Intelligent design method of tunnel open cut tunnel top drainage structure

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent design method of a tunnel open cut tunnel top drainage structure, and relates to the technical field of tunnel design, and the method comprises the steps: building a natural terrain model according to a tunnel open cut tunnel local coordinate system; based on the natural terrain model, a peripheral three-dimensional terrain model after open cut tunnel backfilling is generated; determining an open cut tunnel top terrain line according to the peripheral three-dimensional terrain model, and determining a drainage structure type corresponding to the top of the open cut tunnel according to the open cut tunnel top terrain line; limiting boundary conditions are set, and the optimal starting point and the optimal ending point of the center line of the drainage structure are determined within the limiting boundary conditions according to the type of the drainage structure; determining an optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint condition of the optimal starting point and the optimal ending point; and optimizing the cross section size of the drainage structure according to different section gradients in the drainage structure to obtain an optimal cross section size, and generating a drainage structure three-dimensional solid model based on the optimal three-dimensional center line and the optimal cross section size. The design efficiency of the drainage structure can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to an intelligent design method for a drainage structure at the top of a tunnel. Background Art

[0002] In the open-cut railway mountain tunnel project, in order to prevent surface water from scouring the soil above the open-cut tunnel, causing insufficient soil thickness or long-term residence, leading to downward seepage and erosion of the tunnel open-cut structure, it is necessary to set up a drainage structure above the open-cut tunnel to assist in water collection and drainage. In this regard, the determination of the center line and cross-section is the main content of the design of the drainage structure at the top of the open-cut tunnel. The two must ensure that the design results have sufficient interception and drainage capabilities to ensure the safety and stability of the tunnel open-cut during construction and operation.

[0003] At present, the design of drainage structures at the top of tunnels is based on a two-dimensional plane, and the main solution process is as follows: (1) The designer preliminarily determines a water flow trace as the two-dimensional center line of the drainage structure based on the contour lines of the topographic map around the tunnel and design experience; (2) Points are taken at a certain interval along the water flow trace and the slope between the two points is calculated; (3) According to the design flow, the minimum slope on the trace and the standard drainage slope limit, the required water flow cross-sectional area is calculated, and the drainage structure cross-section is determined accordingly. It can be seen that the traditional method of designing tunnel drainage structures is highly dependent on manual experience and cannot meet the current needs of efficient design.

[0004] The above contents are only used to assist in understanding the technical solution of the present application and do not constitute an admission that the above contents are prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of this application is to provide an intelligent design method for the top drainage structure of a tunnel open hole, aiming to solve the technical problem that the traditional method of designing the tunnel open hole drainage structure is highly dependent on manual experience and cannot meet the requirements of efficient design.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application proposes an intelligent design method for a drainage structure at the top of a tunnel open hole, and the intelligent design method for a drainage structure at the top of a tunnel open hole comprises:

[0007] Create a natural terrain model based on the local coordinate system of the tunnel;

[0008] Based on the natural terrain model, a surrounding three-dimensional terrain model after the open hole is backfilled is generated;

[0009] Determine the topographic line of the open hole according to the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, and determine the drainage structure type corresponding to the top of the tunnel open hole according to the topographic line of the open hole;

[0010] Setting limiting boundary conditions, and determining the optimal starting and ending points of the center line of the drainage structure according to the drainage structure type within the limiting boundary conditions;

[0011] Under the constraints of the optimal starting and ending points, determining the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure;

[0012] The cross-sectional dimensions of the drainage structure are optimized according to the slopes of different sections in the drainage structure to obtain the optimal cross-sectional dimensions, and a three-dimensional solid model of the drainage structure is generated based on the optimal three-dimensional center line and the optimal cross-sectional dimensions.

[0013] In one embodiment, the drainage structure types include longitudinal tunnel top ditches for one-way drainage, transverse water diversion channels for one-way drainage, and transverse water diversion channels for two-way drainage; wherein the steps of determining the topographic line of the open tunnel according to the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, and determining the drainage structure type corresponding to the top of the tunnel according to the topographic line of the open tunnel include:

[0014] After cutting the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, extracting the top terrain line of the open hole, wherein the top terrain line of the open hole includes a horizontal top terrain line of the open hole and a longitudinal top terrain line of the open hole;

[0015] Iteratively simplify the topographic line of the open hole to obtain a simplified topographic line of the open hole;

[0016] When the simplified open-cut tunnel top topographic line is a longitudinal ground line that changes monotonically and the transverse ground line has a depression, the drainage structure type is determined to be a longitudinal tunnel top ditch with one-way drainage;

[0017] When the simplified topographic line of the open hole is a longitudinal ground line with a depression and the transverse ground line changes monotonically, the drainage structure type is determined to be a transverse water diversion aqueduct with one-way drainage;

[0018] When the simplified topographic line of the open hole is a depression in the longitudinal ground line and a bulge in the transverse ground line, it is determined that the drainage structure type is a transverse water diversion aqueduct with bidirectional drainage.

[0019] In one embodiment, the step of setting limiting boundary conditions and determining the optimal starting and ending points of the drainage structure centerline according to the drainage structure type within the limiting boundary conditions includes:

[0020] Set the limiting boundary conditions as the design range;

[0021] According to the drainage structure type, after determining the side with a higher boundary in the design range as the starting point search trace, a swarm optimization algorithm is used to search for a water confluence point on the starting point search trace, and the water confluence point is used to determine the optimal starting point of the optimal starting and ending points;

[0022] The design range is used as the search area, and the lowest point is searched out using a group optimization algorithm, and the lowest point is determined as the optimal end point of the optimal starting and ending points.

[0023] In one embodiment, the step of searching for the water confluence point on the starting point search trace using a swarm optimization algorithm comprises:

[0024] Generating a zebra individual according to a first search variable in the first population parameter and a first search space, and assigning a random position to the zebra individual in the first search space, wherein the first search variable is the horizontal coordinate or the vertical coordinate of the target point, and the first search range is the design range;

[0025] Determine a first fitness value of the zebra individual at a random position according to a first fitness function, and use the position of the zebra individual corresponding to the maximum first fitness value as the first current global optimal position, wherein the first fitness function is used to represent the height difference between the target point and the highest points on its left and right sides;

[0026] After updating the positions of all zebra individuals according to foraging rules and defense rules, a new first current global optimal position is re-determined until the number of updates is greater than the preset number of iterations. Then, the largest first current global optimal position is selected from all the first current global optimal positions, and the largest first current global optimal position is determined as the confluence point on the starting point search trace.

[0027] In one embodiment, the step of determining the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraints of the optimal starting and ending points includes:

[0028] Determining the drainage structure direction according to the drainage structure type;

[0029] Under the constraint conditions of the optimal starting and ending points, the design range is divided into a plurality of strips along the drainage structure direction according to a preset accuracy, and a control point value range of each control point is determined according to the plurality of strips;

[0030] Based on the control point value range, a swarm optimization algorithm is used to search for an optimal control point coordinate combination, and the control point coordinates of the optimal control point coordinate combination are connected to generate an optimal three-dimensional center line.

