Countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor

Abstract

A valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor utilizes a static mechanical structure to automatically generate periodic countercurrent detonation shock waves. The generated detonation shock waves are controllable and adjustable in terms of high temperature, high pressure, and high speed. The present invention utilizes the thermodynamic characteristics of detonation shock waves and can generate stable and controllable detonation shock waves without the need for precise valve control and ignition timing control, thereby resolving the bottleneck in the development of high-speed shock wave engine technology used in high-speed aircraft. Another application is to remove the hazards of flammable and explosive gases and safely handle the high-concentration VOCs waste gas treatment problem that has remained unsolved for a century in the petrochemical and chemical industries. The main structure of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor without valve control includes: a group of detonation shock wave reactor tubes containing detonation accelerators, which are composed of a plurality of serially connected reduced diameter pipe sections, expanded diameter pipe sections and straight pipe sections; a boiling heat transfer enhancement structure is provided on the outer surface of the detonation shock wave reactor tube; multiple gas reactant dispersion feed pipes that can provide gas mixing and terminate the countercurrent detonation shock wave extend into the detonation reactor tube; an anti-detonation flame arrester; multiple sets of ignition devices are installed in the straight pipe section of the detonation shock wave reactor tube; a detonation wave exhaust pipe and a secondary vortex air jacket are installed downstream of the straight pipe section of the detonation shock wave reactor tube.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention is a valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor, which utilizes a static mechanical structure to automatically generate periodic countercurrent detonation shock waves. The generated detonation shock waves are controllable and adjustable in terms of high temperature, high pressure and high speed. The present invention utilizes the thermodynamic characteristics of detonation shock waves and can generate stable and controllable detonation shock waves without the need for precise valve control and ignition timing control, thereby resolving the bottleneck in the development of high-speed shock wave engine technology used in high-speed aircraft. Another application is to remove the harmfulness of flammable and explosive gases and safely handle the high-concentration VOCs waste gas treatment problem that has been unresolved for a century in the petrochemical and chemical industries. Background Art

[0002] Detonation refers to a mixture of combustible gas and an appropriate amount of air or oxygen contained within a container. Ignition of this mixture at a specific point within the container results in a rapid flame propagation toward the fuel source, a phenomenon known as deflagration. If the flame continues to propagate and combines with a compression wave ahead of it to generate a shock wave, the combustion propagation speed suddenly increases, exceeding the speed of sound and stabilizing. This phenomenon is called a detonation, and the localized reaction area where the compression produces the shock wave is called a detonation shock wave. Detonation shock waves are characterized by high temperatures (reaching over 2000°C), high speeds (reaching over 1000 meters per second), and high pressures (reaching over 3.0-5.0 MPa). These high temperatures and pressures alter the chemical composition of the gas mixture. If this detonation shock wave impacts material, it imparts intense pressure and high temperatures within a very short period of time, while also causing mechanical damage.

[0003] Research on gas deflagration and detonation began in the late 19th century, but the vast majority of this research focused on explosion prevention, disaster relief, weapons, explosives, explosions, and blasting engineering. In recent years, some research has focused on leveraging the supersonic properties of detonation shock waves to develop supersonic high-speed aircraft or various weapon applications. In 2012, Zhang Rongxing applied for a patent for a high-temperature shock wave reactor, utilizing this detonation technology. He applied this patented technology to the treatment of flammable and explosive flare gases and high-concentration organic VOC waste gases. However, Zhang Rongxing's invention was plagued by operational limitations and high-frequency noise from subcooling caused by surface cooling. Furthermore, it posed risks for use with high-concentration organic waste gases within the explosive range, where oxygen is present in the combustible gas reactants. To create turbulent mixing within the detonation tube, a metal static stirring turbulence device was used. However, this static stirring turbulence device was easily damaged by the repeated impact of the high-temperature detonation shock wave. To address these risks, the present invention proposes a valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor. The reactor tube is composed of a plurality of serially connected reduced-diameter, expanded-diameter, and straight sections. Turbulent mixing conditions are created by varying the flow space. Multiple gas feed pipes are then used to provide gas mixing and terminate the countercurrent detonation shock wave. Flame-blocking devices are incorporated into the gas feed pipes to optimize the mixing conditions between the combustible gas and air or oxygen. The gas feed pipes themselves have a flame-blocking function, reducing operational constraints and enabling stable generation of high-temperature detonation shock waves under various operating conditions, thereby causing the combustible gas reactants to undergo oxidation reactions. Furthermore, the outer surface of the reactor tube is machined into a porous structure, which enhances surface boiling. Once a detonation shock wave is generated, the reactor tube rapidly heats up. The porous structure on the reactor tube surface can be utilized to instantly and comprehensively generate bubbles, causing surface boiling. This eliminates high-frequency noise generated by the instantaneous high-temperature, sub-cold boiling of the reactor tube surface caused by the detonation shock wave.

[0004] The main difference between gas deflagration and detonation and general combustion chemical reactions is that deflagration and detonation propagate forward at a certain speed in the form of reaction waves and proceed automatically; the energy of the combustion reaction is transferred to the unburned reactants through heat conduction, thermal radiation and diffusion of combustion gas products; detonation uses the powerful impact compression effect of the explosion shock wave to transfer energy to the unburned reactants.

[0005] Traditional VOCs waste gas treatment technologies utilize combustion reactions that typically propagate at subsonic speeds, ranging from a few millimeters (mm) to several meters (m) per second. Their flame energy density is low, at approximately one hundred millionth that of a detonation reaction. In recent years, driven by energy conservation and carbon reduction efforts, the industry has attempted to utilize combustion technologies in sealed containers to treat flare gases, petrochemical emergency exhaust, or high-concentration VOC waste gases with rapidly fluctuating concentrations and flows. However, the resulting equipment often suffers from sudden flameouts, flashbacks, or explosions, with a near-100% probability of such accidents. This technical difficulty has been a persistent challenge for the petrochemical industry for over a century. Consequently, the petrochemical industry, faced with rapidly fluctuating concentrations and flows of flare gases, emergency exhaust gases, or high-concentration VOC waste gases, has traditionally used high-altitude flares with natural gas-assisted combustion, combined with a large steam puff to force the flames to diffuse. This treatment process is one of the petrochemical industry's most serious sources of pollution.

