Drive unit for vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a drive unit for a vehicle, comprising an electric machine and a switching transmission having at least a first switching element, a second switching element and two planet sets coupled to each other, the first planet set having a first sun shaft, a first ring gear shaft and a first carrier shaft, the second planet set having a second sun shaft, a second ring gear shaft and a second carrier shaft, the second planetary set has a second sun shaft, a second ring gear shaft and a second carrier shaft, the second sun shaft can be driven by the motor, the second carrier shaft is set as an output end, the second ring gear shaft is connected to the first carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, the first sun shaft is connected to the component in a rotationally fixed manner, and the second sun shaft is connected to the component in a rotationally fixed manner. A first shifting element connects the first ring gear shaft to at least one element of the first planetary gear set and / or to a certain element of the second planetary gear set in the actuated state, and a second shifting element connects the first ring gear shaft to the second sun shaft or the second carrier shaft in the actuated state in a rotationally fixed manner. Therefore, the second gear is switched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a drive unit for a vehicle, wherein the drive unit has a single electric machine and a shifting transmission with a plurality of gears. Background Art

[0002] For example, DE 10 2019 206 961 A1 discloses a drive unit for an electric vehicle, the drive unit comprising an electric motor and a two-speed switching transmission, the two-speed switching transmission having a first switching element, a second switching element and two planetary sets coupled to each other. The first planetary set comprises a first sun shaft, a first ring gear shaft and a first carrier shaft. The second planetary set comprises a second sun shaft, a second ring gear shaft and a second carrier shaft. The first ring gear shaft is fixedly connected to the second carrier shaft. The first sun shaft can be driven by an electric motor. The second sun shaft is stationary. The first carrier shaft forms a transmission driven shaft of the two-speed switching transmission. The first switching element A can be operated to switch the first gear. The second switching element can be operated to switch the second gear. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide an alternative drive unit for a vehicle, wherein the drive unit should be designed in particular to be compact and energy-efficient. This object is achieved by a drive unit having the features of the respective independent patent claims 1 to 11. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims, the following description and the illustrations.

[0004] The drive unit for a vehicle according to the present invention comprises an electric motor and a switching transmission, wherein the switching transmission has at least a first switching element, a second switching element and two planetary sets coupled to each other, wherein the first planetary set has a first sun shaft, a first ring gear shaft and a first carrier shaft, wherein the second planetary set has a second sun shaft, a second ring gear shaft and a second carrier shaft, wherein the second sun shaft can be driven by the electric motor, in particular connected to the drive shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second carrier shaft is established as a driven end of the switching transmission, in particular connected to the driven shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second ring gear shaft is connected to the first carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first sun shaft is connected to a stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first switching element, in an actuated state, connects the first ring gear shaft to the first carrier shaft and to the second ring gear shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the first gear, wherein the second switching element, in an actuated state, connects the first ring gear shaft to the second sun shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the second gear. For this purpose, reference is made to the method according to Figure 2 implementation method.

[0005] Another drive unit for a vehicle according to the present invention comprises an electric motor and a switching transmission, the switching transmission having at least a first switching element, a second switching element and two planetary sets coupled to each other, wherein the first planetary set has a first sun shaft, a first ring gear shaft and a first carrier shaft, wherein the second planetary set has a second sun shaft, a second ring gear shaft and a second carrier shaft, wherein the second sun shaft can be driven by the electric motor, in particular connected to the drive shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second carrier shaft is established as a driven end of the switching transmission, in particular connected to the driven shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second ring gear shaft is connected to the first carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first sun shaft is connected to a stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first switching element, in an actuated state, connects the first ring gear shaft to the stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the first gear, wherein the second switching element, in an actuated state, connects the first ring gear shaft to the second sun shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the second gear. For this purpose, reference is made to the method according to Figure 3 implementation method.

[0006] Another drive unit for a vehicle according to the present invention comprises an electric motor and a switching transmission, the switching transmission having at least a first switching element, a second switching element and two planetary sets coupled to each other, wherein the first planetary set has a first sun shaft, a first ring gear shaft and a first carrier shaft, wherein the second planetary set has a second sun shaft, a second ring gear shaft and a second carrier shaft, wherein the second sun shaft can be driven by the electric motor, in particular connected to the drive shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second carrier shaft is established as a driven end of the switching transmission, in particular connected to the driven shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second ring gear shaft is connected to the first carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first sun shaft is connected to a stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first switching element, in an actuated state, connects the first ring gear shaft and the second carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the first gear, wherein the second switching element, in an actuated state, connects the first ring gear shaft and the second sun shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the second gear. For this purpose, reference is made to the method according to Figure 4 implementation method.

[0007] Another drive unit for a vehicle according to the present invention comprises an electric motor and a switching transmission, the switching transmission having at least a first switching element, a second switching element and two planetary sets coupled to each other, wherein the first planetary set has a first sun shaft, a first ring gear shaft and a first carrier shaft, wherein the second planetary set has a second sun shaft, a second ring gear shaft and a second carrier shaft, wherein the second sun shaft can be driven by the electric motor, in particular connected to the drive shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second carrier shaft is established as a driven end of the switching transmission, in particular connected to the driven shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second ring gear shaft is connected to the first carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first sun shaft is connected to a stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first switching element, in an actuated state, connects the first ring gear shaft to the second carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the first gear, wherein the second switching element, in an actuated state, connects the second carrier shaft to the second sun shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the second gear. For this purpose, reference is made to according to Figure 5 implementation method.

