Automatic telescopic sprinkling irrigation wheat no-tillage ridging furrow sowing efficient irrigation method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat planting, and particularly relates to an automatic telescopic sprinkling irrigation wheat no-tillage ridging and furrow sowing efficient irrigation method which comprises the following steps: burying an automatic telescopic sprinkling irrigation mechanism in a field; ditching and ridging are carried out in the field, and no-tillage furrow sowing is carried out on wheat; in the whole growth period of the wheat, the automatic telescopic sprinkling irrigation mechanism is used for irrigation, the irrigation amount Q of each mu furrow is equal to S * W, S is the irrigation area, and W is the water amount required by each unit area; i is the number of soil layers, n is the total number of soil layers, gamma i is the dry bulk density of the soil of the ith layer, Hi is the thickness of the soil of the ith layer, theta i1 and theta i2 are the irrigation index and the timely moisture content of the soil of the ith layer respectively and are calculated according to the percentage accounting for the weight of the dry soil, the irrigation amount is guided through the calculation formula, the growth requirements of crops are met, waste of irrigation water can be avoided, and the yield of the crops is increased. And water-saving irrigation is further realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat planting, and in particular relates to an automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation method for wheat no-tillage ridge-forming and furrow-seeding with high efficiency. Background Art

[0002] The tillage method of winter wheat and summer corn, which is mainly based on tillage, plays an important role in agricultural production in North China. The tillage method will cause high-intensity soil disturbance and expose the surface, resulting in unbalanced soil void ratio, reduced water storage capacity, water evaporation and other problems. A large amount of groundwater is needed for irrigation to ensure the moisture required for wheat growth, and groundwater is overused. The traditional irrigation method is flooding, which has the disadvantages of poor irrigation uniformity and large water waste. In view of the shortcomings of flooding, a method of irrigation using an underground telescopic sprinkler mechanism has emerged in the prior art. The irrigation method is to bury the water supply and distribution pipe network in the underground telescopic sprinkler mechanism below the tillage layer. During irrigation, the sprinkler head automatically extends out of the ground with the help of a telescopic rod, and automatically retracts below the tillage layer after the irrigation is completed. However, in actual use, there is no specific unified implementation standard for irrigation volume, and places where water and fertilizer are concentrated are prone to cause wheat lodging, while areas with insufficient water and fertilizer are likely to affect the normal growth of wheat, resulting in a reduction in wheat production. On the other hand, the return ability of the telescopic rods varies, and nearly 10% of the sprinkler heads and telescopic rods fail to retract into place every year, which increases the difficulty of traditional farming and easily causes damage to the underground telescopic sprinkler equipment. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation method for wheat no-tillage ridge-forming and furrow-seeding, which can achieve water-saving and uniform irrigation, reduce soil disturbance, and increase wheat yield.

[0004] The specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] An automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation method for wheat no-tillage ridge-forming furrow sowing with high efficiency, the key is that it includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. An automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism is buried under the tillage layer, wherein the automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism comprises a water supply and distribution network, telescopic pipes evenly arranged on the water supply and distribution network, and a sprinkler head located at the upper end of the telescopic pipe, wherein the sprinkler head can be extended to a height of 100-120 cm above the ground by means of the telescopic pipe;

[0007] S2, digging furrows and ridges in the field, and carrying out no-till furrow sowing of wheat;

[0008] S3. During the whole growth period of wheat, irrigation is carried out with the help of automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism. The irrigation amount per ditch is Q = S × W, where S is the irrigation area and W is the amount of water required per unit area. The calculation formula of W is Where i is the soil layer number, n is the total number of soil layers, γ i is the dry bulk density of the i-th layer of soil, H i is the thickness of the i-th soil layer, θ i1 and θ i2 are the irrigation index and timely moisture content of the i-th layer of soil respectively and are calculated as a percentage of dry soil weight.

[0009] The soil irrigation index is (75-85)% of the field water holding capacity.

[0010] In the wheat no-till furrow sowing, 30-36 cm is used as a planting belt, two rows of wheat are planted in each planting belt, and the width of the wheat row in the planting belt is 10-14 cm.

[0011] In the wheat no-till furrow sowing, the height from the furrow bottom to the ground surface is 6-10 cm, and the thickness of the soil covering the wheat seeds is 3-4 cm.

[0012] The automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism is located 30-35 cm below the tillage layer.