[0031] In one embodiment, the step of searching for the optimal control point coordinate combination using a swarm optimization algorithm includes:

[0032] Generate a zebra individual according to a second search variable in the second population parameter and a second search space, and assign a random position to the zebra individual in the second search space, wherein the second search variable is the horizontal coordinate or the vertical coordinate of the dividing line control point, and the second search space is the value range of the control point;

[0033] Determine a second fitness value of the zebra individual at a random position according to a second fitness function, and use the position of the zebra individual corresponding to the maximum second fitness value as the second current global optimal position, wherein the second fitness function is used to represent the length of the center line of the three-dimensional structure;

[0034] After updating the positions of all zebra individuals according to foraging rules and defense rules, a new second current global optimal position is re-determined until the number of updates is greater than the preset number of iterations. Then, the largest second current global optimal position is selected from all the second current global optimal positions, and the largest second current global optimal position is determined as the optimal control point coordinate combination.

[0035] In one embodiment, the step of setting limiting boundary conditions and determining the optimal starting and ending points of the drainage structure centerline according to the drainage structure type within the limiting boundary conditions includes:

[0036] Set the limiting boundary condition to the existing intercepting gutter;

[0037] Using a swarm optimization algorithm to search for the optimal starting point of the optimal starting and ending points on the light-dark boundary section;

[0038] Based on the optimal starting point, a swarm optimization algorithm is used according to a preset step size to gradually search for an optimal end point that intersects with the existing intercepting gutter.

[0039] In one embodiment, the step of gradually searching for the optimal end point intersecting with the existing intercepting gutter based on the optimal starting point and using a swarm optimization algorithm according to a preset step size includes:

[0040] Generating a zebra individual according to a third search variable and a third search space in the third population parameter, and assigning a random position to the zebra individual in the third search space, wherein the third search variable is an azimuth, and the third search space is a preset angle;

[0041] Starting the search with the optimal starting point as the current control point, determining a third fitness function based on the distance between the current control point and the existing water interception gutter, the minimum slope penalty of the line connecting the current control point and the previous control point, and the turning angle penalty;

[0042] Determine a third fitness value of the zebra individual at a random position according to a third fitness function, and take the position of the zebra individual corresponding to the minimum third fitness value as the third current global optimal position;

[0043] After updating the positions of all zebra individuals according to the foraging rules and the defense rules, a new third current global optimal position is re-determined until the number of updates is greater than the preset number of iterations, the smallest third current global optimal position is selected from all the third current global optimal positions, the next control point is determined according to the smallest third current global optimal position, and the next control point is used as the new current control point to search for a new next control point, until the line connecting the current control point and the next control point intersects with the existing water interception ditch, the intersection point is determined as the optimal end point, and all control points between the optimal starting point and the optimal end point are determined;

[0044] The step of determining the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint conditions of the optimal starting and ending points comprises:

[0045] Under the constraint condition of the optimal starting point of the optimal starting and ending points, the optimal three-dimensional center line is obtained by sequentially connecting the optimal starting point, all control points and the optimal end point.

[0046] In one embodiment, the step of optimizing the cross-sectional dimensions of the drainage structure according to the slopes of different sections in the drainage structure to obtain the optimal cross-sectional dimensions comprises:

[0047] Determine the allowable flow calculation formula for each segment drainage structure;

[0048] When the allowable flow rate is equal to the design flow rate, based on the allowable flow rate calculation formula and the slope, the minimum cross-sectional height or minimum sidewall slope required for each stage is calculated by adopting the sidewall priority strategy or the height priority strategy;

[0049] The cross-sectional size of the drainage structure is optimized according to the minimum cross-sectional height or the minimum side wall slope to obtain the optimal cross-sectional size.

[0050] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application also proposes an intelligent design device for a drainage structure at the top of a tunnel open hole, the intelligent design device for a drainage structure at the top of a tunnel open hole comprising:

[0051] A creation module for creating a natural terrain model based on the local coordinate system of the tunnel;

[0052] A generation module, used to generate a surrounding three-dimensional terrain model after the open hole is backfilled based on the natural terrain model;

[0053] A determination module, used to determine the topographic line of the open hole according to the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, and determine the drainage structure type corresponding to the top of the tunnel open hole according to the topographic line of the open hole;

[0054] The determination module is further used to set limiting boundary conditions and determine the optimal starting and ending points of the drainage structure centerline according to the drainage structure type within the limiting boundary conditions;

[0055] The determination module is further used to determine the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint conditions of the optimal starting and ending points;

[0056] The generation module is also used to optimize the cross-sectional dimensions of the drainage structure according to the slopes of different sections in the drainage structure to obtain the optimal cross-sectional dimensions, and generate a three-dimensional solid model of the drainage structure based on the optimal three-dimensional center line and the optimal cross-sectional dimensions.

[0057] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present application also proposes an intelligent design device for the top drainage structure of a tunnel open hole, the device comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the computer program being configured to implement the steps of the intelligent design method for the top drainage structure of a tunnel open hole as described above.

[0058] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application also proposes a storage medium, which is a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program is stored on the storage medium. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the intelligent design method of the tunnel open hole top drainage structure as described above are implemented.

[0059] The intelligent design of the drainage structure at the top of the tunnel open hole proposed in the present application is achieved by creating a natural terrain model according to the local coordinate system of the tunnel open hole; based on the natural terrain model, a surrounding three-dimensional terrain model after the open hole is backfilled is generated; the terrain line of the top of the open hole is determined according to the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, and the type of drainage structure corresponding to the top of the tunnel open hole is determined according to the terrain line of the top of the open hole; restrictive boundary conditions are set, and the optimal starting and ending points of the center line of the drainage structure are determined according to the drainage structure type within the restrictive boundary conditions; under the constraints of the optimal starting and ending points, the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure is determined; the cross-sectional dimensions of the drainage structure are optimized according to the slopes of different sections in the drainage structure to obtain the optimal cross-sectional dimensions, and a three-dimensional solid model of the drainage structure is generated based on the optimal three-dimensional center line and the optimal cross-sectional dimensions, so as to solve the problem. The technical problem that the traditional method of designing tunnel open hole drainage structure is highly dependent on manual experience and cannot meet the requirements of efficient design is solved. Compared with the existing technology, the present application uses digitalization, automation and intelligent concepts to intelligently design and model the drainage structure at the top of the tunnel open hole. It can automatically calculate the optimal starting point of the tunnel drainage structure, and intelligently search for the optimal center line while meeting the requirements of interception and drainage capacity and the principle of controlling engineering quantity, thereby greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of the drainage structure center line design. The drainage structure is divided into different sections by automatically optimizing the cross-section according to the slope of different positions of the drainage structure, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the drainage structure in each section is automatically adjusted according to the slope of each section, avoiding the problem of waste of engineering costs caused by the existing design based on the most unfavorable slope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 A flow chart of the first embodiment of the intelligent design method for the drainage structure at the top of the tunnel open hole of the present application;

[0061] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the ground surface after the open hole is backfilled on the control section provided in the first embodiment of the intelligent design method for the drainage structure on the top of the open hole of the tunnel in the present application;

