Fruit tree anti-stripping protective agent as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a fruit tree anti-stripping protective agent as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of fruit tree production. The fruit tree anti-stripping protective agent is prepared from 6-8 parts of a Chinese pine leaf extracting solution, 10-14 parts of a radix peucedani extracting solution, 8-12 parts of a chrysanthemum extracting solution, 3-5 parts of a schisandra chinensis extracting solution, 1-3 parts of 5% uniconazole wettable powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of a 5% prohexadione calcium suspending agent, 10-12 parts of chitosan, 8-10 parts of algal polysaccharides and 100-200 parts of water. The method is easy to operate and good in sprouting prevention and treatment effect, fruit tree sprouting can be remarkably reduced when the method is used 40 days before sprouting and 20 days before sprouting, and branch sprouting is not affected after the method is used.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree production, and in particular to a fruit tree anti-sprouting protective agent and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fruit tree shoot pulling refers to the phenomenon that the epidermis of fruit tree branches shrinks and dies due to water loss in winter and spring. In fruit tree production, fruit tree shoot pulling is a common phenomenon, especially in young orchards in northern and northwest my country. It occurs in deciduous fruit trees such as pears, apples, grapes, peaches, walnuts, pomegranates, and plums. It usually occurs in 1-5 year old fruit trees. As the age of the tree increases, the shoot pulling phenomenon will gradually decrease. In some years, mature trees will also experience shoot pulling. Shoot pulling mainly occurs from mid-February to late April, and the period of occurrence is different in different regions. Shoot pulling is caused by low soil temperature, low humidity, and dry air in winter and spring. The rate of water loss in fruit tree branches is greater than the rate of water absorption by the roots, resulting in water imbalance in the tree body, and eventually leading to the drying and death of branches. Shoot pulling will cause the loss of branches in newly built orchards, affecting the cultivation of tree shape. Severe shoot pulling will directly lead to the death of young trees and the failure of orchard construction. Shoot pulling in fruiting trees will reduce the fruiting parts and affect yield.

[0003] Pear and apple are the main fruit tree species cultivated in my country, and shoot growth is common in the northern production areas. Over the years, research on the prevention and control of fruit tree shoot growth has been extensive, and many measures to prevent shoot growth have been proposed, such as burying young trees in the soil for wintering, controlling water in autumn to control the growth of autumn shoots, and covering orchards. However, these methods are generally time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the effect of preventing shoot growth is poor.

[0004] In recent years, a method of spraying protective agents to prevent and treat shoot withdrawal has emerged. Spraying protective agents have the advantages of convenient operation, labor saving, etc., but there are few related research reports. Based on this, providing a fruit tree shoot withdrawal prevention protective agent that is easy to operate and has a good anti-sprouting effect is a technical problem that people in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a fruit tree anti-stem-sprouting protective agent and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The invention provides a fruit tree anti-stem-sprouting protective agent. The raw material components and weight proportions of the fruit tree anti-stem-sprouting protective agent are: 6-8 parts of Pinus tabulaeformis leaf extract, 10-14 parts of Peucedanum peucedanum root extract, 8-12 parts of chrysanthemum extract, 3-5 parts of Schisandra chinensis extract, 1-3 parts of 5% uniconazole wettable powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of 5% prohexadione calcium suspension, 10-12 parts of chitosan, 8-10 parts of seaweed polysaccharide and 100-200 parts of water.

[0008] Furthermore, the raw material components and weight proportions of the fruit tree anti-sprouting protective agent are: 7 parts of Pinus tabulaeformis leaf extract, 12 parts of Peucedanum peucedanum root extract, 10 parts of chrysanthemum extract, 4 parts of Schisandra chinensis extract, 2 parts of 5% uniconazole wettable powder, 1.0 part of 5% calcium procyclate suspension, 11 parts of chitosan, 9 parts of seaweed polysaccharide, and 150 parts of water.

