System and method for simulating and monitoring environmental impact of well completion activity

Abstract

The systems and methods presented herein generally relate to an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system that enables forecasting, real-time monitoring, prediction (e.g., via back calculations using historical data, statistical data, and / or manual inputs related to equipment specifications, etc.), and measurement of environmental impact of well completion activity of a hydrocarbon production system. These activities include, but are not limited to, water management, sand management, fracturing operations and all related mobilization, among other activities. In some embodiments, the output of the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system may be a quantization parameter associated with sustainability metrics approved across various industries.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 269,129, filed on March 10, 2022, entitled “Systems and Methods to Model and Monitor Environmental Impact of Well Completion Activities,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure generally relates to simulating and monitoring the environmental impacts of completion activities of an oil and gas production system using field data collected in substantially real time during operation of the oil and gas production system. Background Art

[0004] This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of the technology that may be related to various aspects of the technology described and / or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. Therefore, it should be understood that these statements should be read in this light and not as any form of admission.

[0005] Completion services are required for most oil and gas wells and include, but are not limited to, fracturing, perforating, completion staging, flowback, etc. A successful completion process requires a significant amount of resources, including equipment, proppants, water, diesel, etc. The completion process also has an impact on the environment, such as engine emissions when driving or pumping, fugitive methane emissions, dust and substances generated during the well startup process are released into the atmosphere, etc. Services associated with the completion process, such as flowback water delivery, treatment and disposal, also have an environmental footprint. Some development impacts are more social in nature (such as traffic, noise, etc.), but also need to be considered in completion planning. The full environmental profile of completion operations is very extensive, so it is challenging for operators to fully evaluate and quantify it before and after operations. Summary of the invention

[0006] The following sets forth an overview of certain embodiments described herein. It should be understood that these aspects are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief overview of these particular embodiments, and these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0007] Certain embodiments of the present disclosure include a method that includes detecting, by one or more sensors of the oil and gas production system, operational data related to one or more completion activities of the oil and gas production system. The method also includes automatically calculating, by an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system, one or more sustainability impact metrics related to the completion activities of the oil and gas production system based at least in part on the operational data detected by the one or more sensors and / or one or more manual inputs related to equipment specifications of the equipment of the oil and gas production system.

[0008] Certain embodiments of the present disclosure also include a system that includes one or more sensors of an oil and gas production system, the one or more sensors being configured to detect operational data related to one or more completion activities of the oil and gas production system. The system also includes an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system that is configured to automatically calculate one or more sustainability impact metrics related to completion activities of the oil and gas production system based at least in part on the operational data detected by the one or more sensors and / or one or more manual inputs related to equipment specifications of equipment of the oil and gas production system.

[0009] With respect to various aspects of the present disclosure, various improvements may be made to the above-mentioned features. More features may also be incorporated into these different aspects. These improvements and additional features may exist alone or in any combination. For example, the various features associated with one or more of the illustrated embodiments discussed below may be incorporated into any of the above-mentioned aspects of the present disclosure alone or in any combination. The brief overview given above is intended to familiarize the reader with certain aspects and backgrounds of the embodiments of the present disclosure without limiting the subject matter claimed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Various aspects of the present disclosure may be better understood by reading the following detailed description and referring to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0011] Figure 1 A wellsite having a drilling rig located above a subterranean formation including one or more oil and / or gas reservoirs is shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0012] FIG2 illustrates an exemplary oil and gas production system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0013] 3 is a schematic diagram of various subsystems of the oil and gas production system of FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0014] FIG. 4 illustrates various devices and infrastructure that may be mobilized and demobilized as part of the mobilization and demobilization shown in FIG. 3 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0015] 5 illustrates various consumable materials that may be transported to an oil and gas production system as part of the consumable material transport illustrated in FIG. 3 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0016] FIG6 illustrates the exemplary hydraulic fracturing operation shown in FIG3 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates the return / produced water transport and return flow treatment and / or reuse shown in FIG. 3 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0018] FIG8 illustrates a system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the system including an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system to monitor and control an oil and gas production system;

[0019] 9 illustrates a process workflow according to an embodiment of the present disclosure that may be performed by an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system to model, monitor, and measure environmental impacts associated with completion activities of an oil and gas production system in substantially real time;

[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates a sensor that can detect data related to well completion activities of an oil and gas production system in substantially real time, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0021] FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a method for using an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] One or more specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below. These described embodiments are merely examples of the currently disclosed technology. In addition, in order to provide a concise description of these embodiments, all features of the actual implementation may not be described in the specification. It should be understood that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, many implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as meeting system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from implementation to implementation. In addition, it should be understood that such development efforts may be complex and time-consuming, but for ordinary technicians who benefit from the present disclosure, this is still a routine task of design, production and manufacturing.

[0023] When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present disclosure, the articles "a," "an," and "the" are intended to indicate that there are one or more elements. The terms "comprising," "including," and "having" are intended to be inclusive, and mean that there may be additional elements in addition to the listed elements. Furthermore, it should be understood that reference to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" of the present disclosure is not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features.

[0024] As used herein, the terms "connect", "connection", "connected", "connected with", and "connected with" are used to mean "directly connected with" or "connected with via one or more elements"; the term "group" is used to mean "one element" or "more than one element". In addition, the terms "couple", "coupled with", "coupled together", and "coupled with" are used to mean "directly connected together" or "coupled together via one or more elements".