[0062] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a longitudinal tunnel top water ditch provided in Example 1 of the intelligent design method for the top drainage structure of a tunnel open hole in the present application;

[0063] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a one-way drainage lateral water diversion aqueduct provided in Example 1 of the intelligent design method for the top drainage structure of an open tunnel of the present application;

[0064] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a bidirectional drainage lateral water diversion aqueduct provided in Example 1 of the intelligent design method for the drainage structure at the top of an open tunnel of the present application;

[0065] Figure 6A flow chart of the second embodiment of the intelligent design method for the drainage structure at the top of the tunnel open hole of the present application;

[0066] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the search range for the optimal starting and ending points of the drainage structure provided in Example 2 of the intelligent design method for the top drainage structure of the tunnel open hole of the present application;

[0067] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the control points of the center line of the drainage structure provided in Example 2 of the intelligent design method for the drainage structure at the top of the tunnel open hole of the present application;

[0068] Fig. 9 A flow chart of the third embodiment of the intelligent design method for the drainage structure at the top of the tunnel open hole of the present application;

[0069] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of searching for a drainage structure centerline control point under an existing intercepting gutter condition provided in Example 3 of the intelligent design method for the top drainage structure of a tunnel open hole of the present application;

[0070] Fig.11 A topographic map of the tunnel opening and its surroundings provided for the embodiment of the intelligent design method for the drainage structure at the top of the tunnel opening of the present application;

[0071] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of a local coordinate system and a design range of an open-cut tunnel provided in an embodiment of an intelligent design method for a drainage structure at the top of an open-cut tunnel of the present application;

[0072] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional terrain model of the surrounding area of ​​a tunnel provided for an embodiment of the intelligent design method for the drainage structure at the top of a tunnel in the present application;

[0073] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of the longitudinal topographic line of the left line of the open-cut tunnel provided in the embodiment of the intelligent design method for the drainage structure at the top of the open-cut tunnel of the present application;

[0074] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of the range of intelligent search for the control point of the center line of the drainage structure provided in the embodiment of the intelligent design method for the top drainage structure of the tunnel open hole of the present application;

[0075] Fig.16 A schematic diagram of the results of optimizing the cross-section of each section of the drainage structure along with the slope provided in the embodiment of the intelligent design method for the drainage structure at the top of the tunnel open hole of the present application;

[0076] Fig.17 A drainage structure model provided for the embodiment of the intelligent design method for the drainage structure at the top of the tunnel open hole of the present application and a schematic diagram of the interaction result with the three-dimensional terrain;

[0077] Fig.18A tunnel exit route and a topographic map of its surroundings provided for the embodiment of the intelligent design method for the top drainage structure of the tunnel open hole of the present application;

[0078] Fig.19 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional terrain model after excavation and backfilling of the tunnel opening provided in the embodiment of the intelligent design method for the drainage structure at the top of the tunnel opening of the present application;

[0079] Fig. 20 A schematic diagram of the optimal center line of the drainage structure provided in the embodiment of the intelligent design method for the drainage structure at the top of the tunnel open hole of the present application;

[0080] Fig.21 A drainage structure model provided for the embodiment of the intelligent design method for the drainage structure at the top of the tunnel open hole of the present application and a schematic diagram of the interaction result with the three-dimensional terrain;

[0081] Fig. 22 This is a schematic diagram of the module structure of the intelligent design device for the top drainage structure of the tunnel open hole in the embodiment of the present application;

[0082] Fig.23 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment structure of the hardware operating environment involved in the intelligent design method of the tunnel top drainage structure in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0083] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the technical solutions of the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0084] Since the existing technology uses traditional methods to design tunnel open hole drainage structures, it is highly dependent on manual experience and cannot meet the current needs of efficient design.

[0085] It should be noted that the execution subject of this embodiment can be a computing service device with data processing, network communication and program running functions, such as a tablet computer, a personal computer, a mobile phone, etc., or an electronic device capable of realizing the above functions, an intelligent design device for the drainage structure on the top of a tunnel, etc. The following takes the intelligent design device for the drainage structure on the top of a tunnel as an example to illustrate this embodiment and the following embodiments.

[0086] Based on this, the embodiment of the present application provides an intelligent design method for the drainage structure at the top of a tunnel, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the first embodiment of the intelligent design method for the top drainage structure of the tunnel open hole of the present application.

[0087] In this embodiment, the intelligent design method of the tunnel top drainage structure includes steps S10 to S60:

[0088] Step S10, creating a natural terrain model according to the local coordinate system of the tunnel;

[0089] It should be noted that the local coordinate system of the tunnel open hole is established with the top surface of the inner rail of the left line of the starting mileage of the tunnel open hole as the origin, and the direction of large mileage as the y direction; the search range around the open hole can be determined by expanding from the starting point of the local coordinate system of the tunnel open hole to the directions of large and small mileages and the left and right sides of the line, and finally the terrain point cloud data within the search range around the open hole is extracted and the coordinate system and format conversion is performed to generate a three-dimensional natural terrain model.

[0090] Step S20, generating a surrounding three-dimensional terrain model after the open hole is backfilled based on the natural terrain model;

[0091] It should be noted that the surface control points after excavation can be calculated based on the excavation design parameters of the control section, and the surface control points can be connected to form the excavation outline and then staked out to generate the excavation body model, which can be used to perform a difference operation with the natural terrain model to generate the terrain model after excavation; the backfill body can be generated using the same method, and then a union operation can be performed with the terrain model after excavation to generate the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model after the open hole is backfilled. Figure 2 shown.

[0092] Step S30, determining a topographic line of the open hole according to the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, and determining a drainage structure type corresponding to the top of the tunnel open hole according to the topographic line of the open hole;

[0093] It should be noted that the top terrain line of the Myeongdong can be determined based on the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model. For example, after cutting the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, the top terrain line of the Myeongdong can be drawn along the top of the Myeongdong (the top terrain line of the Myeongdong includes the longitudinal ground line and the transverse ground line). Then, the top terrain line of the Myeongdong can be simplified using the geometric thinning algorithm. Finally, the corresponding drainage structure type can be determined based on the direction and undulating shape of the simplified top terrain line of the Myeongdong.

[0094] In a feasible implementation manner, the drainage structure types include longitudinal tunnel top ditches for one-way drainage, transverse water diversion ducts for one-way drainage, and transverse water diversion ducts for two-way drainage; wherein, the steps of determining the top terrain line of the open tunnel according to the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, and determining the drainage structure type corresponding to the top of the tunnel according to the top terrain line of the open tunnel include: extracting the top terrain line of the open tunnel after cutting the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, wherein the top terrain line of the open tunnel includes a transverse top terrain line of the open tunnel and a longitudinal top terrain line of the open tunnel; and determining the top terrain line of the open tunnel according to the top terrain line of the open tunnel. Iterative simplification is performed to obtain a simplified topographic line of the open tunnel; when the simplified topographic line of the open tunnel is a longitudinal ground line that changes monotonically and a lateral ground line has a depression, the drainage structure type is determined to be a longitudinal tunnel top ditch with one-way drainage; when the simplified topographic line of the open tunnel is a longitudinal ground line that has a depression and a lateral ground line that changes monotonically, the drainage structure type is determined to be a lateral water diversion trough with one-way drainage; when the simplified topographic line of the open tunnel is a longitudinal ground line that has a depression and a lateral ground line has a bulge, the drainage structure type is determined to be a lateral water diversion trough with two-way drainage.