[0009] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a fruit tree anti-stem-sprouting protective agent, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0010] S1: Take all the raw materials by weight for later use;

[0011] S2: Under heating conditions, add Pinus tabulaeformis leaf extract, Peucedanum peucedanum root extract, Chrysanthemum extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, 5% uniclobutrazol wettable powder, 5% calcium procyclate suspension, chitosan and seaweed polysaccharide into water, stir to mix evenly, and obtain a fruit tree anti-shoot protectant.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, the heating temperature is 65-75° C. and the stirring time is 30-40 min.

[0013] The invention also provides a fruit tree shoot-sprouting protection agent for use in preventing the shoot-sprouting of fruit trees.

[0014] Furthermore, the method for using the anti-stem-sprouting protective agent is: spraying or brushing the anti-stem-sprouting protective agent on the branches of fruit trees 40 days and 20 days before the budding of fruit trees, respectively.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] In the present invention, the extract of Pinus tabulaeformis leaves has the effect of inhibiting stem growth and enhancing stress resistance, the extract of Peucedanum peucedanum contains coumarin, has the effect of inhibiting growth, inhibiting bacteria and enhancing stress resistance, the extract of Chrysanthemum contains substances such as tricin, has the effect of anti-oxidation and inhibiting growth, the extract of Schisandra chinensis contains substances such as schisandrae, has the effect of capturing oxygen free radicals and enhancing antioxidant capacity, the uniconazole has the effect of delaying plant growth and inhibiting stem elongation, the calcium prohexadione has the effect of inhibiting plant leggy growth, enhancing stress resistance and disease resistance, and the chitosan and seaweed polysaccharide can improve the antioxidant capacity on the one hand, and have film-forming property on the other hand, and can form a protective film on the surface of the branches to prevent water loss. The fruit tree anti-sprouting agent of the present invention is simple to operate and has a good effect of preventing and controlling the sprouting. It can significantly reduce the fruit tree sprouting when used 40 days and 20 days before budding, and has no effect on the sprouting of branches after use. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0018] The instruments, reagents, materials, etc. involved in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional instruments, reagents, materials, etc. in the prior art and can be obtained through regular commercial channels. The experimental methods, detection methods, etc. involved in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional experimental methods, detection methods, etc. in the prior art.

[0019] In this embodiment, the preparation method of the pine leaf extract, the peucedanum root extract, the chrysanthemum extract, and the schisandra chinensis extract is as follows: wash and dry the pine leaves, the peucedanum root, the chrysanthemum, and the schisandra chinensis, respectively, cut them into pieces, and then heat and reflux and extract them with 10 times the volume of 70% ethanol for 90 minutes, pour out the extract, repeat the extraction 3 times, and combine the extracts to obtain the extract.

[0020] In this embodiment:

[0021] Preparation method of potassium humate: Weigh 50g potassium hydroxide, dissolve it in water and transfer it to a 1000ml volumetric flask, adjust the volume to make a 5% potassium hydroxide solution. Weigh 130g humic acid (humic acid content 60%) and transfer it to a 2L beaker, add 5% potassium hydroxide solution to 1L, stir the reaction thoroughly to make potassium humate mother liquor.

[0022] Preparation method of lime sulfur mixture: Weigh 100g of lime sulfur mixture crystals (active ingredient content 45%), add water to 1000mL, stir thoroughly to dissolve, which is the lime sulfur mixture mother liquor.

[0023] Preparation method of carboxymethyl cellulose: weigh 6 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, dissolve it in water, and make the volume to 1000 mL to prepare a 0.6% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose mother solution.

[0024] Preparation method of liquid mulch: Take 300mL of Jinhe liquid mulch, add 700mL of water, and prepare a 30% mother liquor.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] The present embodiment provides a fruit tree anti-stem-sprouting protective agent, the raw material components and weight proportions of the fruit tree anti-stem-sprouting protective agent are: 6 parts of Pinus tabulaeformis leaf extract, 10 parts of Peucedanum peucedanum root extract, 8 parts of Chrysanthemum extract, 3 parts of Schisandra chinensis extract, 1 part of 5% uniconazole wettable powder, 0.5 parts of 5% calcium procyclate suspension, 10 parts of chitosan, 8 parts of seaweed polysaccharide, and 100 parts of water.