[0006] Traditional combustion processes propagate slowly (approximately 1 to 4 m / s) and are susceptible to external conditions, particularly ambient pressure and gas flow rate, leading to unexpected flameouts and flashbacks. The detonation technology used in this invention utilizes a detonation shockwave that propagates at speeds far exceeding the speed of sound, typically reaching thousands of meters per second. For example, the shockwave velocity of a 20% hydrogen explosion in air can reach 1,700 meters per second. Because the detonation shockwave travels extremely quickly and is virtually unaffected by external conditions, its detonation velocity remains a fixed constant under certain conditions. Therefore, facing the challenging challenges of rapidly fluctuating VOCs waste gas concentrations and flow rates in the industrial sector, traditional combustion processes are prone to flameouts and explosions. Detonation technology, however, effectively and safely provides a suitable solution.

[0007] This invention utilizes detonation theory to create a countercurrent detonation shockwave reactor that eliminates the need for precise valve timing control and effectively utilizes detonation technology to conduct chemical reactions. This valveless countercurrent detonation shockwave reactor continuously generates gas countercurrent detonation shockwaves, leveraging the high temperature, high pressure, and high speed of these waves to continuously conduct chemical reactions. This reactor can be effectively applied to a wide range of applications, including the treatment of perfluorinated compound (PFC) and VOC waste gases in the semiconductor industry, high-temperature gasification of oils and organic solids, activated carbon production, artificial nanodiamonds, nanomaterials, and nanofuel cells. This technology can also be applied to valveless pulse detonation engines (VPEs). Summary of the Invention

[0008] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor, comprising: a detonation shock wave reactor tube containing a detonation accelerator, which is composed of a plurality of serially connected reduced diameter pipe sections, expanded diameter pipe sections, and straight pipe sections; a heat transfer enhancement structure on the outer surface of the detonation shock wave reactor tube; a plurality of gas reactant dispersion feed pipes capable of providing gas mixing and terminating the countercurrent detonation shock wave; a flame arrester; a plurality of ignition devices installed in the straight pipe sections of the detonation shock wave reactor tube; a detonation wave exhaust pipe installed downstream of the straight pipe sections of the detonation shock wave reactor tube; and a secondary vortex air jacket.

[0009] In the study of gas detonation, most previous research has focused on the generation and application of explosive energy, or on how to prevent the destructive power of explosive energy. Therefore, previous studies have used co-current detonation, where the feed and ignition occur in the same direction. To control the generation of co-current detonation, a semi-batch feeding method is required for gas supply. The procedure is as follows: the combustible gas fuel feed valve and the combustion air feed valve are opened to allow the combustible gas fuel and a specific ratio of combustion air to enter the detonation reaction chamber and mix thoroughly; the gas fuel feed valve and the combustion air feed valve are closed; the mixed gas is ignited, causing the mixed gas to detonate, raising the temperature and pressure of the detonation chamber; the exhaust valve is opened to exhaust the detonation wave; the exhaust valve is closed; the combustible gas fuel feed valve and the combustion air feed valve are opened again, and the semi-batch feeding process of feeding, ignition, detonation, and exhaust is repeated. Since the speed of the detonation wave is as high as more than one kilometer per second, assuming that the length of the detonation shock wave reactor tube is 1 to 2 meters, that is to say, the valve switching control must be completed in less than 1 ms, and the ignition timing control also needs to be precisely controlled to start and complete the moment the valve is closed. This fast and synchronous control constitutes a bottleneck in the development of high-temperature shock engine technology. Therefore, at present, only a few national research and development units have successfully developed basic detonation engine technology.

[0010] According to the results of literature and patent searches, to date, apart from the invention patent of Zhang Rongxing mentioned above, there are no other technical reports and research on the use of continuous detonation technology for chemical reactions, nor are there any other public disclosures of valve-free countercurrent detonation technology.

[0011] The present invention allows the position where the combustible gas is fed and the position where the mixed gas is ignited to be respectively located at the two ends of the detonation shock wave reactor, and the flow of gas is carried out in the opposite direction to the detonation shock wave. Therefore, the combustible gas reactants and chemical reactants can be fed continuously, and through the distributed multiple gas reactant dispersion feeding pipes that can provide gas mixing and terminate the countercurrent detonation shock wave, the combustion air is respectively transported into the detonation shock wave reactor tube composed of a plurality of serially connected reduced diameter pipe sections, expanded diameter pipe sections and straight pipe sections, so that the combustible gas fuel and the combustion air are mixed through the mixing wave nodes formed by the multiple serially connected reduced diameter pipe sections and expanded diameter pipe sections to promote the occurrence of detonation; the combustible gas and the combustion air mixture of a certain proportion will be fully mixed through the mixing wave nodes formed by the reduced diameter pipe section and the expanded diameter pipe section, and when the mixed gas flows to the position of the multiple sets of ignition devices at the downstream end of the straight pipe section, it will be ignited by the continuous generation of plasma sparks. When the ignition device is ignited, it will drive the flame to chase the fuel and move in the countercurrent direction toward the gas fuel feed end. After passing through the mixing wave node formed by the reduced diameter pipe section and the expanded diameter pipe section, the intense mixing promotes the generation of detonation, completely burns the combustible gas in the reactor and generates a detonation shock wave. When the supersonic high-pressure wave front of the detonation shock wave reaches the position of multiple combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipes that can provide gas mixing and terminate the countercurrent detonation shock wave, the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipes extend into the interior of the detonation shock wave reactor tube. The countercurrent detonation shock wave will instantly pass over the outlet end of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe due to its high-speed forward movement, causing the energy supply in front of the detonation shock wave to be lost, and the flame is extinguished by the shock pressure of the detonation shock wave; then the high-pressure detonation shock wave will expand adiabatically due to the lack of energy replenishment, and the reaction products in the detonation shock wave reactor tube will be discharged out of the impact nozzle. During this process, the combustible gas reactants and oxidant can be continuously fed, continuing along the reactor flow direction until they reach the ignition point, where the cycle of feeding, ignition, detonation, and flameout is repeated. This innovative approach leverages the physical properties of detonation to create continuous detonation, providing high-temperature, high-pressure reaction conditions. The detonation shock wave reactor designed using this method has been repeatedly tested on an actual machine developed by the inventors, confirming that the detonation shock wave frequency, detonation pressure, and reaction temperature can be successfully and effectively controlled, with absolutely no operational safety concerns. Practical verification has demonstrated that it can effectively destroy high-concentration VOCs waste gas generated by petrochemical plants, with a destruction efficiency exceeding 99.9%. In a practical demonstration, waste gas from a rubber plant with a source gas concentration as high as 180,000 ppm was treated in a countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor without valve control, reducing VOC emissions to approximately 12 ppm, achieving a destruction efficiency of 99.9%.