[0095] In the specific implementation, the left line of the open hole can be discretized with a set accuracy of △n meters and the discrete points can be used as plane feature points. Vertical rays can be made through the plane feature points to intersect with the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model after backfilling, and the intersection points can be connected in order to generate the longitudinal ground line at the top of the left line. The same method can be used to generate the horizontal ground line.

[0096] In the specific implementation, the required drainage structure type can be determined based on the simplified topographic line of the open hole. Specifically, the Douglas-Peucker algorithm is used to iteratively simplify the topographic line of the open hole, connect the starting point of the simplified topographic line of the open hole, and calculate the slope to determine its basic direction; secondly, the distance between the starting point and the farthest scattered point is compared with the preset threshold to determine its undulating shape; combined with the basic direction and undulating shape, the ground line form is divided into three categories: longitudinally monotonous and lateral depressions, longitudinally depressed and lateral monotonous, longitudinally depressed and lateral bulges. Specifically: 1. When the topographic line of the open hole is a longitudinal ground line that rises / falls monotonically and the lateral ground line is depressed, the water flows along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the corresponding drainage structure type is a longitudinal cave top ditch with one-way drainage (such as Figure 3 2. When the topographic line of the open tunnel is a depression in the longitudinal ground line, the water will gather horizontally and drain to the left and right sides of the tunnel. At this time, the corresponding transverse water diversion aqueduct type is selected according to the transverse ground line. For example, when the transverse ground line has a monotonic change (monotonous rise / monotonous decline), the corresponding drainage structure type is a one-way diversion transverse water diversion aqueduct (such as Figure 4 For example, when there is a bulge on the horizontal ground line, the corresponding drainage structure type is a horizontal water diversion aqueduct with one-way drainage (such as Figure 5 shown).

[0097] Step S40, setting a limiting boundary condition, and determining the optimal starting and ending points of the center line of the drainage structure according to the drainage structure type within the limiting boundary condition;

[0098] It should be noted that the limiting boundary conditions include the design range or the existing intercepting gutter, and the optimal starting point needs to be determined based on the limiting boundary conditions.

[0099] Step S50, determining the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint conditions of the optimal starting and ending points;

[0100] It should be noted that when the design range is used as the restrictive boundary condition, it is necessary to divide the design range and search for the optimal control point combination located on the dividing line (referring to the dividing line used to divide the design range); when the existing cut-off ditch is used as the restrictive boundary condition, it is necessary to search for the optimal control points one by one according to the preset step size until it exceeds the existing cut-off ditch, and connect the optimal control points to form a three-dimensional center line that meets the design flow requirements and has the shortest length, which serves as the optimal center line of the drainage structure.

[0101] In the specific implementation, when the design range is used as the limiting boundary condition, under the conditions of the optimal starting and ending points of the center line of the drainage structure, the design range is divided according to the direction of the drainage structure and the target accuracy. It is assumed that the center line control points are all located on the dividing line, and an intelligent optimization algorithm is used to search for a set of feasible control point coordinate combinations so that the three-dimensional line slope formed after the projection connection on the terrain surface meets the design flow requirements and has the shortest length, which is used as the optimal center line of the drainage structure.

[0102] In the specific implementation, when the existing cut-off ditch is used as the restrictive boundary condition, under the condition that the starting point of the drainage structure is constrained, the process of searching for the next control point and moving to it by repeatedly using the intelligent optimization algorithm is carried out according to the set target step size and starting from the starting point, until the control point exceeds the boundary of the existing cut-off ditch, and the obtained control points are connected in sequence as the optimal center line of the drainage structure.

[0103] Step S60, optimizing the cross-sectional dimensions of the drainage structure according to the slopes of different sections in the drainage structure to obtain an optimal cross-sectional dimension, and generating a three-dimensional solid model of the drainage structure based on the optimal three-dimensional center line and the optimal cross-sectional dimension.

[0104] It should be noted that the cross-sectional size can be adaptively optimized according to the slopes of different sections of the drainage structure. For example, the drainage structure can be divided into multiple sections using control points, and the required water flow area is calculated based on the design flow and the slope of the section. Finally, the cross-sectional size is adjusted to the optimal value.

[0105] In the specific implementation, the optimized drainage structure cross-section can be used to carry out layout modeling and excavation along the optimal center line. Specifically, the optimal interface size is used to carry out layout along the optimal center line in the modeling software to generate a three-dimensional solid model of the drainage structure, and it is subjected to Boolean operations with the three-dimensional terrain model to directly guide the engineering quantity calculation, construction layout, earth excavation and other processes.

[0106] In a feasible implementation manner, the step of optimizing the cross-sectional dimensions of the drainage structure according to the slopes of different sections in the drainage structure to obtain the optimal cross-sectional dimensions includes: determining the allowable flow calculation formula for each segment drainage structure; when the allowable flow is equal to the design flow, based on the allowable flow calculation formula and the slope, using a sidewall priority strategy or a height priority strategy to reversely calculate the minimum cross-sectional height or minimum sidewall slope required for each stage; optimizing the cross-sectional dimensions of the drainage structure according to the minimum cross-sectional height or the minimum sidewall slope to obtain the optimal cross-sectional dimensions.

[0107] In the specific implementation, the drainage structure can be divided into m segments according to the control point positions. Since the cross-section of the open hole drainage structure is generally trapezoidal, the allowable flow rate of each segment can be determined as:

[0108]

[0109] Where, d i represents the sidewall slope of the ith segment, s i represents the slope of the ith segment, h i represents the cross-sectional depth of the i-th segment, b i represents the bottom width of the i-th segment, and n represents the groove wall roughness coefficient of the i-th segment.

[0110] In the specific implementation, for each drainage structure, the allowed flow rate Q i Equal to the design flow, and adopt the sidewall priority strategy (i.e. fixed section height, adjusted sidewall slope) or height priority strategy (i.e. fixed section sidewall slope, adjusted height). According to its slope and allowed flow, the minimum section height / sidewall slope required for each section is calculated and corrected to achieve adaptive optimization of the drainage structure section with the slope, and the optimal section size is obtained.

[0111] This embodiment solves the technical problem that the traditional method of designing tunnel open hole drainage structure is highly dependent on manual experience and cannot meet the requirements of efficient design. Compared with the existing technology, this application is based on the concepts of digitization, automation and intelligence to intelligently design and model the drainage structure at the top of the tunnel open hole. It can automatically calculate the optimal starting point of the tunnel drainage structure, and intelligently search for the optimal center line while meeting the requirements of interception and drainage capacity and the principle of controlling engineering volume, thereby greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of the drainage structure center line design, and divides the drainage structure into different sections according to the slope of the cross-section at different positions of the drainage structure, and automatically adjusts the cross-sectional area of ​​the drainage structure in each section according to the slope of each section, thereby avoiding the problem of waste of engineering costs caused by the existing design based on the most unfavorable slope.