[0027] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a fruit tree anti-stem-sprouting protective agent, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0028] S1: Take all the raw materials by weight for later use;

[0029] S2: At 65°C, add Pinus tabulaeformis leaf extract, Peucedanum peucedanum root extract, Chrysanthemum extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, 5% uniclobutrazol wettable powder, 5% calcium cyclohexadione suspension, chitosan and seaweed polysaccharide into water and stir for 30 minutes to mix evenly to obtain a fruit tree shoot-sprouting protective agent.

[0030] The present embodiment also provides a fruit tree anti-shoot sprouting protective agent for use in preventing fruit tree shoot sprouting. The method of using the anti-shoot sprouting protective agent is as follows: spray or apply the fruit tree anti-shoot sprouting protective agent on the branches of the fruit trees 40 days and 20 days before the fruit trees sprout, respectively.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] The present embodiment provides a fruit tree anti-stem-sprouting protective agent, the raw material components and weight proportions of the fruit tree anti-stem-sprouting protective agent are: 7 parts of Pinus tabulaeformis leaf extract, 12 parts of Peucedanum peucedanum root extract, 10 parts of Chrysanthemum extract, 4 parts of Schisandra chinensis extract, 2 parts of 5% uniconazole wettable powder, 1 part of 5% calcium cyclohexadione suspension, 11 parts of chitosan, 9 parts of seaweed polysaccharide, and 150 parts of water.

[0033] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a fruit tree anti-stem-sprouting protective agent, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0034] S1: Take all the raw materials by weight for later use;

[0035] S2: At 70°C, add Pinus tabulaeformis leaf extract, Peucedanum peucedanum root extract, Chrysanthemum extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, 5% uniclobutrazol wettable powder, 5% calcium cyclohexadione suspension, chitosan and seaweed polysaccharide into water and stir for 35 minutes to mix evenly to obtain a fruit tree shoot-sprouting protective agent.

[0036] The present embodiment also provides a fruit tree anti-shoot sprouting protective agent for use in preventing fruit tree shoot sprouting. The method of using the anti-shoot sprouting protective agent is as follows: spray or apply the fruit tree anti-shoot sprouting protective agent on the branches of the fruit trees 40 days and 20 days before the fruit trees sprout, respectively.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] The present embodiment provides a fruit tree anti-stem-sprouting protective agent, the raw material components and weight proportions of the fruit tree anti-stem-sprouting protective agent are: 8 parts of Pinus tabulaeformis leaf extract, 14 parts of Peucedanum peucedanum root extract, 12 parts of Chrysanthemum extract, 5 parts of Schisandra chinensis extract, 3 parts of 5% uniconazole wettable powder, 1.5 parts of 5% calcium procyclate suspension, 12 parts of chitosan, 10 parts of seaweed polysaccharide, and 200 parts of water.

[0039] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a fruit tree anti-stem-sprouting protective agent, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0040] S1: Take all the raw materials by weight for later use;

[0041] S2: At 75°C, add Pinus tabulaeformis leaf extract, Peucedanum peucedanum root extract, Chrysanthemum extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, 5% uniclobutrazol wettable powder, 5% calcium cyclohexadione suspension, chitosan and seaweed polysaccharide into water and stir for 40 minutes to mix evenly to obtain a fruit tree shoot-sprouting protective agent.

[0042] The present embodiment also provides a fruit tree anti-shoot sprouting protective agent for use in preventing fruit tree shoot sprouting. The method of using the anti-shoot sprouting protective agent is as follows: spray or apply the fruit tree anti-shoot sprouting protective agent on the branches of the fruit trees 40 days and 20 days before the fruit trees sprout, respectively.

