Biological fertilizer for improving soil hardening and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a biological fertilizer for improving soil hardening and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biological fertilizers. Comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-75 parts of decomposed human and animal excreta, 15-20 parts of nano biochar, 20-30 parts of rice hull powder, 5-8 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 4-6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4-6 parts of potassium fertilizer, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 3-5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2-3 parts of organic acid, 1-3 parts of polyglycerol ricinoleate and 4-7 parts of modified vermiculite powder. The biological fertilizer prepared from specific raw materials can provide rich organic matters and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements for soil, so that the problem of soil hardening can be effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of biological fertilizers and relates to a biological fertilizer for improving soil compaction and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, the world is facing the serious problems of population growth and environmental degradation. The large-scale use of inorganic fertilizers in agricultural production will also make environmental degradation more serious. In order to make agriculture sustainable, it is improved by applying biofertilizers. However, many varieties of biofertilizers in China are of varying quality. Some add a lot of chemical fertilizers to the fertilizers, some simply use animal manure to process, and some are applied in very small amounts and cannot be used as the main fertilizer. They have a single effect and are sold at a high price.

[0003] In traditional extensive agricultural production, farmers have used a large amount of chemical fertilizers and difficult-to-degrade, highly toxic pesticides, which have caused soil acidification and hardening, continuous accumulation of harmful substances, a decrease in beneficial soil microorganisms, and a gradual decrease in fertilizer utilization. In agricultural production, beneficial microorganisms can obtain specific fertilizer effects and play a key role in the growth of plants. Specific biological fertilizers can effectively solve these problems, improve the physical and chemical structure of the soil, and restore soil fertility.

[0004] Soil compaction refers to the phenomenon that the soil surface lacks organic matter and has poor structure, which leads to structural destruction and soil dispersion due to external factors such as irrigation or rainfall, and the soil surface becomes hard due to cohesive force after drying. This is a common problem in agricultural production.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a biofertilizer that can be used to improve soil compaction. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a biofertilizer for improving soil compaction and a preparation method thereof. The biofertilizer prepared by the present invention can provide the soil with rich organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, thereby effectively improving the problem of soil compaction.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A biofertilizer for improving soil compaction, the biofertilizer comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-75 parts of decomposed human and animal feces, 15-20 parts of nano-biochar, 20-30 parts of rice husk powder, 5-8 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 4-6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4-6 parts of potash fertilizer, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 3-5 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-3 parts of organic acid, 1-3 parts of polyglycerol ricinoleate and 4-7 parts of modified vermiculite powder;

[0009] The preparation process of the modified vermiculite powder is as follows:

[0010] The vermiculite powder is calcined at 280-320° C. for 0.5-1 h, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain the calcined vermiculite powder;

[0011] The calcined vermiculite powder is placed in a sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 100-150 g / L, heated in a water bath at 30-40° C. and stirred for 1.5-3 h, then a dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide solution with a concentration of 0.3-0.4 mmol / L is added, the temperature is raised to 70-80° C. and stirring is continued for 3-5 h, and the solvent is removed by centrifugation after cooling to room temperature, the solid is taken out, washed with distilled water for 3 times, dried at 80-90° C. for 5-8 h, ground and sieved through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain modified vermiculite powder.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the preparation method of the nano biochar is as follows:

[0013] Dry the water hyacinth at 60-80°C for 30-48h, crush the water hyacinth after drying, place the crushed water hyacinth powder in a pyrolysis furnace, keep it warm at 100-150°C for 0.5-1h, mix the water hyacinth powder and glycine in a mass ratio of 1:(0.4-0.6) and wash it with deionized water, freeze-dry it to obtain a mixture powder, grind the mixture powder and transfer it to an atmosphere furnace, heat it under nitrogen, raise the temperature to 400-500°C at a heating rate of 5-10°C / min, and pyrolyze it for 2-4h to obtain a solid;

[0014] After cooling naturally to room temperature, the obtained solid was washed with ethanol and deionized water respectively, filtered, and freeze-dried to obtain biochar;

[0015] The biochar and deionized water are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:(5-10), slowly added into a sand mill under stirring conditions, and sand milled at a rotation speed of 1000-3000 rpm for 5-8 hours to obtain the nano biochar.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the potash fertilizer is one or more of potassium humate, potassium phosphate and potassium nitrate.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the organic acid is one or more of malic acid, gluconic acid and shikimic acid.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the weight ratio of the calcined vermiculite powder, the sodium chloride solution and the dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide solution is (3-5): (60-80): (30-45).