[0112] Based on the first embodiment of the present application, in the second embodiment of the present application, the same or similar contents as those in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 can be referred to the above introduction, and will not be repeated in the following. Figure 6 , step S40 also includes steps S401 to S403:

[0113] Step S401, setting the limiting boundary conditions as the design range;

[0114] Step S402, according to the drainage structure type, after determining the side with a higher boundary in the design range as the starting point search trace, searching for a water confluence point on the starting point search trace using a swarm optimization algorithm, and determining the water confluence point as the optimal starting point of the optimal starting and ending points;

[0115] Step S403, taking the design range as the search area, searching for the lowest point using a swarm optimization algorithm, and determining the lowest point as the optimal end point of the optimal start and end point.

[0116] It should be noted that when the design range is used as the limiting boundary condition, the coordinate constraints of the optimal starting point and the optimal end point of the drainage structure are determined as follows: according to the type of drainage structure, the higher side of the corresponding design range boundary is determined as the starting point search trace, and the group optimization algorithm is used to intelligently search for the water confluence point on the trace as the optimal starting point of the drainage structure centerline. Similarly, with the design range as the search area, the intelligent algorithm is used to search for the lowest point as the optimal end point of the drainage structure centerline.

[0117] In a feasible implementation, the step of searching for the water confluence point on the starting search trajectory using a swarm optimization algorithm includes: generating zebra individuals based on the first search variable in the first population parameter and the first search space, and assigning the zebra individuals random positions in the first search space; determining the first fitness value of the zebra individuals at the random positions based on the first fitness function, and taking the position of the zebra individual corresponding to the maximum first fitness value as the current global optimal position, wherein the first fitness function is used to represent the height difference between the target point and the highest points on its left and right sides; updating the positions of all zebra individuals according to foraging rules and defense rules and then re-determining the current global optimal position until the number of updates is greater than the preset number of iterations, selecting the largest current global optimal position from all current global optimal positions, and determining the largest current global optimal position as the water confluence point on the starting search trajectory.

[0118] In the specific implementation, Figure 7 As shown in the figure, for the optimal starting point of the tunnel structure centerline, when the drainage structure is a longitudinal cave top ditch, the higher side of the large / small mileage boundary is the trace to be searched (i.e., the starting point search trace), which can be specifically expressed as:

[0119]

[0120] Where y is the y coordinate of the trace to be searched in the large / small mileage boundary, and x is the x coordinate of the starting point to be searched.

[0121] In the specific implementation, for the optimal starting point of the center line of the tunnel structure, when the drainage structure is a transverse water diversion aqueduct, the higher side of the left and right boundaries of the tunnel is taken as the trace to be searched (i.e., the starting point search trace), which can be specifically expressed as:

[0122]

[0123] Where x is the x-coordinate of the trace to be searched in the left / right boundary, and y is the y-coordinate of the starting point to be searched.

[0124] In the specific implementation, for the optimal end point of the center line of the tunnel structure, the entire design range is taken as its search domain, which can be specifically expressed as:

[0125]

[0126] Where x is the x-coordinate of the end point to be searched, and y is the y-coordinate of the end point to be searched.

[0127] In the specific implementation, the specific steps of using the swarm optimization algorithm to intelligently determine the water confluence point on the search trace as the optimal starting point of the drainage structure centerline are as follows:

[0128] (1) Basic parameter settings of zebra optimization algorithm:

[0129] The zebra optimization algorithm regards the search for the optimal solution as a process of driving the zebra group to continuously update its position and select the best one. Therefore, each position can represent a set of feasible solutions, and the search space is the range of solution values. When the search target is the starting point coordinate, since it is located on the boundary of the design range, the search variable is only x or y, and the variable dimension is 1.

[0130] (2) Use the fitness function to evaluate the quality of the solution:

[0131] Since the target is the water confluence point on the search trace, this method uses the height difference between the target point and the highest point on its left and right sides as the search result evaluation criterion, that is, the fitness function is:

[0132]

[0133] Where Z(x,y) is the elevation of the target solution on the ground surface, is the elevation of the highest point on the left side of the target solution, and is the elevation of the highest point on the right side of the target solution. When the target solution on the ground is higher than the highest points on its left and right sides, the water flow will not converge at this point.

[0134] (3) Initialize the zebra population and determine the global optimal position:

[0135] First, according to the set population size p, p groups of feasible solutions are randomly generated, the fitness values ​​of all zebras are calculated according to the fitness function, and the zebra position with the largest fitness value is taken as the current global optimal position.

[0136] (4) Update of individual zebra position:

[0137] According to the "foraging" and "defense" rules of the zebra optimization algorithm, the positions of all zebras are updated in two steps. Taking the determination of the new position of the kth zebra in the population as an example, the target position is first calculated according to the zebra's "foraging" behavior:

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] Where, X k is the current position of the kth zebra, P Z is the global optimal position, I is a random number between [1,2] considering the uncertainty of direction, and r is a random number between [0,1] considering the uncertainty of distance. is the new position calculated by the foraging update formula, For new location The fitness value on The position after foraging. When the fitness value of the target position is better than the original position, the zebra moves to the target position, otherwise it stays in the original position.

[0141] Similarly, calculate the new position according to the "defense" behavior and determine whether to move:

[0142]

[0143]

[0144] Where P s is a random number between [0,1], used to select the zebra's defense mode and the corresponding position update formula, R is a constant 0.01, t is the number of current iterations, T is the maximum number of iterations set, A Z is the location of the zebra that was attacked, is the new position calculated by the defense update formula, For new location The fitness value on The final zebra position after the defensive move.

[0145] (5) Iterate and search for the position with the maximum fitness value within the design range and its corresponding coordinates:

[0146] Repeatedly update the individual zebra positions until the number of iterations reaches the upper limit, and select the x or y value with the largest corresponding fitness value as the optimal starting and ending point of the tunnel structure centerline.

[0147] In a feasible implementation, the step of determining the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraints of the optimal starting and ending points includes: determining the direction of the drainage structure according to the type of drainage structure; under the constraints of the optimal starting and ending points, dividing the design range into multiple strips along the drainage structure direction according to a preset accuracy, and determining the control point value range of each control point according to the multiple strips; based on the control point value range, searching for the optimal control point coordinate combination using a swarm optimization algorithm, and connecting the control point coordinates of the optimal control point coordinate combination to generate the optimal three-dimensional center line.

[0148] It should be noted that when the design range is used as the limiting boundary condition, under the condition that the starting point and end point of the drainage structure are constrained, the design range is divided according to the drainage structure direction and target accuracy. Assuming that the centerline control points are all located on the dividing line, an intelligent optimization algorithm is used to search for a set of feasible control point coordinate combinations, so that the three-dimensional line slope formed after the projection connection on the terrain surface meets the design flow requirements and has the shortest length, which is used as the optimal centerline of the drainage structure. The specific steps are as follows:

[0149] (1) Divide the strips and determine the range of the centerline control points. To realize the automatic search for the optimal three-dimensional centerline of the drainage structure based on the terrain, the design range is divided into m strips along the drainage structure direction according to the preset accuracy. When the drainage structure is a longitudinal cave top ditch, the coordinates of the control points on the i-th dividing line are:

[0150] In the formula, l x is the total length of the design range in the x direction. In addition, when the drainage structure is a transverse water diversion aqueduct, the coordinates of the control point on the i-th dividing line are:

[0151]

[0152] In the formula, l y is the total length of the design range in the y direction.

