Animal feed prepared by taking sugarcane as raw material

Abstract

The invention discloses an animal feed prepared by taking sugarcane as a raw material, and relates to the technical field of animal feeds, and the animal feed is prepared by the following process: step a, cutting sugarcane into sections; step b, tearing; step c, squeezing; step d1, sugarcane fiber treatment; step d2, clear juice filtration and evaporation concentration, wherein the step d2 and the step d1 are carried out synchronously; and step e, mixing, dewatering and drying. The preparation process is optimized and adjusted based on an existing conventional preparation assembly line, preparation time consumption is shortened as much as possible, extra processing equipment needs are reduced, equipment versatility is achieved, cost is reduced as much as possible, economic benefits are improved, meanwhile, the sugarcane crude fiber feed is further treated and improved, and the palatability of the feed is improved; the prepared feed can promote digestion and absorption of animals and meet the feeding standard of ruminants, and the herbivorous animal feed which is wide in source, capable of being continuously and industrially produced, good in palatability and high in digestibility is provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, in particular to an animal feed prepared by taking sugar cane as a raw material. Background Art

[0002] Usually, the main fiber raw materials of high-quality crude fiber feed are alfalfa and oat grass. In addition, some crude fiber feeds are low-quality roughages such as corn silage and rice straw, which have poor nutritional content and low energy. Roughage is an indispensable part of the daily diet. It is of great significance to the physical health and production of animals, especially some ruminants. Maintaining a reasonable proportion of high-quality roughage can promote rumination, provide sufficient nutrients, ensure animal health, and improve overall economic benefits.

[0003] As an important sugar-producing crop, sugarcane has a high sugar content and can provide sufficient nutrients. In addition, it has a rough texture and a high cellulose content. There is now a sugarcane fiber feed prepared with sugarcane as raw material, such as CN103719614B. When sugarcane is used as a roughage, in addition to cellulose and hemicellulose, bagasse also contains a large amount of lignin tightly bonded to cellulose, which is mainly composed of cellulose (40-45%), hemicellulose (28-30%) and lignin (19-21%). Cellulose is the main component of sugarcane, but due to factors such as lignin, the digestibility of bagasse is relatively low for ruminants, and its taste and nutritional value are also very unsatisfactory. As a feed resource, it has the characteristics of poor palatability, low nutrients, and low digestibility. The feed intake of animals directly fed is low, so the feeding value of sugarcane is not high. Most of the bagasse after sugar cane sugar production is burned as fuel. In general, the utilization rate of bagasse is not high and the added value is low. It is necessary to find a new way to solve this problem. If its feeding rate and nutritional content can be increased, bagasse as ruminant feed will become an important way to alleviate the problem of food competition between humans and animals and increase the source of feed varieties, which is also in line with the long-term development goal of my country's animal husbandry. How to rationally utilize this huge green resource has important practical significance and theoretical research value.

[0004] In view of this, in order to address the above problems, innovative designs and in-depth research were carried out based on the original animal feed prepared with sugarcane as raw material, which led to the present case. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an animal feed prepared with sugarcane as raw material, so as to solve the problem in the above background technology that the crude fiber feed of sugarcane lacks processing, has poor palatability, low nutrients, low digestibility, and additional processing and addition of feed ingredients affect the cost and economic benefits.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an animal feed prepared with sugarcane as raw material, wherein the feed is prepared by the following process:

[0007] Step a: Cut sugarcane into sections

[0008] Cut fresh sugarcane into 5-15 cm long segments;

[0009] Step b: tear

[0010] tearing the sugarcane segments in step a into sugarcane fibers;

[0011] Step c: Squeeze

[0012] The sugarcane fibers in step b are squeezed by a squeezing device to obtain sugarcane fibers and clear juice having a water content of less than 60%;

[0013] Step d1: Sugarcane fiber processing

[0014] The squeezed sugarcane fiber in step c is placed in a NaOH solution with a concentration of 5%-8% and stirred by a stirring device for alkali treatment, and is immersed and stirred evenly for 5-15 minutes at 20° C.-45° C.;

[0015] The soaked and stirred sugarcane fibers are sent back to the extrusion equipment for extrusion to remove the alkali solution;

[0016] Step d2: Filtration and evaporation of clear juice

[0017] Step d2 and step d1 are performed simultaneously, the clear juice squeezed in step c is filtered to separate the residue, and the filtered sugarcane juice is evaporated and concentrated to obtain a syrup with a concentration of 60-80%;

[0018] Step e: Mixing and dehydration

[0019] The treated sugarcane fiber obtained in step d1 is put into the stirring device again, and mixed with the syrup and filter residue obtained in step d2, and then sent into the dryer for dehydration and drying with hot flue gas at 110-500°C to obtain high-energy sugarcane fiber feed with a moisture content of 8-15%, i.e. the finished product.