[0008] Another drive unit for a vehicle according to the present invention comprises an electric motor and a switching transmission, the switching transmission having at least a first switching element, a second switching element and two planetary sets coupled to each other, wherein the first planetary set has a first sun shaft, a first ring gear shaft and a first carrier shaft, wherein the second planetary set has a second sun shaft, a second ring gear shaft and a second carrier shaft, wherein the second sun shaft can be driven by the electric motor, in particular connected to the drive shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second carrier shaft is established as a driven end of the switching transmission, in particular connected to the driven shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second ring gear shaft is connected to the first carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first sun shaft is connected to a stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first switching element, in an actuated state, connects the first ring gear shaft to the second carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the first gear, wherein the second switching element, in an actuated state, connects the first carrier shaft and the second ring gear shaft to the second carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the second gear. For this purpose, reference is made to according to Figure 6 implementation method.

[0009] Another drive unit for a vehicle according to the present invention includes an electric motor and a switching transmission, the switching transmission having at least a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element and two planetary groups coupled to each other, wherein the first planetary group has a first sun shaft, a first ring gear shaft and a first carrier shaft, wherein the second planetary group has a second sun shaft, a second ring gear shaft and a second carrier shaft, wherein the second sun shaft can be driven by the electric motor, in particular, connected to the drive shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second carrier shaft is established as a driven end of the switching transmission, in particular, connected to the driven shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, and wherein wherein the second ring gear shaft is connected to the first carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first sun shaft is connected to the stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first shifting element, in an actuated state, connects the first ring gear shaft to the first carrier shaft and to the second ring gear shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the first gear, wherein the second shifting element, in an actuated state, connects the first ring gear shaft to the second carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the second gear, wherein the third shifting element, in an actuated state, connects the first carrier shaft and the second ring gear shaft to the second carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the third gear. For this purpose, reference is made to Figure 7 implementation method.

[0010] Another drive unit for a vehicle according to the present invention includes an electric motor and a switching transmission, the switching transmission having at least a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element and two planetary groups coupled to each other, wherein the first planetary group has a first sun shaft, a first ring gear shaft and a first carrier shaft, wherein the second planetary group has a second sun shaft, a second ring gear shaft and a second carrier shaft, wherein the second sun shaft can be driven by the electric motor, in particular, connected to the drive shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second carrier shaft is established as a driven end of the switching transmission, in particular, connected to the driven shaft in a rotationally fixed manner. wherein the second ring gear shaft is non-rotatably connected to the first carrier shaft, wherein the first sun shaft is non-rotatably connected to the stationary component, wherein the first shift element, in an actuated state, connects the first ring gear shaft to the stationary component non-rotatably to shift the first gear, wherein the second shift element, in an actuated state, connects the first ring gear shaft to the second carrier shaft non-rotatably to shift the second gear, wherein the third shift element, in an actuated state, connects the first carrier shaft and the second ring gear shaft to the second carrier shaft non-rotatably to shift the third gear. For this purpose, reference is made to Figure 8 implementation method.

[0011] Another drive unit for a vehicle according to the present invention includes an electric motor and a switching transmission, the switching transmission having at least a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element and two planetary groups coupled to each other, wherein the first planetary group has a first sun shaft, a first ring gear shaft and a first carrier shaft, wherein the second planetary group has a second sun shaft, a second ring gear shaft and a second carrier shaft, wherein the second sun shaft can be driven by the electric motor, in particular, connected to the drive shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second carrier shaft is established as a driven end of the switching transmission, in particular, connected to the driven shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, and wherein wherein the second ring gear shaft is connected to the first carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first sun shaft is connected to a stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first shifting element, in an actuated state, connects the first ring gear shaft to the first carrier shaft and to the second ring gear shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the first gear, wherein the second shifting element, in an actuated state, connects the first ring gear shaft to the second sun shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the second gear, wherein the third shifting element, in an actuated state, connects the first carrier shaft and the second ring gear shaft to the second sun shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the third gear. For this purpose, reference is made to Fig. 9 implementation method.

[0012] Another drive unit for a vehicle according to the present invention includes an electric motor and a switching transmission, the switching transmission having at least a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element and two planetary groups coupled to each other, wherein the first planetary group has a first sun shaft, a first ring gear shaft and a first carrier shaft, wherein the second planetary group has a second sun shaft, a second ring gear shaft and a second carrier shaft, wherein the second sun shaft can be driven by the electric motor, in particular, connected to the drive shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second carrier shaft is established as a driven end of the switching transmission, in particular, connected to the driven shaft in a rotationally fixed manner. The first gear is connected to the first gear ring shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, the first sun shaft is connected to the stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner, the first shifting element, when operated, connects the first gear ring shaft to the stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner to shift the first gear, the second shifting element, when operated, connects the first gear ring shaft to the second sun shaft in a rotationally fixed manner to shift the second gear, and the third shifting element, when operated, connects the first gear ring shaft to the second sun shaft in a rotationally fixed manner to shift the third gear. For this purpose, reference is made to Fig.10 implementation method.