[0012] According to detonation theory, the length of the pipe required to convert combustion to detonation in a pipe is related to the pipe diameter, pipe wall roughness, and obstructions. The required pipe length is usually about 60 to 72 times the pipe diameter. This makes it difficult to apply the detonation technology to reactor design, such as when a large pipe diameter is used to treat high-concentration VOCs waste gas with a large flow rate. The present invention utilizes a detonation shock wave reactor tube composed of a plurality of serially connected reduced diameter pipe sections, expanded diameter pipe sections, and straight pipe sections as a detonation accelerator in the detonation shock wave reactor to increase the turbulence of the gas in the reactor and effectively shorten the length required for the gas to produce a detonation phenomenon in the metal reactor tube. This makes the design and operation of the detonation shock wave reactor simple and controllable, and the feed amount of the combustible gas reactants and chemical reactants in the detonation shock wave reactor is no longer limited.

[0013] The present invention's applications include the treatment of hazardous waste gases such as perfluorinated compounds, high-concentration organic waste gases, and volatile organic waste gases from semiconductor and other industrial processes, such as SiH4, CF4, CHF3, C2F6, and NF3; as well as a wide range of applications, including VOC waste gas treatment, high-temperature gasification of oils or organic solids, activated carbon production, artificial nanodiamond production, nanomaterial production, and nanofuel cell production. By utilizing the instantaneous high temperature, high pressure, and high speed of detonation to replace traditional energy-consuming high-temperature heating and pressurization procedures, significant energy savings can be achieved. Furthermore, the present invention can also be applied to impact detonation engines, serving as propulsion engines for hypersonic vehicles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 An embodiment of a valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor of the present invention is shown;

[0015] Figure 2 The following shows the steps for using the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor of the present invention.

[0016] Reference numerals:

[0017] 1. Countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor without valve control;

[0018] 10. Combustible gas reactants;

[0019] 12. Combustible gas reactant feed pipe;

[0020] 14. Combustible gas reactant feed mixing chamber;

[0021] 16. Combustible gas reactant feeding section;

[0022] 18 flame arrester;

[0023] 20 Fixed end plate of combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe;

[0024] 22. Combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe;

[0025] 24. Flame prevention structure inside the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe;

[0026] 30 oxidants;

[0027] 32 oxidant feed pipe;

[0028] 34 oxidant feed mixing and distribution chamber;

[0029] 40 oxidant feeding section;

[0030] 50 Detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate;

[0031] 60 Detonation shock wave reactor body;

[0032] 62 cooling facilities;

[0033] 66 Detonation shock wave reactor tube;

[0034] 68 heat transfer enhancement structure;

[0035] 70 Detonation Accelerator;

[0036] 71 reduced diameter pipe section;

[0037] 72 expanded pipe section;

[0038] 73 straight pipe section;

[0039] 74 Detonation wave discharge pipe;

[0040] 75 cooling water inlet;

[0041] 76 cooling water outlet;

[0042] 80 ignition device group;

[0043] 90 Detonation shock wave reactor outlet section;

[0044] 92 Secondary air jacket;

[0045] 94 Impact nozzle;

[0046] 100 reaction products;

[0047] 110 feeding step;

[0048] 120 filled with steps;

[0049] 130 Ignition Steps;

[0050] 140 Deflagration Steps;

[0051] 150 Deflagration Acceleration Step;

[0052] 160 Detonation Steps;

[0053] 170 flame extinguishing steps;

[0054] 180 Back shock discharge steps. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] In order to provide a better understanding of the present invention, the following diagram is used as an example to describe a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor, such as Figure 1 As shown; the operation mode of the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor of the present invention is as follows Figure 2 The accompanying drawing shows a preferred embodiment of the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor of the present invention, and its principle and operation are described below.

[0057] The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 of the present invention comprises: a combustible gas reactant feed section 16, a detonation flame arrester 18, an oxidant feed section 40, a detonation shock wave reactor body 60, and a detonation shock wave reactor outlet section 90.

[0058] The countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control is characterized in that the combustible gas reactant feed section 16 includes a combustible gas reactant feed pipe 12 and a combustible gas reactant feed mixing chamber 14; the oxidant feed section 40 includes an oxidant feed pipe 32 and an oxidant feed mixing and distribution chamber 34; the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 includes a combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe fixed end plate 20, a detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50, a detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 containing a detonation promoter 70, a cooling facility 62 is provided on the outside of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66, and a plurality of combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipes 22 and a plurality of ignition device groups 80 are provided inside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66.

[0059] The combustible gas reactant 10 is introduced into the combustible gas reactant feeding mixing chamber 14 through the combustible gas reactant feeding pipe 12; the oxidant 30 is introduced into the oxidant feeding mixing distribution chamber 34 through the oxidant feeding pipe 32; the flame arrester 18 is installed at the outlet of the combustible gas reactant feeding mixing chamber 14, and is followed by a combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe fixed end plate 20 connected to the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22; the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 is installed at the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22. The material pipe is fixed with an end plate 20 and passes through the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50; the detonation accelerator 70 in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is composed of a plurality of serially connected reduced diameter pipe sections 71, expanded diameter pipe sections 72 and straight pipe sections 73; the installation of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 protrudes from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50, so that it has the function of providing gas mixing and terminating the countercurrent detonation shock wave; the ignition device 80 is installed at the downstream end of the detonation accelerator 70; the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 is used to The combustible gas reactant 10 is continuously injected into the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66; the oxidant 30 is continuously injected into the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 using the oxidant feed pipe 32; the detonation accelerator 70 is used to promote the mixing of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30; the ignition device 80 is used to ignite the gas mixture of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66; the detonation accelerator 70 in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is used to make the ignited gas mixture Backfire generates a countercurrent detonation shock wave; the countercurrent detonation shock wave is used to pass through the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe 22 protruding from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50, so that the detonation shock wave impacts the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 and extinguishes the flame; the pressure release and expansion after the detonation shock wave is extinguished are used to generate a countershock wave to discharge the reaction products out of the detonation shock wave reactor body 60; the above procedures are repeated continuously, so that the combustible gas reactant 10 can continuously utilize the high temperature, high pressure and high speed of the detonation shock wave to undergo a chemical reaction.

