Dual-polarized antenna and electronic device

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a dual-polarized antenna and an electronic device, and belongs to the technical field of communication. The dual-polarized antenna comprises a radiation structure, a first feed line, a second feed line, a first phase shift structure, a second phase shift structure and a third phase shift structure. The first phase shift structure is electrically connected with the radiation structure through the first feed line, the second phase shift structure is electrically connected with the radiation structure through the second feed line, and the feeding directions of the first feed line and the second feed line are different. The first phase shift structure and the second phase shift structure are also electrically connected with the third phase shift structure. The first phase shift structure and the second phase shift structure are located in different layers from the third phase shift structure, and the maximum phase shift degrees of the first phase shift structure and the second phase shift structure are both less than the maximum phase shift degree of the third phase shift structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of communication technology, specifically relating to a dual-polarized antenna and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] A phase shifter, as a crucial component of an antenna, can be viewed as a delay line. By replacing the traditional solid substrate with a tunable dielectric material, a phase-variable phase shifter can be obtained. Liquid crystal is used here as a tunable dielectric material. A liquid crystal phase shifter is a type of phase-variable phase shifter. By applying voltages to the upper and lower substrates of the liquid crystal phase shifter to create overlapping capacitance, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material is changed, thereby altering the phase constant of the electromagnetic wave on the device. This ultimately achieves the effect of adjusting the phase shift, thus enabling the wavenumber scanning function of the antenna device.

[0003] In fields such as satellite communication, antennas with two polarizations are often required. When existing liquid crystal antennas achieve dual polarization, two corresponding 360° phase shifters need to be designed under the same antenna. At this time, due to the limited design space and the mutual coupling between the phase shifters, it is difficult to realize the arrangement of the two phase shifters. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a dual-polarized antenna and electronic device.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a dual-polarized antenna, which includes: a radiating structure, a first feed line, a second feed line, a first phase-shifting structure, a second phase-shifting structure, and a third phase-shifting structure;

[0006] The first phase-shifting structure is electrically connected to the radiating structure through the first feed line, and the second phase-shifting structure is electrically connected to the radiating structure through the second feed line, and the feeding directions of the first feed line and the second feed line are different;

[0007] The first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are both electrically connected to the third phase-shifting structure; the first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are located on different layers from the third phase-shifting structure, and the maximum phase shift degree of both is less than the maximum phase shift degree of the third phase-shifting structure.

[0008] The third phase-shifting structure includes a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, a first tunable dielectric layer located between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, a first electrode layer located on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the first tunable dielectric layer, and a second electrode layer located on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the first tunable dielectric layer.

[0009] Both the first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are located on the side of the second dielectric substrate opposite to the first dielectric substrate.

[0010] The first phase-shifting structure is a fixed-phase phase shifter, and the second phase-shifting structure is a phase-adjustable phase shifter.

[0011] The second phase-shifting structure includes a third dielectric substrate and a fourth dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, a second adjustable dielectric layer disposed between the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, a third electrode layer disposed on the side of the third dielectric substrate near the fourth dielectric substrate, and a fourth electrode layer disposed on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate near the third dielectric substrate.

[0012] The third phase-shifting structure is located on the side of the third dielectric substrate opposite to the fourth dielectric substrate.

[0013] The positional relationship between the second phase-shifting structure and the first phase-shifting structure includes any one of the following:

[0014] The second phase-shifting structure is located between the third dielectric substrate of the first phase-shifting structure and the third phase-shifting structure;

[0015] The second phase-shifting structure is located on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate of the first phase-shifting structure that is away from the third dielectric substrate;

[0016] The second phase-shifting structure is disposed in the same layer as the third electrode of the first phase-shifting structure;

[0017] The second phase-shifting structure is disposed in the same layer as the fourth electrode of the first phase-shifting structure.

[0018] The first phase-shifting structure is a phase delay line.

[0019] The phase delay line is disposed on the same layer as the first feed line.

[0020] The maximum phase shift of the third phase shifter is 360°, the phase shift of the first phase shifter is 90°, and the maximum phase shift of the second phase shifter is 180°.

[0021] Both the first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are fixed-phase phase shifters, and the phase shift degrees of the first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are different.

[0022] The third phase-shifting structure, the first phase-shifting structure, and the second phase-shifting structure are stacked sequentially; or, the third phase-shifting structure, the second phase-shifting structure, and the first phase-shifting structure are stacked sequentially.

[0023] The maximum phase shift of the third phase shifter is 360°, the phase shift of the first phase shifter is 90°, and the phase shift of the second phase shifter is 180°.