[0020] Preferably, the raw material sugarcane in step a is whole sugarcane, that is, from the bottom to the top of the sugarcane and including the sugarcane leaves.

[0021] Preferably, the sugarcane fiber in step b is sugarcane fiber residue with a particle size of 0.3-0.6 cm after being crushed.

[0022] Preferably, when the sugarcane fibers after squeezing in step c and soaking and stirring in step d1 are sent back to the squeezing equipment for squeezing, the squeezing equipment is kept at the maximum pressure for more than 5 minutes, and the moisture content of the sugarcane fibers after squeezing is 45%-55%.

[0023] Preferably, the sugarcane fibers in step d1 are treated with sodium hydroxide solution and 2%-10% calcium oxide is added to the solution for simultaneous treatment, and the pH value of the whole immersion treatment is not less than 10.

[0024] Preferably, the sugarcane fiber treatment in step d1 further includes ammoniation treatment, and the ammoniation treatment solution is a 0.5-1.2% ethylenediamine solution. Further ammoniation treatment of bagasse can, on the one hand, break the ester bond between lignin and cellulose, partially hydrolyze and swell the cellulose, and facilitate the infiltration of ruminant rumen fluid, thereby improving the digestibility of bagasse; on the other hand, the nitrogenation effect causes ammonia to be adsorbed on the bagasse, and the ammonia enters the rumen of the ruminant along with the bagasse, where microorganisms use the ammonia to synthesize microbial cell protein.

[0025] Preferably, in step e, the treated sugarcane fiber obtained in step d1 and the filter residue obtained in step d2 are first sent to a dryer, dehydrated and dried with hot flue gas at 110-500° C. to obtain sugarcane fiber with a moisture content of 3-5%, and then the syrup obtained in step d is added, and the mixture is fully stirred and mixed to obtain high-energy sugarcane fiber feed with a moisture content of 8-15%, i.e., the finished product.

[0026] Preferably, the temperature of the hot flue gas used for drying in step e is 450-500° C., and the moisture content of the finished sugarcane fiber feed is 10-12%.

[0027] Preferably, the mixing ratio in step e is sugarcane fiber: syrup: water = 7-10: 2-3: 1-1.5.

[0028] Preferably, the high-energy sugarcane fiber feed obtained in step e is further fermented to obtain fermented sugarcane feed by adding lactic acid bacteria and additional nutrient sources to the high-energy sugarcane fiber feed.

[0029] The lactic acid bacteria are one or more of the genera Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Peptotrichum.

[0030] The additional nutrient source includes one or more mixtures of proteins, minerals, and vitamins in addition to the original additive syrup, and the added amount of the additional nutrient source does not exceed the amount of the original additive syrup.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the animal feed prepared with sugarcane as raw material directly optimizes and adjusts the preparation process based on the existing conventional preparation line during production and preparation, shortens the preparation time as much as possible, reduces the need for additional processing equipment, achieves equipment versatility, reduces costs as much as possible and improves economic benefits, while further processing and improving the sugarcane crude fiber feed, improving the palatability of the feed, and the prepared feed can promote animal digestion and absorption, meet the feeding standards of ruminants, and provide a herbivorous animal feed with a wide source, sustainable industrial production, good palatability and high digestibility. Specifically including:

[0032] 1. Improve and optimize the preparation process, including the simultaneous and parallel processing of sugarcane fiber, filtration of clear juice and evaporation concentration, so as to avoid excessive processing and waiting time, which is helpful to shorten the production cycle. At the same time, the pressing equipment and stirring equipment are staggered in the multi-step processing of the preparation process to fully utilize and improve the production efficiency. The sugarcane crude fiber feed prepared in this way processes the whole sugarcane into a crude fiber feed suitable for ruminant animals, and the sugarcane fiber is dried by high-temperature drying and dehydration without destroying or losing the original nutrients of the sugarcane. The final product has a moisture content of 8-15%, which completely maintains the nutrients of the raw materials themselves, can prevent the feed from mildewing, save transportation costs, and the processed products are non-carbonized, will not catch fire during the processing, and the sugar in the fiber is not carbonized. The drying energy consumption is low, the production cost is reduced, the production efficiency is high, and the production process is not affected by natural factors such as weather, thereby ensuring the stability of product quality and constant output, and large-scale industrial production can be realized.