[0013] The automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism also includes a lifting drive component of the telescopic tube, and the lifting drive component includes a driving motor, a base, a pin wheel and a rigid chain respectively arranged on the base. The telescopic tube is connected to the upper end of the rigid chain, and a guide groove matching the rigid chain is arranged in the base. The pin wheel is transmission-connected to the driving end of the driving motor and meshes with the outer side of the rigid chain for transmission. The rigid chain has the freedom to rise and fall on the base with the help of the pin wheel.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] The present invention combines an underground automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism with furrow sowing technology, so that the water sprayed by the sprinkler head quickly forms runoff in the furrow, which is conducive to uniform irrigation and effectively prevents water and fertilizer accumulation or insufficient water and fertilizer, which can reduce wheat lodging and ensure the consistency of water and fertilizer during wheat growth, thereby increasing wheat yield.

[0016] The wheat planting belt is set within the range of the sprinkler. When sprinkler irrigation is performed, it is not necessary to irrigate the entire field. Only the circular area centered on the sprinkler needs to be irrigated to soak the soil, so as to achieve uniform irrigation of the soil around the crop root system and improve the utilization rate of irrigation water for wheat. The soaked area accounts for about 78.5% of the field area, reducing the actual soaked area. The water flow can be quickly realized with the help of the groove, thus achieving water-saving and uniform irrigation, and preventing the wheat from lodging due to excessive water and fertilizer in the sprinkler circle.

[0017] The present invention provides a guiding equation for the irrigation amount per unit area, which can quickly determine the amount of water required for a single irrigation, thereby meeting the growth needs of crops and avoiding the waste of irrigation water, thereby further realizing water-saving irrigation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the field after no-till furrow sowing;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the lifting drive assembly and the telescopic tube;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting drive assembly;

[0022] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base;

[0023] In the attached drawings, 1. water supply and distribution network, 2. telescopic pipe, 3. nozzle, 4. driving motor, 5. base, 6. pin wheel, 7. rigid chain, 8. guide groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0025] A specific embodiment of the invention is an efficient irrigation method for wheat no-tillage ridge-forming and furrow-seeding with automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, an automatic telescopic sprinkler mechanism is buried 35-40 cm below the tillage layer, that is, the distance from the highest point of the automatic telescopic sprinkler mechanism to the bottom of the tillage layer is 35-40 cm, and the automatic telescopic sprinkler mechanism includes a water supply and distribution network 1, telescopic pipes 2 evenly arranged on the water supply and distribution network 1, and a sprinkler head 3 located at the upper end of the telescopic pipe 2. The sprinkler head 3 can be extended to a height of 100-120 cm above the ground with the help of the telescopic pipe 2;

[0027] S2. Ditching and ridge-forming are carried out in the field, and no-till furrow sowing of wheat is carried out. The no-till furrow sowing of wheat adopts a wide and narrow row planting mode, with 32 cm as a planting belt, and two rows of wheat are planted in each planting belt. The width of the wheat row in the planting belt furrow is 12 cm, and the average row spacing is 16 cm. In the no-till furrow sowing, the soil is dug from the surface to open a furrow. The height from the bottom of the furrow to the surface is about 8 cm, and the thickness of the soil covering the wheat seeds is 3-4 cm. The range diameter of the sprinkler 3 is 11-13 m, and the wheat planting belt is located in a rectangle with the diameter of the sprinkler 3 as the side length;

[0028] S3. During the whole growth period of wheat, irrigation is carried out with the help of automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism. The irrigation amount per ditch is Q = S × W, where S is the irrigation area and W is the amount of water required per unit area. The calculation formula of W is Where i is the soil layer number, n is the total number of soil layers, γ i is the dry bulk density of the i-th layer of soil, H i is the thickness of the i-th soil layer, θ i1 and θ i2 They are respectively the irrigation index of the i-th layer of soil (accounting for 80% of the field water holding capacity) and the timely moisture content and are calculated as a percentage of the dry soil weight.