[0024] Both the first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are fixed-phase phase shifters.

[0025] The first phase-shifting structure includes a fifth dielectric substrate and a sixth dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, a third adjustable dielectric layer disposed between the fifth dielectric substrate and the sixth dielectric substrate, a fifth electrode layer disposed on the side of the fifth dielectric substrate near the sixth dielectric substrate, and a sixth electrode layer disposed on the side of the sixth dielectric substrate near the fifth dielectric substrate.

[0026] The second phase-shifting structure includes a third dielectric substrate and a fourth dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, a second adjustable dielectric layer disposed between the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, a third electrode layer disposed on the side of the third dielectric substrate near the fourth dielectric substrate, and a fourth electrode layer disposed on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate near the third dielectric substrate.

[0027] The third dielectric substrate and the fifth dielectric substrate are integrally structured, the fourth dielectric substrate and the sixth dielectric substrate are integrally structured, and the second tunable dielectric and the third tunable dielectric layer are integrally structured; the third electrode layer and the fifth electrode layer are disposed on the same layer, and the fourth electrode layer and the sixth electrode layer are disposed on the same layer.

[0028] The third phase-shifting structure is located on the side of the third dielectric substrate opposite to the fourth dielectric substrate.

[0029] The first phase-shifting structure includes a fifth dielectric substrate and a sixth dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, a third adjustable dielectric layer disposed between the fifth dielectric substrate and the sixth dielectric substrate, a fifth electrode layer disposed on the side of the fifth dielectric substrate near the sixth dielectric substrate, and a sixth electrode layer disposed on the side of the sixth dielectric substrate near the fifth dielectric substrate.

[0030] The second phase-shifting structure includes a third dielectric substrate and a fourth dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, a second adjustable dielectric layer disposed between the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, a third electrode layer disposed on the side of the third dielectric substrate near the fourth dielectric substrate, and a fourth electrode layer disposed on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate near the third dielectric substrate.

[0031] The fifth dielectric substrate is located on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate opposite to the third dielectric substrate, and the third phase-shifting structure is located on the side of the third dielectric substrate opposite to the fourth dielectric substrate; or, the third dielectric substrate is located on the side of the sixth dielectric substrate opposite to the fifth dielectric substrate, and the third phase-shifting structure is located on the side of the fifth dielectric substrate opposite to the sixth dielectric substrate.

[0032] The maximum phase shift of the third phase shifter is 360°, the maximum phase shift of the first phase shifter is 90°, and the maximum phase shift of the second phase shifter is 90°.

[0033] The dual-polarized antenna further includes a feeding structure, which is electrically connected to the first phase-shifting structure.

[0034] The radiating structure is a radiating patch.

[0035] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure also provide an electronic device that includes any of the dual-polarized antennas described above. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the third phase-shifting structure in a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a first cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a second cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a third cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a fourth cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0044] Figure 9 This is a first cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0045] Figure 10 This is a second cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0046] Figure 11 This is a third cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0047] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0048] Figure 13 This is a first cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0049] Figure 14 This is a second cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0050] Figure 15 This is a third cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0051] Figure 16 This is a fourth cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0053] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an,” “a,” or “the,” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “including,” “comprising,” or “containing,” and similar terms mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms “connected,” “linked,” or similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right,” etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described objects changes.

[0054] Firstly, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown... Figure 1As shown, this embodiment of the present disclosure provides a dual-polarized antenna, which includes a radiating structure 4, a first feed line 51, a second feed line 52, a first phase-shifting structure 2, a second phase-shifting structure 3, and a third phase-shifting structure 1. The first phase-shifting structure 2 is electrically connected to the radiating structure 4 through the first feed line 51, and the second phase-shifting structure 3 is electrically connected to the radiating structure 4 through the second feed line 52. The first feed structure 6 and the second feed structure 6 are also connected to the third phase-shifting structure 1. In this embodiment, the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are located on different layers from the third phase-shifting structure 1, and the maximum phase shift of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 is less than the maximum phase shift of the third phase-shifting structure 1.

[0055] It should be noted that the dual-polarized antenna in this embodiment includes not only the structure described above, but also a feeding structure 6, which is electrically connected to the third phase-shifting structure 1. This dual-polarized antenna can be a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna, and of course, it can also be a transceiver antenna.