[0019] A method for preparing a biological fertilizer for improving soil compaction comprises the following preparation steps:

[0020] S1. Mix the decomposed human and animal feces, rice husk powder and nano-biochar evenly by weight, and sterilize at 120-122° C. for 30-35 min to obtain a mixture A;

[0021] S2, add humic acid and potash fertilizer to mixture A, mix well, then add Bacillus subtilis, stir well, culture aerobically for 2 to 3 days, and then culture anaerobically for 10 to 15 days to obtain mixture B;

[0022] S3, continue to add calcium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, organic acid, potash fertilizer, polyglycerol ricinoleate and modified vermiculite powder, mix and stir evenly to obtain mixture C;

[0023] S4, composting the mixture C into a cone shape, and cultivating the compost for 15 to 20 days to obtain the biofertilizer for improving soil compaction.

[0024] In the present invention, water hyacinth is used as a raw material to form biochar after high-temperature carbonization under anaerobic conditions, and glycine is added during the carbonization process. Glycine, as an organic small molecule, can promote the carbonization process and help form a more stable and porous carbon structure. At the same time, glycine is rich in nitrogen, and its decomposition product fixes nitrogen in the biochar, which can increase the nitrogen content of the biochar, obtain nitrogen-rich biochar, make the nitrogen in the biofertilizer more abundant, provide rich carbon and nitrogen sources for soil microorganisms, promote the reproduction and metabolic activities of microorganisms, and then improve the biological fertility of the soil.

[0025] The prepared nano-biochar has strong adsorption and stability, and can effectively increase the content of soil organic matter, improve soil fertility, and thus improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Nano-biochar has a porous structure and a high specific surface area, which can increase the porosity and permeability of the soil, improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, and thus effectively alleviate the problem of soil compaction. In addition, the pore structure and hydrophilicity of nano-biochar give it good water retention capacity, which helps to maintain soil moisture and reduce soil compaction caused by water evaporation.

[0026] Vermiculite powder contains K, Mg, Ca, Fe and trace elements such as Mn, Cu, Zn, etc., and has multiple functions such as water retention, water storage and providing mineral fertilizers. In the present invention, vermiculite powder is first subjected to thermal expansion by roasting, which can increase the interlayer distance and specific surface area of ​​vermiculite, so that it has better water absorption and water retention, and simultaneously improves the air permeability and porosity of soil, which is conducive to alleviating soil compaction. Then, vermiculite is treated by sodium chloride solution to further expand the internal average pore size of vermiculite powder, and then vermiculite is treated by dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide, which can enhance the adsorption capacity of vermiculite powder to water, nutrients and harmful substances through the characteristics of its surfactant, improve its stability in soil, and the modified vermiculite powder can absorb and store a large amount of water and nutrients, reduce the loss of water and nutrients, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil, improve soil fertility and air permeability, and improve soil structure.

[0027] The present invention uses potash fertilizer to provide potassium element, promote plant growth and enhance stress resistance; uses calcium dihydrogen phosphate to provide phosphorus and calcium elements; uses magnesium sulfate to provide magnesium and sulfur elements, participates in chlorophyll synthesis, improves photosynthesis efficiency, improves soil structure, enhances soil fertility, and promotes microbial activity; uses organic acid to adjust soil pH, promotes nutrient release, and improves nutrient utilization rate; in addition, the cellulose in the rice husk powder added by the present invention is conducive to loosening the soil and preventing the soil from becoming compacted.

[0028] In the present invention, bacillus subtilis is added to the biofertilizer, and bacillus subtilis can decompose some difficult-to-decompose substances in the soil, accelerate the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, improve the soil aggregate structure, increase the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, thereby alleviating the problem of soil compaction. At the same time, bacillus subtilis and its secretions can accelerate the mineralization and release of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, increase the nutrient content of the soil, provide sufficient nutrition for plants, and contribute to the survival and reproduction of beneficial bacteria, form a dominant bacterial community, and further improve the soil microecological environment.