[0013] Another drive unit for a vehicle according to the present invention includes an electric motor and a switching transmission, the switching transmission having at least a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element and two planetary groups coupled to each other, wherein the first planetary group has a first sun shaft, a first ring gear shaft and a first carrier shaft, wherein the second planetary group has a second sun shaft, a second ring gear shaft and a second carrier shaft, wherein the second sun shaft can be driven by the electric motor, in particular, connected to the drive shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second carrier shaft is established as a driven end of the switching transmission, in particular, connected to the drive shaft in a rotationally fixed manner The driven shaft is connected, wherein the second ring gear shaft is connected to the first carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first sun shaft is connected to a stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first shift element, in an actuated state, connects the first ring gear shaft to the stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner to shift the first gear, wherein the second shift element, in an actuated state, connects the first ring gear shaft to the second sun shaft in a rotationally fixed manner to shift the second gear, wherein the third shift element, in an actuated state, connects the second carrier shaft to the second sun shaft in a rotationally fixed manner to shift the third gear. For this purpose, reference is made to Fig.11 implementation method.

[0014] Another drive unit for a vehicle according to the present invention includes an electric motor and a switching transmission, the switching transmission having at least a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element and two planetary groups coupled to each other, wherein the first planetary group has a first sun shaft, a first ring gear shaft and a first carrier shaft, wherein the second planetary group has a second sun shaft, a second ring gear shaft and a second carrier shaft, wherein the second sun shaft can be driven by the electric motor, in particular, connected to the drive shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second carrier shaft is established as a driven end of the switching transmission, in particular, connected to the driven shaft in a rotationally fixed manner. The first sun shaft is connected to a stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first shift element, when actuated, connects the first ring gear shaft to the second carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the first gear, wherein the second shift element, when actuated, connects the first ring gear shaft to the second sun shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the second gear, wherein the third shift element, when actuated, connects the second carrier shaft to the second sun shaft in a rotationally fixed manner so as to shift the third gear. For this purpose, reference is made to Fig.12 implementation method.

[0015] The switching transmission enables the connection of a single electric motor for the purpose of introducing drive power via a drive shaft. The switching transmission is connected to a differential or a wheel drivingly via a driven shaft. The drive end of the switching transmission is realized via a second sun shaft, wherein the driven end is realized via a second carrier shaft. The second sun shaft is connected to the electric motor drivingly. The second carrier shaft is connected to at least one wheel drivingly. For example, a single drive unit is used in an electric drive axle for an electric vehicle, wherein the driven shaft is then connected to the differential drivingly. Alternatively, two drive units are used in an electric drive axle for an electric vehicle, wherein the respective driven shaft is then connected to the respective wheel drivingly of the drive axle. The switching transmission has two or three gears, which are switched by means of a switching element, thereby providing high energy efficiency for the electric vehicle.

[0016] Actuation of the first shift element can be used to shift the first gear. Actuation of the second shift element can be used to shift the second gear. Actuation of the third shift element can be used to shift the third gear.

[0017] A "switching element" is understood to be a switchable device which, in the closed state, connects two shafts to one another or to a stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner, and in the open state, decouples the two shafts from one another or to a stationary component. The two shafts can then rotate relative to one another. A "stationary component" is understood to be a component which is stationarily fixed, in particular connected to a part of a housing in a rotationally fixed manner or in one piece. The switching element is designed as a shifting element and is therefore designed to shift gears.

[0018] Within the scope of the present invention, an "axis" is understood to be a rotatable component of a transmission, via which the respective components of the transmission are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner, or via which such a connection can be established when one of the switching elements is actuated. The respective axis can connect the components to one another axially or radially or also both axially and radially. Thus, the respective axis can also be present as an intermediate piece, via which the respective components are connected radially, for example. The term "axis" does not exclude that the components to be connected can be embodied in one piece. In particular, two or more axes that are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner can be designed in one piece.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, all the shifting elements are designed as positive-locking shifting elements. For example, the positive-locking shifting elements are designed as dog clutches. The positive-locking shifting elements can increase the efficiency of the drive unit due to reduced drag losses. In particular, compared with friction-locking shifting elements, positive-locking shifting elements are designed to be more compact and efficiency-optimized and have cost advantages.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment, the first switching element and the second switching element are combined to form a switching unit with three switching positions, wherein the switching unit has a single sleeve that can be axially moved. The sleeve can be axially moved to the respective switching positions by means of a single actuator. Preferably, the sleeve is arranged on the first ring gear shaft in a rotationally fixed manner in all three switching positions. Alternatively, the sleeve is arranged on the second carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner in all three switching positions. Preferably, the switching device has a neutral position between the two gear positions, so that two gear positions and one neutral position are provided in the case of three switching positions. In the neutral position, the two shafts are decoupled from each other via the switching unit.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment, the first switching element, the second switching element and the third switching element are combined to form a switching unit with five switching positions, wherein the switching unit has a single sleeve that can be axially displaced. The sleeve can be axially displaced into the respective switching position by means of a single actuator. Preferably, the switching device has a neutral position between two gear positions, so that in the case of five switching positions, three gear positions and two neutral positions are provided. In the neutral position, the two shafts are decoupled from each other via the switching unit.

[0022] In particular, a single actuator moves the sleeve into the respective shift position and thereby sequentially shifts two or three gears, depending on the embodiment. Preferably, the sleeve preferably has form-locking claws, which in the respective gear position cooperate in a form-locking manner with the respective corresponding claw tooth engagement in order to set a rotationally fixed connection between two shafts or between a shaft and a housing. The respective claw tooth engagement that cooperates in a form-locking manner with the sleeve is therefore understood to be a shift element. In particular, the sleeve is arranged axially between two gear positions in the respective neutral position, so that a change between the gears always requires passing through the neutral position. Preferably, the shift unit comprises a non-synchronized dog clutch.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment, the drive unit further comprises a differential, wherein the differential comprises a differential input shaft and two differential output shafts, wherein the differential input shaft is at least indirectly connected to the second carrier shaft.

