Pultrusion device capable of performing online surface treatment

Abstract

The invention provides a pultrusion device capable of performing online surface treatment, and relates to the technical field of pultrusion. Comprising a first support, a first supporting table, a pultrusion mold, a surface treatment box, a second support, a third support, a traction mechanism, a plasma surface treatment device, two first hoses, two front-back symmetrical treatment assemblies, two front-back symmetrical driving assemblies, front half grinding blocks and rear half grinding blocks which are in one-to-one correspondence, and two profile grinding position adjusting assemblies. The treatment assembly comprises two groups of conveying pipes which are vertically symmetrical, and nozzles are arranged at the ends, close to each other, of the two groups of conveying pipes; the driving assembly on the front side is used for driving the front half polishing block to be close to or away from the profile and further used for driving the first hose on the front side to communicate with or not communicate with the conveying pipe on the front side; the driving assembly on the rear side is used for driving the rear half polishing block to be close to or away from the sectional material and further used for driving the first hose on the rear side to communicate with or not communicate with the conveying pipe on the rear side. According to the invention, on-line surface treatment of the pultrusion profile is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pultrusion, in particular to a pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment. Background Art

[0002] The pultrusion process is a molding process in which continuous fibers, tapes, cloths or felts impregnated with resin glue are extruded through a mold under the action of traction, solidified, and continuously produced into composite material profiles of unlimited length. The presence of a release agent on the surface of the pultruded profile affects the bonding performance with the coating, so the profile usually needs to be surface treated. The pultrusion molding part of the existing profile pultrusion molding process device (such as a traction mechanism in CN101264668A) usually includes a pultrusion mold and a traction mechanism, but lacks an online device for automatically polishing the surface of the pultruded profile. The pultruded profile needs to be transferred (usually the profile needs to be cut and then transferred) to the polishing production line for polishing, which has the defect of low processing efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment, so as to solve the technical problems raised by the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment, comprising:

[0005] A bracket one, a support platform one is installed on the bracket one, and a pultrusion die is installed on the upper end of the support platform one;

[0006] A surface treatment box, which is arranged at the profile outlet side of the bracket one, and is connected to the bracket two; the conveying direction of the profile in the pultrusion device is from right to left, and the surface treatment box is divided into a drying chamber and a treatment chamber separated by a vertical partition plate, and opposite through holes are arranged on the left and right sides of the surface treatment box and the vertical partition plate, and the through holes are used for the profile to pass through;

[0007] Bracket three, bracket three is arranged at the profile outlet side of the surface treatment box, and a traction mechanism is installed on the upper end of bracket three;

[0008] The plasma treatment mechanism comprises: a plasma surface treatment device, the plasma surface treatment device is detachably connected to the inner wall of the upper end of the treatment chamber, the plasma outlet of the plasma surface treatment device is connected to the first end of the hose one, and two groups of front-to-back symmetrical treatment components are respectively connected to the two groups of hoses one; the treatment components comprise two groups of upper-lower symmetrical delivery pipes, and nozzles are arranged at one end of the two groups of delivery pipes close to each other;

[0009] Two groups of front-to-back symmetrical driving components, the two groups of driving components correspond one-to-one with the front half grinding block and the rear half grinding block, and the two groups of processing components correspond one-to-one with the two groups of driving components; the two groups of profile grinding position adjustment components correspond one-to-one with the front half grinding block and the rear half grinding block respectively; the front driving component is used to drive the front half grinding block to approach or move away from the profile, and the front driving component is also used to drive the front hose to be connected or disconnected with the front conveying pipe; the rear driving component is used to drive the rear half grinding block to approach or move away from the profile, and the rear driving component is also used to drive the rear hose to be connected or disconnected with the rear conveying pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the upper end of the support platform 1 is located at the profile outlet side of the pultrusion die and a support structure 1 is provided, and the support structure 1 includes a plurality of support groups 1 spaced apart from each other.

[0011] The support group 1 includes: a support shaft and two groups of support frames 1 arranged at intervals in front and behind. The support frame 1 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the support platform 1, and the front and rear ends of the support shaft are respectively connected to the two groups of support frames 1.

[0012] Preferably, support structure 2 is arranged on support 3, and support structure 2 comprises: support platform 2 and conveying roller group, support platform 2 is fixedly connected to the left part of support 3; and conveying roller group is arranged on the right part of support 3.

[0013] Preferably, the traction mechanism comprises:

[0014] Two sets of translation mechanisms, the two sets of translation mechanisms are respectively connected to the front and rear parts of the upper end of the bracket three, the movement direction of the translation mechanism is left and right, and the translation ends of the two sets of translation mechanisms are connected to the horizontal support plate one;

[0015] The clamping mechanism is connected to the lower end of the horizontal supporting plate.

[0016] Preferably, the grinding position adjustment component comprises:

[0017] An electric slide rail, which is arranged at the lower end of the processing chamber, and slides in a left-right direction, and a box body is connected to the moving end of the electric slide rail;

[0018] A horizontal electric telescopic rod, which is arranged horizontally along the front-to-back direction, wherein the fixed portion of the horizontal electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box, and the telescopic portion of the horizontal electric telescopic rod slides through the rear wall of the box; the front side of the front conveying pipe is fixedly passed through the rear wall of the box, and the rear side of the rear conveying pipe is fixedly passed through the front wall of the box;

[0019] The end of the telescopic part of the horizontal electric telescopic rod on the front side is connected to the front half grinding block, and the end of the telescopic part of the horizontal electric telescopic rod on the rear side is connected to the rear half grinding block. The inner side of the front half grinding block is provided with a groove whose shape matches the outer side shape of the front part of the profile, and the inner side of the rear half grinding block is provided with a groove whose shape matches the outer side shape of the rear part of the profile. Polishing pieces are arranged inside the grooves of the front half grinding block and the rear half grinding block.