[0060] The following further explains and analyzes the operating principle of the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 of the present invention:

[0061] The combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 are filled in the detonation shock wave reactor body 60;

[0062] The first step in the operation of the counter-flow detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control is to fill the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the counter-flow detonation shock wave reactor 1 with combustible gas reactants 10 and oxidant 30, and fully mix them through the detonation accelerator 70 composed of a plurality of serially connected reduced diameter pipe sections 71, expanded diameter pipe sections 72 and straight pipe sections 73. Assuming that the composition of the combustible gas reactants 10 can be expressed as , and the nitrogen percentage in the combustible gas reactant 10 is ω%, then the combustion equilibrium equation of the VOC waste gas or the combustible gas reactant 10 is:

[0063] (1)

[0064] Assume that the flow rate of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 mixture in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is Q (m 3 / s), the diameter of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is D t (m), and the length from the ignition point of the multiple ignition devices 80 in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 to the bottom of the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 at the supply end of the combustible gas reactant 10 is L (m). The time required for the mixture of combustible gas reactant 10 and oxidant 30 to fill the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is:

[0065] (2)

[0066] in, The theoretical stoichiometric air ratio for combustion of combustible gas reactants 10 is .

[0067] V = the volume of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 between the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 and the ignition device assembly 80;

[0068] = air stoichiometric ratio, =1 means equal to the theoretical metered air, that is, the excess air ratio is equal to 0.

[0069] The combustible gas reactant 10 is a high concentration of cyclohexane (C6H 12 50%, N2 50%) VOCs waste gas is treated in a detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 with a diameter of 80 mm and a length of 1.0 m. Assume that the flow rate of the combustible gas reactant 10 is Q VOC = 200 NCMH. %=50%; a=6, b=12, c=d=e=f=0, therefore, =9. The flow rate of the mixed gas of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is:

[0070] = 3628.6 NCMH;

[0071] In this case, the time required for the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 mixed gas to fill the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is:

[0072] .

[0073] The time t required for the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 mixed gas to fill the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 f The flow rate Q of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 is inversely proportional to the flow rate Q of the mixed gas. The faster the flow rate of the combustible gas reactant 10, the more oxidant 30 is required. The filling time t f If you want to clearly observe the reaction of the combustible gas reactant 10 in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 and show a visually visible shock wave, you must reduce the combustible gas reactant flow rate to 10 Nm 3 / hr or less, preferably 1 Nm 3 / hr or below, it can only be observed with the naked eye.

[0074] Ignition and detonation:

[0075] The mixture of combustible gas reactants 10 and oxidant 30 is filled within the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 and flows to the multiple ignition device assemblies 80 installed in the straight pipe section 73 of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66. After being ignited, the combustion front flows back in a countercurrent to chase the combustible gas reactants 10 fuel. The energy generated by the reaction compresses the gas. The detonation accelerator 70, which comprises a plurality of serially connected reduced diameter pipe sections 71, expanded diameter pipe sections 72, and straight pipe sections 73 within the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66, quickly transforms the combustion reaction into a detonation shock wave. The multiple ignition device assemblies 80 in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 can be plasma ignition devices, using a DC high-voltage current supply to provide a tip discharge to generate plasma ignition. To ensure the normal operation of the igniter, the ignition device group 80 inside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 should use a plasma ignition device that will not be blown out by the detonation shock wave, such as a plasma torch or a plasma spark plug; the ignition device group 80 is usually made into multiple groups connected in parallel and equipped with current detection and safety interlocks to ensure safe operation of the equipment.

[0076] Backflow Detonation Shockwave:

[0077] According to thermodynamic analysis, the detonation shock wave generated inside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is a supersonic shock wave generated by a chemical reaction. Idealized theoretical analysis of the detonation shock wave can be described using the Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) detonation theory; the detonation shock wave generated inside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 will chase the combustible gas reactant 10 fuel, and the fluid flow velocity behind the detonation shock wave is at the speed of sound relative to the detonation shock wave. Therefore, according to detonation theory, the speed of the detonation shock wave generated inside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is a specific speed U CJ, which is a function of the composition of the combustible gas reactant 10 and oxidant 30 gas mixture and its thermodynamic properties.

[0078] The velocity UCJ of the detonation shock wave generated inside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 and the pressure P after the detonation shock wave CJ , can be deduced and calculated based on the composition and thermodynamic properties of the combustible gas reactant 10 and oxidant 30 gas mixture. Therefore, the time required for the detonation shock wave generated inside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 to chase the fuel (i.e., the combustible gas reactant 10 and oxidant 30 gas mixture) back to the combustible gas reactant 10 fuel supply end of the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50, which is provided by multiple combustible gas reactant distribution feed pipes 22 that can provide gas mixing and terminate the counterflow detonation shock wave, is .

[0079] The combustible gas reactant 10 is a high concentration cyclohexane (C6H 12 Taking the treatment of VOCs waste gas (N2 50%) in a detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 with a diameter of 80 mm and a length of 1.0 m as an example, the detonation shock wave velocity U generated by the mixture of combustible gas reactants 10 and oxidant 30 in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 under normal pressure is CJ It is about 1,800 m / s, that is, the time required for the detonation shock wave to flow from the ignition point to the bottom of the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 is about This is only about one tenth of the time (0.005 seconds) required for the aforementioned gas to fill the interior of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66.

[0080] Discharge of detonation gas products:

[0081] The detonation shock wave generated inside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 travels at a speed U CJ and the pressure P after the detonation shock wave CJ After the combustible gas supply end of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is hit by multiple combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipes 22 that can provide gas mixing and terminate the countercurrent detonation shock wave, and the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 on which the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipes 22 are installed, the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipes 22 extend beyond the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 and enter the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66, so that the detonation shock wave will quickly pass over the end of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22, causing the combustible gas reactant 10 fuel supply to disappear instantly, causing the detonation shock wave in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 to be instantly extinguished. The detonation shock wave generated in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 will no longer have energy supply for the high-pressure gas inside, and will be unable to maintain its compression effect on the gas, and will be reduced from pressure PCJ The adiabatic expansion and decompression are automatically carried out, and the gas volume increases instantly, and the combustion reaction product 100 is discharged from the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66. The time required is ,in > 1, is the expansion ratio of the high-pressure gas in the detonation shock wave.

[0082] Operating frequency of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control:

[0083] In the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66, the period of the high-temperature detonation shock wave is the sum of the filling time, the detonation shock wave backflow time, and the detonation product discharge time. Therefore, the frequency of the detonation shock wave generated in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is .