[0024] For example, the differential is constructed as a bevel gear differential. The differential constructed as a bevel gear differential has two wheel-side driven elements, in particular a first driven wheel and a second driven wheel. The two driven wheels are respectively engaged with a balancing element. The balancing element is supported in the differential cage in a manner that it can rotate around its own axis. The respective driven wheels are connected to the respective differential output shafts in a rotationally resistant manner. The drive end of the differential is realized via the differential cage, which is established as a differential input shaft. The driving power fed into the differential transmission is distributed to the differential output shaft and transmitted to the drive wheels of the axle. The differential output shaft is established to be connected to the drive wheel of the vehicle in a driving manner. The respective differential output shafts can be connected to the wheels to which they belong directly or indirectly or indirectly or indirectly via a hinge, an articulated shaft and / or a wheel hub.

[0025] For example, the differential is constructed as an integral differential having a first planetary group and a second planetary group. An "integrated differential" is understood to be a differential having a first planetary group and a second planetary group operatively connected to the first planetary group. The first planetary group of the integral differential is connected to the driven shaft of the switching transmission, especially the second carrier shaft, and is connected to the second planetary group of the integral differential on the other hand, and is at least indirectly connected to the first differential output shaft. In addition, the second planetary group of the integral differential is also connected to the second differential output shaft in a driving manner and supported on a stationary component, especially on a housing component. With the help of this integral differential, the input torque introduced into the integral differential can be transformed and distributed to the two differential output shafts in a defined ratio. In particular, the input torque is transmitted to the two differential output shafts in half.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, the drive unit further comprises a third planetary set configured as a constant transmission ratio stage, the third planetary set having a third sun shaft, a third ring gear shaft and a third carrier shaft. For example, the third sun shaft is connected to the second carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the driven shaft is connected to the third carrier shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the ring gear shaft is connected to a stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner. A plurality of planetary gears are rotatably supported on the third carrier shaft and are in toothed engagement with the third sun shaft and the third ring gear shaft.

[0027] According to a preferred embodiment, the first planetary set and the second planetary set are arranged axially adjacent to each other. Preferably, the first planetary set is arranged axially between the second and third planetary sets. Therefore, there are no additional components axially between the respective planetary sets.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment, the motor is arranged at the first axial end section of the switching transmission, wherein the driven shaft is arranged at the second axial end section of the switching transmission, which is configured opposite thereto. Thus, the motor and the driven shaft are spaced apart from each other to the greatest extent in the axial direction. Alternatively, the motor is arranged at the first axial end section of the switching transmission, wherein the driven shaft axially passes through the motor and is also arranged at the first axial end section of the switching transmission. Thus, for example, the drive shaft connected to the rotor of the motor in a rotationally fixed manner is constructed as a hollow shaft and is set up for axial penetration of the driven shaft.

[0029] The vehicle according to the invention comprises at least one drive unit according to the invention. The above definitions and statements regarding the technical effects, advantages and advantageous embodiments of the drive unit according to the invention apply in the same manner to the vehicle according to the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The drawings show advantageous embodiments of the invention explained below, wherein identical or similar elements are provided with the same reference numerals.

[0031] Figure 1 A highly abstract, schematic illustration of a vehicle having a driven axle with a drive unit according to the invention is shown;

[0032] Figure 2 A highly abstract, schematic illustration of a drive unit according to the invention in accordance with a first specific embodiment is shown;

[0033] Figure 3 A highly abstract, schematic illustration of a drive unit according to the invention in accordance with a second specific embodiment is shown;

[0034] Figure 4 A highly abstract, schematic illustration of a drive unit according to the invention in accordance with a third specific embodiment is shown;

[0035] Figure 5 A highly abstract, schematic illustration of a drive unit according to the invention in accordance with a fourth specific embodiment is shown;

[0036] Figure 6 A highly abstract, schematic illustration of a drive unit according to the invention in accordance with a fifth specific embodiment is shown;

[0037] Figure 7 A highly abstract, schematic illustration of a drive unit according to the invention in accordance with a sixth specific embodiment is shown;

[0038] Figure 8 A highly abstract, schematic illustration of a drive unit according to the invention in accordance with a seventh specific embodiment is shown;

[0039] Fig. 9 A highly abstract, schematic illustration of a drive unit according to the invention in accordance with an eighth specific embodiment is shown;

[0040] Fig.10 A highly abstract, schematic illustration of a drive unit according to the invention in accordance with a ninth specific embodiment is shown;

[0041] Fig.11 A highly abstract, schematic illustration of a drive unit according to the invention in accordance with a tenth specific embodiment; and

[0042] Fig.12 A highly abstracted schematic illustration of a drive unit according to the invention in accordance with an eleventh specific embodiment is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Figure 1 A vehicle 100 is shown, whose first axle 101 has two wheels R1, R2, and the second axle 102 has two wheels R3, R4. At present, the first axle 101 is configured as the rear drive axle of the vehicle 100 and is equipped with a drive unit according to the present invention. The drive unit includes an electric motor EM set up to generate drive power and a switching transmission device SG with multiple gears. Therefore, the vehicle 100 is configured as an electric vehicle, that is, a vehicle that can be driven electrically. The drive unit is arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and is connected to the wheels R1, R2 of the first axle 101 in a driving manner. At present, no additional drive unit is arranged on the second axle 102 (i.e., the front axle of the vehicle 100), thereby saving cost, weight and structural space. Alternatively, instead of being arranged on the rear axle, the drive unit can be arranged on the front axle of the vehicle 100. In order to realize an all-wheel drive system, a further drive unit may be arranged on the second axle 102 and connected to the wheels R3 , R4 of the axle 102 in a driving manner.