[0020] Preferably, the front drive assembly includes:

[0021] Connecting block one, connecting block one is fixedly connected to the right side of the telescopic part of the horizontal electric telescopic rod on the front side, a first inclined surface which is higher in the front and lower in the back is arranged on the rear side of connecting block one, the lower end of the vertical pipe is closed, the vertical pipe slides up and down and passes through the upper end of the box body on the front side, through openings are arranged at intervals up and down on the rear side of the vertical pipe, the second end of hose one is connected with inlet two at the upper end of the vertical pipe; inlet two is arranged at one end of the delivery pipe close to the vertical pipe, the other end of the delivery pipe is closed, the delivery pipe is located on the right side of the front half grinding block, the rear side of connecting rod one is fixedly connected to the front side of the vertical pipe, a spherical body is arranged on the front side of connecting rod one, and the spherical body is in contact with the first inclined surface.

[0022] Preferably, the pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment further comprises: two groups of front-to-back symmetrical stabilizing components, the front stabilizing components comprising:

[0023] A vertical plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the upper end of the processing chamber, a horizontal support plate slides along the front-to-back direction and penetrates the vertical plate, the front side of the vertical plate is an arc surface, the lower part of the L-shaped connecting rod is fixedly connected to the front side of the vertical pipe on the front side, the upper part of the L-shaped connecting rod is fixedly connected to the connecting block 2, a second inclined surface which is higher in front and lower in the back is arranged on the rear side of the connecting block 2, and the second inclined surface contacts the arc surface; a spring is fixedly connected between the horizontal support plate and the vertical plate.

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The raw materials for preparing the profile (such as continuous fibers, tapes, cloths or felts) are impregnated with resin glue through a dipper under the traction force of a traction mechanism, and then cured and formed into a profile through a pultrusion die. The profile then enters a processing chamber, is polished online by the front half polishing block and the rear half polishing block of the processing chamber, and is subjected to plasma surface treatment by a plasma processing mechanism, and is further dried and cured by a drying chamber, and then output from the pultrusion device of the present invention through a conveying roller group and a second support table.

[0027] When the profile does not need to be polished or subjected to plasma surface treatment, the front driving assembly drives the front half polishing block away from the profile, and the front driving assembly drives the front hose 1 to be disconnected from the front delivery pipe; the rear driving assembly drives the rear half polishing block away from the profile, and the rear driving assembly drives the rear hose 1 to be disconnected from the rear delivery pipe; this avoids injury to the human body when manually replacing the polishing parts in the front half polishing block and the rear half polishing block, and avoids injury to the human body by plasma;

[0028] When the profile needs to be polished and plasma surface treated, the front driving component drives the front half of the polishing block close to the front of the profile, and the front driving component drives the front hose to be connected to the front conveying pipe; the rear driving component drives the rear half of the polishing block close to the rear of the profile, and the rear driving component drives the rear hose to be connected to the rear conveying pipe, thereby realizing the polishing and plasma surface treatment of the profile, which is easy to control.

[0029] The present invention solves the following problems raised by the background technology: the pultrusion forming part of the existing profile pultrusion forming process device (such as a traction mechanism in CN101264668A) usually includes a pultrusion die and a traction mechanism, but lacks an online device for automatically grinding the surface of the pultruded profile. The pultruded profile needs to be transferred (usually the profile needs to be cut and then transferred) to the grinding production line for grinding, which has the defect of low processing efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 A rear cross-sectional structural diagram of the surface treatment box;

[0034] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 1 The left side cross-sectional structure diagram of the surface treatment box;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fixed box of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1, bracket 1; 2, support platform 1; 3, pultrusion die; 31, profile outlet side; 4, surface treatment box; 41, drying chamber; 42, treatment chamber; 43, through hole; 44, vertical partition; 5, bracket 2; 6, bracket 3; 7, stabilizing component; 71, vertical plate; 72, horizontal support plate; 73, arc surface; 74, L-shaped connecting rod; 75, connecting block 2; 76, second inclined surface; 77, spring; 8, support structure 1; 81, support shaft; 82, support frame 1; 9, traction mechanism; 91, translation mechanism; 92, horizontal support plate 1; 93, clamping mechanism; 931, frame; 932, upper horizontal support plate; 933, support block; 934, lower horizontal support plate; 935, fixed box; 936, telescopic drive member; 937, U-shaped block; 938, extension block; 939, horizontal rod; 93 10. Elastic connector; 10. Support structure 2; 101. Support platform 2; 102. Conveying roller group; 11. Profile grinding position adjustment component; 111. Electric slide rail; 112. Horizontal electric telescopic rod; 1121. Fixed part of horizontal electric telescopic rod; 1122. Telescopic part of horizontal electric telescopic rod; 113. Front half grinding block; 114. Grinding piece; 115. Box; 116. Rear half grinding block; 12. Plasma treatment mechanism; 121. Plasma surface treatment device; 122. Hose 1; 123. Connecting block 1; 124. First inclined plane; 125. Vertical pipeline; 126. Through port; 127. Conveying pipe; 128. Nozzle; 129. Connecting rod 1; 1210. Spherical body; 1211. Treatment component; 13. Profile; 14. Dust hood; 15. Dust pipe; 16. Dust collection device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0038] In addition, in the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and do not specifically refer to the order or sequence, nor are they used to limit the present invention. They are only used to distinguish components or operations described with the same technical terms, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions and technical features between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0039] The present invention provides the following embodiments

[0040] Embodiment 1, the present invention provides a pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment, such as Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, including:

[0041] A bracket 1, a support platform 2 is installed on the bracket 1, and a pultrusion die 3 is installed on the upper end of the support platform 2;