[0056] When the dual-polarized antenna transmits electromagnetic waves, the feeding structure 6 feeds the electromagnetic waves into the third phase-shifting structure 1. The third phase-shifting structure 1 shifts the phase of the microwave signal, and the phase-shifted microwave signal is fed into the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3. The first phase-shifting structure 2 feeds the electromagnetic waves into the radiating structure 4 through the first feed line 51, and the second phase-shifting structure 3 feeds the electromagnetic waves into the radiating structure 4 through the second feed line 52. Since the feeding directions of the first feed line 51 and the second feed line 52 are different, the synthesis of electromagnetic waves with two linear polarization directions can be achieved. At the same time, the waveform of the synthesized electromagnetic wave can be switched by controlling the phase shift degree of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3.

[0057] When the dual-polarized antenna receives electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic waves received by the radiating structure 4 are decomposed into two linearly polarized electromagnetic waves. One wave is transmitted to the first phase-shifting structure 2 via the first feed line 51, and the other wave is transmitted to the second phase-shifting structure 3 via the second feed line 52. The electromagnetic waves transmitted by the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are then combined, phase-shifted by the third phase-shifting unit, and transmitted to the feeding structure 6. Simultaneously, the waveform of the combined electromagnetic wave can be switched by controlling the phase shift degree of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3.

[0058] In this embodiment, the third phase-shifting structure 1 is a phase-adjustable phase shifter with a maximum phase shift of 360°, while the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 can be either phase-adjustable or fixed-phase phase shifters. For example, when the dual-polarized antenna is working, the phase shift of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 can be controlled to differ by 90°. That is, the electromagnetic wave after phase shifting by the first phase-shifting structure 2 is 90° ahead or behind the electromagnetic wave after phase shifting by the second phase-shifting structure 3. At this time, the two linearly polarized waves combine to form circular polarization, thereby achieving adjustable polarization direction of circular polarization.

[0059] In this embodiment, since the maximum phase shift of the first phase shift structure 2 and the second phase shift structure 3 is smaller than the phase shift of the third phase shift structure 1, that is, the size of the first phase shift structure 2 and the second phase shift structure 3 is smaller than the size of the third phase shift structure 1, the space occupied by the first phase shift structure 2 and the second phase shift structure 3 is also relatively small, which facilitates the implementation of dual-polarized antenna.

[0060] In some examples, Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the third phase-shifting structure 1 in the dual-polarized antenna of this disclosure embodiment; as shown Figure 2 As shown, the third phase-shifting structure 1 includes a first dielectric substrate 11 and a second dielectric substrate 12 disposed opposite to each other, a first tunable dielectric layer 13 disposed between the first dielectric substrate 11 and the second dielectric substrate 12, a first electrode layer 14 disposed on the first dielectric substrate 11 near the first tunable dielectric layer 13, and a second electrode layer 15 disposed on the second dielectric substrate 12 near the first tunable dielectric layer 13. The first tunable dielectric layer is located at least in the overlapping region of the orthographic projections of the first electrode layer 14 and the second electrode layer 15 onto the first dielectric substrate 11. Thus, when a bias voltage is applied to the first electrode layer 14 and the second electrode layer 15, creating an electric field between them, the dielectric constant of the first tunable dielectric layer will change, thereby achieving phase adjustment of the electromagnetic wave signal. The first phase-shifting structure 2, the second phase-shifting structure 3, and the radiation structure 4 can all be disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 opposite to the first dielectric substrate 11.

[0061] Specifically, the third phase-shifting structure 1 can be a liquid crystal phase shifter, meaning the first tunable dielectric layer 13 is composed of liquid crystal molecules. However, the first tunable dielectric layer 13 in this embodiment is not limited to being composed of liquid crystal molecules; any material whose dielectric constant can change under the influence of an electric field can be used as the material for the first tunable dielectric layer 13 in this embodiment.

[0062] The first electrode layer 14 may include signal electrodes, and the second electrode layer 15 may include multiple patch electrodes arranged side-by-side along the extension direction of the signal electrodes, with each patch electrode overlapping the orthographic projection of the signal electrode onto the first dielectric substrate 11. In this configuration, the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are combined and electrically connected to one end of the signal electrode, while the other end of the signal electrode is electrically connected to the feed structure 6. It should be noted that the first electrode layer 14 being a signal electrode and the second electrode layer 15 being a patch electrode is merely an exemplary structure. In actual products, the first electrode layer 14 can also be any transmission line structure such as a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line, which will not be listed here.