[0044] according to Figure 2The drive unit includes an electric motor EM having a stator EMS fixed relative to the housing and a rotatable rotor EMR, and a switching transmission SG having a first switching element A, a second switching element B and two coupled planetary groups PS1 and PS2. Both switching elements A and B are constructed as form-locking switching elements, thereby saving structural space and improving efficiency. The first planetary group PS1 includes three shafts, namely the first sun shaft SO1, the first ring gear shaft HR1 and the first carrier shaft ST1. The first carrier shaft ST1 carries a plurality of planetary gears, which mesh with the first sun shaft SO1 and the first ring gear shaft HR1, that is, they are in tooth engagement. The second planetary group PS2 also includes three shafts, namely the second sun shaft SO2, the second ring gear shaft HR2 and the second carrier shaft ST2. The second carrier shaft ST2 carries a plurality of planetary gears, which mesh with the second sun shaft SO2 and the second ring gear shaft HR2, that is, they are in tooth engagement. In addition, the two planetary groups PS1 and PS2 are arranged axially adjacent to each other.

[0045] The second sun shaft SO2 is connected to the rotor EMR of the electric motor EM via the drive shaft An in a rotationally fixed manner and can therefore be driven by the electric motor EM. The second carrier shaft ST2 is set up as the driven end of the switching transmission SG and is connected to the driven shaft Ab in a rotationally fixed manner. The drive shaft An is arranged on one side of the drive unit, and the driven shaft Ab is arranged on the opposite side of the drive unit, wherein the drive shaft An and the driven shaft Ab do not overlap each other axially. The driven shaft Ab can be indirectly, for example, via a differential, or directly connected to at least one drive wheel of the vehicle in a driving manner. For example, a drive unit can be provided for each drive wheel of the vehicle.

[0046] The second ring gear shaft HR2 is connected to the first carrier shaft ST1 in a rotationally fixed manner. In particular, the second ring gear shaft HR2 and the first carrier shaft ST1 form a coupling shaft between the two planetary sets PS1, PS2. The first sun shaft SO1 is connected to a stationary component of a housing G configured as a drive device in a rotationally fixed manner. Therefore, the first sun shaft SO1 is stationary and is therefore prohibited from rotating. The drive unit has a rotational axis of symmetry R, ​​which coincides with the drive shaft An and the driven shaft Ab. The motor EM and the switching transmission SG are arranged coaxially with the drive shaft An and the driven shaft Ab, and therefore rotate around the axis of symmetry R. Figure 2 The following figures show only the “upper” half of the drive unit, wherein the “lower” half (not shown) is constructed symmetrically to the “upper” half.

[0047] The first shift element A and the second shift element B are combined to form a shift unit with three shift positions, wherein the shift unit has a single axially movable sleeve SM, by which the three shift positions are realized. The sleeve SM is arranged on the first ring gear shaft HR1 in a rotationally fixed manner and can be axially moved into the respective shift positions by means of a single actuator AK. Therefore, all three shift positions of the shift unit are arranged in a straight line and consist of two gear positions and a neutral position, wherein the shift unit has a neutral position between the two gear positions. Therefore, by moving the sleeve SM in the axial direction, the first and second gears are respectively switched via the neutral position or sequentially. This not only saves weight and components, but also saves costs, structural space and installation work.

[0048] When the sleeve SM is arranged in the first gear position, i.e., in the first shift position, the first gear is engaged. The first shift element A, in the actuated state, i.e., in the first shift position of the sleeve SM, connects the first ring gear shaft HR1 to the first carrier shaft ST1 in order to shift the first gear. As a result, the first planetary set PS1 is immobilized.

[0049] The first gear is disengaged by axially moving the sleeve SM into a neutral position, i.e., into the second shift position. When the sleeve SM is in the second shift position, the first ring gear shaft HR1 and the first carrier shaft ST1 are not connected to each other in a rotationally fixed manner via the sleeve SM and are therefore decoupled from each other via the sleeve SM. In the first neutral position, the sleeve SM is only in rotational engagement with the first ring gear shaft HR1. Figure 2 The second switching position of the sliding sleeve SM is shown in FIG.

[0050] The second gear is engaged by axially moving the sleeve SM into the second gear position, i.e., into the third shift position. When the second shift element B is actuated, i.e., when the sleeve SM is in the third shift position, the first ring gear shaft HR1 is connected to the second sun shaft SO2 in order to shift the second gear. As a result, the first ring gear shaft HR1 rotates at the drive speed introduced by the electric machine EM to the drive shaft An.

[0051] Figure 3 A second embodiment of a drive unit according to the invention is shown. Figure 3 The drive unit is basically the same as Figure 2The difference between the two embodiments lies in the representation or implementation of the first gear. In the present case, this embodiment represents an interlocking variant for the first planetary set PS1. In order to shift the first gear, the first shifting element A connects the first ring gear shaft HR1 to a stationary component configured as a housing G in the actuated state. The first ring gear shaft HR1 is therefore stationary, whereby the first planetary set PS1 rotates as a whole. Figure 2 Compared to the implementation of the present invention, the switching positions two and three and the functions remain unchanged. Figure 3 , the second shift position of the sleeve SM is shown in FIG. A further interlocking variant for the first planetary set PS1, not shown in the figure, can be realized in that the first shifting element A connects the first carrier shaft ST1 to the housing G in a rotationally fixed manner. However, this interlocking variant does not allow the use of a sleeve SM which is always connected to the first ring gear shaft HR1. In other respects, according to Figure 3 Embodiments and basis Figure 2 For the corresponding embodiments, please refer to the relevant content.