[0029] Polyglycerol ricinoleate is a biodegradable high molecular surfactant that can be decomposed and utilized by microorganisms in the soil, providing a carbon source for soil microorganisms, thereby promoting their growth and reproduction. Polyglycerol ricinoleate interacts with soil particles through its molecular structure, which helps to form and stabilize soil aggregates, thereby improving soil structure. At the same time, polyglycerol ricinoleate improves the soil's ability to retain water and nutrients through its hydrophilicity and surface activity, indirectly promoting the improvement of soil structure.

[0030] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0031] The biofertilizer prepared by the present invention through specific raw materials can provide rich organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements for the soil, thereby effectively improving the problem of soil compaction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the embodiments.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Preparation of modified vermiculite powder:

[0035] The vermiculite powder was calcined at 300°C for 0.8h, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain calcined vermiculite powder;

[0036] The calcined vermiculite powder is placed in a sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 120 g / L, heated in a water bath at 35°C and stirred for 2 hours, then a dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide solution with a concentration of 0.35 mmol / L is added, the temperature is raised to 75°C and stirring is continued for 4 hours, the solvent is removed by centrifugation after cooling to room temperature, the solid is taken out and washed with distilled water for 3 times, dried at 85°C for 7 hours, ground and sieved through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain modified vermiculite powder, wherein the weight ratio of the calcined vermiculite powder, the sodium chloride solution and the dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide solution is 4:70:38.

[0037] Preparation of Nano-biochar:

[0038] The water hyacinth was dried at 70°C for 39 hours, and then the water hyacinth was crushed after drying. The crushed water hyacinth powder was placed in a pyrolysis furnace and kept warm at 120°C for 0.8 hours. The water hyacinth powder and glycine were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:0.5, and washed with deionized water. The mixture was freeze-dried to obtain a dry powder. The dry powder was ground and transferred to an atmosphere furnace, heated under nitrogen conditions, and the temperature was raised to 450°C at a heating rate of 8°C / min. The solid was pyrolyzed for 3 hours.

[0039] After cooling naturally to room temperature, the obtained solid was washed with ethanol and deionized water respectively, filtered, and freeze-dried to obtain biochar;

[0040] The biochar and deionized water were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:8, slowly added into a sand mill under stirring conditions, and sand milled at a rotation speed of 2000 rpm for 6 hours to obtain the nano biochar.

[0041] Preparation of biofertilizer to improve soil compaction:

[0042] S1. Mix 68 parts of decomposed human and animal feces, 18 parts of nano-biochar, and 25 parts of rice husk powder by weight, and sterilize them at 121° C. for 32 minutes to obtain a mixture A.

[0043] S2, add 25 parts of humic acid to mixture A, mix well, then add 4 parts of Bacillus subtilis, stir well, culture aerobically for 2 days, and then culture anaerobically for 12 days to obtain mixture B;

[0044] S3, continue to add 6 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of potassium humate, 2.5 parts of malic acid, 2 parts of polyglycerol ricinoleate and 5 parts of modified vermiculite powder, mix and stir evenly to obtain mixture C;

[0045] S4. The mixed material C is piled into a cone shape for composting, and the composting is cultured for 18 days to obtain the biofertilizer for improving soil compaction.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] Preparation of modified vermiculite powder:

[0048] The vermiculite powder was calcined at 280°C for 0.5h, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain calcined vermiculite powder;

[0049] The calcined vermiculite powder is placed in a sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 100 g / L, heated in a water bath at 30°C and stirred for 1.5 hours, then a dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide solution with a concentration of 0.3 mmol / L is added, the temperature is raised to 70°C and stirring is continued for 3 hours, the solvent is removed by centrifugation after cooling to room temperature, the solid is taken out and washed with distilled water for 3 times, dried at 80°C for 5 hours, ground and sieved through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain modified vermiculite powder, wherein the weight ratio of the calcined vermiculite powder, the sodium chloride solution and the dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide solution is 3:60:30.