[0063] In the embodiments of this disclosure, the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 can be arranged in the same layer or in layers stacked together. The following description, using several specific examples, illustrates the dual-polarized antenna of this disclosure. It should also be noted that the following example only uses circular polarization in the dual-polarized antenna; however, the dual-polarized antenna of this disclosure is not limited to circular polarization. It should be understood that by controlling the phase shift degree of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3, other directional designs can also be achieved.

[0064] First example: Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-polarized antenna according to a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 4 This is a first cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown... Figure 3 and 4 As shown, in this example, both the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are stacked with the third phase-shifting structure 1, and the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are arranged in the same layer. The feed structure 6 is located on the side of the third phase-shifting structure 1 away from the first phase-shifting structure 2 / second phase-shifting structure 3. The first phase-shifting structure 2 is a fixed-phase phase shifter, and the second phase-shifting structure 3 is a phase-adjustable phase shifter. For example, the first phase-shifting structure 2 is a 90° fixed-phase phase shifter, and the maximum phase shift of the second phase-shifting structure 3 is 180°. Specifically, the second phase-shifting structure 3 is a 0° / 180° phase-adjustable phase shifter. In this case, the polarization of circular polarization can be adjusted by controlling the phase of the second phase-shifting structure 3 to 0° or 180°, that is, to achieve left-hand circular polarization or right-hand circular polarization.

[0065] It should be noted that the so-called co-layer arrangement of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 means that some of the film layers of the two are arranged in the same layer or that each film layer is arranged in the same layer.

[0066] Specifically, the second phase-shifting structure 3 may include a third dielectric substrate 31 and a fourth dielectric substrate 32 disposed opposite to each other, a second tunable dielectric layer 33 disposed between the third dielectric substrate 31 and the fourth dielectric substrate 32, a third electrode layer 34 disposed on the third dielectric substrate 31 near the second tunable dielectric layer 33, and a fourth electrode layer 35 disposed on the fourth dielectric substrate 32 near the second tunable dielectric layer 33. The second tunable dielectric layer 33 is located at least in the overlapping region of the orthographic projections of the third electrode layer 34 and the fourth electrode layer 35 onto the third dielectric substrate 31. Thus, when a bias voltage is applied to the third electrode layer 34 and the fourth electrode layer 35, creating an electric field between them, the dielectric constant of the second tunable dielectric layer 33 will change, thereby achieving phase adjustment of the electromagnetic wave signal.

[0067] Specifically, the second phase-shifting structure 3 can be a liquid crystal phase shifter, meaning the second tunable dielectric layer 33 is composed of liquid crystal molecules. Of course, the material of the second tunable dielectric layer 33 is not limited to liquid crystal molecules; any material whose dielectric constant can change under the influence of an electric field can be used as the material of the second tunable dielectric layer 33 in this embodiment.

[0068] The third electrode layer 34 may have the same structure as the first electrode layer 14, that is, the third electrode layer 34 may include signal electrodes. The fourth electrode layer 35 may have the same structure as the second electrode layer 15, that is, the fourth electrode layer 35 may include a plurality of patch electrodes arranged side by side along the extension direction of the signal electrodes, and each patch electrode overlaps with the orthographic projection of the signal electrode on the first dielectric substrate 11.

[0069] Furthermore, the first phase-shifting structure 2 can specifically be a delay line 21, which can be disposed on the third dielectric or on the fourth dielectric substrate 32. For example, the delay line is disposed on the third dielectric substrate 31 and is disposed on the same layer as the third electrode layer 34. When the third electrode layer 34 is used as a signal electrode, one end of the delay line 21 is connected to the first feed line 51, and the other end is directly connected to the signal electrode used as the third electrode layer 34. In this way, the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are combined, and the combined first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are also electrically connected to the third phase-shifting structure 1.

[0070] Furthermore, when the third phase-shifting structure 1 adopts the liquid crystal phase shifter described above, the third dielectric substrate 31 of the second phase-shifting structure 3 is located on the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 away from the first dielectric substrate 11. The signal electrode of the second phase-shifting structure 3 is connected to the delay line 21 of the first phase-shifting structure 2. At this time, the connection position of the two can be coupled to the signal electrode of the third phase-shifting structure 1, or a transition structure 71 can be provided between the third dielectric substrate 31 and the second dielectric substrate 12. At this time, the signal electrode of the second phase-shifting structure 3 is connected to the delay line 21 of the first phase-shifting structure 2, and then connected to the transition structure 71 through a through-hole penetrating the third dielectric substrate 31. The transition structure 71 is then connected to the signal electrode of the third phase-shifting structure 1 through a through-hole penetrating the second dielectric substrate 12.