[0033] 2. The sugarcane fiber is further processed by optimizing the processing steps, and lignin is decomposed by alkali treatment and other methods to soften the structure of bagasse, but it is not easy to destroy the cellulose and hemicellulose necessary for feed. The cellulose content of the treated bagasse is increased, and the lignin is halved, making the sugarcane crude fiber plastic more slender and soft, improving the palatability, increasing the animal's food intake, and improving the efficiency of nutrient digestion and absorption. The sugarcane fiber feed processed by the process of the present invention does not change the nutritional components of the sugarcane fiber, and does not cause problems such as fiber ignition, carbonization, sugar coking and pollution during the processing. The feed has a sweet smell and a moderate fiber length. It can enhance the feeding preference of ruminants and bring better palatability to ruminants, promote food intake, and increase production. It meets the national feed quality standards and can be widely used for feeding ruminants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram comparing the cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content of feeds treated with different embodiments of the present invention and the content of ordinary bagasse;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the food intake and daily weight gain results of the feed feeding experiment of different embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] See also Figure 1-3 , the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0039] Example 1: An animal feed prepared using sugarcane as raw material, the feed is prepared by the following process:

[0040] Step a: Cut sugarcane into sections

[0041] Fresh sugar cane is cut into 15 cm long sugar cane segments; the raw material sugar cane of step a is the whole plant of sugar cane, that is, from the bottom of the sugar cane to the top of the sugar cane and including the sugar cane leaves.

[0042] Step b: tear

[0043] The sugar cane segments of step a are shredded into sugar cane fibers.

[0044] Step c: Squeeze

[0045] The sugarcane fibers in step b are squeezed by an extrusion device to obtain sugarcane fibers with a water content of less than 60% and clear juice; when the sugarcane fibers squeezed in step c and soaked and stirred in step d1 are sent back to the extrusion device for extrusion, the extrusion device is kept at the maximum pressure for 5 minutes, and the water content of the sugarcane fibers after extrusion is 45%-55%.

[0046] Step d1: Sugarcane fiber processing

[0047] The squeezed sugarcane fiber in step c is placed in a 5% NaOH solution and stirred by a stirring device for alkali treatment. The solution is immersed and stirred evenly for 5 minutes at room temperature of 24°C.

[0048] The soaked and stirred sugarcane fibers are sent back to the extrusion equipment for extrusion to remove the alkali solution;

[0049] Step d2: Filtration and evaporation of clear juice

[0050] Step d2 is carried out simultaneously with step d1, the clear juice squeezed in step c is filtered to separate the residue, and the filtered sugarcane juice is evaporated and concentrated to obtain a syrup with a concentration of 60-80%;

[0051] Step e: Mixing and dehydration

[0052] The treated sugarcane fiber obtained in step d1 is put into the stirring device again, and after being stirred and mixed with the syrup and filter residue obtained in step d2, it is sent into the dryer and dehydrated with hot flue gas at 450° C. to obtain a high-energy sugarcane fiber feed with a moisture content of 12%, i.e., the finished product.

[0053] The mixing ratio in step e is sugarcane fiber: syrup: water = 10:2:1.5.

[0054] Example 2: An animal feed prepared using sugarcane as raw material, the feed is prepared by the following process:

[0055] Step a: Cut sugarcane into sections

[0056] Fresh sugar cane is cut into 5 cm long sugar cane segments; the raw material sugar cane of step a is the whole plant of sugar cane, that is, from the bottom of the sugar cane to the top of the sugar cane and including the sugar cane leaves.

[0057] Step b: tear

[0058] The sugarcane segments in step a are torn into sugarcane fibers; the sugarcane fibers in step b are sugarcane fiber residues with a particle size of 0.3-0.6 cm after being crushed.

[0059] Step c: Squeeze

[0060] The sugarcane fibers in step b are squeezed by an extrusion device to obtain sugarcane fibers with a water content of less than 60% and clear juice; when the sugarcane fibers squeezed in step c and soaked and stirred in step d1 are sent back to the extrusion device for extrusion, the extrusion device is kept at the maximum pressure for more than 5 minutes, and the water content of the sugarcane fibers after extrusion is 45%-55%.