[0029] The soil bulk density of 0-100cm soil was 1.53g / cm 3 , field water holding capacity is 27.93%, 80% field water holding capacity is 22.34%, the timely soil moisture content of 0-100cm soil body in wheat jointing period is 18.15%, substitute the above data into the calculation formula

[0030] W=10*1.53*(22.34-18.15)=64.1mm,

[0031] If all acres of soil are irrigated, the obtained W is converted into m 3 , the irrigation volume per mu is 42.7m 3 / mu;

[0032] The ratio of wheat ridges and furrows to area is 20:12;

[0033] The proportion of the area occupied by the wheat field ridge is 12 / (10+12)=0.372≈0.4;

[0034] According to the no-till technology, the irrigation amount per ditch is:

[0035] Q=42.7m 3 / mu*0.4=17m 3 / mu, the amount of water saved per acre in a single irrigation is about 25m 3 .

[0036] The range of the sprinkler is about 12m, and the flow rate of each sprinkler is 2m 3 / h, 5 sprinklers need to be installed per mu, and the water output of a single well is 45m 3 / h, each well can control about 4.5 acres of land at the same time;

[0037] Since the irrigation volume per acre is 17m 3 / mu, 4.5 mu needs 77m3 of irrigation 3 , single well watering 45m 3 / h, 4.5 acres need 1.7 hours of irrigation time, and the irrigation time per acre is about 0.38 hours.

[0038] According to conventional irrigation, the whole field needs to be soaked, with an irrigation volume of 42.7m per mu. 3 / mu, single well water output 45m 3The irrigation time per mu is about 1h.

[0039] It can be seen that this method can meet the water demand of wheat while significantly reducing the amount of irrigation, thereby reducing labor costs and the single-well rotation irrigation cycle.

[0040] Furthermore, the method can also utilize the opened grooves to collect rainwater.

[0041] In 2023, the wheat yield using the traditional irrigation method is 510 kg / mu; the wheat yield using the irrigation method of this embodiment is 493 kg / mu. Under the condition of water-saving irrigation, the yield of the irrigation method of this embodiment is reduced compared with the traditional irrigation method, but the difference is less than 5%, and the yield difference is not significant, which can be regarded as water-saving conditions without reduction in yield.

[0042] Wheat is irrigated twice in spring during the entire growth period, saving 51m3 of irrigation water per mu 3 . It greatly improves the utilization efficiency of spring irrigation water.

[0043] The automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism is buried under the tillage layer, which does not affect the tillage of agricultural machinery in the field. Operations such as ditching, sowing, and fertilizing are not affected by the automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism, and the automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism is not easily crushed by agricultural machinery when walking in the field; the automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism integrates the telescopic pipe 2 and the sprinkler head 3 as one, and has the functions of pushing the ground from the underground and spraying water. There is no need to find the field water outlet position for connecting the sprinkler head during irrigation, which can greatly reduce labor intensity and improve work efficiency; the height that the sprinkler head 3 can extend out of the ground not only meets the irrigation needs of the entire growth period of wheat, but also meets the irrigation needs of the corn seedling stage, thereby improving the utilization rate of the automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism.

[0044] Compared with tillage, the no-till furrow sowing method effectively reduces soil disturbance, increases the coverage area of ​​the previous crop straw on the ground, and improves the soil's water storage capacity; the furrows can not only collect snow and water, but also drain excess rainwater in the fields in time during the rainy season to reduce waterlogging; wheat is sown in furrows, and the ridges on both sides are silted down, and the internodes at the base of the wheat in the furrows are piled up to enhance the stability of the wheat plants and improve their resistance to lodging; on the other hand, the no-till furrow sowing method effectively reduces the number of tillage times and reduces the probability of damage to underground telescopic sprinkler equipment.

[0045] The automatic telescopic sprinkler mechanism used in this embodiment also includes a lifting drive component of the telescopic pipe 2, which is located between the grids of the water distribution network and adjacent to the telescopic pipe 2. Figure 3-5As shown, the lifting drive assembly includes a driving motor 4, a base 5, a pin wheel 6 and a rigid chain 7 respectively arranged on the base 5, the upper end of the telescopic tube 2 is connected to the upper end of the rigid chain 7, and a conical plug can be provided on the upper end of the rigid chain 7 to facilitate the top-breaking of relatively dense soil, thereby pushing it out of the ground surface. A guide groove 8 matching the rigid chain 7 is provided in the base 5, the pin wheel 6 is transmission-connected to the driving end of the driving motor 4 and meshes with the outer side of the rigid chain 7 for transmission, and the rigid chain 7 has the freedom of lifting and lowering on the base 5 by the drive of the pin wheel 6, and the rigid chain 7 is guided by the guide groove 8 to ensure that the rigid chain 7 smoothly enters and exits the base 5, and the guide groove 8 includes a longitudinal guide groove, an arc guide groove and a transverse guide groove connected in sequence, and the longitudinal guide groove is matched with the outlet of the base 5, and the rigid chain 7 is guided by the longitudinal guide groove and extends upward from the base 5 to maintain a vertical state. The power supply of the driving motor 4 is located outside the plot, and an underground pipe is laid under the soil. The driving motor 4 is connected to the power supply via a wire inserted in the underground pipe. The lifting and lowering of the telescopic tube 2 are all driven by the lifting drive assembly, which effectively avoids the occurrence of a situation where the telescopic tube 2 cannot be effectively extended and retracted.