[0043] Comparative Example 1

[0044] The Pinus tabulaeformis leaf extract, Peucedanum peucedanum root extract, Chrysanthemum flower extract and Schisandra chinensis fruit extract in Example 2 were replaced with potassium humate, and the other raw material formulas and methods remained unchanged.

[0045] Comparative Example 2

[0046] The 5% uniconazole wettable powder and 5% prohexadione-calcium suspension in Example 2 were replaced with lime sulfur, and the other raw material formulas and methods remained unchanged.

[0047] Comparative Example 3

[0048] The chitosan and seaweed polysaccharide in Example 2 were replaced by carboxymethyl cellulose and liquid mulch film, and the other raw material formulas and methods remained unchanged.

[0049] Comparative Example 4

[0050] The entire formula of Example 2 was replaced with clean water.

[0051] The fruit tree anti-sprouting protective agents of the above Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were tested as follows:

[0052] 1. In vitro branch experiment

[0053] 35 annual branches of Zaosu pear and Yanfu No. 6 apple of basically the same length and thickness were selected, and the base was placed in water to fully absorb water for 40 minutes to make the initial water content of the branches consistent. The branches were quickly cut into small segments of 20 cm in length, divided into 7 groups of 5, marked, and the fruit tree anti-sprouting protective agents of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were applied on the surface of the branches with a small brush, and the surfaces were dried and weighed with an electronic balance (accuracy 0.0001g), and then placed in a light incubator, set the temperature to 16°C, and keep all branches in the same environment, weighed once at 11 am and 3 pm every day, and weighed continuously for 8 days, and the water loss rate of the branches with different treatments was calculated. The calculation results are shown in Table 1.

[0054] Table 1 Water loss rate results (average value)

[0055]

[0056] It can be seen from the results of the annual branch water loss rate of Zaosu pear and Yanfu No. 6 apple in Table 1 that compared with the clear water in comparative example 4, the other anti-branching protective agent formulas can reduce the water loss rate of fruit tree branches. Among them, the water loss rates of Zaosu pear and Yanfu No. 6 apple using comparative examples 1-3 protective agents were 24.9%-29.5% and 27.8%-33.5% in 8 days, respectively; while the water loss rates of Zaosu pear and Yanfu No. 6 apple using examples 1-3 protective agents were 10.6%-12.5% ​​and 12.7%-13.5% in 8 days, respectively. It can be seen that the anti-branching protective agents of examples 1-3 have a better effect in preventing water loss in fruit trees, among which the protective agent of example 2 has the best effect in preventing water loss.

[0057] 2. Field trials

[0058] The experimental orchard is located in Xiashuang Town, Liangzhou District, Wuwei City, Gansu Province, at the base of Wuwei Forestry Science Research Institute. The early pear orchard was grafted and established in 2020, and the apple orchard was established in 2019. The seedlings were planted and established, and the variety source was Gansu Jingning Fruit Research Institute. The pear and apple trees are both free spindle-shaped, with a plant spacing of 2×4m, moderate tree vigor, and medium management level. 210 annual branches of early pear and Yanfu No. 6 apple were selected, and 30 branches were treated with the fruit tree anti-stripping protective agent of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4, respectively. They were sprayed twice on February 9, 2021 (40 days before budding) and March 1 (20 days before budding), and the stripping situation was investigated on April 20, expressed as the stripping index. The stripping level is set to 4 levels (0-3 levels), and level 0 is a normal branch without stripping. Level 1 is mild shoot growth, the shoot growth length is within 1 / 2 of the branch length, Level 2 is moderate shoot growth, the shoot growth length is within 2 / 3 of the branch length. Level 3 is severe shoot growth, all branches die. Shoot growth index = Σx i y i / (x max Σyi )×100%(x i is the number of extraction stages, y i is the number of branches corresponding to the shoot stage), the results are shown in Table 2; after the trees entered the new shoot growth period in May, the budding of branches under different treatments was investigated, and the effects of protective agents on branch budding were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0059] Table 2 Results of the stranding index (average value)