[0042] Surface treatment box 4, surface treatment box 4 is arranged at the profile outlet side of bracket 1, and surface treatment box 4 is connected to bracket 2 5; the conveying direction of profile 13 in pultrusion device is from right to left, and surface treatment box 4 is divided into drying chamber 41 and treatment chamber 42 separated by left and right by vertical partition 44, and left and right sides of surface treatment box 4 and vertical partition 44 are provided with opposite through holes 43, and through holes 43 are used for profile 13 to pass through; preferably, surface treatment box 4 is provided with dust hood 14, and dust hood 14 is connected to dust collecting device 16 / vacuum cleaner through dust collecting pipe 15, which is prior art, and can be referred to CN116968478A. Dust collecting device 16, dust collecting pipe 15 and dust collecting hood 14 are used to collect dust from grinding debris in surface treatment box 4;

[0043] Bracket three 6, bracket three 6 is arranged at the profile outlet side of the surface treatment box 4, and a traction mechanism 9 is installed on the upper end of the bracket three 6;

[0044] The plasma treatment mechanism 12 includes: a plasma surface treatment device 121, which is detachably connected to the inner wall of the upper end of the treatment chamber 42, and the plasma outlet of the plasma surface treatment device 121 is connected to the first end of a hose 122, and two groups of front-to-back symmetrical treatment components 1211 are respectively connected to the two groups of hoses 122; the treatment component 1211 includes two groups of upper and lower symmetrical delivery pipes 127, and a nozzle 128 is provided at one end of the two groups of delivery pipes 127 close to each other; the plasma surface treatment device 121 is a prior art, such as the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment equipment disclosed in CN101462106B and CN114473815B;

[0045] Two groups of front-to-back symmetrical driving components, the two groups of driving components correspond one-to-one to the front half grinding block 113 and the rear half grinding block 116, and the two groups of processing components 1211 correspond one-to-one to the two groups of driving components; the two groups of profile grinding position adjustment components 11 correspond one-to-one to the front half grinding block 113 and the rear half grinding block 116 respectively; the front driving component is used to drive the front half grinding block 113 to approach or move away from the profile 13, and the front driving component is also used to drive the front hose 122 to connect or disconnect with the front conveying pipe 127; the rear driving component is used to drive the rear half grinding block 116 to approach or move away from the profile 13, and the rear driving component is also used to drive the rear hose 122 to connect or disconnect with the rear conveying pipe 127.

[0046] Preferably, a support structure 8 is provided at the upper end of the support platform 2 at the profile outlet side of the pultrusion die 3, and the support structure 8 includes a plurality of support groups 1 spaced apart from each other.

[0047] The support group 1 includes: a support shaft 81 and two groups of support frames 82 arranged at intervals in front and behind. The support frame 82 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the support platform 2, and the front and rear ends of the support shaft 81 are respectively connected to the two groups of support frames 82.

[0048] A support structure 2 10 is arranged on the bracket 3 6 , and the support structure 2 10 comprises: a support platform 2 101 and a conveying roller group 102 , wherein the support platform 2 101 is fixedly connected to the left part of the bracket 3 6 ; and the conveying roller group 102 is arranged on the right part of the bracket 3 6 .

[0049] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0050] The raw materials for preparing the profile (such as continuous fibers, tapes, cloth or felt) are impregnated with resin glue through a dipper (existing technology, not shown in the figure) under the traction force of the traction mechanism 9, and then cured and formed into a profile through the pultrusion die 3. The profile then enters the processing chamber 42, and is polished online separately by the front half polishing block 113 and the rear half polishing block 116 of the processing chamber 42, and is plasma surface treated by the plasma processing mechanism 12 (the present invention can perform at least one of polishing and plasma surface treatment as needed), and is further dried and cured by the drying chamber 41, and then output from the pultrusion device of the present invention through the conveying roller group 102 and the support table 101 in turn.

[0051] When the profile does not need to be polished or subjected to plasma surface treatment, the front half polishing block 113 is driven away from the profile 13 by the front driving assembly, and the front driving assembly drives the front hose 122 to be disconnected from the front delivery pipe 127; the rear driving assembly drives the rear half polishing block 116 away from the profile 13, and the rear driving assembly drives the rear hose 122 to be disconnected from the rear delivery pipe 127; this avoids the front half polishing block 113 and the polishing parts 114 in the rear half polishing block 116 from being damaged during manual replacement, and avoids the plasma from damaging the human body;

[0052] When the profile needs to be polished and plasma surface treated, the front driving component drives the front half polishing block 113 close to the front of the profile 13, and the front driving component drives the front hose 122 to connect with the front delivery pipe 127; the rear driving component drives the rear half polishing block 116 close to the rear of the profile 13, and the rear driving component drives the rear hose 122 to connect with the rear delivery pipe 127, thereby realizing the polishing and plasma surface treatment of the profile, which is easy to control.

[0053] The present invention solves the following problems raised by the background technology: the pultrusion forming part of the existing profile pultrusion forming process device (such as a traction mechanism in CN101264668A) usually includes a pultrusion die and a traction mechanism, but lacks an online device for automatically grinding the surface of the pultruded profile. The pultruded profile needs to be transferred (usually the profile needs to be cut and then transferred) to the grinding production line for grinding, which has the defect of low processing efficiency.

[0054] Embodiment 2, on the basis of embodiment 1, as Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, the traction mechanism 9 includes:

[0055] Two sets of translation mechanisms 91 are respectively connected to the front and rear of the upper end of the bracket three 6, and the translation ends of the two sets of translation mechanisms 91 are connected to a horizontal support plate one 92; the translation mechanism 91 can be a screw-type translation mechanism or a hydraulic rod or a gas rod.

[0056] The clamping mechanism 93 is connected to the lower end of the horizontal support plate 92.

[0057] The clamping mechanism 93 includes a frame 931, and a plurality of clamping device groups are arranged at intervals on the left and right sides of the lower end of the frame 931, and the clamping device groups are detachably connected to the frame 931; the clamping device groups include two groups of front-to-back symmetrical clamping groups, and the two groups of clamping groups are respectively arranged at the front and rear lower ends of the frame 931;

[0058] The front clamping set consists of:

[0059] An upper horizontal support plate 932, two groups of support blocks 933, and a lower horizontal support plate 934. The two groups of support blocks 933 are fixedly connected between the upper horizontal support plate 932 and the lower horizontal support plate 934. The upper horizontal support plate 932 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the front portion of the frame 931. Fixed boxes 935 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the lower end of the lower horizontal support plate 934.