[0052] Figure 4 A third embodiment of a drive unit according to the present invention is shown. Figure 4 The drive unit is basically the same as Figure 2 The difference between the two embodiments lies in the representation or implementation of the first gear. To shift the first gear, the first shift element A connects the first ring gear shaft HR1 to the second carrier shaft ST2 when it is actuated. Figure 2 Compared to the embodiment of the present invention, the switching positions two and three and the functions remain unchanged. Figure 4 In the figure, the second switching position of the sleeve SM is shown. Figure 4 Embodiments and basis Figure 2 For the corresponding embodiments, please refer to the relevant content.

[0053] Figure 5 A fourth embodiment of a drive unit according to the invention is shown. Figure 5 The drive unit is basically the same as Figure 4 The difference between the two embodiments lies in the representation or implementation of the second gear. In order to shift the second gear, the second shift element B connects the second carrier shaft ST2 to the second sun shaft SO2 when it is actuated. Figure 4 Compared to the embodiment of the invention, the first shift position and the function remain unchanged. The first gear is engaged by axially moving the sleeve SM into a neutral position, i.e. into the second shift position. In this neutral position, the sleeve SM is only rotationally engaged with the second carrier shaft ST2. Figure 5In the figure, the second switching position of the sleeve SM is shown. Figure 5 Embodiments and basis Figure 4 For the corresponding embodiments, please refer to the relevant content.

[0054] Figure 6 A fifth embodiment of a drive unit according to the invention is shown. Figure 6 The drive unit is basically the same as Figure 5 The difference between the two embodiments lies in the representation or implementation of the second gear. In the present case, this embodiment represents an interlocking variant for the second planetary set PS2. To shift the second gear, the second shift element B connects the second carrier shaft ST2 to the second ring gear shaft HR2 in the actuated state. Figure 5 Compared to the implementation of the present invention, the switch positions one and two and the functions remain unchanged. Figure 6 In the figure, the second switching position of the sleeve SM is shown. Figure 6 Embodiments and basis Figure 5 For the corresponding embodiments, please refer to the relevant content.

[0055] Figure 7 A sixth embodiment of a drive unit according to the invention is shown. Figure 7 The drive unit is basically the same as Figure 2 The drive unit of the present invention corresponds to the drive unit of the present invention, wherein the difference between the two embodiments is that an additional switching element for forming the third gear is arranged. At present, the switching transmission SG has not only the first and second switching elements A, B, but also the third switching element C. All three switching elements A, B, C are constructed as shape-locking switching elements. The first switching element A, the second switching element B and the third switching element C form a switching unit with five switching positions, wherein the switching unit has a unique sleeve SM that can be axially moved, and the five switching positions are realized by means of the sleeve. The sleeve SM can be axially moved to the respective switching positions by means of a unique actuator AK. Therefore, the five switching positions of the switching unit are arranged in a straight line and consist of three gear positions and two neutral positions, wherein the switching unit has exactly one neutral position between the two gear positions. Therefore, by moving the sleeve SM in the axial direction, one to three gears are switched successively or sequentially through the neutral position. This not only saves weight and components, but also saves costs, structural space and installation work.

[0056] When the sleeve SM is arranged in the first gear position, that is, arranged in the first shift position, the first gear is engaged. When the first shift element A is actuated, that is, when the sleeve SM is in the first shift position, the first ring gear shaft HR1 is connected to the first carrier shaft ST1 to shift the first gear. As a result, the first planetary set PS1 is fixed.

[0057] The first gear is disengaged by axially moving the sleeve SM into a first neutral position, i.e., into a second shift position. When the sleeve SM is in the second shift position, the first ring gear shaft HR1 and the first carrier shaft ST1 are not connected to each other in a rotationally fixed manner via the sleeve SM and are therefore decoupled from each other via the sleeve SM. In the first neutral position, the sleeve SM is only rotationally engaged with the first ring gear shaft HR1.

[0058] The second gear is engaged by axially moving the sleeve SM into the second gear position, i.e., into the third shift position. When the second shift element B is actuated, i.e., when the sleeve SM is in the third shift position, it connects the first ring gear shaft HR1 to the second carrier shaft ST2 to shift the second gear.

[0059] The second gear is engaged by axially moving the sleeve SM into a second neutral position, i.e., into the fourth shift position. When the sleeve SM is in the fourth shift position, the first ring gear shaft HR1 and the second carrier shaft ST2 are no longer connected to each other in a rotationally fixed manner via the sleeve SM and are therefore decoupled from each other via the sleeve SM. In the second neutral position, the sleeve SM is in rotational engagement with the second carrier shaft ST2.

[0060] The third gear is engaged by axially moving the sleeve SM into the third gear position, i.e., into the fifth shift position. When the third shift element C is actuated, i.e., when the sleeve SM is in the fifth shift position, the second ring gear shaft HR2 is connected to the second carrier shaft ST2 in order to shift the third gear. This interlocks the second planetary set PS2. Figure 7 The fifth switching position of the sliding sleeve SM is shown in FIG. Figure 7 Embodiments and basis Figure 2 For the corresponding embodiments, please refer to the relevant content.

