Convenient icing observation early warning method and early warning system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of icing early warning, in particular to a convenient icing observation early warning method and system. Comprising the following steps that S1, real-time temperature and real-time humidity are measured, and when the real-time temperature is smaller than a temperature threshold value and the real-time humidity is larger than or equal to a humidity threshold value, the step S2 is carried out; s2, starting an imaging device to obtain an icing picture, and obtaining a measured pressure value or a measured tension value of the power line; s3, calculating a vertical pressure value or a vertical tension value of the power line to obtain a calculated icing thickness, and when the calculated icing thickness is greater than an icing thickness threshold value and a frosting phenomenon exists in the power line, performing the step S4; s4, performing thickness measurement operation on the power line to obtain the measured icing thickness; s5, setting a first early warning value and a second early warning value, comparing the measured icing thickness with the first early warning value and the second early warning value respectively, and sending out an early warning signal or an alarm signal; according to the invention, the accuracy of icing early warning is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of icing warning, and in particular to a convenient icing observation and warning method and a warning system. Background Art

[0002] Icing of transmission lines can cause damage to regional power lines, towers and substation equipment, leading to large-scale power outages. In response to this situation, a variety of measures have been proposed to prevent icing of transmission lines, such as DC ice melting technology and low-frequency ice melting technology. Although video surveillance is used in key areas for ice warning, the thickness of ice still needs to be manually surveyed in areas with severe ice. The ice thickness is estimated based on experience, which cannot accurately reflect the ice thickness of transmission lines. The meteorological recording device installed by the power department is only 2.6 meters high and cannot reflect the ice situation of transmission lines at different heights.

[0003] At present, there are more than 30 methods used in power grid ice observation devices, mainly manual inspection, pressure measurement, video imaging, laser thickness measurement, sag method, etc. From the actual application situation, the application effect is not ideal. For example, in early 2024, there was a large-scale drop in temperature and rainfall across the country, and large-scale ice appeared. According to statistics, less than 10% of the devices can accurately measure thickness and issue early warnings. For example, a certain line tripped, and the line inspection found that the tower collapsed due to ice.

[0004] Existing ice cover measurement devices mainly use a single method, do not consider the differences in ice cover at different altitudes, do not compare and analyze multiple measurement results, and do not integrate other meteorological conditions, resulting in inaccurate warnings.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a convenient ice cover observation and early warning method and early warning system to improve the accuracy of ice cover early warning compared with the existing technology. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention solves the technical problems existing in the prior art and provides a convenient ice cover observation and early warning method and early warning system.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A convenient ice cover observation and early warning method comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1, measure the real-time temperature and real-time humidity of the power line, set the temperature threshold and the humidity threshold, and when the real-time temperature is less than the temperature threshold and the real-time humidity is greater than or equal to the humidity threshold, proceed to step S2;

[0010] S2, start the imaging device, take pictures of the power line, obtain ice-covered pictures, and simultaneously obtain the measured pressure value or measured tension value of the power line; transmit the ice-covered pictures and the measured pressure value to the calculation module, or transmit the ice-covered pictures and the measured tension value to the calculation module;

[0011] S3, setting an ice thickness threshold, calculating the vertical pressure value of the power line by measuring the pressure value, or calculating the vertical tension value of the power line by measuring the tension value, calculating the ice thickness according to the vertical pressure value or vertical tension value of the power line, comparing the calculated ice thickness with the ice thickness threshold, when the calculated ice thickness is greater than the ice thickness threshold and frost is observed in the power line in the ice photo, proceed to step S4, otherwise, repeat steps S1-S3;

[0012] S4, starting the ultrasonic thickness gauge to measure the thickness of the power line to obtain the measured ice thickness;

[0013] S5. Set a first warning value and a second warning value, compare the measured ice thickness with the first warning value and the second warning value respectively, and issue a warning signal when the measured ice thickness is greater than the first warning value; and issue an alarm signal when the measured ice thickness is greater than the second warning value.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, for power lines below 35 kV, measured pressure values ​​of the power lines are obtained, and for power lines of 35 kV and above, measured tension values ​​of the power lines are obtained.

[0015] Furthermore, the vertical pressure value of the power line is calculated by the following formula:

[0016] dP0=2×dP1×cos(a);

[0017] In the above formula, P0 represents the vertical pressure value of the power line, P1 represents the measured pressure value of the power line; a represents the angle between the tangent line at the end of the power line and the horizontal line.