[0060] A telescopic driving member 936, the fixed end of which is detachably mounted on the lower horizontal support plate 934;

[0061] A U-shaped block 937 with an opening toward the rear side, the front end of the U-shaped block 937 is in contact with or fixedly connected to the telescopic driving member 936, and an extension block body 938 is integrally extended from the left and right sides of the U-shaped block 937, and two horizontal rods 939 extending along the front-to-back direction are connected to the left and right sides of the rear side of the extension block body 938 at intervals, and the horizontal rod 939 slides through the front side wall of the fixed box 935, and an elastic connecting member 9310 is connected between the horizontal rod 939 and the rear inner wall of the fixed box 935; elastic clamping blocks (not shown in the figure) are provided on the front side of the inner side of the U-shaped block 937 and the front side of the extension block body 938.

[0062] The telescopic drive member 936 may be a hydraulic rod or a gas rod;

[0063] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0064] According to the clamping requirements, the present invention can connect one or two clamping device groups to the lower end of the frame 931. The clamping device group controls the extension of two front and rear telescopic driving members 936 to drive the U-shaped blocks 937 and the elastic clamping blocks on the extension block 938 on the front and rear sides to clamp the profile on the front and rear sides; then the translation mechanism 91 is started to drive the clamped profile to move in the left and right directions. The setting of the horizontal rod 939 can guide the movement of the U-shaped block 937 and the extension block 938, ensuring the reliable movement of the elastic clamping block clamp in the front and rear directions.

[0065] Embodiment 3, on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2, as Figure 4 As shown, the grinding position adjustment assembly includes:

[0066] The electric slide rail 111 is arranged at the lower end of the processing chamber 42, the sliding direction of the electric slide rail 111 is the left-right direction, and the box body 115 is connected to the moving end of the electric slide rail 111; the electric slide rail 111 is the existing technology;

[0067] The horizontal electric telescopic rod 112 is arranged horizontally along the front-to-back direction. The fixed part 1121 of the horizontal electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box 115. The telescopic part 1122 of the horizontal electric telescopic rod slides through the rear wall of the box 115. The front side of the conveying pipe 127 on the front side is fixedly passed through the rear wall of the box 115 on the front side, and the rear side of the conveying pipe 127 on the rear side is fixedly passed through the front wall of the box 115 on the rear side.

[0068] The end of the telescopic part 1122 of the front horizontal electric telescopic rod is connected to the front half grinding block 113, and the end of the telescopic part 1122 of the rear horizontal electric telescopic rod is connected to the rear half grinding block 116. The front half grinding block 113 is provided with a groove whose shape matches the outer shape of the front part of the profile 13, and the rear half grinding block 116 is provided with a groove whose shape matches the outer shape of the rear part of the profile 13. The grooves of the front half grinding block 113 and the rear half grinding block 116 are both provided with grinding pieces 114. The grinding piece 114 can be grinding sandpaper; refer to Figure 4 ( Figure 4 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a profile), after the front half grinding block 113 and the rear half grinding block 116 are attached to each other, the shape enclosed by the grinding side of the front half grinding block 113 and the grinding side of the rear half grinding block 116 is Figure 4 The shape of the outer surface of the entire cross section of the medium profile matches.

[0069] The front drive assembly includes:

[0070] A connecting block 123 is fixedly connected to the right side of the telescopic part 1122 of the horizontal electric telescopic rod on the front side. A first inclined surface 124 with a higher front and a lower back is arranged on the rear side of the connecting block 123. The lower end of the vertical pipe 125 is closed. The vertical pipe 125 slides up and down to pass through the upper end of the box body 115 on the front side. Through-ports 126 are arranged at intervals up and down on the rear side of the vertical pipe 125. The second end of the hose 122 is connected to the inlet 2 at the upper end of the vertical pipe 125. An inlet 2 is arranged at one end of the delivery pipe 127 close to the vertical pipe 125. The other end of the delivery pipe 127 is closed. The delivery pipe 127 is located on the right side of the front half grinding block 113. The rear side of the connecting rod 129 is fixedly connected to the front side of the vertical pipe 125. A spherical body 1210 is arranged on the front side of the connecting rod 129. The spherical body 1210 is in contact with the first inclined surface 124.

[0071] The pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment also includes: two groups of front-to-back symmetrical stabilizing components 7, the front stabilizing components 7 including:

[0072] The vertical plate 71 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the upper end of the processing chamber 42, the horizontal support plate 72 slides along the front-to-back direction and penetrates the vertical plate 71, the front side of the vertical plate 71 is an arc surface 73, the lower part of the L-shaped connecting rod 74 is fixedly connected to the front side of the vertical pipe 125 on the front side, the upper part of the L-shaped connecting rod 74 is fixedly connected to the connecting block 2 75, and the rear side of the connecting block 2 75 is provided with a second inclined surface 76 which is higher in front and lower in the rear, and the second inclined surface 76 is in contact with the arc surface 73; a spring 77 is fixedly connected between the horizontal support plate 72 and the vertical plate 71.