[0025] In addition, as used herein, the terms "real time," "real-time," or "substantially real-time" may be used interchangeably and are intended to describe operations (e.g., computing operations) that are performed without any human-perceptible interruptions between operations. For example, as used herein, data associated with the systems described herein may be collected, transmitted, and / or used to control computing in "substantially real time," such that during system operation (e.g., while the system is operating), data reading, data transmission, and / or data processing steps occur once per second, once every 0.1 seconds, once every 0.01 seconds, or even more frequently. In addition, as used herein, the terms "continuous," "continuously," or "continuously" are intended to describe operations that are performed without any noticeable interruptions. For example, as used herein, control commands may be transmitted to certain devices every five minutes, every minute, every 30 seconds, every 15 seconds, every 10 seconds, every 5 seconds, or even more frequently, such that operating parameters of the devices may be adjusted without causing any significant interruption to the closed-loop control of the devices. Furthermore, as used herein, the terms "automatic," "automated," "autonomous," and the like are intended to describe, for example, operations performed or caused to be performed by a computing system (ie, performed solely by the computing system without human intervention).

[0026] As described in more detail herein, several dynamic activities occur to achieve well completion activities, including water, chemical and sand management activities, transportation of related consumables, mobilization / demobilization of equipment required to deliver various elements, and delivery of operational services at the fracturing well site, etc. Currently, there are no tools that can understand and estimate the sustainability impact of completion activities using field data. In particular, there are currently no tools available in the oilfield application space that can assess the footprint associated with oilfield operations, which is critical to analyzing and adjusting proposed workflows and achieving carbon awareness commitments.

[0027] As described in more detail herein, the embodiments described herein provide an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system that is capable of predicting, monitoring in real time, and measuring the environmental impact of completion activities of an oil and gas production system. These activities include, but are not limited to, water management, sand management, fracturing operations, and all related mobilizations, as well as other activities. In certain embodiments, the output of the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system can be a quantitative parameter associated with a sustainability metric recognized across various industries. In particular, the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system enables an operator to predict environmental impacts based on operating parameters input into the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system, and outputs relevant metrics for measuring the environmental footprint of the oil and gas production system. The environmental impact modeling and monitoring system can also internally calculate and output relevant sustainability metrics by utilizing sensors and meters at various nodes of the oil and gas production system, thereby measuring the actual environmental impact in real time. In other words, the embodiments described herein automatically measure and quantify environmental impacts in substantially real time based on field data collected by sensors and meters.

[0028] Figure 1 A wellsite 10 is shown having a drilling rig 12 located above a subterranean formation 14 that includes one or more oil and / or gas reservoirs 16. During operation, a derrick and lifting equipment of the drilling rig 12 may raise or lower a drill string 18 into or from a wellbore 20 of a well 22 to drill the wellbore 20 into the subterranean formation 14, and to position downhole well tools within the wellbore 20 to facilitate completion and production operations of the well 22. For example, in certain operations, a hydraulic fracturing fluid (e.g., a fracturing slurry) may be introduced into the well 22 through the drill string 18, as indicated by arrows 24, which may be used to create fractures 26 in the subterranean formation 14 to facilitate production of oil and / or gas resources from the well 22. As described in more detail herein, production water and the returned injected hydraulic fracturing fluid may be returned to the surface 28 of the wellsite 10 (e.g., through the annulus between the drill string 18 and the wellbore 20), as indicated by arrows 30. In some cases, for every barrel of oil produced from well 22, approximately three barrels of formation water (eg, water having a relatively high salinity) are also produced.

[0029] Oil and gas producers often contract produced water disposal and treatment (WHD) with midstream specialists that specialize in water treatment and disposal. In many cases, produced water is treated and then injected into a salt water disposal (SWD) well. FIG2 shows an example oil and gas production system 32. As shown in FIG2, oil and gas are produced together with water at one or more production wells 22. One or more separators 34 can then be used to separate each reservoir fluid (e.g., oil, gas, produced water, returned injected hydraulic fracturing fluid, etc.), with most of the produced oil and gas being directed to oil and gas pipelines 36, 38, respectively, the remainder being burned via a flare tower 40, and produced water being directed to a temporary storage facility 42 for local (e.g., at a well site 10) treatment and subsequent storage in, for example, a surface pool 44. In some embodiments, most of the produced water is re-injected into a SWD well 46, with only a small portion being injected into the formation 14 via one or more fracturing wells 48 for fracturing purposes.

[0030] The oil and gas production system 32 shown in FIG. 2 may include multiple subsystems, as described in more detail herein. For example, FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of various subsystems of the oil and gas production system 32 of FIG. 2 (e.g., activities related to the delivery completion of the oil and gas production system 32). As shown, in some embodiments, the oil and gas production system 32 includes the mobilization and demobilization 50 of equipment and infrastructure and the transportation 52 of consumable materials to establish the oil and gas production system 32, which is capable of, for example, hydraulic fracturing operations 54 in the well pad. In addition, in some embodiments, the oil and gas production system 32 includes return flow (e.g., produced water) transportation 56 and return flow disposal and / or reuse 58. As described in more detail herein, the oil and gas production system 32 also includes an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60, which is capable of continuously predicting, real-time monitoring and measuring the environmental impact of the completion activities of the oil and gas production system 32. These activities include, but are not limited to, water management, sand management, fracturing operations and all related mobilizations. As described in more detail herein, in some embodiments, the output of the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 can be a quantitative parameter associated with sustainability metrics recognized across various industries.

[0031] FIG. 4 illustrates various equipment and infrastructure that may be mobilized and demobilized as part of the mobilization and demobilization 50 shown in FIG. 3 . For example, in certain embodiments, the mobilization and demobilization 50 may include creating a freshwater pit / pond 44 that may be used to provide freshwater to the oil and gas production system 32, as described in more detail herein. Additionally, in certain embodiments, the mobilization and demobilization 50 may include establishing other types of environmental controls (e.g., a secondary containment mechanism) 62 for the oil and gas production system 32, as described in more detail herein. Additionally, in certain embodiments, the mobilization and demobilization 50 may include creating an on-site groundwater well 64 that may be used to provide groundwater to the oil and gas production system 32, as described in more detail herein. Additionally, in certain embodiments, the mobilization and demobilization 50 may include installing temporary pipelines 36, 38 to facilitate the transport of oil and gas (and, in certain embodiments, water) produced by the oil and gas production system 32, as described in more detail herein. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, mobilization and demobilization 50 may include transporting equipment (e.g., work trucks) 66 and human resources (e.g., workers) 68 to and from oil and gas production system 32, as described in greater detail herein. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, mobilization and demobilization 50 may include other types of mobilization and demobilization.