[0018] Furthermore, the vertical tension value of the power line is calculated by the following formula:

[0019] F0 = 2 × F1 × cos(a);

[0020]

[0021] In the above formula, F0 represents the vertical tension value of the power line, F1 represents the measured tension value of the power line, which is measured by a tension sensor; a represents the angle between the tangent at the end of the power line and the horizontal line, which is measured by setting an angle sensor at the end of the power line; W0 represents the horizontal tension of the power line, L represents the distance between two adjacent towers, S represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the power line, γ0 represents the conductor load ratio of the power line in the non-icing state, W1 represents the horizontal tension of the power line under the icing state, E represents the elastic coefficient of the power line, ω1 represents the unit length weight of the power line in the icing state, ω0 represents the unit length weight of the power line in the non-icing state, α represents the thermal expansion and contraction coefficient of the power line, ΔT1 represents the temperature difference caused by the natural environment between the non-icing state and the icing state of the power line, ΔT2 represents the temperature difference caused by the change of current carrying capacity between the non-icing state and the icing state of the power line; F represents the vertical tension of the power line, γ1 represents the conductor load ratio of the power line in the icing state.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S4, after the ultrasonic thickness gauge is started, the ultrasonic thickness gauge performs a thickness measurement operation every set time, and when the real-time temperature of the power line is greater than the set temperature, the ultrasonic thickness gauge is turned off.

[0023] Furthermore, the temperature threshold in step S1 is 0° C., and the humidity threshold is 75% RH.

[0024] A convenient ice cover observation and early warning system comprises a sensor assembly, an imaging device, a transmission device, a solar photovoltaic panel battery and a controller. The sensor assembly, the imaging device, the transmission device and the solar photovoltaic panel battery are all arranged on a pole tower. The sensor assembly and the imaging device are both arranged close to a power line. The sensor assembly and the imaging device are connected to the controller via the transmission device. The solar photovoltaic panel battery is used to provide power.

[0025] Furthermore, the sensor assembly includes a pressure sensor, an ultrasonic thickness gauge, a humidity sensor and a meteorological sensor, the pressure sensor is used to measure the measured pressure value of the power line, the ultrasonic thickness gauge is used to perform thickness measurement operations, the humidity sensor is used to measure the humidity of the power line, and the meteorological sensor is used to measure the temperature of the power line.

[0026] Furthermore, the sensor assembly includes a tension sensor, an ultrasonic thickness gauge, a humidity sensor and a meteorological sensor, the tension sensor is used to measure the tension value of the power line, the ultrasonic thickness gauge is used to perform thickness measurement operations, the humidity sensor is used to measure the humidity of the power line, and the meteorological sensor is used to measure the temperature of the power line.

[0027] Furthermore, an arc-shaped circular tube is arranged between two adjacent pole towers, and the power line is installed through the arc-shaped circular tube.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The present invention starts the thickness measuring device through two criteria, namely, ice thickness and ice photo. In the calculation of ice thickness, for low pressure conditions, the pressure reaction ice thickness is adopted, and for high pressure conditions, the tension reaction ice thickness is adopted. At the same time, the influencing factors of ice thickness are considered in all aspects, so that the obtained pressure value and tension value are more accurate, thereby obtaining a more accurate ice thickness, making an accurate judgment, playing an early warning and alarm role, and improving the accuracy of ice early warning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 It is a front view of the device of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a sensor assembly shown in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a sensor assembly shown in Example 4 of the present invention.

[0034] Description of reference numerals:

[0035] 1. Pole tower; 2. Power line; 3. Pressure sensor; 4. Ultrasonic thickness gauge; 5. Humidity sensor; 6. Meteorological sensor; 7. Imaging device; 8. Transmission device; 9. Solar photovoltaic panel battery; 10. Tension sensor; 11. Insulator string. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. It does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] This embodiment is applicable to ice observation and early warning of power lines 2 below 35 kV.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a convenient ice cover observation and early warning method, including the following steps:

[0040] S1. Detect the real-time temperature and real-time humidity of the power line 2 through the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor 5, and set the temperature threshold and the humidity threshold; when the real-time temperature is less than the temperature threshold, and the real-time humidity is greater than or equal to the humidity threshold, proceed to step S2.