[0073] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0074] In such Figure 4 On the basis of the above, when the profile needs to be polished and plasma surface treated, the front side horizontal electric telescopic rod 112 is controlled to extend backward, driving the front half polishing block 113 to approach and cover the front part of the profile 13, and the rear side horizontal electric telescopic rod 112 is controlled to extend forward, driving the rear half polishing block 116 to approach and cover the rear part of the profile 13, which has the following three functions:

[0075] First, during the grinding process, the grinding pieces 114 of the front half grinding block 113 and the rear half grinding block 116 cover the entire outer surface of the profile 13, and then the electric slide rails 111 on the front and rear sides are controlled to drive the front and rear side boxes 115 to slide along the left and right directions respectively, and the outer surface of the profile 13 is grinded by the grinding pieces 114;

[0076] On the second aspect, the horizontal electric telescopic rod 112 on the front side extends backward, and the horizontal electric telescopic rod 112 on the rear side extends forward, so that the front and rear two connecting blocks 123 are close to each other along the front and rear direction, and the corresponding spherical body 1210 contacts and cooperates with the first inclined surface 124, so that the front and rear two vertical pipes 125 move upward, so that the inlet 2 of the delivery pipe 127 is connected with the corresponding through port 126, so that the front hose 122 is connected with the front delivery pipe 127, and the rear hose 122 is connected with the rear delivery pipe 127, so that the delivery pipe 127 delivers plasma to perform plasma surface treatment on the surface of the profile;

[0077] Thirdly, the two vertical pipes 125 move upward, driving the two connecting blocks 75 to move upward, and the second inclined surface 76 contacts and cooperates with the arc surface 73, so that the front and rear horizontal support plates 72 are close to each other in the front-to-back direction, so that the horizontal support plates 72 are supported on the lower end of the plasma surface treatment device 121 to prevent the plasma surface treatment device 121 from falling; due to the support of the above-mentioned horizontal support plates 72, the connecting parts (such as connecting bolts or suction cups) connecting the plasma surface treatment device 121 and the inner wall of the upper end of the treatment chamber 42 can be reduced, so that when the profile 13 does not need to be polished and plasma surface treated (such as Figure 4 As shown), it is convenient to remove the plasma surface treatment device 121.

[0078] Embodiment 4, on the basis of any one of embodiments 1-3, the pultrusion die 3 is provided with a profile outlet, and the pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment further comprises: a quality assessment device, the quality assessment device works for a second preset time period every first preset time period, and the quality assessment device comprises:

[0079] A plurality of thickness detection modules, the thickness detection modules are arranged at the profile outlet side of the pultrusion die 3, and the thickness detection modules are used to detect the thickness of the key side edges of the profile;

[0080] A plurality of ultrasonic detection modules, the ultrasonic detection modules are arranged at the profile outlet side 31 of the pultrusion die 3, and the ultrasonic detection modules are used to perform ultrasonic detection on the key side of the profile to obtain the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity of the key side of the profile;

[0081] A first determination module, used for calculating the abnormal thickness state value of each key side edge based on the thickness detection module, and determining a first qualified value of each key side edge according to the abnormal thickness state value of each key side edge and the detection value of the thickness detection module;

[0082] A first calculation module, used for calculating the actual material performance parameters of each key side based on the ultrasonic detection module and the thickness detection module, and determining the second qualified value of each key side based on the actual material performance parameters of each key side;

[0083] A second calculation module, used for calculating a quality qualified value based on the first qualified value, the second qualified value, and the detection value of the thickness detection module;

[0084] The alarm module is used to alarm when any one of the first qualified value, the second qualified value and the quality qualified value of any key side is less than the corresponding preset qualified value.

[0085] The first calculation module calculates based on formula (1), and the second calculation module calculates based on formula (2):

[0086]

[0087] E0 is the theoretical material performance parameter of the i-th key side of the profile after passing through the pultrusion die; min represents the minimum value; B i is the average detection value of the thickness detection module of the i-th key side of the profile; E ij is the actual material performance parameter (reflecting the Young's modulus state of the material) obtained by the ultrasonic detection module for the jth detection of the i-th key side of the profile; For all E ij The average value of For combination The second qualified value obtained (based on the preset - second qualified value mapping table or association function acquisition); C i1 is the maximum peak amplitude of the incident ultrasonic wave in the thickness direction of the i-th key side of the profile; C i0 is the maximum peak amplitude of the emitted ultrasonic wave in the thickness direction of the i-th key side of the profile; h is the unit thickness; max represents the maximum value; A ij1 A is the shear wave velocity obtained by the ultrasonic detection module for the jth detection of the i-th key side of the profile; ij2 is the longitudinal wave velocity obtained by the ultrasonic detection module for the jth detection of the i-th key side of the profile; ρ1 is the average density of the profile; ln is the natural logarithm, and e is a natural constant;

[0088] is the abnormal thickness value of the i-th critical side of the profile; B i0 is the target thickness of the i-th critical side of the profile; b i2 b is the thickness reduction of the i-th critical side of the profile with abnormal quality trend; i1 B is the thickness reduction of the i-th critical side edge with abnormal quality; ik is the kth thickness detection value of the thickness detection module corresponding to the i-th key side of the profile; For combination The first qualified value obtained (based on the preset - first qualified value mapping table or correlation function acquisition); α1 and α2 are evaluation weights of the first qualified value and the second qualified value respectively (both values ​​are greater than 0 and less than 1); G i is the quality acceptance value of the i-th critical side of the profile.

[0089] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the quality assessment device performs a quality assessment on the profile output by the pultrusion die every first preset time period, and controls the ultrasonic detection module and the thickness detection module to perform detection for a certain length of time within the second preset time period during each quality assessment, so as to calculate the abnormal thickness state value of each key side based on the thickness detection module, and determine the first qualified value (thickness qualified value) of each key side according to the abnormal thickness state value of each key side and the detection value of the thickness detection module, and calculate the actual material performance parameters of each key side based on the ultrasonic detection module and the thickness detection module, determine the second qualified value (material performance qualified value) of each key side based on the actual material performance parameters of each key side, and calculate the quality qualified value by the first qualified value, the second qualified value, and the thickness detection module detection value; when any one of the first qualified value, the second qualified value and the quality qualified value of any key side is less than the corresponding preset qualified value, an alarm is issued, ensuring that the profile output by the pultrusion die is abnormal in thickness qualified value, material performance qualified value, comprehensive thickness qualified value, and quality qualified value obtained by material performance qualified value. When the quality qualified value is abnormal, an alarm is issued in time, and a reminder is given to overhaul or adjust the relevant devices, so as to ensure the reliable quality of the produced profiles.