[0032] FIG5 illustrates various consumable materials that may be transported to the oil and gas production system 32 as part of the consumable material transport 52 shown in FIG3. For example, in certain embodiments, the consumable material transport 52 may include transporting fuel 70 (e.g., by truck) to the oil and gas production system 32, for example, to provide fuel for various equipment of the oil and gas production system 32, as described in more detail herein. In addition, in certain embodiments, the consumable material transport 52 may include transporting water 72 (e.g., by truck and / or pipeline) to the oil and gas production system 32, for example, to be used as a component of a fracturing slurry to be injected into one or more wells 22, 48 of the oil and gas production system 32, as described in more detail herein. In addition, in certain embodiments, the consumable material transport 52 may include transporting chemicals 74 (e.g., by truck) to the oil and gas production system 32, for example, to be injected into one or more wells 22, 48 of the oil and gas production system 32, as described in more detail herein. Additionally, in certain embodiments, the consumable material transport 52 may include transporting acid 76 (e.g., by truck) to the oil and gas production system 32, for example, to be injected into one or more wells 22, 48 of the oil and gas production system 32, as described in more detail herein. Additionally, in certain embodiments, the consumable material transport 52 may include transporting sand 78 (e.g., by truck) to the oil and gas production system 32, for example, to be used as a component of a fracturing slurry to be injected into one or more wells 22, 48 of the oil and gas production system 32, as described in more detail herein. Additionally, in certain embodiments, the consumable material transport 52 may include transporting other types of consumable materials to the oil and gas production system 32.

[0033] FIG6 illustrates an exemplary hydraulic fracturing operation 54 shown in FIG3. For example, in certain embodiments, the hydraulic fracturing operation 54 may include receiving the fuel 70 shown in FIG5 (e.g., via one or more fuel tanker trucks), receiving the water 72 shown in FIG5 (e.g., into one or more fracturing tanks), receiving the chemical 74 shown in FIG5 (e.g., via one or more chemical floats), receiving the acid 76 shown in FIG5 (e.g., via one or more acid trucks), and receiving the sand 78 shown in FIG5 (e.g., via one or more sand head trucks), as described in more detail herein. In addition, in certain embodiments, the water 72 and the chemical 74 may be directed to an additive system 80, and the mixture produced by the additive system 80 may be directed to a fracturing slurry mixer 82 along with additional chemical 74, acid 76, and / or sand 78, and the fracturing slurry mixer 82 may produce a fracturing slurry, which may then be pumped, for example, via one or more high pressure pumps / manifolds 84 to one or more wells 22, 48 of the oil and gas production system 32, as described in more detail herein. In addition, in certain embodiments, the cable truck 86 can be used as a logging unit to monitor downhole parameters of one or more wells 22, 48 of the oil and gas production system 32, such as through a downhole cable tool controlled by the cable truck 86, as described in more detail herein. In addition, in certain embodiments, the fuel 70 can be delivered to the fracturing slurry mixer 82, the high pressure pump / manifold 84, the cable truck 86, and other auxiliary services and equipment 88 (e.g., cranes / booms, computer-aided processing systems, seismic monitoring equipment, other pumping equipment, catering systems, maintenance equipment, etc.) of the oil and gas production system 32, wherein the fuel 70 is used to power these components of the oil and gas production system 32, as described in more detail herein. As shown in FIG. 6, the production fluid 30 (e.g., including produced oil and natural gas, produced water, and recovered fracturing fluid) can be received from one or more wells 22, 48 and processed as described in more detail with respect to FIG. 7, as described in more detail herein.

[0034] For example, FIG. 7 illustrates the return / produced water transport 56 and return disposal and / or reuse 58 shown in FIG. 3 . In particular, the return / produced water portion 90 of the produced fluid 30 can be transported, for example, by truck and / or pipeline, for return disposal and / or reuse 58, as described in more detail herein. For example, in some embodiments, a deepwater disposal well 92 can be used to re-inject at least a portion of the return / produced water portion 90 of the produced fluid 30 into one or more underground formations 14, as described in more detail herein. In addition, in some embodiments, at least some of the return / produced water portion 90 of the produced fluid 30 can be recycled / reused 94, as described in more detail herein. In some embodiments, at least some of the return / produced water portion 90 of the produced fluid 30 can be treated, for example, by a water treatment system 96 before recycling / reuse 94, as described in more detail herein. In addition, in some embodiments, non-return waste 98 can also be recycled / reused.

[0035] Returning now to FIG. 3 , as described in more detail herein, the oil and gas production system 32 may include an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 that is capable of continuous prediction, real-time monitoring, and measurement of the environmental impacts of completion activities of the oil and gas production system 32. These activities include, but are not limited to, water management, sand management, fracturing operations, and all related operations. As described in more detail herein, in certain embodiments, the output of the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 may be a quantitative parameter associated with a sustainability metric recognized across various industries.

[0036] FIG8 shows a system 100 including an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 to monitor and control an oil and gas production system 32, as described in more detail herein. In certain embodiments, the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 may include one or more analysis modules 102 (e.g., a program of processor executable instructions and associated data) that may be configured to perform various functions of the embodiments described herein. In certain embodiments, to perform these various functions, the analysis modules 102 are executed on one or more processors 104 of the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60, which may be connected to one or more storage media 106 of the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60. In fact, in certain embodiments, the one or more analysis modules 102 may be stored in one or more storage media 106.