[0041] The temperature threshold is preferably 0°C, and the humidity threshold is preferably 75%RH.

[0042] S2, start the imaging device 7, take a picture of the power line 2, and at the same time the pressure sensor 3 measures the pressure of the power line 2, obtain the ice-covered photo of the power line 2 and the measured pressure value, and transmit the ice-covered photo of the power line 2 and the measured pressure value to the calculation module.

[0043] S3. An ice thickness threshold is set in the calculation module. The calculation module calculates the vertical pressure value of the power line 2 according to the received measured pressure value of the power line 2, thereby obtaining the calculated ice thickness of the power line 2, and compares the calculated ice thickness with the ice thickness threshold. When the calculated ice thickness is greater than the ice thickness threshold and frost is observed on the power line 2 in the ice photo, perform step S4; otherwise, perform steps S1-S3.

[0044] The ice thickness threshold is preferably 3 mm.

[0045] In the calculation module, the vertical pressure value of power line 2 is calculated by the following formula:

[0046] dP0=2×dP1×cos(a);

[0047] In the above formula, P0 represents the vertical pressure value of the power line 2, P1 represents the measured pressure value of the power line 2 measured by the pressure sensor 3; a represents the angle between the tangent at the end of the power line 2 and the horizontal line, which is measured by setting an angle sensor at the end of the power line 2.

[0048] P0 is input into the conversion model, and the conversion model outputs the calculated ice thickness at this time. The method for establishing the conversion model is: obtaining the historical ice thickness and the vertical pressure value of the power line 2, matching each ice thickness with the vertical pressure value of the power line 2 under the ice thickness one by one to form several sample pairs, and using neural network technology to use these several sample pairs for training to obtain the conversion model.

[0049] S4, start the ultrasonic thickness gauge 4 to measure the thickness of the power line 2 to obtain the measured ice thickness.

[0050] After the ultrasonic thickness gauge 4 is started, it performs a thickness measurement operation every set time, and the set time is preferably 2 hours. When the real-time temperature of the power line 2 is greater than the set temperature, the ultrasonic thickness gauge 4 is turned off, and the set temperature is 5°C.

[0051] S5. Set a first warning value and a second warning value, the first warning value is smaller than the second warning value, and compare the measured ice thickness obtained in step S4 with the first warning value and the second warning value; when the measured ice thickness obtained in step S4 is greater than the first warning value, issue a warning signal; when the measured ice thickness obtained in step S4 is greater than the second warning value, issue an alarm signal.

[0052] The method for setting the first warning value is: in an environment where the temperature is less than 0°C and the humidity is greater than or equal to 75% RH, several small iron blocks are evenly hung on the power line 2, and the weight of all the small iron blocks is the same as the weight of ice with a thickness of 1 cm. The pressure value of the pressure sensor 3 at this time is read, and the pressure value is brought into the calculation module to calculate the ice thickness at this time. The ice thickness at this time is recorded as the first warning value.

[0053] The method for setting the second warning value is: in an environment where the temperature is less than 0°C and the humidity is greater than or equal to 75% RH, several small iron blocks are evenly hung on the power line 2, and the weight of all the small iron blocks is the same as the weight of ice with a thickness of 2 cm. The pressure value of the pressure sensor 3 at this time is read, and the pressure value is brought into the calculation module to calculate the ice thickness at this time. The ice thickness at this time is recorded as the second warning value.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] This embodiment is applicable to ice observation and early warning of power lines 2 of 35 kV and above.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a convenient ice cover observation and early warning method, including the following steps:

[0057] S1. Detect the real-time temperature and real-time humidity of the power line 2 through the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor 5, and set the temperature threshold and the humidity threshold; when the real-time temperature is less than the temperature threshold, and the real-time humidity is greater than or equal to the humidity threshold, proceed to step S2.

[0058] The temperature threshold is preferably 0°C, and the humidity threshold is preferably 75%RH.

[0059] S2. Start the imaging device 7 to photograph the power line 2, and use the tension sensor 10 to measure the tension of the power line 2, obtain the ice-covered photos and measured tension values ​​of the power line 2, and transmit the ice-covered photos and measured tension values ​​of the power line 2 to the calculation module.