[0090] Embodiment 5, on the basis of any one of Embodiments 1-4, a dipstick is provided on the feeding side of the pultrusion device, and the traction mechanism pulls the raw material for preparing the profile (continuous fiber, tape, cloth or felt to be impregnated with resin glue) through the dipstick and then enters the pultrusion die 3 for molding; the pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment also includes:

[0091] The collection module is used to collect the actual parameters of the glue liquid in the glue dipping device, and the actual parameters of the glue liquid include: the actual viscosity of the glue liquid, the actual temperature of the glue liquid, and the actual pressure of the glue liquid; the glue dipping device and the glue dipping guide roller arranged in the glue dipping device are prior arts, such as CN220503429U;

[0092] A third calculation module is used to calculate the target moving speed of the raw material for preparing the profile after dipping in the pultrusion die 3 based on the acquisition module;

[0093] A first control module is used to control the traction mechanism 9 to work so that the actual moving speed of the raw material for preparing the profile after being dipped in the pultrusion die 3 is the target moving speed;

[0094]

[0095] V is the target moving speed of the raw material for preparing the profile in the pultrusion die (3) after dipping; μ is the permeability coefficient of the raw material for preparing the profile; R is the diameter of the dipping guide roller in the dipping device; ω is the viscosity of the glue solution; P is the pressure of the glue solution; H is the minimum horizontal distance between the guide roller for guiding the raw material for preparing the profile and the dipping guide roller along the left-right direction; π is π radians; h0 is the thickness of the raw material for preparing the profile; θ is the porosity of the raw material for preparing the profile; S is the width of the raw material for preparing the profile along the front-back direction; h2 is the target dipping thickness of the raw material for preparing the profile on one side; T1 is the actual temperature of the glue solution; T2 is the ambient temperature of the glue solution; P0 is the ambient air pressure; For combination The speed correction factor obtained (based on the preset - velocity correction coefficient mapping table or correlation function acquisition); lg is the logarithm with base 10, e is a natural constant, arcsin is the inverse sine; δ is the velocity correction coefficient; h is the unit thickness.

[0096] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is: based on the actual parameters of the glue solution, the ambient temperature, the ambient air pressure, the parameters of the raw materials for preparing the profile and the target dipping thickness, a suitable target moving speed is determined to ensure the dipping effect.

[0097] Embodiment 6, based on embodiment 5, further comprises: a heating device evaluation device, the heating device evaluation device works periodically, and the heating device evaluation device comprises:

[0098] A region division module is used to divide the profile conveying cavity in the pultrusion die 3 into a plurality of heating sections along the profile conveying direction, and each heating section heats and solidifies the profile through a corresponding heating device;

[0099] A first acquisition module selects first heating parameters of each heating device from a parameter database based on actual parameters of the glue solution and a target moving speed of the raw material for preparing the profile after dipping in the pultrusion die 3;

[0100] A plurality of temperature sensors are arranged in the profile conveying cavity of each heating section, and the temperature sensors are used to detect the inner wall temperature of the profile conveying cavity of the corresponding heating section; (a plurality of temperature sensors may be arranged at intervals around the inner wall of the profile conveying cavity of the corresponding heating section);

[0101] A second control module controls the heating device to work for a third preset time period with the first heating parameter (including heating power), and controls the temperature sensor to perform multiple detections within the third preset time period;

[0102] A fourth calculation module, used for calculating a current first heating effect value of each heating segment based on the temperature sensor detection value within a third preset time period;

[0103] A first acquisition module, used for acquiring a historical first heating effect value of the heating device operating at a first heating parameter in a corresponding heating section;

[0104] A fifth calculation module, used to calculate the comprehensive heating effect value of each heating section;

[0105]

[0106] N j1 is the current first heating effect value of the jth heating section, N j2 is the comprehensive heating effect value of the jth heating section; K j0 K is the target temperature of the inner wall of the profile conveying cavity in the jth heating section; jt1 K is the average detection value of the t-th temperature sensor in the j-th heating section within the current third preset time length; jt2 is the standard deviation of the detection value of the tth temperature sensor in the jth heating section within the current third preset time length; is the standard deviation weight 1 (the value is greater than 0 and less than 1); is the standard deviation weight 2 (the value is greater than 0 and less than 1); N j3 is the average value of the historical first heating effect value when the historical heating parameter of the heating device of the jth heating section is the same as the first heating parameter; n j1 The number of times when the historical heating parameter of the heating device of the j-th heating section is the same as the first heating parameter and the historical first heating effect value is less than the preset first effect value; n j2 is the total number of historical first heating effect values ​​when the historical heating parameters of the heating device of the jth heating section are the same as the first heating parameters; F j is the total number of temperature sensors in the jth heating section; ln is the natural logarithm;

[0107] A first warning module, used for issuing a warning when the current first heating effect value of any heating section is less than a preset first effect value;

[0108] A screening module, for selecting, when the first warning module does not give an early warning, a heating device corresponding to a heating segment whose comprehensive heating effect value is greater than or equal to the second effect value as a target heating device;

[0109] The display module is used to display the target heating device; when the heating and curing effect of the profile output by the pultrusion die does not meet the requirements, the power of the target heating device is adjusted to adjust the heating amount so that the heating and curing effect of the profile output by the pultrusion die meets the requirements.