[0050] Preparation of Nano-biochar:

[0051] The water hyacinth was dried at 60°C for 30 hours, and then the water hyacinth was crushed after drying. The crushed water hyacinth powder was placed in a pyrolysis furnace and kept warm at 100°C for 0.5 hours. The water hyacinth powder and glycine were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:0.4, and washed with deionized water. The mixture was freeze-dried to obtain a dry powder. The dry powder was ground and transferred to an atmosphere furnace, heated under nitrogen conditions, and the temperature was raised to 400°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min. The solid was obtained by pyrolysis for 2 hours.

[0052] After cooling naturally to room temperature, the obtained solid was washed with ethanol and deionized water respectively, filtered, and freeze-dried to obtain biochar;

[0053] The biochar and deionized water were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:5, and slowly added into a sand mill under stirring conditions, and sand milled at a rotation speed of 1000 rpm for 5 hours to obtain the nano biochar.

[0054] Preparation of biofertilizer to improve soil compaction:

[0055] S1. Mix 60 parts of decomposed human and animal feces, 15 parts of nano-biochar, and 20 parts of rice husk powder by weight, and sterilize at 120° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a mixture A;

[0056] S2, add 20 parts of humic acid to mixture A, mix well, then add 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, stir well, culture aerobically for 2 days, and then culture anaerobically for 10 days to obtain mixture B;

[0057] S3, continue to add 5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4 parts of potassium humate, 2 parts of malic acid, 1 part of polyglycerol ricinoleate and 4 parts of modified vermiculite powder, mix and stir evenly to obtain mixture C;

[0058] S4. The mixed material C is piled into a cone shape for composting, and the composting is cultured for 15 days to obtain the biofertilizer for improving soil compaction.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] Preparation of modified vermiculite powder:

[0061] The vermiculite powder was calcined at 320°C for 1 hour, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain calcined vermiculite powder;

[0062] The calcined vermiculite powder is placed in a sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 150 g / L, heated in a water bath at 40°C and stirred for 3 hours, then a dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide solution with a concentration of 0.4 mmol / L is added, the temperature is raised to 80°C and stirring is continued for 5 hours, the solvent is removed by centrifugation after cooling to room temperature, the solid is taken out and washed with distilled water for 3 times, dried at 90°C for 8 hours, ground and sieved through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain modified vermiculite powder, wherein the weight ratio of the calcined vermiculite powder, the sodium chloride solution and the dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide solution is 5:80:45.

[0063] Preparation of Nano-biochar:

[0064] The water hyacinth was dried at 80°C for 48 hours, and then the water hyacinth was crushed after drying. The crushed water hyacinth powder was placed in a pyrolysis furnace and kept warm at 150°C for 1 hour. The water hyacinth powder and glycine were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:0.6, and washed with deionized water. The mixture was freeze-dried to obtain a dry powder. The dry powder was ground and transferred to an atmosphere furnace, heated under nitrogen conditions, and the temperature was raised to 500°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min. The solid was pyrolyzed for 4 hours.

[0065] After cooling naturally to room temperature, the obtained solid was washed with ethanol and deionized water respectively, filtered, and freeze-dried to obtain biochar;

[0066] The biochar was mixed with deionized water in a mass ratio of 1:10, and slowly added into a sand mill under stirring conditions, and sand milled at a rotation speed of 3000 rpm for 8 hours to obtain the nano biochar.

[0067] Preparation of biofertilizer to improve soil compaction:

[0068] S1. Mix 75 parts of decomposed human and animal feces, 20 parts of nano-biochar, and 30 parts of rice husk powder by weight, and sterilize them at 122° C. for 35 minutes to obtain a mixture A.

[0069] S2, add 30 parts of humic acid and to mixture A, mix well, then add 5 parts of Bacillus subtilis, stir well, culture aerobically for 3 days, and then culture anaerobically for 15 days to obtain mixture B;

[0070] S3, continue to add 8 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6 parts of potassium humate, 3 parts of malic acid, 3 parts of polyglycerol ricinoleate and 7 parts of modified vermiculite powder, mix and stir evenly to obtain mixture C;

[0071] S4. The mixed material C is piled into a cone shape for composting, and the composting is cultivated for 20 days to obtain the biological fertilizer for improving soil compaction.

[0072] Comparative Example 1

[0073] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that glycine is not added during the preparation of nano-biochar in Comparative Example 1, and the other operations are the same.

[0074] Comparative Example 2

[0075] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that the vermiculite powder in Comparative Example 2 is not treated with dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide, and the other operations are the same.