[0060] S3. An ice thickness threshold is set in the calculation module. The calculation module calculates the vertical tension value of the power line 2 according to the received measured tension value of the power line 2, thereby obtaining the calculated ice thickness of the power line 2, and compares the calculated ice thickness with the ice thickness threshold. When the calculated ice thickness is greater than the ice thickness threshold and frost is observed on the power line 2 in the ice photo, perform step S4; otherwise, perform steps S1-S3.

[0061] The ice thickness threshold is preferably 3 mm.

[0062] In the calculation module, the vertical tension value is calculated by the following formula:

[0063] F0 = 2 × F1 × cos(a);

[0064]

[0065] In the above formula, F0 represents the vertical tension value of the power line 2, F1 represents the measured tension value of the power line 2, which is measured by the tension sensor 10; a represents the angle between the tangent of the end of the power line 2 and the horizontal line, which is measured by setting an angle sensor at the end of the power line 2; W0 represents the horizontal tension of the power line 2, L represents the distance between two adjacent towers 1, S represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the power line 2, γ0 represents the conductor load ratio of the power line 2 in the non-icing state, W1 represents the horizontal tension of the power line 2 under the icing state, E represents the elastic coefficient of the power line 2, ω0 represents the unit length weight of the power line 2 in the non-icing state, ω1 represents the unit length weight of the power line 2 in the icing state, α represents the thermal expansion and contraction coefficient of the power line 2, ΔT1 represents the temperature difference caused by the natural environment between the non-icing state and the icing state of the power line 2, and ΔT2 represents the temperature difference caused by the change of the current carrying capacity of the power line 2 in the non-icing state and the icing state; F represents the vertical tension of the power line 2, and γ1 represents the conductor load ratio of the power line 2 in the icing state.

[0066] F is input into the conversion model, and the conversion model outputs the calculated ice thickness at this time. The method for establishing the conversion model is: obtain the historical ice thickness and the vertical tension value of the power line 2, match each ice thickness with the vertical tension value of the power line 2 under the ice thickness one by one, form several sample pairs, adopt neural network technology, use these several sample pairs for training, and obtain the conversion model.

[0067] S4, start the ultrasonic thickness gauge 4 to measure the thickness of the power line 2 to obtain the measured ice thickness.

[0068] After the ultrasonic thickness gauge 4 is started, it performs a thickness measurement operation every set time, and the set time is preferably 2 hours. When the real-time temperature of the power line 2 is greater than the set temperature, the ultrasonic thickness gauge 4 is turned off, and the set temperature is 5°C.

[0069] S5. Set a first warning value and a second warning value, the first warning value is smaller than the second warning value, and compare the measured ice thickness obtained in step S4 with the first warning value and the second warning value; when the measured ice thickness obtained in step S4 is greater than the first warning value, issue a warning signal; when the measured ice thickness obtained in step S4 is greater than the second warning value, issue an alarm signal.

[0070] The method for setting the first warning value is: in an environment where the temperature is less than 0°C and the humidity is greater than or equal to 75% RH, several small iron blocks are evenly hung on the power line 2, the weight of all the small iron blocks is the same as the weight of ice with a thickness of 1 cm, the tension value of the tension sensor 10 is read at this time, and the tension value is brought into the calculation module to calculate the ice thickness at this time, and the ice thickness at this time is recorded as the first warning value.

[0071] The method for setting the second warning value is: in an environment where the temperature is less than 0°C and the humidity is greater than or equal to 75% RH, several small iron blocks are evenly hung on the power line 2, and the weight of all the small iron blocks is the same as the weight of ice with a thickness of 2 cm. The tension value of the tension sensor 10 is read at this time, and the tension value is brought into the calculation module to calculate the ice thickness at this time. The ice thickness at this time is recorded as the second warning value.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] This embodiment is applicable to ice observation and early warning of power lines 2 of 35 kV and below.

[0074] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a convenient ice observation and early warning system, including a sensor assembly, an imaging device 7, a transmission device 8 and a solar photovoltaic panel battery 9. In this embodiment, the distance between two adjacent pole towers 1 is preferably 20m, an arc-shaped circular tube is set between the two adjacent pole towers 1, and the power line 2 is laid through the arc-shaped circular tube. The sensor assembly and the imaging device 7 are set at a position 20m above the ground on the pole tower 1, and the transmission device 8 is set at a position 2.6m above the ground on the pole tower 1. The solar photovoltaic panel battery 9 is located at the bottom of the pole tower 1. The transmission device 8 is used to transmit the data measured by the sensor assembly and the imaging device 7 to the controller. The controller is also electrically connected to the sensor assembly and the imaging device 7 through the transmission device 8, and a computing module is set in the controller. The imaging device 7 uses a high-definition camera; an arc-shaped circular tube is set, and the power line 2 is set through the arc-shaped circular tube, which can ensure that the pressure on both ends of the power line 2 is the same.