[0110] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the profile conveying cavity in the pultrusion die 3 is divided into a number of heating sections along the profile conveying direction, and each heating section heats and solidifies the profile through a corresponding heating device, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the segmented heating effect; the heating device evaluation device periodically works to evaluate the heating device to determine the current first heating effect value of each heating section, and when the current first heating effect value of any heating section is less than the preset first effect value, the first early warning module issues an early warning to remind the corresponding heating device to be repaired, so as to ensure that the heating effect of each heating device meets the requirements; the entire pultrusion die 3 can only work when the first early warning module does not issue an early warning;

[0111] When the entire pultrusion die 3 is currently operational, the second heating effect of the heating device of each heating section is determined based on the current first heating effect value of each heating section and the historical first heating effect value under the corresponding first heating parameter. The screening module is used to select the heating device corresponding to the heating section whose second heating effect is greater than or equal to the second effect value as the target heating device (with better heating effect and heating stability), and the display module is used to display the target heating device; when the heating and curing effect of the profile output by the pultrusion die does not meet the requirements, the power of the target heating device is adjusted to adjust the heating amount so that the heating and curing effect of the profile output by the pultrusion die meets the requirements.

[0112] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment, characterized in that: include: A support bracket (1), a support platform (2) is mounted on the support bracket (1), and a pultrusion die (3) is mounted on the upper end of the support platform (2); A surface treatment box (4), the surface treatment box (4) is arranged on the profile outlet side of the bracket one (1), and the surface treatment box (4) is connected to the bracket two (5); the conveying direction of the profile (13) in the pultrusion device is from right to left, the surface treatment box (4) is divided into a drying chamber (41) and a treatment chamber (42) separated by a vertical partition (44), and the left and right sides of the surface treatment box (4) and the vertical partition (44) are provided with opposite through holes (43), and the through holes (43) are used for the profile (13) to pass through; Bracket three (6), bracket three (6) is arranged on the profile outlet side of the surface treatment box (4), and a traction mechanism (9) is installed on the upper end of bracket three (6); A plasma processing mechanism (12), the plasma processing mechanism (12) comprising: a plasma surface processing device (121), the plasma surface processing device (121) being detachably connected to the inner wall of the upper end of the processing chamber (42), the plasma outlet of the plasma surface processing device (121) being connected to the first end of a hose (122), two groups of front-to-back symmetrical processing components (1211) being respectively connected to the two groups of hoses (122); the processing components (1211) comprising two groups of upper-lower symmetrical delivery pipes (127), the two groups of delivery pipes (127) being provided with a nozzle (128) at one end close to each other; Two groups of front-to-back symmetrical drive components, the two groups of drive components correspond one-to-one with the front half grinding block (113) and the rear half grinding block (116), and the two groups of processing components (1211) correspond one-to-one with the two groups of drive components; the two groups of profile grinding position adjustment components (11) correspond one-to-one with the front half grinding block (113) and the rear half grinding block (116), respectively; the front side drive component is used to drive the front half grinding block (113) to approach or move away from the profile (13), and the front side drive component is also used to drive the front side hose 1 (122) to connect or disconnect with the front side conveying pipe (127); the rear side drive component is used to drive the rear half grinding block (116) to approach or move away from the profile (13), and the rear side drive component is also used to drive the rear side hose 1 (122) to connect or disconnect with the rear side conveying pipe (127).

2. A pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the support platform (2) is located at the profile outlet side of the pultrusion die (3) and a support structure (8) is provided. The support structure (8) includes a plurality of support groups (1) spaced apart from each other. The support group 1 comprises: a support shaft (81) and two groups of support frames 1 (82) arranged at intervals in front and back, the support frame 1 (82) is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the support platform 1 (2), and the front and rear ends of the support shaft (81) are respectively connected to the two groups of support frames 1 (82).

3. A pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support structure 2 (10) is arranged on the bracket 3 (6), and the support structure 2 (10) comprises: a support platform 2 (101) and a conveying roller group (102), wherein the support platform 2 (101) is fixedly connected to the left part of the bracket 3 (6); and the conveying roller group (102) is arranged on the right part of the bracket 3 (6).

4. A pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The traction mechanism (9) comprises: Two sets of translation mechanisms (91), the two sets of translation mechanisms (91) are respectively connected to the front and rear parts of the upper end of the bracket three (6), the movement direction of the translation mechanism (91) is left and right, and the translation ends of the two sets of translation mechanisms (91) are connected to the horizontal support plate one (92); The clamping mechanism (93) is connected to the lower end of the horizontal support plate (92).

5. The pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding position adjustment assembly includes: An electric slide rail (111), the electric slide rail (111) is arranged at the lower end of the processing chamber (42), the sliding direction of the electric slide rail (111) is left-right, and the box (115) is connected to the moving end of the electric slide rail (111); A horizontal electric telescopic rod (112), the horizontal electric telescopic rod (112) is arranged horizontally along the front-to-back direction, the fixed portion (1121) of the horizontal electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box body (115), and the telescopic portion (1122) of the horizontal electric telescopic rod slides through the rear wall of the box body (115); the front side of the front conveying pipe (127) is fixedly penetrated through the rear wall of the box body (115), and the rear side of the rear conveying pipe (127) is fixedly penetrated through the front wall of the box body (115); The end of the telescopic part (1122) of the front horizontal electric telescopic rod is connected to the front half grinding block (113), and the end of the telescopic part (1122) of the rear horizontal electric telescopic rod is connected to the rear half grinding block (116). The inner side of the front half grinding block (113) is provided with a groove whose shape matches the outer side of the front part of the profile (13), and the inner side of the rear half grinding block (116) is provided with a groove whose shape matches the outer side of the rear part of the profile (13). The inner sides of the grooves of the front half grinding block (113) and the rear half grinding block (116) are both provided with grinding pieces (114).

6. A pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The front drive assembly includes: A connecting block (123) is fixedly connected to the right side of the telescopic part (1122) of the horizontal electric telescopic rod on the front side. A first inclined surface (124) with a higher front and a lower rear is arranged on the rear side of the connecting block (123). The lower end of the vertical pipe (125) is closed. The vertical pipe (125) slides up and down to pass through the upper end of the box body (115) on the front side. A through hole (126) is arranged at intervals on the rear side of the vertical pipe (125). The second inclined surface (124) of the hose (122) is provided. The end is connected with the inlet 2 at the upper end of the vertical pipe (125); the inlet 2 is arranged at one end of the delivery pipe (127) close to the vertical pipe (125); the other end of the delivery pipe (127) is closed; the delivery pipe (127) is located on the right side of the front half grinding block (113); the rear side of the connecting rod 1 (129) is fixedly connected with the front side of the vertical pipe (125); the front side of the connecting rod 1 (129) is provided with a spherical body (1210), and the spherical body (1210) is in contact with the first inclined surface (124).