[0061] Figure 8 A seventh embodiment of a drive unit according to the present invention is shown. Figure 8 The drive unit is basically the same as Figure 7 The difference between the two embodiments lies in the representation or implementation of the first gear. In the present case, this embodiment represents an interlocking variant for the first planetary set PS1. In order to shift the first gear, the first shifting element A connects the first ring gear shaft HR1 to a stationary component in the form of a housing G in the actuated state. The first ring gear shaft HR1 is therefore stationary. Figure 7 Compared to the embodiment of the present invention, the switch positions 2 to 5 and their functions remain unchanged. Figure 8The fifth switching position of the sliding sleeve SM is shown in FIG. Figure 8 Embodiments and basis Figure 7 For the corresponding embodiments, please refer to the relevant content.

[0062] Fig. 9 An eighth embodiment of a drive unit according to the invention is shown. Fig. 9 The drive unit is basically the same as Figure 7 The difference between the two embodiments lies in the representation or implementation of the second and third gears. To shift the second gear, the second shift element B connects the first ring gear shaft HR1 and the second sun shaft SO2 when it is actuated. To shift the third gear, the third shift element C connects the second ring gear shaft HR2 and the second sun shaft SO2 when it is actuated, whereby the second planetary set PS2 is interlocked. Figure 7 Compared to the embodiment of the invention, the first and second shift positions and their functions remain unchanged. The second gear is engaged by axially moving the sleeve SM into the second neutral position, i.e. into the fourth shift position. In the second neutral position, the sleeve SM is only rotationally engaged with the second sunshaft SO2. Fig. 9 The fifth switching position of the sliding sleeve SM is shown in FIG. Fig. 9 Embodiments and basis Figure 7 For the corresponding embodiments, please refer to the relevant content.

[0063] Fig.10 A ninth embodiment of a drive unit according to the present invention is shown. Fig.10 The drive unit is basically the same as Fig. 9 The difference between the two embodiments lies in the representation or implementation of the first gear. In the present case, this embodiment represents an interlocking variant for the first planetary set PS1. In order to shift the first gear, the first shifting element A connects the first ring gear shaft HR1 to a stationary component in the form of a housing G in the actuated state. The first ring gear shaft HR1 is therefore stationary. Fig. 9 Compared with the embodiment of the present invention, the second to fifth switching positions and functions remain unchanged. Fig.10 The fifth switching position of the sliding sleeve SM is shown in FIG. Fig.10 Examples and Fig. 9 For the corresponding embodiments, please refer to the relevant content.

[0064] Fig.11 FIG. 10 shows a tenth embodiment of a drive unit according to the present invention. Fig.11 The drive unit is basically the same as Fig.10The difference between the two embodiments lies in the representation or implementation of the third gear. In the present case, the embodiment is an interlocking variant for the second planetary group PS2. In order to shift the third gear, the third switching element C connects the second carrier shaft ST2 and the second sun shaft SO2 in the actuated state. Fig.10 Compared with the embodiment of the present invention, the switch positions one to four and the functions remain unchanged. Fig.11 The fifth switching position of the sliding sleeve SM is shown in FIG. Fig.11 Embodiments and basis Fig.10 For the corresponding embodiments, please refer to the relevant content.

[0065] Fig.12 An eleventh embodiment of a drive unit according to the present invention is shown. Fig.12 The drive unit is basically the same as Fig.11 The difference between the two embodiments lies in the representation or implementation of the first gear. To shift the first gear, the first shift element A connects the first ring gear shaft HR1 to the second carrier shaft ST2 when it is actuated. Fig.11 Compared to the embodiment of the present invention, the switch positions 2 to 5 and their functions remain unchanged. Fig.12 The fifth switching position of the sliding sleeve SM is shown in FIG. Fig.12 Embodiments and basis Fig.11 For the corresponding embodiments, please refer to the relevant content.

[0066] Reference numerals list

[0067] An drive shaft

[0068] Ab driven shaft

[0069] SG switching transmission

[0070] 100 vehicles

[0071] 101 First Axle

[0072] 102 Second Axle

[0073] R1 Wheels

[0074] R2 Wheels

[0075] R3 Wheels

[0076] R4 Wheels

[0077] EM Motor

[0078] EMS stator

[0079] EMR Rotors

[0080] PS1 First Planet Group

[0081] SO1 First Sun Axis

[0082] HO1 first ring gear shaft

[0083] ST1 first frame axis

[0084] PS2 Second Planet Set

[0085] SO2 Second Solar Axis

[0086] HO2 second ring gear shaft

[0087] ST2 Second Frame Axle

[0088] SM Sliding Bushing

[0089] A first switching element

[0090] B Second switching element

[0091] C The third switching element

[0092] AK Actuator

[0093] G housing

[0094] R symmetry axis

Claims

1. A drive unit for a vehicle (100), comprising an electric machine (EM) and a shifting transmission (SG), the shifting transmission having at least a first shifting element (A), a second shifting element (B) and two planetary sets (PS1, PS2) coupled to one another, wherein: The first planetary set (PS1) has a first sun shaft (SO1), a first ring gear shaft (HR1) and a first carrier shaft (ST1), wherein the second planetary set (PS2) has a second sun shaft (SO2), a second ring gear shaft (HR2) and a second carrier shaft (ST2), wherein the second sun shaft (SO2) can be driven by the electric motor (EM), wherein the second carrier shaft (ST2) is established as the driven end of the switching transmission (SG), wherein the second ring gear shaft (HR2) is connected to the first carrier shaft (ST1) in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the first sun shaft (SO1) is connected to a stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner, • wherein the first shifting element (A) connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) to at least one element of the first planetary gear set (PS1) and / or an element of the second planetary gear set (PS2) when the first shifting element (A) is actuated, • In the actuated state, the second shift element (B) connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) to the second sun shaft (SO2) or the second carrier shaft (ST2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the second gear.