[0071] in, Figure 5 This is a second cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown... Figure 5 As shown, the transition structure 71 can be formed as a transition electrode between the second dielectric substrate 12 and the third dielectric substrate 31. Of course, the transition structure 71 can also be formed on the transition substrate 70, and the transition substrate 70 is also formed between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate 31.

[0072] In some examples, Figure 6 This is a third cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown... Figure 6 As shown, in this example, the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 can also be arranged in layers. The first phase-shifting structure 2 can be closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the second phase-shifting structure 3, or the second phase-shifting structure 3 can be closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the first phase-shifting structure 2. Figure 6 Taking the example where the first phase-shifting structure 2 is closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the second phase-shifting structure 3, the delay line of the first phase-shifting structure 2 can be set between the second dielectric substrate 12 and the third dielectric substrate 31. Of course, the delay line 21 of the first phase-shifting structure 2 can also be set on a separate dielectric substrate.

[0073] In this example, Figure 7 This is a fourth cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown... Figure 7 As shown, the second dielectric substrate 12 of the third phase shifting structure 1 can be reused as the third dielectric substrate 31 of the second phase shifting structure 3. In this case, the second phase shifting structure 3 and the third phase shifting structure 1 only require three dielectric substrates, which helps to achieve the thinning of the antenna.

[0074] In this example, the radiating structure 4 can be a radiating patch, which can be disposed on the third dielectric substrate 31 and / or the fourth dielectric substrate 32. For example, the radiating patch is disposed on the third dielectric substrate 31, and the first feed line 51 and the second feed line 52 are also disposed on the third dielectric substrate 31. Simultaneously, the radiating patch, the first feed line 51, the second feed line 52, the delay line 21 of the first phase-shifting structure 2, and the signal electrodes of the second phase-shifting structure 3 are disposed on the same layer. In this way, the delay line 21 of the first phase-shifting structure 2 is connected to the first feed line 51, the first feed line 51 is connected to the radiating patch, the signal electrodes of the second phase-shifting structure 3 are connected to the second feed line 52, and the second feed line 52 is connected to the radiating patch. This arrangement helps to achieve a thinner and lighter antenna. As another example, the radiating patch, the first feed line 51, and the second feed line 52 are all disposed on the fourth dielectric substrate 32. The first feed line 51 is coupled to the delay line 21 of the first phase-shifting structure 2, and the second feed line 52 is coupled to the signal electrodes of the second phase-shifting structure 3. The radiating patch, the first feed line 51, and the second feed line 52 can all be disposed on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate 32 close to the second tunable dielectric layer 33 or on the side far away from the second tunable dielectric layer 33.

[0075] Second example: Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-polarized antenna according to a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown... Figure 8 As shown, this example is structurally similar to the first example, except that the second phase-shifting structure 3 is a fixed-phase phase shifter, the first phase-shifting structure 2 is a 90° fixed-phase phase shifter, and the second phase-shifting structure 3 is a 180° fixed-phase phase shifter. The dual-polarized antenna in this example can achieve circular polarization, but it cannot achieve adjustable circular polarization.

[0076] In this example, Figure 9 This is a first cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown... Figure 9As shown, both the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 can employ delay lines. When the third phase-shifting structure 1 employs the aforementioned liquid crystal phase shifter, the delay lines 21 of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and 36 of the second phase-shifting structure 3 can be disposed on the second dielectric substrate 12, for example, on the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 11. Alternatively, the delay lines of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 can also be formed on the third dielectric substrate 31, which is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 11. In other words, the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are disposed on the same layer. In this case, the radiating structure 4, the first feed line 51, and the second feed line 52 can be disposed on the same layer as the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3. The radiating structure 4 can be connected to the first phase-shifting structure 2 via the first feed line 51 and to the second phase-shifting structure 3 via the second feed line 52. This structure helps to achieve a thinner and lighter antenna. It should be understood that the radiating structure 4, the first feed line 51, and the second feed line 52 can also be disposed on the side of the first phase shifting structure 2 away from the third phase shifting structure 1. For example, the radiating structure 4, the first feed line 51, and the second feed line 52 can be disposed on a separate dielectric substrate, and then the dielectric substrate can be disposed on the side of the first phase shifting structure 2 away from the third dielectric substrate 31. This arrangement enables the antenna to be miniaturized.