[0075] The sensor assembly includes a pressure sensor 3, an ultrasonic thickness gauge 4, a humidity sensor 5, a meteorological sensor 6 and an angle sensor. The pressure sensor 3 is used to measure the measured pressure value of the power line 2, the ultrasonic thickness gauge 4 is used to measure the measured ice thickness of the power line 2, the humidity sensor 5 is used to measure the humidity of the power line 2, the meteorological sensor 6 is used to measure the six meteorological elements of the power line 2, including the temperature value, and the angle sensor is used to measure the angle between the tangent at the end of the power line 2 and the horizontal line.

[0076] Example 4

[0077] This embodiment is applicable to ice observation and early warning of power lines 2 of 35 kV and above.

[0078] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a convenient ice observation and early warning system, including a sensor assembly, an imaging device 7, a transmission device 8 and a solar photovoltaic panel battery 9. The distance between two adjacent pole towers 1 is set to 30m, an arc-shaped circular tube is set between the two adjacent pole towers 1, and the power line 2 is laid through the arc-shaped circular tube. The sensor assembly and the imaging device 7 are set on the pole tower 1 at a position 20m above the ground, and the transmission device 8 is set on the pole tower 1 at a position 2.6m above the ground. The solar photovoltaic panel battery 9 is located at the bottom of the pole tower 1. The transmission device 8 is used to transmit the data measured by the sensor assembly and the imaging device 7 to the controller. The controller is also electrically connected to the sensor assembly and the imaging device 7 through the transmission device 8, and a computing module is set in the controller. The imaging device 7 uses a high-definition camera; an arc-shaped circular tube is set, and the power line 2 is set through the arc-shaped circular tube, which can ensure that the tension on both ends of the power line 2 is the same.

[0079] Insulator strings 11 are provided at both ends of the power line 2, and the insulator strings 11 are located outside the arc-shaped circular tube. The sensor assembly includes an ultrasonic thickness gauge 4, a humidity sensor 5, a meteorological sensor 6, a tension sensor 10 and an angle sensor. The tension sensor 10 is arranged at the end of the insulator string 11 away from the arc-shaped circular tube; the tension sensor 10 is used to measure the measured tension value of the power line 2, the ultrasonic thickness gauge 4 is used to measure the measured ice thickness of the power line 2, the humidity sensor 5 is used to measure the humidity of the power line 2, the meteorological sensor 6 is used to measure the six meteorological elements of the power line 2, including the temperature value, and the angle sensor is used to measure the angle between the tangent line at the end of the power line 2 and the horizontal line. In this embodiment, two tension sensors 10 are provided, and the tension values ​​measured by the two tension sensors 10 are averaged to represent the tension measured by the power line 2.

[0080] The present invention mainly measures ice thickness and observes ice conditions, while taking into account the collection of six meteorological elements. One device has multiple uses, and ice measurement, observation and alarm are some of the functions. It can also have functions such as weather forecast and wind tower. Automatic control saves labor and electricity. Ice thickness measurement starts the thickness measuring device based on the two criteria of ice thickness and ice photo. In the calculation of ice thickness, for low pressure conditions, pressure is used to react to ice thickness, and for high pressure conditions, tension is used to react to ice thickness. At the same time, the factors affecting ice thickness are considered in all aspects, so that the pressure value and tension value are more accurate, thereby obtaining a more accurate ice thickness, making accurate judgments, playing a role of early warning and alarm, and improving the accuracy of ice warning.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that the above content is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solution of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field do not deviate from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A convenient ice cover observation and early warning method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, measure the real-time temperature and real-time humidity of the power line, set the temperature threshold and the humidity threshold, and when the real-time temperature is less than the temperature threshold and the real-time humidity is greater than or equal to the humidity threshold, proceed to step S2; S2, start the imaging device to take pictures of the power line to obtain ice-covered pictures, and at the same time obtain the measured pressure value or measured tension value of the power line; S3, setting an ice thickness threshold, calculating the vertical pressure value of the power line by measuring the pressure value, or calculating the vertical tension value of the power line by measuring the tension value, calculating the ice thickness according to the vertical pressure value or vertical tension value of the power line, comparing the calculated ice thickness with the ice thickness threshold, when the calculated ice thickness is greater than the ice thickness threshold and frost is observed in the power line in the ice photo, proceed to step S4, otherwise, repeat steps S1-S3; S4, starting the ultrasonic thickness gauge to measure the thickness of the power line to obtain the measured ice thickness; S5. Set a first warning value and a second warning value, compare the measured ice thickness with the first warning value and the second warning value respectively, and issue a warning signal when the measured ice thickness is greater than the first warning value; and issue an alarm signal when the measured ice thickness is greater than the second warning value.