[0084] Based on the operating principle of the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 described above, the following is further described in detail with reference to an embodiment:

[0085] The valveless countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 can be used in conjunction with conventional VOCs waste gas treatment equipment, such as an RTO (regenerative thermal oxidizer) or a DFTO (direct fired thermal oxidizer). For example, the valveless countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 can be installed in the combustion chamber of an RTO to treat low-concentration VOCs waste gas while the valveless countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 can be used to treat high-concentration VOCs waste gas, thereby separating the low-concentration VOCs waste gas from the high-concentration VOCs waste gas for safe treatment. When using a countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control, the combustible gas reactant 10 that requires high-temperature reaction or high-temperature oxidation destruction is first continuously introduced into the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control through the combustible gas reactant feed pipe 12. The combustible gas reactant 10 can be introduced through multiple groups of combustible gas reactant feed pipes 12, first mixed through the combustible gas reactant feed mixing chamber 14, and then flow through the flame arrester 18 downstream of the combustible gas reactant feed mixing chamber 14 for safety protection to avoid the accident of flashback. Then, the combustible gas reactant 10 is dispersed into multiple streams using the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe 22 fixed to the fixed end plate 20 of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe. The combustible gas reactant 10 is then fed into the detonation shock wave reactor pipe 66 of the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 through the detonation shock wave reactor pipe end plate 50. At the same time, the oxidant 30 required for the oxidation reaction of the combustible gas reactant 10 is continuously injected into the oxidant feed mixing and distribution chamber 34 through the oxidant feed pipe 32 and mixed evenly, and then fed into the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 through multiple openings on the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50.

[0086] To ensure safe operation of the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1, the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 should be fed only after the ignition assembly 80 is activated. This ensures that the mixture of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 entering the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 within the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 can be ignited by the ignition assembly 80, thereby generating a detonation shock wave. Conversely, to stop the operation of the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 of the present invention, the feeding of the combustible gas reactant 10 must first be stopped, and then the ignition assembly 80 must be turned off to ensure safe operation of the system.

[0087] The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 has multiple combustible gas reactant feed pipes 12, which can be a single feed pipe or multiple feed pipes, so that multiple combustible gas reactants 10 can be fed simultaneously and continuously. Simultaneously, the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 also has multiple oxidant feed pipes 32, which can be a single feed pipe or multiple feed pipes, and can receive simultaneous and continuous feeding of air, inert gas, oxygen, water, catalyst, etc.

[0088] Secondly, the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 installed inside the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 of the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 of the present invention contains a detonation promoter 70, which can promote the mixing of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30, so that the gas mixture of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 flows evenly from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 to the reaction product outlet 100 in the detonation shock wave reactor body 60, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 The feeding step 110 is shown as the filling step 120. When the gas mixture of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 reaches the position of the ignition device group 80 installed on the straight pipe section 73 downstream of the detonation accelerator 70, the gas mixture of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 will be ignited by the ignition device group 80, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown in the ignition step 130. Since there is no flammable gas downstream of the ignition device group 80, the flame will be backfired toward the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 of the counterflow detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control, generating a counterflow flame that moves toward the detonation accelerator 70, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown in the deflagration step 140; the flame then passes through the detonation promoter 70 to provide good mixing, so that the ignited combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 combustible gas mixture quickly burns, heats up, pressurizes, and accelerates, and then turns toward generating a countercurrent detonation (Countercurrent Detonation), as shown in FIG. Figure 2 The detonation acceleration step 150 shows that the detonation shock wave continues to compress the combustible gas mixture of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidizer 30 to react, and continues to accelerate to reach the CJ shock wave speed, as shown in FIG. Figure 2As shown in the detonation step 160. When the detonation shock wave reaches the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 of the counterflow detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control, since the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 extends beyond the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50, the detonation shock wave quickly surpasses the combustible gas reactant 10 combustible fuel supply passing through the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 outlet end, and the combustible gas reactant 10 supply is instantly cut off, causing the detonation shock wave to instantly have no energy supply, resulting in instant flame extinction. At the same time, the pressure of the detonation shock wave is used to extinguish the flame, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown in the flame extinguishing step 170; after the detonation shock wave loses the fuel supply of the combustible gas reactant 10 and extinguishes the flame, since there is no longer any energy to supply it to compress the gas, it undergoes adiabatic expansion instantly, causing the volume to expand rapidly and form a recoil wave, which discharges the reaction product 100 in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 from the detonation shock wave reactor outlet section 90, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 The process from the ignition step 130 to the flameout step 170 and then to the back-shock discharge step 180 is extremely fast, requiring only a few milliseconds to a few tenths of a second, depending on the design of the detonation accelerator 70. The detonation shock wave reactor outlet section 90 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control is connected to a subsequent device such as a combustion chamber of an RTO, a DFTO, or a boiler. During operation, the back-shock wave of the detonation shock wave is used to discharge the reaction product 100 from the detonation shock wave reactor outlet section 90, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 The gas is discharged in step 180 and then fed into the combustion chamber of the RTO, DFTO, or boiler for energy recovery. During the above-described operation, the feed of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 can continue stably, and the process of turbulent mixing, ignition, countercurrent detonation, and flameout of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 is repeated continuously, allowing the combustible gas reactant 10 to continuously react or be destroyed within the valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 using the high temperature and high pressure of the detonation shock wave.

[0089] In the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control, the combustible gas reactant distribution feeding pipe 22 extends into the interior of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 after passing through the opening of the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50. The length of the protrusion from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 determines the flame extinction stability of the countercurrent detonation shock wave. Experimental tests have found that a stable flame extinction effect can be achieved when the length of the combustible gas reactant distribution feeding pipe 22 protruding from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 is more than twice the detonation shock wavelength. However, since the concentration and composition of the combustible gas reactant 10 may change at any time, in order to ensure the stability of the flame extinction effect, experimental tests have verified that when the length of the combustible gas reactant distribution feeding pipe 22 protruding from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 is more than 1.5 times the detonation shock wavelength, it can cope with the possible changes in the concentration and composition of the combustible gas reactant 10 at any time and can produce a stable flame extinction effect.

[0090] The detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 installed in the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 of the valveless countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 contains a set of detonation accelerators 70. The purpose is to promote the thorough mixing of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30. Secondly, when the mixed gas of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 is ignited, the detonation accelerator 70 can quickly accelerate the combustion reaction of the mixed gas, thereby converting the deflagration into detonation. Therefore, the detonation accelerator 70 used in the present invention can be composed of a combination of a plurality of cascade-connected reduced diameter pipe sections 71, expanded diameter pipe sections 72, and straight pipe sections 73. Through appropriate combination, the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 gas mixture can form a vortex-type turbulent mixing through the detonation accelerator 70, thereby achieving the effect of forced mixing without using a power device. Once the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidizer 30 gas mixture is ignited, the detonation accelerator 70 will promote the generation of detonation, thereby generating a detonation shock wave.