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] From the results in Table 2, it can be seen that the shoot index of the one-year-old branches of Zaosu pear and Yanfu No. 6 apple treated with the protective agent of Examples 1-3 is 1.8%-2.9% and 3.9%-4.7% respectively; the shoot index of the one-year-old branches of Zaosu pear and Yanfu No. 6 apple treated with the protective agent of Comparative Examples 1-3 is 12.7%-20.4% and 13.3%-25.7% respectively. From this result, it can be seen that the shoot index of Examples 1-3 is significantly lower than that of Comparative Examples 1-3, and the fruit tree shoot-proof protective agent of Examples 1-3 has a good anti-shooing effect, especially Example 2 is the best, which is consistent with the conclusion drawn from the indoor experiment.

[0063] Table 3 Germination rate results (average value)

[0064] Zaosu pear budding rate / % Yanfu No. 6 apple germination rate / % Example 1 85.1 49.4 Example 2 86.2 49.8 Example 3 85.7 49.2 Comparative Example 1 84.2 48.5 Comparative Example 2 84.6 48.9 Comparative Example 3 83.7 49.2 Comparative Example 4 84.1 49.1

[0065] From the results in Table 3, it can be seen that the germination rate of Zaosu pear treated with the protective agent of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 is 83.7%-86.2%, and the germination rate of Yanfu No. 6 apple is 48.5%-49.8%. It can be seen that the treatment with the protective agent of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 has no effect on the germination of the annual branches of Zaosu pear and Yanfu No. 6 apple.

[0066] In summary, the fruit tree anti-shoot protection agent of this embodiment is simple to operate and has a good effect in preventing and controlling shoot sprouting. It can significantly reduce the shoot sprouting of fruit trees when used 40 days and 20 days before budding, and has no effect on branch sprouting after use.

[0067] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fruit tree anti-sprouting protective agent, characterized in that: The raw material components and weight proportions of the fruit tree anti-stem-sprouting protective agent are: 6-8 parts of Pinus tabulaeformis leaf extract, 10-14 parts of Peucedanum peucedanum root extract, 8-12 parts of chrysanthemum extract, 3-5 parts of Schisandra chinensis extract, 1-3 parts of 5% uniconazole wettable powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of 5% prohexadione calcium suspension, 10-12 parts of chitosan, 8-10 parts of seaweed polysaccharide and 100-200 parts of water.

2. The fruit tree anti-sprouting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw material components and weight proportions of the fruit tree anti-stem sprouting protective agent are: 7 parts of Pinus tabulaeformis leaf extract, 12 parts of Peucedanum peucedanum root extract, 10 parts of chrysanthemum extract, 4 parts of Schisandra chinensis extract, 2 parts of 5% uniconazole wettable powder, 1.0 part of 5% prohexadione calcium suspension, 11 parts of chitosan, 9 parts of seaweed polysaccharide and 150 parts of water.

3. A method for preparing the fruit tree anti-sprouting agent according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1: Take all the raw materials by weight for later use; S2: Under heating conditions, add Pinus tabulaeformis leaf extract, Peucedanum peucedanum root extract, Chrysanthemum extract, Schisandra chinensis extract, 5% uniclobutrazol wettable powder, 5% calcium procyclate suspension, chitosan and seaweed polysaccharide into water, stir to mix evenly, and obtain a fruit tree anti-shoot protectant.

4. The method for preparing a fruit tree anti-sprouting agent according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the heating temperature is 65-75° C. and the stirring time is 30-40 min.

5. Use of the fruit tree shoot-sprouting protective agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2 in preventing shoot-sprouting of fruit trees.

6. The use of a fruit tree anti-sprouting agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for using the anti-branch-sprouting protective agent is as follows: spraying or brushing the anti-branch-sprouting protective agent on the branches of fruit trees 40 days and 20 days before the budding of fruit trees respectively.

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