[0077] Furthermore, the above structure is only an example of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 being configured in the same layer. Figure 10 This is a second cross-section of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown... Figure 10 As shown, in some examples, the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 can also be stacked, that is, the delay line 21 of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the delay line 36 of the second phase-shifting structure 3 are respectively formed on separate dielectric substrates. Then, the dielectric substrate 20 with the delay line 21 is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 away from the first dielectric substrate 11, and the dielectric substrate 30 with the delay line 36 is disposed on the side of the delay line 21 away from the dielectric substrate 20. It should be noted that in the embodiments of this disclosure, the first phase-shifting structure 2 may be closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the second phase-shifting structure 3, or the second phase-shifting structure 3 may be closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the first phase-shifting structure 2. In the accompanying drawings, only the example of the first phase-shifting structure 2 being closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the second phase-shifting structure 3 is used, but this does not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0078] Figure 11 This is a third cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown... Figure 11 As shown, the third dielectric substrate 31 with delay lines 21 / 36 can be reused with the second dielectric substrate 12, which helps to achieve a thinner and lighter antenna.

[0079] The remaining structures in this example can all use the same structure as the first example, so they will not be repeated here.

[0080] Third example: Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-polarized antenna according to a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 12 As shown in the example, both the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 employ phase-adjustable phase shifters. For example, the maximum phase shift of both the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 is 90°. Specifically, both the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are 0° / 90° phase-adjustable phase shifters. In this case, by controlling the phase of the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3, the dual-polarized antenna can switch between left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, and linear polarization. The remaining structures in this example can all use the same structures as in the first example.

[0081] Specifically, Figure 13 This is a first cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown... Figure 13 As shown, the second phase-shifting structure 3 can be the same as the structure described above, that is, it can include a third dielectric substrate 31 and a fourth dielectric substrate 32 disposed opposite to each other, a second tunable dielectric layer 33 disposed between the third dielectric substrate 31 and the fourth dielectric substrate 32, a third electrode layer 34 disposed on the side of the third dielectric substrate 31 near the second tunable dielectric layer 33, and a fourth electrode layer 35 disposed on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate 32 near the second tunable dielectric layer 33. The second tunable dielectric layer 33 is located at least in the overlapping region of the orthographic projections of the third electrode layer 34 and the fourth electrode layer 35 onto the third dielectric substrate 31. In this way, when a bias voltage is applied to the third electrode layer 34 and the fourth electrode layer 35, forming an electric field between them, the dielectric constant of the second tunable dielectric layer 33 will change, thereby achieving phase adjustment of the electromagnetic wave signal.

[0082] Furthermore, the second phase-shifting structure 3 is a liquid crystal phase shifter, that is, the second tunable dielectric layer 33 is composed of liquid crystal molecules. Of course, the material of the second tunable dielectric layer 33 is not limited to liquid crystal molecules; any material whose dielectric constant can change under the action of an electric field can be used as the material of the second tunable dielectric layer 33 in this embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0083] Continue to refer to Figure 13The first phase-shifting structure 2 may include a fifth dielectric substrate 22 and a sixth dielectric substrate 23 disposed opposite to each other, a third tunable dielectric layer 24 disposed between the fifth dielectric substrate 22 and the sixth dielectric substrate 23, a fifth electrode layer 25 disposed on the fifth dielectric substrate 22 near the third tunable dielectric layer 24, and a sixth electrode layer 26 disposed on the sixth dielectric substrate 23 near the third tunable dielectric layer 24. The third tunable dielectric layer 24 is located at least in the overlapping region of the orthographic projections of the fifth electrode layer 25 and the sixth electrode layer 26 onto the fifth dielectric substrate 22. Thus, when a bias voltage is applied to the fifth electrode layer 25 and the sixth electrode layer 26, creating an electric field between them, the dielectric constant of the third tunable dielectric layer 24 will change, thereby achieving phase adjustment of the electromagnetic wave signal.

[0084] Furthermore, the third phase-shifting structure 1 is a liquid crystal phase shifter, that is, the third tunable dielectric layer 24 is composed of liquid crystal molecules. Of course, the material of the third tunable dielectric layer 24 is not limited to liquid crystal molecules; any material whose dielectric constant can change under the action of an electric field can be used as the material of the third tunable dielectric layer 24 in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0085] In some examples, such as Figure 13 As shown, the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are disposed on the same layer. In this case, the third dielectric substrate 31 and the fifth dielectric substrate 22 can be an integral structure, the fourth dielectric substrate 32 and the sixth dielectric substrate 23 can be an integral structure, and the second tunable dielectric layer 33 and the third tunable dielectric layer 24 can be an integral structure. The third electrode layer 34 and the fifth electrode layer 25 are disposed on the same layer, and the fourth electrode layer 35 and the sixth electrode layer 26 are disposed on the same layer. The second dielectric substrate 12 of the third phase-shifting structure 1 is located on the side of the third dielectric substrate 31 opposite to the fourth dielectric substrate 32. This arrangement helps to achieve a thinner and lighter antenna.