[0091] Through theoretical analysis and experimental testing, it was determined that the minimum diameter of the reduced diameter section 71 of the detonation accelerator 70 within the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 is 1 / 3 to 1 times the diameter of the straight section 73 of the detonation accelerator 70; the maximum diameter of the expanded diameter section 72 of the detonation accelerator 70 is 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the straight section 73 of the detonation accelerator 70; and the spacing between adjacent reduced diameter sections 71 of the detonation accelerator 70 is 1 to 3 times the diameter of the straight section 73. Furthermore, based on theoretical analysis and experimental results from the embodiments, the optimal design conditions were found to be: the minimum diameter of the reduced diameter section 71 of the detonation accelerator 70 is optimally 1 times the diameter of the straight section 73 of the detonation accelerator 70; the maximum diameter of the expanded diameter section 72 of the detonation accelerator 70 is optimally 2 times the diameter of the straight section 73 of the detonation accelerator 70; and the spacing between adjacent reduced diameter sections 71 of the detonation accelerator 70 is optimally 2 times the diameter of the straight section 73 of the detonation accelerator 70.

[0092] Because the flame flashes back toward the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 of the valveless countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1, the detonation velocity is extremely high. The detonation frequency is primarily determined by the feed rate of the mixture of combustible gas reactants 10 and oxidant 30, as well as the operating temperature and pressure of the valveless countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1. The faster the feed rate, the higher the temperature, and the lower the pressure, the higher the detonation frequency. The velocity, temperature, and pressure of the detonation shock wave are primarily determined by the concentration, composition, temperature, and pressure of the combustible gas reactants, and are unrelated to the feed rate.

[0093] The ignition device group 80 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control can use a single ignition device; it can also use two ignition devices; it can also use three ignition devices; it can also use four ignition devices. It can also use any number of four or more ignition devices, which can be used partially or fully; or partially used and can be switched and replaced online. However, at least one or more ignition devices must be maintained in use to ensure that the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidizer 30 gas mixture are actually ignited, so that the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control can operate year-round without downtime for maintenance. The ignition device group 80 must not be blown out or damaged by the detonation shock wave, so a general automotive spark plug or plasma torch can be used. The ignition device group 80 can have an online current detection element to ensure the safety of system operation.

[0094] The gas fuel that can be used as the combustible gas reactant 10 of the valveless countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 can be hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, acetylene, benzene, toluene, xylene, IPA, hydrogen, styrene, cyclohexane, isoprene, furan, or other recycled gas fuels separated by the process. Taking hydrogen as the combustible gas reactant 10 as an example, the countercurrent detonation shock wave generated in the valveless countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 at normal pressure will produce a detonation phenomenon starting at a hydrogen concentration of about 8%. As the concentration gradually increases, the pressure of the detonation shock wave also gradually increases; when the hydrogen concentration reaches about 31%, the detonation shock wave pressure reaches a maximum pressure of 1.6 MPa; thereafter, if the hydrogen concentration continues to increase, the detonation shock wave pressure gradually decreases. The concentration range of hydrogen that can produce detonation is about 9% to 56%.

[0095] The relationship between the temperature of the countercurrent detonation shock wave generated in the non-valve-controlled countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 at normal pressure and the hydrogen concentration is that when the hydrogen concentration starts to increase from about 8%, the temperature of the detonation shock wave also gradually increases from 1280 K; when the hydrogen concentration reaches about 31%, the detonation shock wave temperature reaches a maximum temperature of 2980 K; thereafter, if the hydrogen concentration continues to increase, the detonation shock wave temperature gradually decreases.

[0096] The relationship between the velocity of the countercurrent detonation shock wave generated in the non-valve-controlled countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 at normal pressure and the hydrogen concentration is that when the hydrogen concentration is about 8%, the velocity of the detonation shock wave gradually increases from 1164 m / s; when the hydrogen concentration reaches about 30%, the velocity of the detonation shock wave reaches 1971 m / s; thereafter, if the hydrogen concentration continues to increase, the velocity of the detonation shock wave continues to increase, and when the hydrogen concentration reaches 56%, the velocity of the detonation shock wave can reach 2222 m / s.

[0097] For example, using propane as the combustible gas reactant 10, the relationship between the pressure of the counterflow detonation shock wave generated in a valveless counterflow detonation shock wave reactor 1 at atmospheric pressure and propane concentration is as follows: detonation occurs starting at approximately 0.8% propane concentration, and the pressure of the detonation shock wave gradually increases as the concentration increases. When the propane concentration reaches approximately 4.8%, the detonation shock wave pressure reaches a maximum pressure of 1.9 MPa. Thereafter, as the propane concentration continues to increase, the detonation shock wave pressure gradually decreases. The propane concentration range that produces detonation is approximately 0.8% to 11.2%.

[0098] The relationship between the temperature of the countercurrent detonation shock wave generated in the non-valve-controlled countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 at normal pressure and the propane concentration is that when the propane concentration gradually increases from about 0.8%, the temperature of the detonation shock wave also increases rapidly from 1160 K; when the propane concentration reaches about 4.8%, the detonation shock wave temperature reaches a maximum temperature of 2850 K; thereafter, if the propane concentration continues to increase, the detonation shock wave temperature gradually decreases.

[0099] The relationship between the velocity of the countercurrent detonation shock wave generated in the non-valve-controlled countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 at normal pressure and the propane concentration is that when the propane concentration starts to reach about 0.8%, the velocity of the detonation shock wave also gradually increases from 1091 m / s; when the propane concentration reaches about 4.8%, the detonation shock wave velocity reaches 1836 m / s; thereafter, if the propane concentration continues to increase, unlike the case of the continuous increase in the detonation shock wave velocity of hydrogen, the propane detonation shock wave velocity will gradually decrease. When the propane concentration reaches 11.2%, the detonation shock wave velocity decreases to 1536 m / s.

[0100] The higher the original supply pressure of the combustible gas reactant 10, the higher the pressure of the detonation shock wave generated in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the counterflow detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control. For example, if the original pressure is 0.2 MPa, the pressure of the detonation shock wave generated in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the counterflow detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control will become twice the pressure of the detonation shock wave generated if the original pressure is 0.1 MPa, and so on.