[0153] It is understandable that if Figure 8 As shown, at this time, determining the positions of all intersections of the drainage structure and the dividing line can effectively control the centerline slope and line changes, that is, each time a set of horizontal / vertical coordinate sequences {x1,x2,x3,...,x m} corresponds to a line from the control point {(x1,d 1y ),(x2,d 2y ),(x3,d 3y ),...,(x m ,d my )} The three-dimensional center line formed by sequential connection. Therefore, the optimal center line search of the drainage structure is to use the intelligent optimization algorithm to search for a set of optimal control point coordinate combinations located on the dividing line so that the length of the drainage structure center line generated by connecting them is the shortest.

[0154] In a feasible implementation, the step of searching for the optimal control point coordinate combination using a swarm optimization algorithm includes: generating zebra individuals based on a second search variable in a second population parameter and a second search space, and assigning the zebra individuals random positions in the second search space, wherein the second search variable is the horizontal coordinate or vertical coordinate of the dividing line control point, and the second search space is the value range of the control point; determining the second fitness value of the zebra individual at the random position based on a second fitness function, and taking the position of the zebra individual corresponding to the maximum second fitness value as the second current global optimal position, wherein the second fitness function is used to represent the length of the center line of the three-dimensional structure; updating the positions of all zebra individuals based on foraging rules and defense rules and then re-determining a new second current global optimal position, until the number of updates is greater than the preset number of iterations, selecting the largest second current global optimal position from all the second current global optimal positions, and determining the largest second current global optimal position as the optimal control point coordinate combination.

[0155] In the specific implementation, the swarm intelligence optimization algorithm is used to search for the optimal center line that meets the design flow and has the shortest length. Specifically, the zebra optimization algorithm can be used, with the three-dimensional center line length as the fitness function, and then the 3‰ minimum drainage slope constraint is considered according to the specification to automatically search for the three-dimensional center line. The specific search steps are as follows:

[0156] (1) Set the basic parameters of the optimization algorithm. The search variable of the zebra optimization algorithm is the x or y coordinate of the segmentation line control point. The variable dimension is set to m and the search space is (x min ,x max ) or (y min ,y max ).

[0157] (2) Setting the second fitness function: To meet the design drainage requirements and minimize the length, a fitness function that considers the penalty mechanism is designed to solve the optimal center line:

[0158]

[0159]

[0160] In the formula, F s is the fitness value, P i is the i-th three-dimensional control point, which is composed of the plane control point (x i ,d iy ) or (d ix ,y i ) is projected onto the three-dimensional terrain surface, R i is the minimum slope penalty, S i The i-th segment of the center line (i.e. P i To P i+1 ) slope, s min The minimum drainage slope is required by the specification.

[0161] (3) Iteratively update the zebra positions to search for the optimal center line, and move all zebras according to the position update rule until the number of iterations reaches the upper limit, determine a set of control point combinations that minimize the fitness value, and finally connect these control points to generate the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure.

[0162] Based on the first embodiment of the present application, in the third embodiment of the present application, the same or similar contents as those in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 can be referred to the above introduction, and will not be repeated in the following. Fig. 9 , step S40 also includes steps S401' to S403':

[0163] Step S401′, setting the limiting boundary condition to the existing water interception gutter;

[0164] Step S402′, using a swarm optimization algorithm to search for the optimal starting point of the optimal starting and ending points on the light-dark boundary section;

[0165] Step S403 ′: Based on the optimal starting point, a swarm optimization algorithm is used to gradually search for an optimal end point that intersects with the existing intercepting gutter according to a preset step length.

[0166] It should be noted that when the limiting boundary condition is an existing cut-off gutter, the starting point of the drainage structure is located on the backfill termination section (light-dark boundary section), and the end point should be connected to the existing cut-off gutter. At this time, since the position of the optimal end point in the drainage structure cannot be directly determined, the swarm optimization algorithm is used to intelligently search for the optimal starting point coordinates of the drainage structure in the backfill termination section.

[0167] In a feasible implementation, the step of using a swarm optimization algorithm to gradually search for the optimal end point that intersects the existing drainage ditch based on the optimal starting point according to a preset step size includes: generating a zebra individual according to a third search variable in a third population parameter and a third search space, and assigning a random position to the zebra individual in the third search space, wherein the third search variable is an azimuth and the third search space is a preset angle; starting the search with the optimal starting point as the current control point, determining a third fitness function based on the distance between the current control point and the existing drainage ditch, the minimum slope penalty of the line connecting the current control point and the previous control point, and the turning angle penalty; determining a third fitness value of the zebra individual at a random position according to the third fitness function, and taking the position of the zebra individual corresponding to the minimum third fitness value as the third current global optimal position; determining a third fitness value of the zebra individual at a random position according to the third fitness function, and taking the position of the zebra individual corresponding to the minimum third fitness value as the third current global optimal position; determining a third fitness value of the zebra individual at a random position according to the foraging rules and The defense rule updates the positions of all zebra individuals and then re-determines a new third current global optimal position until the number of updates is greater than the preset number of iterations. The smallest third current global optimal position is selected from all the third current global optimal positions, and the next control point is determined according to the smallest third current global optimal position. The next control point is used as the new current control point to search for a new next control point until the line connecting the current control point and the next control point intersects with the existing intercepting gutter, and the intersection point is determined as the optimal end point, and all control points between the optimal starting point and the optimal end point are determined; the step of determining the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint of the optimal starting and ending points includes: under the constraint of the optimal starting point of the optimal starting and ending points, the optimal starting point, all control points and the optimal end point are connected in sequence to obtain the optimal three-dimensional center line.

[0168] In the specific implementation, when the existing cut-off ditch is used as the limiting boundary condition, under the condition that the starting point of the drainage structure is constrained, the swarm intelligence optimization algorithm is used repeatedly to search for the next control point and move to the starting point according to the set target step size, until the control point exceeds the boundary of the existing cut-off ditch, and the obtained control points are connected in sequence as the optimal center line of the drainage structure. The specific steps are as follows:

[0169] (1) Set the search step size and basic algorithm parameters. To achieve automatic path search starting from the starting point, the step size is preset to k meters, such as Fig.10 As shown, when located at the control point P i Search for the next control point P i+1 When , an azimuth angle θ (the angle with the x-axis) is determined, which corresponds to a feasible control point coordinate. To search for the optimal control point, the azimuth angle θ is used as the search variable, and the search space is (0, 180).