[0086] Furthermore, such as Figure 14 As shown, the second dielectric substrate 12 of the third phase-shifting structure 1 can be reused as the fifth dielectric substrate 22 of the first phase-shifting structure 2 / the third dielectric substrate 31 of the second phase-shifting structure 3. In this way, the antenna can be further made thinner and lighter.

[0087] In some examples, Figure 15 This is a third cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown... Figure 15As shown, the first phase-shifting structure 2 and the second phase-shifting structure 3 are stacked. When the first phase-shifting structure 2 is closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the second phase-shifting structure 3, the fifth dielectric substrate 22 of the first phase-shifting structure 2 is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 of the third phase-shifting structure 1 that is away from the first dielectric substrate 11, and the third dielectric substrate 31 of the second phase-shifting structure 3 is disposed on the side of the sixth dielectric substrate 23 of the first phase-shifting structure 2 that is away from the fifth dielectric substrate 22. This arrangement helps to achieve antenna miniaturization. Similarly, when the second phase-shifting structure 3 is closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the first phase-shifting structure 2, the third dielectric substrate 31 of the second phase-shifting structure 3 is located on the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 of the third phase-shifting structure 1 that is away from the first dielectric substrate 11, and the fifth dielectric substrate 22 of the first phase-shifting structure 2 is disposed on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate 32 of the second phase-shifting structure 3 that is away from the third dielectric substrate 31.

[0088] Furthermore, Figure 16 This is a fourth cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized antenna, representing a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown... Figure 16 As shown, when the first phase-shifting structure 2 is closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the second phase-shifting structure 3, the second dielectric substrate 12 of the third phase-shifting structure 1 is reused as the fifth dielectric substrate 22 of the first phase-shifting structure 2, and the sixth dielectric substrate 23 of the first phase-shifting structure 2 is reused as the third dielectric substrate 31 of the second phase-shifting structure 3. When the second phase-shifting structure 3 is closer to the third phase-shifting structure 1 than the first phase-shifting structure 2, the second dielectric substrate 12 of the third phase-shifting structure 1 is reused as the third dielectric substrate 31 of the second phase-shifting structure 3, and the fourth dielectric substrate 32 of the second phase-shifting structure 3 is reused as the fifth dielectric substrate 22 of the first phase-shifting structure 2. This helps to achieve a thinner and lighter antenna.

[0089] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide an electronic device including the aforementioned holographic antenna. The antenna further includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna can function as either a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides signals in at least one frequency band, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G signals, and transmits these signals to the radio frequency transceiver. After receiving the signal, the transparent antenna in the communication system processes it through the filtering unit, power amplifier, signal amplifier, and radio frequency transceiver (not shown) before transmitting it to the receiving end in the transceiver unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0090] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is used to modulate the signals transmitted by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signals received by the transparent antenna before transmitting them to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate the various types of signals provided by the baseband before transmitting them to the antenna. The transparent antenna receives the signals and transmits them to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver. The receiving circuit then transmits the signals to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signals before transmitting them to the receiving end.

[0091] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit. The filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. During signal transmission in the communication system, the signal amplifier improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. The filtering unit combines the signals output from the signal amplifier and power amplifier, filters out clutter, and transmits them to the transparent antenna, which radiates the signal. During signal reception in the communication system, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out clutter from the received signal and transmits it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier increases the gain of the received signal, improving the SNR; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the received signal. The signal received by the antenna, after processing by the power amplifier and signal amplifier, is transmitted to the RF transceiver, which then transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0092] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as low-noise amplifiers, without limitation.

[0093] In some examples, the antenna provided in this disclosure also includes a power management unit connected to a power amplifier to provide voltage to the power amplifier for amplifying signals.

