20°C, and the temperature of the second temperature sensor is lower than 30°C. The opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger is controlled to increase gradually by 5% to fully open, and the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator is controlled to be 0.

[0096] 2. When the fuel cell is started, the circulating water temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor is higher than 20°C and lower than 45°C, and the circulating water temperature sensed by the second temperature sensor is higher than 30°C and lower than 55°C, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger is controlled to gradually decrease by 2%, and the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator is controlled to gradually increase by 2%.

[0097] 3. When the fuel cell is working normally, the first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than 45°C, and the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than 55°C. The opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger is controlled to increase gradually by 3%, and the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator is controlled to increase gradually by 5%.

[0098] In the description of this specification, the description of reference terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or N embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "N" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. Any process or method description in the flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, fragment or portion of code including one or more executable instructions for implementing the steps of a custom logic function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes other implementations, in which the functions may not be performed in the order shown or discussed, including in a substantially simultaneous manner or in a reverse order according to the functions involved, which should be understood by a person skilled in the art of the art to which the embodiments of the present invention belong. The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, may be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing the logic function, and may be specifically implemented in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor or other system that can fetch instructions from an instruction execution system, device or apparatus and execute instructions), or in combination with these instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" may be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transmit a program for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus, or in combination with these instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include the following: an electrical connection having one or N wirings (electronic device), a portable computer disk case (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a fiber optic device, and a portable compact disk read-only memory (CDROM).In addition, the computer-readable medium can even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program can be printed, because the program can be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting or processing in other suitable ways as necessary, and then stored in a computer memory. It should be understood that the various parts of the present invention can be implemented with hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-mentioned embodiment, N steps or methods can be implemented with software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented with hardware, as in another embodiment, any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination can be used to implement: a discrete logic circuit with a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit with a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0099] The above is only a preferred embodiment of a cogeneration system and control method of a ship methanol engine and a fuel cell. The protection scope of a cogeneration system and control method of a ship methanol engine and a fuel cell is not limited to the above embodiment. All technical solutions under this idea belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and changes without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ship methanol engine and fuel cell cogeneration system, characterized by: The system comprises: a marine methanol engine, a second three-way valve, a radiator, a first three-way valve, a second temperature sensor, a circulating water pump, an expansion water tank, a heat exchanger, a first temperature sensor, a fuel cell reactor, a storage tank, a hydrogen purification device, a catalytic reformer, and a methanol storage tank; The cooling water outlet of the marine methanol engine, the radiator, the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve are connected, the first three-way valve is connected to the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is connected to the radiator, the radiator is connected to the marine methanol engine, and the cooling water flows out of the marine methanol engine and enters the heat exchanger after passing through the second three-way valve and the first three-way valve; The fuel cell reactor is connected to the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is connected to the circulating water pump, the circulating water pump is connected to the expansion water tank, and the circulating water pump is connected to the fuel cell reactor; the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor flows out from the outlet, exchanges heat with the cooling water through the heat exchanger, and then flows back to the fuel cell reactor; The exhaust gas outlet of the marine methanol engine is connected to the catalytic reformer, the methanol storage tank is connected to the catalytic reformer, water vapor is introduced into the catalytic reformer, the outlet of the catalytic reformer is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen purification equipment, the outlet of the hydrogen purification equipment is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, and the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell reactor; The first temperature sensor measures the outlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor, and the second temperature sensor measures the inlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Methanol enters the catalytic reformer from the methanol storage tank and undergoes a catalytic reforming reaction with water vapor under the heat of the marine methanol engine exhaust gas to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen is then stored in a storage tank and then enters the fuel cell reactor for an electrochemical reaction.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat exchanger includes plates, a hot inlet main pipe, a cold inlet main pipe, a hot outlet main pipe, and a cold outlet main pipe. Cooling water enters from the hot inlet main pipe, and circulating water enters from the cold inlet main pipe. Heat is exchanged in the separated plates. Then, the cooling water flows out from the hot outlet main pipe, and the circulating water flows out from the cold outlet main pipe. Then, the cooling water returns to the marine methanol engine after dissipating the heat through the radiator.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the circulating water volume of the fuel cell reactor is insufficient, the expansion water tank supplies water to the circulating water circuit through the circulating pump.

5. A method for controlling the cogeneration of heat and power of a ship methanol engine and a fuel cell, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: The cooling water of the marine methanol engine flows out from the cooling water outlet through the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve, and then enters the hot inlet main pipe at the top of the heat exchanger and flows from top to bottom. The circulating water of the fuel cell reactor enters the cold inlet main pipe at the bottom of the heat exchanger and flows from bottom to top. The hot and cold baffles are connected at intervals, and sufficient convection heat exchange is achieved. Then, the cooling water enters the outlet main pipe and flows out respectively. The first temperature sensor measures the outlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor, and the second temperature sensor measures the inlet temperature of the circulating water of the fuel cell reactor; when the fuel cell is working, when the first temperature sensor of the circulating water circuit senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than the first temperature value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually increase until it is fully opened; when the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than the first temperature value, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually increase; when the first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the first temperature value but lower than the second temperature value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger end is controlled to gradually decrease; when the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the first temperature value but lower than the second temperature value, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator end is controlled to gradually increase; when the first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the second set value, the opening of the first three-way valve entering one end of the heat exchanger is controlled to gradually increase until it is fully opened; when the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than the second set value, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator end is controlled to gradually increase until the temperature of the second temperature sensor stabilizes near the second set value.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than 20°C, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger is controlled to gradually increase by 5% to fully open. When the second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is lower than 30°C, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator is controlled to be 0.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the circulating water temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor is higher than 20°C and lower than 45°C, the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger is controlled to gradually decrease by 2%; when the circulating water temperature sensed by the second temperature sensor is higher than 30°C and lower than 55°C, the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator is controlled to gradually increase by 2%; The first temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than 45°C, and controls the opening of the first three-way valve entering the heat exchanger to increase gradually by 3%. The second temperature sensor senses that the temperature of the circulating water is higher than 55°C, and controls the opening of the second three-way valve entering the radiator to increase gradually by 5%.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: By adjusting the cooling water flow rate and flow in the cooling water circuit, and utilizing the cooling water of the ship's methanol engine, the circulating water temperature of the fuel cell reactor gradually increases and then stabilizes at the operating temperature of the fuel cell during the process from startup to normal operation, thereby improving the efficiency of the cogeneration system and reducing greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: The program is executed by a processor to implement the method according to claims 5-8.

10. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the method of claims 5-8 is implemented.

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