[0046] The telescopic tube 2 of the existing underground telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism needs a large water pressure to be pushed out of the ground, which makes it difficult to control the water spraying time and the infiltration area of ​​the sprinkler head 3, and it is easy to cause water and fertilizer inconsistency and water and fertilizer waste. When the automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism in this embodiment is working, the driving motor 4 drives the pin wheel 6 to rotate forward, and the pin wheel 6 drives the rigid chain 7 to extend vertically upward from the base 5. The telescopic tube 2 rises upward with the rigid chain 7 and pushes out of the ground, canceling the relationship between the lifting of the telescopic tube 2 and the sprinkler head 3 and the water pressure. The water pressure, water output and water spraying time of the sprinkler head 3 when spraying water are easy to control, thereby ensuring that the water spraying water volume and the range are adapted to achieve water-saving irrigation; after the irrigation is completed, the driving motor 4 drives the pin wheel 6 to reverse, and forcibly drives the rigid chain 7 to carry the telescopic tube 2 to retract into the base 5, effectively avoiding equipment damage caused by the failure of the telescopic tube 2 to be completely reset.

Claims

1. An automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation method for wheat no-tillage ridge-forming furrow sowing with high efficiency, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. An automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism is buried under the tillage layer, wherein the automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism comprises a water supply and distribution network (1), telescopic pipes (2) evenly arranged on the water supply and distribution network (1), and a sprinkler head (3) located at the upper end of the telescopic pipe (2), wherein the sprinkler head (3) can be extended to a height of 100-120 cm above the ground by means of the telescopic pipe (2); S2, digging furrows and ridges in the field, and sowing wheat in furrows without tillage; S3. During the whole growth period of wheat, irrigation is carried out with the help of automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism. The irrigation amount per ditch is Q = S × W, where S is the irrigation area and W is the amount of water required per unit area. The calculation formula of W is Where i is the soil layer number, n is the total number of soil layers, γ i is the dry bulk density of the i-th layer of soil, H i is the thickness of the i-th soil layer, θ i1 and θ i2 are the irrigation index and timely moisture content of the i-th layer of soil respectively and are calculated as a percentage of dry soil weight.

2. The automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation method for wheat no-tillage ridge-forming furrow sowing according to claim 1 is characterized by: The irrigation index is (75-85)% of the field water holding capacity.

3. The automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation method for wheat no-tillage ridge-forming furrow sowing according to claim 2 is characterized by: In the wheat no-till furrow sowing, 30-36 cm is used as a planting belt, two rows of wheat are planted in each planting belt, and the width of the wheat row in the planting belt is 10-14 cm.

4. The automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation method for wheat no-tillage ridge-forming and furrow-seeding high-efficiency irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the wheat no-till furrow sowing, the height from the furrow bottom to the ground surface is 6-10 cm, and the thickness of the soil covering the wheat seeds is 3-4 cm.

5. The automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation method for wheat no-tillage ridge-forming and furrow-sowing high-efficiency irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism is located 30-35 cm below the tillage layer.

6. The automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation method for wheat no-tillage ridge-forming and furrow-seeding high-efficiency irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic telescopic sprinkler irrigation mechanism further comprises a lifting drive assembly of the telescopic tube (2), the lifting drive assembly comprising a driving motor (4), a base (5), a pin wheel (6) and a rigid chain (7) respectively arranged on the base (5), the telescopic tube (2) is connected to the upper end of the rigid chain (7), a guide groove (8) matching the rigid chain (7) is arranged in the base (5), the pin wheel (6) is drivingly connected to the driving end of the driving motor (4) and meshes with the outer side of the rigid chain (7), and the rigid chain (7) has the freedom to rise and fall on the base (5) by driving the pin wheel (6).

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