[0037] In some embodiments, the one or more processors 104 may include a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a processor module or subsystem, a programmable integrated circuit, a programmable gate array, a digital signal processor (DSP), or other control or computing device. In some embodiments, the one or more storage media 106 may be implemented as one or more non-transitory computer-readable or machine-readable storage media. In some embodiments, the one or more storage media 106 may include one or more different forms of memory, including semiconductor memory devices, such as dynamic or static random access memory (DRAM or SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and flash memory; disks, such as fixed disks, floppy disks, and removable disks; other magnetic media including tapes; optical media, such as compact disks (CDs) or digital video disks (DVDs), or other types of storage devices. Note that the processor-executable instructions and associated data of the analysis module 102 may be provided on one computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium of the storage medium 106, or alternatively, may be provided on multiple computer-readable or machine-readable storage media distributed in a large system that may have multiple nodes. Such computer-readable or machine-readable storage media are considered part of an article of manufacture, which may refer to any manufactured component or components. In some embodiments, one or more storage media 106 may be located in a machine running machine-readable instructions, or may be located at a remote site from which machine-readable instructions may be downloaded over a network for execution.

[0038] In certain embodiments, the processor 104 may be connected to a network interface 108 of the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 to allow the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 to communicate (e.g., wirelessly or wired) with various surface sensors 110 (Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, meters, etc.) and / or downhole sensors 112 described herein, as well as with actuators 114 and / or PLCs 116 of surface equipment 118 and / or downhole equipment 120 for monitoring and / or controlling the operation of the oil and gas production system 32, as described in more detail herein. In certain embodiments, the network interface 108 may also facilitate the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 to transmit data to a cloud-based service 122 (or other wired and / or wireless communication network) to, for example, archive the data or enable an external computing system 124 (e.g., in certain embodiments, a remote server, a cloud-based computing system, a terminal, etc.) to access the data and / or remotely interact with the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60. For example, in certain embodiments, some or all of the analysis modules 102 described in more detail herein may be executed via cloud and edge deployments. Additionally, in certain embodiments, the external computing system 124 may be used to enable a user to remotely view data collected and analyzed by the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 , as described in greater detail herein.

[0039] In some embodiments, the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 may include a display 126 configured to display a graphical user interface to present the results of the analysis described herein. In addition, in some embodiments, the graphical user interface can present other information to the operator of the equipment 118, 120. For example, the graphical user interface may include a dashboard configured to present visual information to the operator. In some embodiments, the dashboard can display live (e.g., real-time) data and the analysis results described herein. In addition, in some embodiments, the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 may include one or more input devices 128, which are configured to enable the operator to, for example, provide commands to the equipment 118, 120 described herein. In addition, in some embodiments, the display 126 may include a touch screen interface configured to receive input from the operator.

[0040] It should be understood that the system 100 shown in FIG. 8 is exemplary only, and the system 100 may have more or fewer components than shown, may combine additional components not shown in the embodiment of FIG. 8, and / or the system 100 may have different configurations or arrangements of the components shown in FIG. 8. In addition, the various components shown in FIG. 8 may be implemented with hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and / or application-specific integrated circuits. In addition, the operation of the system 100 described herein may be implemented by running one or more functional modules in an information processing device, such as a dedicated chip, such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLD), a system on a chip (SOC), or other appropriate devices. These modules, combinations of these modules, and / or their combination with hardware are all included within the scope of the embodiments described herein.

[0041] As described in more detail herein, the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 is capable of predicting, monitoring in real time, and measuring the environmental impact of the completion activities of the oil and gas production system 32 described herein. As previously described, these activities include, but are not limited to, water management, sand management, fracturing operations, and all related mobilizations, as well as other activities. In certain embodiments, the output of the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 can be a quantitative parameter associated with a sustainability metric recognized across various industries. In particular, the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 enables an operator to predict environmental impacts based on the operating parameters input into the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60, and outputs relevant metrics for measuring the environmental footprint of the oil and gas production system 32. The environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 can also measure the actual environmental impact in real time by internally calculating and outputting relevant sustainability metrics using sensors 110, 112 at various nodes of the oil and gas production system 32. In other words, the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 automatically measures and quantifies environmental impacts in substantially real time based on field data collected by sensors 110, 112.

[0042] For example, FIG9 illustrates a process workflow 130 that may be performed by the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 to model, monitor, and measure, in substantially real time, environmental impacts associated with completion activities of the oil and gas production system 32. As shown, in certain embodiments, the process flow 130 may include water management 132, chemical management 134, and sand management 136, as well as other types of management, such as managing the mixing of water 72, chemicals 74, acids 76, and sand 78 (as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6) to produce a fracturing slurry that may be injected into one or more wells 22, 48, as described in greater detail herein.

[0043] In addition, in certain embodiments, during water management 132, chemical management 134, and sand management 136, operational data may be collected by the sensors 110, 112 described herein in substantially real time, which may be used as input data 138 to the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60, and used by the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 to automatically calculate environmental impact parameters 140 of the oil and gas production system 32 in substantially real time during completion activities performed by the oil and gas production system 32, as described in more detail herein.

[0044] In certain embodiments, certain sensors 110, 112 associated with equipment used to perform the water management 132 activities described herein (e.g., the surface and downhole equipment 118, 120 shown in FIG. 8) can collect data related to water management 132 in order to automatically determine (or update) sustainability impact metrics 142 in substantially real time during completion activities performed by the oil and gas production system 32 described herein using a sustainability model, as described in more detail herein. For example, referring to Figures 4-7, in some embodiments, the water quality, water level, water flow rate and other characteristics of the water 72 in / from the freshwater pit / pond 44 can be detected by the sensor 110 associated with the freshwater pit / pond 44; the water quality, water level, water flow rate and other characteristics of the water 72 from the groundwater well 64 can be detected by the sensors 110, 112 associated with the groundwater well 64; the water quality, water level, water flow rate and other characteristics of the water 72 injected into the deepwater disposal well 92 can be detected by the sensors 110, 112 associated with the deepwater disposal well 92; the water quality, water level, water flow rate and other characteristics of the water 72 (for example, including return water) transported through pipelines 36, 38 or trucks can be detected by the sensors 110 associated with the pipelines 36, 38 or trucks; the water quality, water level, water flow rate and other characteristics of the water 72 treated by the water treatment system 96 can be detected by the sensors 110 associated with the water treatment system 96; and so on.