[0094] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-polarized antenna, comprising: Radiation structure, first feed line, second feed line, first phase shifting structure, second phase shifting structure and third phase shifting structure; The first phase-shifting structure is electrically connected to the radiating structure via the first feed line, and the second phase-shifting structure is electrically connected to the radiating structure via the second feed line, wherein the feeding directions of the first feed line and the second feed line are different; wherein, Both the first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are electrically connected to the third phase-shifting structure; both the first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are located on different layers from the third phase-shifting structure, and their maximum phase shift is less than that of the third phase-shifting structure. The second phase-shifting structure includes a third dielectric substrate and a fourth dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, a second adjustable dielectric layer disposed between the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, a third electrode layer disposed on the side of the third dielectric substrate near the fourth dielectric substrate, and a fourth electrode layer disposed on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate near the third dielectric substrate. The third phase-shifting structure is located on the side of the third dielectric substrate opposite to the fourth dielectric substrate.

2. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The third phase-shifting structure includes a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, a first tunable dielectric layer located between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, a first electrode layer located on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the first tunable dielectric layer, and a second electrode layer located on the side of the second dielectric substrate near the first tunable dielectric layer. Both the first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are located on the side of the second dielectric substrate opposite to the first dielectric substrate.

3. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The first phase-shifting structure is a fixed-phase phase shifter, and the second phase-shifting structure is a phase-adjustable phase shifter.

4. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The positional relationship between the second phase-shifting structure and the first phase-shifting structure includes any of the following: The second phase-shifting structure is located between the third dielectric substrate of the first phase-shifting structure and the third phase-shifting structure; The second phase-shifting structure is located on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate of the first phase-shifting structure that is away from the third dielectric substrate; The second phase-shifting structure is disposed in the same layer as the third electrode of the first phase-shifting structure; The second phase-shifting structure is disposed in the same layer as the fourth electrode of the first phase-shifting structure.

5. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 3, wherein, The first phase-shifting structure is a phase delay line.

6. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 5, wherein, The phase delay line is arranged on the same layer as the first feeder.

7. The dual-polarized antenna according to any one of claims 3-6, wherein, The maximum phase shift of the third phase-shifting structure is 360°, the phase shift of the first phase-shifting structure is 90°, and the maximum phase shift of the second phase-shifting structure is 180°.

8. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein, Both the first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are fixed-phase phase shifters, and the phase shift degrees of the first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are different.

9. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 6, wherein, The third phase-shifting structure, the first phase-shifting structure, and the second phase-shifting structure are stacked sequentially; or, the third phase-shifting structure, the second phase-shifting structure, and the first phase-shifting structure are stacked sequentially.

10. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 8 or 9, wherein, The maximum phase shift of the third phase-shifting structure is 360°, the phase shift of the first phase-shifting structure is 90°, and the phase shift of the second phase-shifting structure is 180°.

11. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein, Both the first phase-shifting structure and the second phase-shifting structure are fixed-phase phase shifters.

12. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 11, wherein, The first phase-shifting structure includes a fifth dielectric substrate and a sixth dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, a third adjustable dielectric layer disposed between the fifth dielectric substrate and the sixth dielectric substrate, a fifth electrode layer disposed on the side of the fifth dielectric substrate near the sixth dielectric substrate, and a sixth electrode layer disposed on the side of the sixth dielectric substrate near the fifth dielectric substrate. The third dielectric substrate and the fifth dielectric substrate are integrally formed, the fourth dielectric substrate and the sixth dielectric substrate are integrally formed, and the second tunable dielectric and the third tunable dielectric layer are integrally formed; the third electrode layer and the fifth electrode layer are disposed in the same layer, and the fourth electrode layer and the sixth electrode layer are disposed in the same layer.

13. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 11, wherein, The first phase-shifting structure includes a fifth dielectric substrate and a sixth dielectric substrate disposed opposite to each other, a third adjustable dielectric layer disposed between the fifth dielectric substrate and the sixth dielectric substrate, a fifth electrode layer disposed on the side of the fifth dielectric substrate near the sixth dielectric substrate, and a sixth electrode layer disposed on the side of the sixth dielectric substrate near the fifth dielectric substrate. The fifth dielectric substrate is located on the side of the fourth dielectric substrate opposite to the third dielectric substrate; or, the third dielectric substrate is located on the side of the sixth dielectric substrate opposite to the fifth dielectric substrate, and the third phase-shifting structure is located on the side of the fifth dielectric substrate opposite to the sixth dielectric substrate.

14. The dual-polarized antenna according to any one of claims 11-13, wherein, The maximum phase shift of the third phase-shifting structure is 360°, the maximum phase shift of the first phase-shifting structure is 90°, and the maximum phase shift of the second phase-shifting structure is 90°.

15. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein, It also includes a power supply structure, which is electrically connected to the first phase-shifting structure.

16. The dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The radiating structure is a radiating patch.

17. An electronic device comprising the dual-polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1-16.

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