[0170] (2) Set the third fitness function. To meet the design goal, the control point should be close to the existing intercepting gutter, and to avoid the drainage structure from intersecting itself, the centerline angle should not be too large. Therefore, the design fitness function is:

[0171] F S =D i +R i +A i

[0172]

[0173] In the formula, F s is the third fitness value, D i is the distance between the feasible control point and the existing intercepting gutter, R i is the minimum slope penalty of the line connecting the feasible control point and the previous control point (same as formula 12), A i For the steering angle penalty, Deg i Direction when turning and The angle between max The minimum allowable steering angle.

[0174] (3) Iteratively update the zebra position to search for the coordinates of the next control point, initialize the zebra population, move and update the zebra position until the number of iterations is reached, determine the optimal azimuth angle θ that minimizes the fitness value, and calculate the coordinates of the next control point based on this.

[0175] (4) Search and determine all control points step by step, repeat steps (1) to (4), and locate the last search result P i Up to next control point P i+1The search is performed until the last control point exceeds or is located on the boundary of the existing intercepting gutter, and each control point is connected to generate the three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure.

[0176] The above embodiment is described in detail below in conjunction with a case study of solving the intelligent design of a drainage structure at the top of a tunnel (with the design range as the limiting boundary):

[0177] Case parameters: A single-hole double-track tunnel is planned to be set up within the mileage range of DK118+080~DK118+089 with an open hole. The design length of the open hole is 9m, the design outer diameter is 15m, and there is a horizontal ditch passing through the top. The drainage design flow rate is 5.32m3 / s. Fig.11 The terrain around the tunnel's Myeongdong is shown.

[0178] 1. Establish Fig.12 As shown, the top surface of the inner rail of the left line at the starting mileage of the Myeongdong DK118+080 is taken as the origin, and the direction of the largest mileage of the line is the local coordinate system of the Myeongdong in the y direction. Expand 5m from the starting mileage of the Myeongdong to the large and small mileage directions respectively, and expand 25m to the left and right of the center line of the tunnel respectively, and intercept a rectangular area as the design range of the drainage structure on the top of the Myeongdong. Extract the terrain point cloud data within the range, convert it into .xyz format, import it into the modeling software, and realign it to the Myeongdong local coordinate system. Use Delaunay segmentation to generate a natural terrain model. Based on the backfill surface slope, length and other design parameters of the three typical design sections of sections DK118+080, DK118+083.5, and DK118+089, create contours and generate backfill entities by lofting. Finally, perform intersection operation on the two to create the following Fig.13 Terrain model after backfilling shown.

[0179] 2. With an interval of 0.5 m, discretize the line along the left line of the Myeongdong to find the plane feature points. Draw a vertical ray through the plane feature points to intersect with the three-dimensional terrain model. The coordinates of the intersection points are shown in Table 2. Connect them in the order of the coordinates in the table to generate the ground line as shown in Table 2. Fig.14 The Douglas-Peucker algorithm is used to simplify the ground line and determine the longitudinal ground line form: there is a depression, so the drainage structure type is determined to be a horizontal water diversion aqueduct.

[0180] 3. Since the discrimination result of the previous step is a horizontal diversion aqueduct, when searching for the starting point of the center line intelligently, the left boundary on the higher terrain side is taken as the starting point to search for the trace line. That is, the x-coordinate of the starting point is -22.5, and the search space for the search variable y-coordinate is (-5, 14). The population size of the zebra optimization algorithm is set to 30, and the maximum number of iterations is 50. In this example, the initialization and update of the position of the second zebra are used to illustrate the process of iteratively searching for the optimal starting point position. First, the initial position of each zebra is obtained through random assignment, and the initial fitness value is calculated according to Equation 4. Therefore, the initial position of zebra 2 is 4.71, and the initial fitness value is -29.2. At this time, the global optimal fitness value is -8.8, and the position of the leading zebra corresponding to it is 0.94. Second, all zebras are iteratively moved according to the position update rule. At this time, according to the "foraging" update rule, the position to be moved for zebra 2 can be calculated as:

[0181]

[0182] The fitness value of zebra 2 at the new position is -4.2, which is greater than the original fitness value. Therefore, the zebra moves to the new position. Then, the next position is calculated according to the "defense" position update formula:

[0183]

[0184] The fitness value of the new position determined according to the "defense" behavior is -14.9, which is less than the fitness value after the previous move. The zebra does not move. Therefore, the position of the second zebra is finally updated to -0.22 after the first iteration.

[0185] Repeat the above process of calculating the fitness value and updating the position for all zebras until the maximum number of iterations is reached. After 50 iterations, the optimal position in the population can be determined as -2.73, and the fitness value is 3.8. That is, the optimal starting point of the drainage structure center line is (-22.50, -2.73, 167.38).

[0186] Similarly, taking the x-coordinate and y-coordinate as search variables simultaneously, with {(-22.5 < x < 27.5), (-5 < y < 14)} as the search space, the lowest point (27.5, 8.77, 150.71) within the design range is searched out as the optimal end point of the center line using the zebra optimization algorithm.

[0187] 4. The design range is longitudinally divided into 20 strip-shaped segments at intervals of 2.5 m along the tunnel as shown in Fig.15 shown. The intelligent optimization algorithm is used to search for a set of optimal control point coordinate combinations located on the dividing line to minimize the length of the center line of the connected horizontal diversion aqueduct. To search for the optimal center line, the population size of the zebra optimization algorithm is set to 200, the maximum number of iterations is 500, and the search variables are {y1, y2, y3,..., y 19}, the variable dimension is 19, and the search space is (-5,14). 200 zebras are randomly generated, and the fitness value corresponding to each zebra position is calculated according to formula 11. Taking the position of the fifth zebra as an example, the iterative optimization process of the center line is explained. The initialization position of zebra 5 is {4.17, 2.29, 1.56, 7.15, 1.55, -3.21, 7.28, 6.98, -3.24, 1.92, 4.95, -2.77, -0.03, 10.57, 6.86, -1.24, 9.31, 4.62, 2.57}. The length of the line after generating three-dimensional control points and connecting them is 133.39. Since the 1st, 4th, 7th, 10th, 14th, and 16th sections of the line do not meet the minimum slope requirements, the minimum slope penalty value of 747.27 is added, so the fitness value is 880.66. In the first iteration, the new position determined according to the position update rule is {1.77, -2.68, -4.16, 3.15, 4.37, 6.98, 1.59, 3.25, -2.78, 4.83, 6.28, 1.62, 7.13, 1.98, 10.37, 2.13, 3.64, 9.38, 6.92}, and the fitness value is 742.07, which is less than the fitness before the update. Therefore, after the first iteration, zebra 5 will move to the new position.

[0188] The positions of the remaining zebras in the population are also updated and iterated until the set upper limit of 500 iterations is reached. The minimum fitness value is 57.74 selected from the population. The optimal centerline control points of the horizontal water diversion aqueduct can be determined by the corresponding zebra positions as {(-20.5,-2.36,166.86),(-18.0,-1.87,165.97),(-15.5,-1.47,164.82),(-13.0,-0.82,164.21),(-10.5,0.03,164.11),(-8.0,-0.37,164.05),(-5.5,-0.62,164.00),(-3.0,-0.95,163.94),(-0.5,-0.43, 163.87),(2.0,-1.16,163.81),(4.5,-0.73,163.13),(7.0,-1.38,162.30),(9.5,-0.62,161.46),(12.0,2.09,160.73),(14.5,3.17,157.00),(17.0,4.69,156.43),(19.5,5.41,155.33),(22.0,6.32,154.02),(24.5,7.06,152.64)}, add the start and end points and connect them in sequence to generate the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure.