2. The drive unit for a vehicle (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one element of the first planetary gear set (PS1) is a carrier shaft (ST1) of the first planetary gear set (PS1), and a certain element of the second planetary gear set (PS2) is a carrier shaft (ST2) or a ring gear shaft (HR2) of the second planetary gear set (PS2).

3. The drive unit for a vehicle (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: • the first shifting element (A) in the actuated state connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) to the first carrier shaft (ST1) and to the second ring gear shaft (HR2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the first gear, • In this case, the second shift element (B) connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) to the second sun gear shaft (SO2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the second gear when the second shift element (B) is actuated.

4. The drive unit for a vehicle (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: • the first shifting element (A) in the actuated state connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) to a stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the first gear, • In this case, the second shift element (B) connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) to the second sun gear shaft (SO2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the second gear when the second shift element (B) is actuated.

5. The drive unit for a vehicle (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: - the first shifting element (A) connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) and the second carrier shaft (ST2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the first gear when the first shifting element (A) is actuated, - wherein the second shift element (B) connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) to the second sun gear shaft (SO2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift a second gear when the second shift element (B) is actuated.

6. The drive unit for a vehicle (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: • the first shifting element (A) connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) and the second carrier shaft (ST2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the first gear, when the first shifting element (A) is actuated. • In the actuated state, the second shift element (B) connects the second carrier shaft (ST2) to the second sun shaft (SO2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the second gear.

7. The drive unit for a vehicle (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: • the first shifting element (A) connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) and the second carrier shaft (ST2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the first gear, when the first shifting element (A) is actuated. • wherein the second shift element (B) connects the first carrier shaft (ST1) and the second ring gear shaft (HR2) to the second carrier shaft (ST2) in a rotationally fixed manner when the second shift element (B) is actuated in order to shift the second gear.

8. A drive unit for a vehicle (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The shifting transmission (SG) has a third shifting element (C).

9. The drive unit for a vehicle (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that: • the first shifting element (A) in the actuated state connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) to the first carrier shaft (ST1) and to the second ring gear shaft (HR2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the first gear, • wherein the second shifting element (B) connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) and the second carrier shaft (ST2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the second gear, when the second shifting element (B) is actuated. - wherein the third shift element (C) connects the first carrier shaft (ST1) and the second ring gear shaft (HR2) and the second carrier shaft (ST2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the third gear when the third shift element (C) is actuated.

10. The drive unit for a vehicle (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that • the first shifting element (A) in the actuated state connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) to a stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the first gear, • wherein the second shifting element (B) connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) and the second carrier shaft (ST2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the second gear, when the second shifting element (B) is actuated. • In the actuated state, the third shift element (C) connects the first carrier shaft (ST1) and the second ring gear shaft (HR2) and the second carrier shaft (ST2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the third gear.

11. The drive unit for a vehicle (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that • the first shifting element (A) in the actuated state connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) to the first carrier shaft (ST1) and to the second ring gear shaft (HR2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the first gear, • wherein the second shifting element (B) connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) and the second sun gear shaft (SO2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the second gear, when the second shifting element (B) is actuated. • In the actuated state, the third shift element (C) connects the first carrier shaft (ST1) and the second ring gear shaft (HR2) to the second sun shaft (SO2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the third gear.

12. The drive unit for a vehicle (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that • the first shifting element (A) in the actuated state connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) to a stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the first gear, • wherein the second shifting element (B) connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) and the second sun gear shaft (SO2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the second gear, when the second shifting element (B) is actuated. • In the actuated state, the third shift element (C) connects the first carrier shaft (ST1) and the second ring gear shaft (HR2) to the second sun shaft (SO2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the third gear.

13. The drive unit for a vehicle (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that: • the first shifting element (A) in the actuated state connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) to a stationary component in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the first gear, • wherein the second shifting element (B) connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) and the second sun gear shaft (SO2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the second gear, when the second shifting element (B) is actuated. • In this case, the third shift element (C) connects the second carrier shaft (ST2) and the second sun shaft (SO2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the third gear when the third shift element (C) is actuated.

14. The drive unit for a vehicle (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that: • the first shifting element (A) connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) and the second carrier shaft (ST2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the first gear, when the first shifting element (A) is actuated. • wherein the second shifting element (B) connects the first ring gear shaft (HR1) and the second sun gear shaft (SO2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the second gear, when the second shifting element (B) is actuated. • In this case, the third shift element (C) connects the second carrier shaft (ST2) and the second sun shaft (SO2) in a rotationally fixed manner in order to shift the third gear when the third shift element (C) is actuated.

15. The drive unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The first shift element (A) and the second shift element (B) are combined to form a shift unit having three shift positions, wherein the shift unit has a single axially displaceable sliding sleeve (SM).

16. A drive unit according to any one of claims 8 to 14, wherein: The first shift element (A), the second shift element (B) and the third shift element (C) are combined to form a shift unit having five shift positions, wherein the shift unit has a single axially displaceable sliding sleeve (SM).

17. A drive unit according to claim 15 or 16, wherein: The shift unit has a neutral position between the two gear positions.

18. A drive unit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: All shift elements (A, B, C) are designed as form-locking shift elements.

Images