[0045] Furthermore, returning to FIG9, in certain embodiments, certain sensors 110 associated with equipment used to perform chemical management 134 activities described herein (e.g., surface equipment 118 shown in FIG8) can collect data related to chemical management 134 to automatically determine (or update) sustainability impact metrics 142 in substantially real time during completion activities performed by the oil and gas production system 32 described herein. For example, referring to FIGS. 4-7, in certain embodiments, the chemical composition, chemical flow rate, and other characteristics of the chemical 74 transported through the pipeline 36, 38 or by truck can be detected by sensors 110 associated with the pipeline 36, 38 or truck; the chemical composition, chemical flow rate, and other characteristics of the chemical 74 input into the additive system 80 can be detected by sensors 110 associated with the additive system 80; the chemical composition, chemical flow rate, and other characteristics of the chemical 74 input into the fracturing slurry mixer 82 can be detected by sensors 110 associated with the fracturing slurry mixer 82; and so on. In addition, in certain embodiments, the acid composition, acid flow rate, and other characteristics of the acid 76 transported via the pipeline 36, 38 or by a truck may be detected by a sensor 110 associated with the pipeline 36, 38 or the truck; the acid composition, acid flow rate, and other characteristics of the acid 76 input into the additive system 80 may be detected by a sensor 110 associated with the additive system 80; the acid composition, acid flow rate, and other characteristics of the acid 76 input into the fracturing slurry mixer 82 may be detected by a sensor 110 associated with the fracturing slurry mixer 82; and so on.

[0046] Furthermore, returning to FIG9, in certain embodiments, certain sensors 110 associated with equipment used to perform the sand management 136 activities described herein (e.g., the surface equipment 118 shown in FIG8) can collect data related to sand management 136 in order to automatically determine (or update) sustainability impact metrics 142 in substantially real time during completion activities performed by the oil and gas production system 32 described herein. For example, referring to FIGS4-7, in certain embodiments, the sand composition, sand volume, and other characteristics of the sand 78 transported by the truck can be detected by sensors 110 associated with the truck; the acid composition, sand composition, sand volume, and other characteristics of the sand 78 input into the fracturing slurry mixer 82 can be detected by sensors 110 associated with the fracturing slurry mixer 82; and so on.

[0047] Additionally, in certain embodiments, certain sensors 110, 112 associated with equipment used to perform the hydraulic fracturing operations described herein (e.g., the surface and downhole equipment 118, 120 shown in FIG8) can collect data related to the hydraulic fracturing operations in order to automatically determine (or update) sustainability impact metrics 142 in substantially real time during completion activities performed by the oil and gas production system 32 described herein. For example, in certain embodiments, slurry composition, slurry volume, slurry flow rate, slurry temperature, slurry pressure, and other characteristics of the fracturing slurry pumped by the high pressure pump / manifold 84 into one or more wells 22, 48 of the oil and gas production system 32 can be detected by sensors 110, 112 associated with the high pressure pump / manifold 84 and / or the one or more wells 22, 48.

[0048] Additionally, in certain embodiments, certain sensors 110 associated with equipment used to perform the hydraulic fracturing operations described herein (e.g., the surface equipment 118 shown in FIG8 ) can collect data related to fuel usage for the hydraulic fracturing operations in order to automatically determine (or update) sustainability impact metrics 142 in substantially real time during completion activities performed by the oil and gas production system 32 described herein. For example, in certain embodiments, the fuel composition, fuel volume, fuel flow rate, and other characteristics of the fuel 70 transported via the pipeline 36, 38 or truck can be detected by the sensors 110 associated with the pipeline 36, 38 or truck; the fuel composition, fuel volume, fuel flow rate, and other characteristics of the fuel 70 consumed by the various surface equipment 118 described herein (e.g., the additive system 80, the fracturing slurry mixer 82, the high pressure pump / manifold 84, the cable truck 86, the auxiliary services and equipment 88, and other surface equipment); and the like.

[0049] Additionally, in certain embodiments, certain sensors 110 associated with equipment (e.g., ground equipment 118 shown in FIG. 8 ) may be configured to detect fugitive methane emissions from the equipment. Additionally, in certain embodiments, certain sensors 110 associated with equipment (e.g., ground equipment 118 shown in FIG. 8 ) may be configured to detect dust and generated materials emitted from the equipment into the atmosphere. Additionally, in certain embodiments, certain sensors 110 associated with trucks used to transport consumable materials described herein (e.g., fuel 70, water 72, chemicals 74, acid 76, sand 78, etc.) may be configured to detect engine emissions from the trucks. Additionally, in certain embodiments, certain sensors 110 associated with trucks may be configured to detect the location, movement, noise generated, and other operating parameters of the trucks so that the impact of the trucks on traffic, noise, etc., can be determined.

[0050] Returning to FIG. 8 , in certain embodiments, the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 may receive data from any or all of the sensors 110 , 112 described herein to automatically determine (or update) sustainability impact metrics 142 substantially in real time during completion activities performed by the oil and gas production system 32 described herein. In certain embodiments, the sustainability impact metrics 142 automatically calculated (e.g., determined and / or updated) and output by the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 may include, but are not limited to, total gas (e.g., methane and other greenhouse gas) emissions; total engine emissions; total power consumption (e.g., including electricity usage rate, natural gas usage rate, fuel usage rate, etc.); water quality impacts (e.g., water quality degradation during completion activities); water usage rate; water disposal and / or recovery / reuse rate; chemical and / or acid usage rate; chemical and / or acid waste disposal and / or recovery / reuse rate; sand usage rate; dust, smoke and other pollution rates; social impacts such as traffic and noise; and the like. In some embodiments, each of these sustainability impact metrics 142 can be automatically calculated (e.g., determined and / or updated) by the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 and output as a ratio of the oil and gas recovery rate of the oil and gas recovery system 32 (e.g., as a non-limiting example, per barrel of oil recovered).