[0076] Comparative Example 3

[0077] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that the vermiculite powder in Comparative Example 3 is not modified, and the other operations are the same.

[0078] Performance Test:

[0079] The biofertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were used to fertilize the apple plantation land. 2 The experimental field is the experimental area, and the fertilization method is to apply fertilizer once every 7 days, with a fertilizer amount of 0.3kg / m 2 , spread all the fertilizer evenly, plough the soil deeply, and treat the unfertilized land (50m 2) was used as the blank group, where the units of organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and exchangeable calcium were all mg / kg. The test was conducted 30 days after the first fertilization, and the soil-related data obtained are shown in the following table:

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] According to the above data, the soil condition treated in the embodiment group is improved, wherein the pH value, organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and exchangeable calcium of the soil are higher than those of the blank group and the comparative example. Therefore, the biological fertilizer prepared by the present invention can provide the soil with rich organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, thereby effectively improving the problem of soil compaction.

[0083] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biological fertilizer for improving soil compaction, characterized in that: The biofertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-75 parts of decomposed human and animal feces, 15-20 parts of nano biochar, 20-30 parts of rice husk powder, 5-8 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 4-6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4-6 parts of potash fertilizer, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 3-5 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-3 parts of organic acid, 1-3 parts of polyglycerol ricinoleate and 4-7 parts of modified vermiculite powder; The preparation process of the modified vermiculite powder is as follows: The vermiculite powder is calcined at 280-320° C. for 0.5-1 h, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain the calcined vermiculite powder; The calcined vermiculite powder is placed in a sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 100-150 g / L, heated in a water bath at 30-40° C. and stirred for 1.5-3 h, then a dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide solution with a concentration of 0.3-0.4 mmol / L is added, the temperature is raised to 70-80° C. and stirring is continued for 3-5 h, and the solvent is removed by centrifugation after cooling to room temperature, the solid is taken out, washed with distilled water for 3 times, dried at 80-90° C. for 5-8 h, ground and sieved through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain modified vermiculite powder.

2. The biological fertilizer for improving soil compaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the nano biochar is as follows: Dry the water hyacinth at 60-80°C for 30-48h, crush the water hyacinth after drying, place the crushed water hyacinth powder in a pyrolysis furnace, keep it warm at 100-150°C for 0.5-1h, mix the water hyacinth powder and glycine in a mass ratio of 1:(0.4-0.6) and wash it with deionized water, freeze-dry it to obtain a mixture powder, grind the mixture powder and transfer it to an atmosphere furnace, heat it under nitrogen, raise the temperature to 400-500°C at a heating rate of 5-10°C / min, and pyrolyze it for 2-4h to obtain a solid; After cooling naturally to room temperature, the obtained solid was washed with ethanol and deionized water respectively, filtered, and freeze-dried to obtain biochar; The biochar and deionized water are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:(5-10), slowly added into a sand mill under stirring conditions, and sand milled at a rotation speed of 1000-3000 rpm for 5-8 hours to obtain the nano biochar.

3. The biological fertilizer for improving soil compaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The potash fertilizer is one or more of potassium humate, potassium phosphate and potassium nitrate.

4. The biological fertilizer for improving soil compaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic acid is one or more of malic acid, gluconic acid and shikimic acid.

5. The biological fertilizer for improving soil compaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the calcined vermiculite powder, the sodium chloride solution and the dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide solution is (3-5): (60-80): (30-45).

6. A method for preparing a biological fertilizer for improving soil compaction according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method comprises the following preparation steps: S1. Mix the decomposed human and animal feces, rice husk powder and nano-biochar evenly by weight, and sterilize at 120-122° C. for 30-35 min to obtain a mixture A; S2, add humic acid to mixed material A, mix well, then add Bacillus subtilis, stir well, culture aerobically for 2 to 3 days, and then culture anaerobically for 10 to 15 days to obtain mixed material B; S3, continue to add calcium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, organic acid, potash fertilizer, polyglycerol ricinoleate and modified vermiculite powder, mix and stir evenly to obtain mixture C; S4, composting the mixture C into a cone shape, and cultivating the compost for 15 to 20 days to obtain the biofertilizer for improving soil compaction.

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