[0061] Step d1: Sugarcane fiber processing

[0062] Put the squeezed sugarcane fiber in step c into a NaOH solution with a concentration of 8% and stir it with a stirring device for alkali treatment. Immerse and stir evenly for 10 minutes at 45°C.

[0063] The soaked and stirred sugarcane fibers are sent back to the extrusion equipment for extrusion to remove the alkali solution;

[0064] Step d2: Filtration and evaporation of clear juice

[0065] Step d2 is carried out simultaneously with step d1, the clear juice squeezed in step c is filtered to separate the residue, and the filtered sugarcane juice is evaporated and concentrated to obtain a syrup with a concentration of 60-80%;

[0066] Step e: Mixing and dehydration

[0067] First, the treated sugarcane fiber obtained in step d1 and the filter residue obtained in step d2 are sent to a dryer and dehydrated with hot flue gas at 500° C. to obtain sugarcane fiber with a moisture content of 5%. Then, the syrup obtained in step d is added, and the mixture is fully stirred and mixed to obtain a high-energy sugarcane fiber feed with a moisture content of 8%, i.e., the finished product.

[0068] The mixing ratio in step e is sugarcane fiber: syrup: water = 7:3:1.

[0069] Example 3: An animal feed prepared using sugarcane as raw material, the feed is prepared by the following process:

[0070] Step a: Cut sugarcane into sections

[0071] Fresh sugar cane is cut into 5 cm long sugar cane segments; the raw material sugar cane of step a is the whole plant of sugar cane, that is, from the bottom of the sugar cane to the top of the sugar cane and including the sugar cane leaves.

[0072] Step b: tear

[0073] The sugarcane segments in step a are torn into sugarcane fibers; the sugarcane fibers in step b are sugarcane fiber residues with a particle size of 0.3-0.6 cm after being crushed.

[0074] Step c: Squeeze

[0075] The sugarcane fibers in step b are squeezed by an extrusion device to obtain sugarcane fibers with a water content of less than 60% and clear juice; when the sugarcane fibers squeezed in step c and soaked and stirred in step d1 are sent back to the extrusion device for extrusion, the extrusion device is kept at the maximum pressure for more than 5 minutes, and the water content of the sugarcane fibers after extrusion is 45%-55%.

[0076] Step d1: Sugarcane fiber processing

[0077] The squeezed sugarcane fiber in step c is placed in a NaOH solution with a concentration of 8% and stirred by a stirring device for alkali treatment. The mixture is immersed and stirred evenly for 15 minutes at 45°C.

[0078] The sugarcane fibers in step d1 are treated with an alkali solution and 5% calcium oxide is added to the solution for simultaneous treatment, and the pH value of the entire fiber during the soaking treatment is not less than 10.

[0079] The sugarcane fiber treatment in step d1 further comprises an ammoniation treatment, and the ammoniation treatment solution is a 1% ethylenediamine solution.

[0080] The soaked and stirred sugarcane fibers are sent back to the extrusion equipment for extrusion to remove the alkali solution;

[0081] Step d2: Filtration and evaporation of clear juice

[0082] Step d2 is carried out simultaneously with step d1, the clear juice squeezed in step c is filtered to separate the residue, and the filtered sugarcane juice is evaporated and concentrated to obtain a syrup with a concentration of 60-80%;

[0083] Step e: Mixing and dehydration

[0084] The treated sugarcane fiber obtained in step d1 is put into the stirring device again, and after being stirred and mixed with the syrup and filter residue obtained in step d2, it is sent into the dryer and dehydrated with hot flue gas at 500° C. to obtain a high-energy sugarcane fiber feed with a moisture content of 8%, i.e., the finished product.

[0085] The mixing ratio in step e is sugarcane fiber: syrup: water = 7:3:1.

[0086] The high-energy sugarcane fiber feed obtained in step e is further fermented to obtain fermented sugarcane feed by adding lactic acid bacteria and additional nutrient sources to the high-energy sugarcane fiber feed.

[0087] Comparison of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content and common bagasse content of feed after treatment in different embodiments Figure 2 shown.

[0088] It can be seen that the cellulose content of the processed sugarcane crude fiber feed is increased, and the lignin is reduced by about half, making the sugarcane crude fiber plastic more slender and soft, and improving the palatability.