[0051] In some embodiments, the analysis module 102 used by the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 to automatically determine (or update) the sustainability impact metric 142 in substantially real time based on the data received from the sensors 110, 112 may include a model of the environmental impact parameters 140 that correlates the various types of data received from the sensors 110, 112 to automatically determine (or update) the impact of each type of data on the sustainability impact metric 142. As just one non-limiting example, an increase in the amount of slurry used during a hydraulic fracturing operation may have an indirect impact on fugitive gas emissions as observed based on historical data received from the sensors 110, 112. To this end, in some embodiments, the analysis module 102 may include a machine learning algorithm that enables the analysis module 102 to learn new correlations with the various different types of data received from the sensors 110, 112 over time. Furthermore, in some embodiments, such a machine learning algorithm may be at least partially manually trained using expert knowledge input by an operator of the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the sustainability impact metric 142 may be back-calculated by the machine learning algorithm based on historical data, statistics, and / or manual input (e.g., equipment specifications, operating hours, etc.), for example, in the event of missing inputs, erroneous data, etc. Indeed, in certain embodiments, the machine learning algorithm may be configured to determine when data collected via the sensors 110 , 112 is missing and / or erroneous, and may then determine such historical data, statistics, and / or manual input that should be used instead to calculate the sustainability impact metric 142 .

[0052] In certain embodiments, the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 may be configured to automatically determine recommendations for improving certain environmental impacts of the oil and gas production system 32 based, at least in part, on the sustainability impact metrics 142 determined by the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60. Further, in certain embodiments, the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 may be configured to automatically control operating parameters of the equipment 118, 120 of the oil and gas production system 32 based, at least in part, on the sustainability impact metrics 142 determined by the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60. For example, as one non-limiting example only, the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 may be configured to automatically adjust the rate at which the fracturing slurry is pumped into the wells 22, 48 in response to the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 determining that fugitive gas emissions are elevated relative to normal levels. It should be understood that in other embodiments, the operating parameters of the equipment 118, 120 of the oil and gas production system 32 may be manually controlled, for example, by an operator of the oil and gas production system 32 based on the recommendations generated by the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60, as described in more detail herein.

[0053] It should be appreciated that the amount of data detected by the numerous sensors 110, 112 described herein may be substantial, and that continuously transmitting data from the sensors 110, 112 to the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 (e.g., via communication circuitry associated with the respective sensors 110, 112) may use a relatively large amount of network bandwidth, as well as require the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 to perform a relatively large amount of processing in order to update the sustainability impact metrics 142 in substantially real time during the completion activities performed by the oil and gas production system 32 described herein. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the sensors 110, 112 (or devices 118, 120 that include or are directly associated with the respective sensors 110, 112) may be able to determine when data should be transmitted to the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 for analysis by, for example, determining the timing of such data transmissions.

[0054] For example, as shown in FIG10 , in some embodiments, the sensors 110, 112 may include (or be associated as part of a device 118, 120 that includes the respective sensor 110, 112 or is directly associated with the respective sensor 110, 112) one or more analysis modules 144 (e.g., a program of processor-executable instructions and associated data), which may be configured to perform various functions of the embodiments described herein, including, but not limited to, for example, minimizing data transmitted to the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 via local processing of the sensors 110, 112 (or devices 118, 120 that include the respective sensor 110, 112 or are directly associated with the respective sensor 110, 112). For example, in some embodiments, the one or more analysis modules 144 may be configured to locally determine whether data recently detected by the sensing circuit 146 of the respective sensor 110, 112 has changed significantly since a previous detection, and may transmit the data to the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 only if, for example, the data has changed by more than a predetermined threshold amount. Additionally, in certain embodiments, one or more analysis modules 144 may be configured to transmit data to the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 at a data transmission rate determined at least in part based on, for example, the relative priority (e.g., importance) levels of the devices 118, 120 associated with a particular sensor 110, 112. For example, in certain embodiments, some sensors 110, 112 may be associated with a communication circuit to continuously transmit data to the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60, while other sensors 110, 112 may only be associated with a communication circuit to relatively infrequently (e.g., once an hour, once a day, etc.) transmit data to the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60.

[0055] In some embodiments, to perform these various functions, the analysis module 144 is executed on one or more processors 148 of the sensors 110, 112 (or devices 118, 120 including or directly associated with the respective sensors 110, 112), which may be connected to one or more storage media 150 of the sensors 110, 112 (or devices 118, 120 including or directly associated with the respective sensors 110, 112). Indeed, in some embodiments, the one or more analysis modules 144 may be stored in the one or more storage media 150. In some embodiments, the one or more processors 148 may include a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a processor module or subsystem, a programmable integrated circuit, a programmable gate array, a digital signal processor (DSP), or other control or computing device. In some embodiments, the one or more storage media 150 may be implemented as one or more non-transitory computer-readable or machine-readable storage media. In some embodiments, the one or more storage media 150 may include one or more different forms of memory, including semiconductor memory devices, such as dynamic or static random access memory (DRAM or SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and flash memory; disks, such as fixed disks, floppy disks, and removable disks; other magnetic media including tapes; optical media, such as compact disks (CDs) or digital video disks (DVDs), or other types of storage devices. Note that the processor-executable instructions and associated data of the analysis module 144 may be provided on one computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium of the storage medium 150, or alternatively, may be provided on multiple computer-readable or machine-readable storage media distributed in a large system that may have multiple nodes. Such computer-readable or machine-readable storage media are considered part of an article of manufacture, which may refer to any manufactured single component or multiple components. In some embodiments, the one or more storage media 150 may be located in a machine that runs machine-readable instructions, or may be located at a remote site from which machine-readable instructions may be downloaded over a network for execution.