[0101] By using the relationship diagram between the pressure, temperature and velocity of the detonation shock wave generated in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control and the concentration of the combustible gas reactant 10, the concentration of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the system operating pressure can be adjusted and controlled, so as to effectively control the temperature and pressure of the detonation shock wave generated in the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control to meet the needs of the chemical reaction.

[0102] The oxidant 30 used in the non-valve-controlled countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 can be air, an inert gas, oxygen, water, a catalyst, or the like. The oxidant 30 is fed into the oxidant feed mixing and distribution chamber 34 via an oxidant feed pipe 32, and then into the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 through multiple openings in the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50. The composition and feed ratio of the oxidant 30 depend primarily on the chemical reaction to be achieved.

[0103] Taking a PFCs treatment device generally connected to four sets of exhaust gas inlets as an example, where a gas mixture of SiH4, CF4, C2F6, C3F8, SF6, etc. needs to be treated as a chemical reactant at a rate of 200 L / min per unit time, the conventional technology uses a plasma torch with a power of about 10 to 30 kW, while the detonation shock wave reactor 1 of the present invention only requires an ignition device group 80 with a power of about 150 W.

[0104] Taking the gasification treatment of biomass waste, waste oil, and waste organic solvents as an example, the gaseous fuel used as the combustible gas reactant 10 in the valveless countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 can be hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, acetylene, or other recycled gaseous fuel separated by the process. Biomass waste, waste oil, waste organic solvent, or a mixture thereof can be atomized or vaporized and then introduced as the combustible gas reactant 10 into the valveless countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor via a combustible gas reactant feed pipe. The oxidant 30 can be oxygen plus a certain amount of water.

[0105] In order to protect the combustible gas reactants 10 of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control from flashback and explosion accidents, the present invention has three layers of protection:

[0106] (1) The first layer of protection is to extend the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 out of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe fixed end plate 20, so that when the detonation shock wave counterflow hits the detonation shock wave reactor pipe end plate 50, the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 outlet for supplying combustible gas reactant will become behind the detonation shock wave, so that the fuel energy supply of the detonation shock wave is instantly interrupted and the flame is automatically extinguished;

[0107] (2) The second layer of protection is to provide a flame barrier structure 24 inside the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe 22 that is in direct contact with the detonation shock wave. The maximum experimental safety distance MESG of the flame barrier element is determined by the type of combustible gas reactant 10, but should be between 0.3 mm and 1.0 mm. Since the type of combustible gas reactant 10 may contain a variety of gases, the rigorous approach is to treat the combustible gas reactant 10 as a Class IIC gas for protection. Therefore, the optimal maximum experimental safety distance MESG of the flame barrier element is between 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm.

[0108] (3) The third layer of protection is the use of a detonation-proof flame arrester 18. Once the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe 22, which has an internal flame arrester structure 24 for the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe, is destroyed, a third line of defense is required for system safety protection. The maximum experimental safety distance MESG of the flame arrester 18 is determined by the type of combustible gas reactant 10, but should be between 0.3 mm and 1.0 mm. Since the type of combustible gas reactant 10 may contain a variety of gases, the rigorous approach is to treat the combustible gas reactant 10 as a Class IIC gas for protection. Therefore, the maximum experimental safety distance MESG of the optimal flame arrester element is between 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm.

[0109] To achieve the first level of protection, the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 of the valveless counterflow detonation shock wave reactor 1 has multiple openings, some of which are designed to allow the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipes 22 to pass through, while the remaining openings allow the oxidant 30 to flow through. This allows the combustible gas reactant 10 to be fully mixed with the oxidant 30. The detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 has openings for the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipes 22 to pass through, and the opening diameter is 1.0 to 2.0 times the diameter of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipes 22; the opening diameter is larger than the diameter of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipes 22 for the oxidant to flow through. To promote sufficient mixing of the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30, the openings of the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate 50 have internal spiral flow disturbance devices to promote mixing of the oxidant 30 and the combustible gas reactant 10.

[0110] Since the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 of the counterflow detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control is repeatedly swept by the high-temperature and high-pressure detonation shock wave, it will gradually heat up. When the furnace temperature of the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 reaches above the auto-ignition temperature of the combustible gas reactant 10, the gas mixture will automatically burn. Therefore, if Figure 1As shown, in order to effectively control and utilize the characteristics of countercurrent detonation, a cooling facility 62 is provided outside the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the detonation shock wave reactor body 60. Coolant enters the cooling facility 62 through a coolant inlet 75 and exchanges heat with the outer wall of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the detonation shock wave reactor body 60, removing energy from the outer wall of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 and discharging it through a coolant outlet 76. The cooling fluid can be cooled by an external cooling device and reused. After cooling, the outer wall of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 of the detonation shock wave reactor body 60 maintains an average internal temperature below the auto-ignition temperature of the combustible gas reactant 10, thereby maintaining stable countercurrent detonation operation of the countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 without valve control. The coolant can be the combustible gas reactant 10, the oxidant 30, or cooling water. When the combustible gas reactant 10 or the oxidant 30 is used as a coolant, a coil of the combustible gas reactant 10 or the oxidant 30 needs to be laid on the surface of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 to provide cooling.

[0111] When cooling water is used as the coolant, the countercurrent detonation reaction between the combustible gas reactant 10 and the oxidant 30 gas mixture within the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 generates a transient high-temperature shock wave within the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66, causing the surface of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66 to generate a transient high-temperature shock wave. If cooling water is used as the fluid in the cooling facility 62, the transient high temperature will cause intense subcooled boiling on the outer surface of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66, thereby generating an intense whistling and harsh noise. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor 1 of the present invention has an interconnected porous structure layer formed on the outer surface of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66. Once a bubble is generated on the outer surface of the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66, a chain reaction will occur, uniformly generating bubbles across the entire heat transfer surface, effectively enhancing boiling heat transfer and increasing the boiling heat transfer coefficient by more than 10 times, thereby resolving the problem of whistling and harsh noise generated by the detonation shock wave reactor tube 66. According to theoretical analysis, the effective pore size of porous boiling enhancement structures is 1 to 100 μm. In cooling water applications, the optimal pore size is 30 to 50 μm. Porous boiling enhancement structures can be fabricated using powder metallurgy or machining.