[0089] In order to compare the effect of treated sugarcane crude fiber feed on feeding, a feeding experiment was conducted. Beef cattle with the same physiological conditions were randomly selected for the experiment. 80 fattening beef cattle weighing more than 250kg were selected and divided into 4 groups for feeding. The control group was fed with ordinary roughage and untreated sugarcane bagasse. The feeding period was 200 days. The daily feed intake and daily weight gain results were calculated. Figure 3 shown.

[0090] It can be seen that the processed sugarcane crude fiber feed helps to increase the food intake of animals and improve the efficiency of nutrient digestion and absorption, meeting the feeding standards of ruminants. It can be used as a herbivorous animal feed with a wide source, sustainable industrial production, good palatability and high digestibility.

[0091] Contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in the field. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An animal feed prepared from sugarcane as raw material, characterized in that: The feed is prepared by the following process: Step a: Cut sugarcane into sections Cut fresh sugarcane into 5-15 cm long segments; Step b: tear tearing the sugarcane segments in step a into sugarcane fibers; Step c: Squeeze The sugarcane fibers in step b are squeezed by a squeezing device to obtain sugarcane fibers and clear juice having a water content of less than 60%; Step d1: Sugarcane fiber processing The squeezed sugarcane fiber in step c is placed in a NaOH solution with a concentration of 5%-8% and stirred by a stirring device for alkali treatment, and is immersed and stirred evenly for 5-15 minutes at 20° C.-45° C.; The soaked and stirred sugarcane fibers are sent back to the extrusion equipment for extrusion to remove the alkali solution; Step d2: Filtration and evaporation of clear juice Step d2 and step d1 are performed simultaneously, the clear juice squeezed in step c is filtered to separate the residue, and the filtered sugarcane juice is evaporated and concentrated to obtain a syrup with a concentration of 60-80%; Step e: Mixing and dehydration The treated sugarcane fiber obtained in step d1 is put into the stirring device again, and mixed with the syrup and filter residue obtained in step d2, and then sent into the dryer for dehydration and drying with hot flue gas at 110-500°C to obtain high-energy sugarcane fiber feed with a moisture content of 8-15%, i.e. the finished product.

2. The animal feed prepared from sugarcane as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw material sugarcane of step a is the whole plant of sugarcane, that is, from the bottom to the top of the sugarcane and including the sugarcane leaves.

3. The animal feed prepared from sugarcane as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sugarcane fiber in step b is sugarcane fiber residue with a particle size of 0.3-0.6 cm after being crushed.

4. The animal feed prepared from sugarcane as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the sugarcane fibers after squeezing in step c and soaking and stirring in step d1 are sent back to the squeezing equipment for squeezing, the squeezing equipment is kept at the maximum pressure for more than 5 minutes, and the moisture content of the sugarcane fibers after squeezing is 45%-55%.

5. The animal feed prepared from sugarcane as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sugarcane fibers in step d1 are treated with sodium hydroxide solution and 2%-10% calcium oxide is added to the solution for simultaneous treatment, and the pH value of the whole fiber soaking treatment is not less than 10.

6. The animal feed prepared from sugarcane as raw material according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The sugarcane fiber treatment in step d1 further comprises an ammoniation treatment, and the ammoniation treatment solution is a 0.5-1.2% ethylenediamine solution.

7. The animal feed prepared from sugarcane as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step e, the treated sugarcane fiber obtained in step d1 and the filter residue obtained in step d2 are first sent to a dryer, dehydrated and dried with hot flue gas at 110-500° C. to obtain sugarcane fiber with a moisture content of 3-5%, and then the syrup obtained in step d is added, and the mixture is fully stirred to obtain a high-energy sugarcane fiber feed with a moisture content of 8-15%, i.e., a finished product.

8. The animal feed prepared from sugarcane as raw material according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: The temperature of the hot flue gas used for drying in step e is 450-500° C., and the moisture content of the finished sugarcane fiber feed is 10-12%.

9. The animal feed prepared from sugarcane as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing ratio in step e is sugarcane fiber: syrup: water = 7-10: 2-3: 1-1.

5.

10. The animal feed prepared from sugarcane as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-energy sugarcane fiber feed obtained in step e is further fermented to obtain fermented sugarcane feed by adding lactic acid bacteria and additional nutrient sources to the high-energy sugarcane fiber feed; The lactic acid bacteria are one or more of the genera Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Soccer; The additional nutrient source includes one or more mixtures of proteins, minerals, and vitamins in addition to the original additive syrup, and the added amount of the additional nutrient source does not exceed the amount of the original additive syrup.

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