[0056] In certain embodiments, the processor 148 may be connected to the communication circuitry 152 of the sensors 110, 112 (or devices 118, 120 including or directly associated with the respective sensors 110, 112) to allow the sensors 110, 112 to communicate (e.g., wirelessly or by wire) with the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 for the purpose of enabling the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 to monitor and / or control the operation of the oil and gas production systems 32, 34, as described in greater detail herein. It should be understood that, due at least in part to the variety of different communication protocols that may be employed by the communication circuitry 152 for collecting data for a particular oil and gas production system 32, in certain embodiments, the sensors 110, 112 (or devices 118, 120 including or directly associated with the respective sensors 110, 112) and the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 may both be configured to convert data transmitted and / or received from the other from one communication format to another communication format to facilitate data communication between the two. In fact, in some embodiments, converting data into a suitable communication format can also help to further reduce network bandwidth usage, as long as one or both of the communication formats can implement data encryption / decryption and / or data compression to facilitate data communication via different communication protocols.

[0057] Thus, the embodiments described herein enable continuous monitoring of completion activities of an oil and gas production system 32 via sensors 110, 112 so that sustainability impact metrics 142 associated with the completion activities can be provided in real time in a manner that has heretofore not been possible. In particular, the embodiments described herein include an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 that is configured to receive data associated with completion activities from sensors 110, 112 as efficiently as possible (e.g., by minimizing the frequency of data transmissions to some extent) while still providing substantially real-time (and up-to-date) sustainability impact metrics 142 during the performance of the completion activities (e.g., as updated data becomes available), as described in greater detail herein.

[0058] FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a method 154 for using the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 described herein. As shown, in certain embodiments, the method 154 includes detecting, via one or more sensors 110, 112 of the oil and gas production system 32, operational data associated with one or more completion activities of the oil and gas production system 32 (block 156). Further, in certain embodiments, the method 154 includes automatically calculating, via the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60, one or more sustainability impact metrics 142 associated with completion activities of the oil and gas production system 32 (block 158), based at least in part on the operational data detected by the one or more sensors 110, 112 and / or one or more manual inputs associated with equipment specifications of the equipment 118, 120 of the oil and gas production system 32. Further, in certain embodiments, the method 154 includes automatically calculating, via the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60, one or more sustainability impact metrics 142 associated with completion activities of the oil and gas production system 32, based at least in part on historical data, statistical data, and / or manual inputs (e.g., equipment specifications, operating hours, etc.), such as in the case of missing inputs, erroneous data, etc. Indeed, in some embodiments, the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 can be configured to determine when data collected via sensors 110 , 112 is missing and / or erroneous, and can then determine such historical data, statistics, and / or manual inputs that should instead be used to calculate the sustainability impact metric 142 .

[0059] Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the method 154 includes automatically calculating, via the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60, in substantially real time, one or more sustainability impact metrics 142 associated with completion activities of the oil and gas production system 32 during performance of the completion activities. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the method 154 includes automatically calculating, via the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60, one or more sustainability impact metrics 142 associated with completion activities of the oil and gas production system 32 based, at least in part, on a machine learning algorithm trained based on historical data. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the method 154 includes automatically determining, via the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60, one or more recommendations to improve certain environmental impacts of the oil and gas production system 32 based, at least in part, on the sustainability impact metrics 142 determined by the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the method 154 includes automatically adjusting, via the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60, one or more operating parameters of the equipment 118, 120 of the oil and gas production system 32 based, at least in part, on the one or more sustainability impact metrics 142. It should be understood that in other embodiments, one or more operating parameters of the equipment 118, 120 of the oil and gas production system 32 can be manually controlled, for example by an operator of the oil and gas production system 32 based at least in part on recommendations generated by the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60, as described in more detail herein.

[0060] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the method 154 includes receiving the operational data from the communication circuit 152 associated with the one or more sensors 110, 112 via the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60 using at least two different communication protocols. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the method 154 includes determining, via the processing circuit 148 of the one or more sensors 110, 112, the timing of transmitting the operational data to the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system 60.

[0061] In certain embodiments, one or more completion activities include water management activities 132. Additionally, in certain embodiments, one or more completion activities include chemical management activities 134. Additionally, in certain embodiments, one or more completion activities include sand management activities 136.

[0062] In some embodiments, one or more sensors 110, 112 are associated with one or more pipelines 36, 38 or trucks that transport consumable materials to the oil and gas production system 32. In addition, in some embodiments, one or more sensors 110 are associated with surface equipment 118 that performs at least a portion of one or more completion activities of the oil and gas production system 32. In addition, in some embodiments, one or more sensors 112 are associated with downhole equipment 120 that performs at least a portion of one or more completion activities of the oil and gas production system 32.

[0063] In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, a method includes detecting, via one or more sensors of an oil and gas production system, operational data associated with one or more completion activities of the oil and gas production system. The method also includes automatically calculating, via an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system, one or more sustainability impact metrics associated with completion activities of the oil and gas production system based, at least in part, on the operational data detected by the one or more sensors and / or one or more manual inputs associated with equipment specifications of equipment of the oil and gas production system.

[0064] In some embodiments, the method further comprises automatically calculating, via the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system, in substantially real time during performance of the completion activities, one or more sustainability impact metrics associated with the completion activities of the oil and gas production system. In some embodiments, the method further comprises automatically calculating, via the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system, one or more sustainability impact metrics associated with the completion activities of the oil and gas production system based, at least in part, on a machine learning algorithm trained on historical data.