7. A pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment further comprises: two groups of front-to-back symmetrical stabilizing components (7), wherein the front stabilizing component (7) comprises: A vertical plate (71) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the upper end of the processing chamber (42); a horizontal support plate (72) slides through the vertical plate (71) along the front-to-back direction; the front side of the vertical plate (71) is a curved surface (73); the lower part of the L-shaped connecting rod (74) is fixedly connected to the front side of the vertical pipe (125) on the front side; the upper part of the L-shaped connecting rod (74) is fixedly connected to the second connecting block (75); a second inclined surface (76) with a higher front and a lower rear is arranged on the rear side of the second connecting block (75); the second inclined surface (76) is in contact with the curved surface (73); a spring (77) is fixedly connected between the horizontal support plate (72) and the vertical plate (71).

8. The pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pultrusion die (3) is provided with a profile outlet, and the pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment further comprises: a quality assessment device, the quality assessment device operates for a second preset time period every first preset time period, and the quality assessment device comprises: A plurality of thickness detection modules, wherein the thickness detection modules are arranged at the profile outlet side of the pultrusion die (3), and the thickness detection modules are used to detect the thickness of the key side edges of the profile; A plurality of ultrasonic detection modules, wherein the ultrasonic detection modules are arranged at the profile outlet side of the pultrusion die (3), and the ultrasonic detection modules are used to perform ultrasonic detection on the key side edges of the profile to obtain the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity of the key side edges of the profile; A first determination module, used for calculating the abnormal thickness state value of each key side edge based on the thickness detection module, and determining a first qualified value of each key side edge according to the abnormal thickness state value of each key side edge and the detection value of the thickness detection module; A first calculation module, used for calculating the actual material performance parameters of each key side based on the ultrasonic detection module and the thickness detection module, and determining the second qualified value of each key side based on the actual material performance parameters of each key side; A second calculation module, used for calculating a quality qualified value based on the first qualified value, the second qualified value, and the detection value of the thickness detection module; The alarm module is used to alarm when any one of the first qualified value, the second qualified value and the quality qualified value of any key side is less than the corresponding preset qualified value.

9. A pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first calculation module calculates based on formula (1), and the second calculation module calculates based on formula (2): E0 is the theoretical material performance parameter of the i-th critical side of the profile after passing through the pultrusion die; min represents the minimum value; B i is the average detection value of the thickness detection module of the i-th key side of the profile; E ij is the actual material performance parameter obtained by the ultrasonic testing module for the jth detection of the i-th key side of the profile; For all E ij The average value of For combination The second qualified value obtained; C i1 is the maximum peak amplitude of the incident ultrasonic wave in the thickness direction of the i-th key side of the profile; C i0 is the maximum peak amplitude of the emitted ultrasonic wave in the thickness direction of the i-th key side of the profile; h is the unit thickness; max represents the maximum value; A ij1 A is the shear wave velocity obtained by the ultrasonic detection module for the jth detection of the i-th key side of the profile; ij2 is the longitudinal wave velocity obtained by the ultrasonic detection module for the jth detection of the i-th key side of the profile; ρ1 is the average density of the profile; ln is the natural logarithm, and e is a natural constant; is the abnormal thickness value of the i-th critical side of the profile; B i0 is the target thickness of the i-th critical side of the profile; b i2 b is the thickness reduction of the i-th critical side of the profile with abnormal quality trend; i1 B is the thickness reduction of the i-th critical side edge with abnormal quality; ik is the kth thickness detection value of the thickness detection module corresponding to the i-th key side of the profile; For combination The first qualified value obtained; α1 and α2 are the evaluation weights of the first qualified value and the second qualified value respectively; G i is the quality acceptance value of the i-th critical side of the profile.

10. The pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A glue impregnator is arranged on the feeding side of the pultrusion device, and a traction mechanism pulls the raw material for preparing the profile through the glue impregnator for immersion and then enters the pultrusion die (3) for molding; the pultrusion device capable of online surface treatment also includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the actual parameters of the glue liquid in the glue dipping device, and the actual parameters of the glue liquid include: the actual viscosity of the glue liquid, the actual temperature of the glue liquid, and the actual pressure of the glue liquid; A third calculation module is used to calculate the target moving speed of the raw material for preparing the profile after dipping in the pultrusion die (3) based on the acquisition module; A first control module is used to control the traction mechanism (9) to work so that the actual moving speed of the raw material for preparing the profile after being dipped in glue in the pultrusion die (3) is the target moving speed; V is the target moving speed of the raw material for preparing the profile in the pultrusion die (3) after dipping; μ is the permeability coefficient of the raw material for preparing the profile; R is the diameter of the dipping guide roller in the dipping device; ω is the viscosity of the glue solution; P is the pressure of the glue solution; H is the minimum horizontal distance between the guide roller for guiding the raw material for preparing the profile and the dipping guide roller along the left-right direction; π is π radians; h0 is the thickness of the raw material for preparing the profile; θ is the porosity of the raw material for preparing the profile; S is the width of the raw material for preparing the profile along the front-back direction; h2 is the target dipping thickness of the raw material for preparing the profile on one side; T1 is the actual temperature of the glue solution; T2 is the ambient temperature of the glue solution; P0 is the ambient air pressure; For combination The velocity correction coefficient is obtained; lg is the logarithm with base 10, e is a natural constant, arcsin is the inverse sine; δ is the velocity correction coefficient; h is the unit thickness.

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