2. A convenient ice observation and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, for power lines below 35 kV, the measured pressure value of the power line is obtained, and for power lines of 35 kV and above, the measured tension value of the power line is obtained.

3. A convenient ice observation and early warning method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vertical pressure value of the power line is calculated by the following formula: dP0=2×dP1×cos(a); In the above formula, P0 represents the vertical pressure value of the power line, P1 represents the measured pressure value of the power line; a represents the angle between the tangent line at the end of the power line and the horizontal line.

4. A convenient ice observation and early warning method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vertical tension value of the power line is calculated by the following formula: F0 = 2 × F1 × cos(a); In the above formula, F0 represents the vertical tension value of the power line, F1 represents the measured tension value of the power line, which is measured by a tension sensor; a represents the angle between the tangent at the end of the power line and the horizontal line, which is measured by setting an angle sensor at the end of the power line; W0 represents the horizontal tension of the power line, L represents the distance between two adjacent towers, S represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the power line, γ0 represents the conductor load ratio of the power line in the non-icing state, W1 represents the horizontal tension of the power line under the icing state, E represents the elastic coefficient of the power line, ω1 represents the unit length weight of the power line in the icing state, ω0 represents the unit length weight of the power line in the non-icing state, α represents the thermal expansion and contraction coefficient of the power line, ΔT1 represents the temperature difference caused by the natural environment between the non-icing state and the icing state of the power line, ΔT2 represents the temperature difference caused by the change of current carrying capacity between the non-icing state and the icing state of the power line; F represents the vertical tension of the power line, γ1 represents the conductor load ratio of the power line in the icing state.

5. A convenient ice observation and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, after the ultrasonic thickness gauge is started, the ultrasonic thickness gauge performs a thickness measurement operation at each set time. When the real-time temperature of the power line is greater than the set temperature, the ultrasonic thickness gauge is turned off.

6. A convenient ice observation and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature threshold in step S1 is 0°C, and the humidity threshold is 75%RH.

7. A convenient ice observation and early warning system, characterized in that: A convenient ice cover observation and early warning method using any one of claims 1-6 includes a sensor component, an imaging device, a transmission device, a solar photovoltaic panel battery and a controller, wherein the sensor component, the imaging device, the transmission device and the solar photovoltaic panel battery are all arranged on a pole tower, the sensor component and the imaging device are both arranged close to a power line, the sensor component and the imaging device are connected to the controller via the transmission device, and the solar photovoltaic panel battery is used to provide power.

8. The convenient ice observation and early warning system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The sensor assembly includes a pressure sensor, an ultrasonic thickness gauge, a humidity sensor and a meteorological sensor. The pressure sensor is used to measure the pressure value of the power line, the ultrasonic thickness gauge is used to perform thickness measurement operations, the humidity sensor is used to measure the humidity of the power line, and the meteorological sensor is used to measure the temperature of the power line.

9. The convenient ice observation and early warning system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The sensor assembly includes a tension sensor, an ultrasonic thickness gauge, a humidity sensor and a meteorological sensor. The tension sensor is used to measure the tension value of the power line, the ultrasonic thickness gauge is used to perform thickness measurement operations, the humidity sensor is used to measure the humidity of the power line, and the meteorological sensor is used to measure the temperature of the power line.

10. The convenient ice observation and early warning system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: An arc-shaped circular tube is arranged between two adjacent pole towers, and the power line is installed through the arc-shaped circular tube.

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