[0065] In some embodiments, the method further includes determining, via an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system, one or more recommendations to improve environmental impacts associated with completion activities of the oil and gas production system based at least in part on one or more sustainability impact metrics. In some embodiments, the method further includes adjusting, via an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system, one or more operating parameters of equipment of the oil and gas production system based at least in part on one or more sustainability impact metrics. In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving, via an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system, operating data from a communication circuit associated with one or more sensors using at least two different communication protocols. In some embodiments, the method further includes determining, via a processing circuit associated with one or more sensors, the timing of transmitting the operating data to the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system.

[0066] In some embodiments, one or more completion activities include water management activities. In some embodiments, one or more completion activities include chemical management activities. In some embodiments, one or more completion activities include sand management activities.

[0067] In some embodiments, one or more sensors are associated with one or more pipelines or trucks that transport consumable materials to the oil and gas production system. In some embodiments, one or more sensors are associated with surface equipment that performs at least a portion of one or more completion activities for the oil and gas production system. In some embodiments, one or more sensors are associated with downhole equipment that performs at least a portion of one or more completion activities for the oil and gas production system.

[0068] In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, a system includes one or more sensors of an oil and gas production system and an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system. The sensors are configured to detect operational data related to one or more completion activities of the oil and gas production system. The environmental impact modeling and monitoring system is configured to automatically calculate one or more sustainability impact metrics related to completion activities of the oil and gas production system based at least in part on the operational data detected by the one or more sensors and / or one or more manual inputs related to equipment specifications of equipment of the oil and gas production system.

[0069] In some embodiments, the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system is configured to automatically calculate one or more sustainability impact metrics associated with completion activities of the oil and gas production system in substantially real time during performance of the completion activities. In some embodiments, the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system is configured to automatically calculate one or more sustainability impact metrics associated with completion activities of the oil and gas production system based at least in part on a machine learning algorithm trained based on historical data.

[0070] In some embodiments, the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system is configured to automatically determine one or more recommendations to improve environmental impacts associated with completion activities of an oil and gas production system based at least in part on one or more sustainability impact metrics. In some embodiments, the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system is configured to adjust one or more operating parameters of equipment of the oil and gas production system based at least in part on one or more sustainability impact metrics. In some embodiments, the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system is configured to receive operational data from communication circuits associated with one or more sensors using at least two different communication protocols. In some embodiments, processing circuits associated with one or more sensors are configured to determine the timing of transmitting the operational data to the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system.

[0071] The specific embodiments described above have been described by way of example, and it should be understood that these embodiments may have various modifications and alternative forms. It should also be understood that the claims are not intended to be limited to the specific forms disclosed, but to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives that fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method comprising: detecting, via one or more sensors of the oil and gas production system, operational data related to one or more completion activities of the oil and gas production system; and One or more sustainability impact metrics associated with completion activities of the oil and gas production system are automatically calculated via an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system based at least in part on operational data detected by one or more sensors and / or one or more manual inputs related to equipment specifications of equipment of the oil and gas production system.

2. The method of claim 1, comprising automatically calculating, via an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system, substantially in real time, one or more sustainability impact metrics associated with completion activities of an oil and gas production system during performance of the completion activities.

3. The method according to claim 1 includes automatically calculating one or more sustainability impact metrics related to completion activities of the oil and gas production system via the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system based at least in part on a machine learning algorithm trained based on historical data.

4. The method of claim 1 , comprising automatically determining, via an environmental impact modeling and monitoring system, one or more recommendations to improve environmental impacts associated with completion activities of an oil and gas production system based at least in part on one or more sustainability impact metrics.

5. The method of claim 1, comprising adjusting one or more operating parameters of equipment of the oil and gas production system via the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system based at least in part on one or more sustainability impact metrics.

6. The method of claim 1, comprising receiving, via the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system, the operational data from communication circuitry associated with one or more sensors using at least two different communication protocols.

7. The method of claim 6, comprising determining, via processing circuitry associated with one or more sensors, a timing for transmitting operational data to the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more completion activities include water management activities.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more completion activities include a chemical management activity.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more completion activities include a sand management activity.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more sensors are associated with one or more pipelines or trucks that deliver consumable materials to the oil and gas production system.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more sensors are associated with surface equipment that performs at least a portion of one or more completion activities of the oil and gas production system.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more sensors are associated with downhole equipment that performs at least a portion of one or more completion activities of the oil and gas production system.

14. A system comprising: One or more sensors of an oil and gas production system, wherein the one or more sensors are configured to detect operational data related to one or more completion activities of the oil and gas production system; and An environmental impact modeling and monitoring system is configured to automatically calculate one or more sustainability impact metrics associated with completion activities of an oil and gas production system based at least in part on operational data detected by one or more sensors and / or one or more manual inputs related to equipment specifications of equipment of the oil and gas production system.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system is configured to automatically calculate one or more sustainability impact metrics associated with completion activities of the oil and gas production system in substantially real time during performance of the completion activities.

16. The system of claim 14, wherein the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system is configured to automatically calculate one or more sustainability impact metrics associated with completion activities of the oil and gas production system based at least in part on a machine learning algorithm trained on historical data.

17. A system according to claim 14, wherein the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system is configured to automatically determine one or more recommendations to improve environmental impacts associated with completion activities of the oil and gas production system based at least in part on one or more sustainability impact metrics.

18. The system of claim 14, wherein the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system is configured to adjust one or more operating parameters of equipment of the oil and gas production system based at least in part on one or more sustainability impact metrics.

19. The system of claim 14, wherein the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system is configured to receive the operational data from communication circuitry associated with one or more sensors using at least two different communication protocols.

20. The system of claim 14, wherein processing circuitry associated with one or more sensors is configured to determine a timing for transmitting operational data to the environmental impact modeling and monitoring system.

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