[0112] The above description is only illustrative of the present invention and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art will understand that many modifications, changes or equivalents may be made without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the claims, but all of them will fall within the scope that can be defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor comprising: a combustible gas reactant feeding section; - a detonation flame arrester; oxidant feeding section; a detonation shock wave reactor body; a detonation shock wave reactor outlet section; It is characterized by: The combustible gas reactant feeding section includes: Combustible gas reactant feed pipe; a combustible gas reactant feed mixing chamber; The oxidant feed section contains: oxidant feed pipe; an oxidant feed mixing and distribution chamber; The detonation shock wave reactor body includes: a fixed end plate for the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe; a detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate; a detonation shock wave reactor tube containing a detonation booster; 1. Cooling facilities; A plurality of combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipes; Ignition device group; The combustible gas reactant is introduced into the combustible gas reactant feeding mixing chamber through the combustible gas reactant feeding pipe; The oxidant is introduced into the oxidant feed mixing and distribution chamber through the oxidant feed pipe; The flame arrester is installed at the outlet of the combustible gas reactant feeding mixing chamber, and a combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe fixed end plate is provided behind it, which is connected to the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe; The combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe is installed on the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe fixed end plate and passes through the detonation shock wave reactor pipe end plate to feed the combustible gas reactant into the detonation shock wave reactor pipe; The detonation accelerator in the detonation shock wave reactor tube is composed of a plurality of serially connected reduced diameter pipe sections, expanded diameter pipe sections and straight pipe sections; The installation of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe protrudes from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate, so that it has the function of providing gas mixing and terminating the countercurrent detonation shock wave; The ignition device is installed at the downstream end of the detonation promoter; The combustible gas reactant is continuously injected into the detonation shock wave reactor tube by using the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding tube; Continuously injecting the oxidant into the detonation shock wave reactor tube using the oxidant feed tube; Using a detonation accelerator to promote the mixing of combustible gas reactants and oxidizers; The ignition device is used to ignite the combustible gas reactant and the oxidant gas mixture in the detonation shock wave reactor tube; Using a detonation accelerator in a detonation shock wave reactor tube, the ignited gas mixture is flashed back to generate a countercurrent detonation shock wave; The countercurrent detonation shock wave is used to pass through the combustible gas reactant dispersion feed pipe protruding from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate, so that the detonation shock wave impacts the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate and extinguishes the flame; The detonation shock wave is used to release pressure and expand after flame extinction to generate a counter-shock wave to discharge the reaction products out of the detonation shock wave reactor body; The above procedure is repeated continuously so that the combustible gas reactants can continuously utilize the high temperature, high pressure and high speed of the detonation shock wave to carry out chemical reactions.

2. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Cooling water is used for cooling the detonation shock wave reactor body.

3. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the cooling facilities of the detonation shock wave reactor body, oxidant cooling is used.

4. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the cooling facilities of the detonation shock wave reactor body, combustible gas reactants are used for cooling.

5. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The maximum experimental safety distance MESG of the detonation flame arrester is determined by the combustible gas reactants, but is between 0.3 mm and 1.0 mm.

6. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The maximum experimental safety distance MESG of the detonation flame arrester is between 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm.

7. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling facility is provided with a porous boiling enhancement structure on the outer surface of the detonation shock wave reactor tube.

8. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pore size of the porous boiling enhancement structure is 1 to 100 μm.

9. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pore size of the porous boiling enhancement structure is 30 to 50 μm.

10. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple combustible gas reactant feeding pipes, which receive continuous feeding of multiple combustible gas reactants at the same time.

11. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 10, characterized in that: The combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe is provided with a porous structure at its outlet end to have a backfire prevention function, and its MESG is less than 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm.

12. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 10, characterized in that: The combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe is provided with a porous structure at its outlet end to have a backfire prevention function, and its MESG is less than 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm.

13. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 10, characterized in that: The porous structure inside the outlet end of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe is made by sintering metal powder.

14. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple oxidant feeding pipes, which receive continuous feeding of multiple oxidants at the same time.

15. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ignition device has multiple ignition devices, and the ignition devices are used in full or in part.

16. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 15, characterized in that: The ignition device has the function of online replacement.

17. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 15, characterized in that: The ignition device group has an in-line current sensing element.

18. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 15, characterized in that: The ignition device group is a plasma torch.

19. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 15, characterized in that: The ignition device group is a spark plug.

20. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature and pressure of the detonation shock wave are controlled by regulating the type, concentration, feed temperature and feed pressure of the combustible gas reactants.

21. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detonation frequency of the detonation shock wave is controlled by the combustible gas reactant and oxidant feed rates, feed temperature, and feed pressure.

22. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The minimum diameter of the reduced diameter pipe section of the detonation accelerator in the detonation shock wave reactor tube is 1 / 3 to 1 times the diameter of the straight pipe section of the detonation accelerator; the maximum diameter of the expanded diameter pipe section is 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the straight pipe section of the detonation accelerator; and the spacing between adjacent reduced diameter pipe sections is 1 to 3 times the diameter of the straight pipe section.

23. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 22, characterized in that: The minimum diameter of the reduced diameter pipe section of the detonation accelerator is 1 times the diameter of the straight pipe section of the detonation accelerator.

24. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 22, characterized in that: The maximum diameter of the expanded pipe section of the detonation accelerator is twice the diameter of the straight pipe section of the detonation accelerator.

25. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 22, characterized in that: The spacing between adjacent reduced-diameter pipe sections of the detonation accelerator is twice the diameter of the straight pipe section.

26. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe extends into the detonation shock wave reactor tube after passing through the opening of the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate, and the length protruding from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate is more than 1 times the detonation shock wavelength.

27. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 26, characterized in that: The combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe extends into the detonation shock wave reactor tube after passing through the opening of the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate, and the length protruding from the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate is more than 1.5 times the detonation shock wavelength.

28. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate has a plurality of openings, wherein some of the openings have combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipes passing therethrough, and the remaining openings are for oxidant to flow through.

29. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 28, characterized in that: The tube end plate of the detonation shock wave reactor is provided with an opening for the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe to pass through, and the diameter of the opening is 1.0 to 2.0 times the diameter of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe.

30. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 28, characterized in that: The detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate has an opening through which the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe passes, and the gap which is larger than the diameter of the combustible gas reactant dispersion feeding pipe is used for the oxidant to flow.

31. The valve-free countercurrent detonation shock wave reactor according to claim 28, characterized in that: The opening of the detonation shock wave reactor tube end plate is provided with an internal turbulence facility to promote turbulent mixing of the oxidant and the combustible gas reactants.

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