[0189] 5. The slopes of the three-dimensional centerline segments determined in the previous step are {0.25, 0.34, 0.45, 0.23, 0.03, 0.02, 0.02, 0.02, 0.22, 0.02, 0.27, 0.32, 0.32, 0.20, 1.37, 0.20, 0.42, 0.49, 0.53, 0.56}. To facilitate construction, this example adopts a height priority strategy, with a fixed section sidewall slope of 1:1.25, a bottom width of 1m, a ditch wall roughness coefficient of 0.012, and 0.2m as the minimum height unit. According to the slope of each section and formula 15, the required minimum height is calculated, and the result is {0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.6m, 0.6m, 0.6m, 0.6m, 0.6m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.2m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m}. Optimize the cross-sectional profile of each section according to the minimum height, such as Fig.16 shown.

[0190] 6. Place the optimized cross-sections of each section of the drainage structure at the midpoint of the section, and use modeling software to lay out and model along the 3D center line. Compare the constructed drainage structure entity model with the 3D terrain model. Fig.17 The Boolean operation shown in the figure calculates that the excavation volume for the transverse water diversion aqueduct construction is 123.13m 3 The required concrete volume is 74.68m 3 .

[0191] The above embodiment is further described in detail below in conjunction with a case study of solving the intelligent design of a drainage structure at the top of a tunnel (with an existing intercepting gutter as a limiting boundary).

[0192] Case parameters: A single-hole double-track tunnel is planned to be set up within the mileage range of DK48+367~DK48+396. The existing drainage ditch has been set outside the side slope excavation line. The design flow of the drainage structure at the top of the open tunnel is planned to be 4.27m 3 / s, such as Fig.18 shown.

[0193] 1. Take the top surface of the left inner rail at the tunnel exit mileage DK48+396 as the origin and the maximum mileage direction of the line as the local coordinate system of the tunnel entrance in the y direction. Extract the terrain point cloud data in the vicinity of the tunnel entrance and generate a natural surface model. Create backfill entities based on the backfill design parameters of the three sections DK48+367, DK48+377, and DK48+396, and combine them with the natural surface to generate a backfill terrain model, such as Fig.19 shown.

[0194] 2. Draw a longitudinal ground line and a perpendicular transverse ground line above the left line of the open tunnel with an accuracy of 0.5m. Determine that the longitudinal ground line changes monotonically and that the transverse ground line is concave. Therefore, the drainage structure type is determined to be a longitudinal tunnel top ditch.

[0195] 3. Input the coordinate data of the existing drainage structure as the limiting boundary condition. Since the result of the previous step is the longitudinal cave top ditch, the light-dark boundary mileage DK48+367 section is taken as the starting point search trace when intelligently searching the starting point of the center line, that is, the starting point y coordinate is -29, the search space of the search variable x coordinate is (-19,19), and the population of the zebra optimization algorithm is set to 30, and the maximum number of iterations is 50. After 50 iterations, it can be determined that the optimal position in the population is 13.42, and the fitness value is 20.0, that is, the optimal starting point of the drainage structure center line is (-29,13.42,167.38).

[0196] 4. Using 1.0m as the search step, start from the starting point and use the intelligent optimization algorithm to search for control points one by one. This example uses the determination of the 13th control point as an example to illustrate the search process for the best control point. To search for the optimal center line, set the population size of the zebra optimization algorithm to 50, the maximum number of iterations to 200, and the search variable to θ 13 , the search space is (0,180). To avoid self-intersection of the structure, the minimum allowable steering angle is calculated and taken as 160°. 50 zebras are randomly generated, and the fitness value corresponding to each zebra position is calculated according to formula 13. Taking the position of the 28th zebra as an example, its initialization position is 73.82°, the control point generated by it is 6.33m away from the existing intercepting gutter, the line slope is 37%, and the steering angle Deg 13 The new position is 171.95°, and no slope penalty or turning angle penalty is added, so the fitness value is 6.33. In the first iteration, the new position determined by the position update rule is 88.25°, and the fitness value is 6.57, which is greater than the fitness before the update. Therefore, zebra 28 stays in place after the first iteration. The positions of the remaining zebras in the population are also updated and iterated until the set upper limit of 200 iterations is reached. The minimum fitness value of 6.12 and its corresponding zebra position of 60.21° are selected from the population, and the optimal coordinates of the 13th control point can be determined as (-17.01, 16.89, 114.50).

[0197] Based on the search results of the previous step, repeat the above steps to search for the next control point until the latest control point exceeds the boundary. A total of 19 control points are calculated, such as Fig. 20 shown.

[0198] 5. The slopes of the three-dimensional centerline segments determined in the previous step are {0.20, 0.20, 0.22, 0.23, 0.21, 0.23, 0.23, 0.22, 0.21, 0.22, 0.39, 0.29, 0.16, 0.04, 03, 0.01, 0.05, 0.03, 0.04,}. In this example, the height is adjusted first, the side wall slope is fixed at 1:1.25, the bottom width is 1m, and 0.2m is the minimum height unit. According to the slope of each section, the minimum required height is calculated as {0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.6m, 0.8m, 0.4m, 0.4m, 0.6m, 0.6m} and the cross-sectional profile of each section is optimized according to the minimum height.

[0199] 6. Place the optimized cross-sections of each section of the drainage structure at the midpoint of the section, and use modeling software to perform lofting modeling along the 3D centerline. Fig.21 The Boolean operation shown in the figure calculates that the required concrete volume of the longitudinal tunnel top ditch is 26.98m 3 .

[0200] It should be noted that the above examples are only used to understand the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the intelligent design method of the tunnel top drainage structure of the present application. More simple transformations based on this technical concept are all within the protection scope of the present application.

[0201] This application also provides an intelligent design device for the drainage structure at the top of the tunnel, please refer to Fig. 22 The intelligent design device for the drainage structure at the top of the tunnel opening includes:

[0202] A creation module 10, for creating a natural terrain model according to a local coordinate system of a tunnel open hole;

[0203] A generating module 20, for generating a surrounding three-dimensional terrain model after the open hole is backfilled based on the natural terrain model;

[0204] A determination module 30 is used to determine the topographic line of the open hole according to the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, and determine the drainage structure type corresponding to the top of the tunnel open hole according to the topographic line of the open hole;

[0205] The determination module is further used to set limiting boundary conditions and determine the optimal starting and ending points of the drainage structure centerline according to the drainage structure type within the limiting boundary conditions;

[0206] The determination module 30 is further used to determine the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint conditions of the optimal starting and ending points;

[0207] The generation module 20 is also used to optimize the cross-sectional dimensions of the drainage structure according to the slopes of different sections in the drainage structure to obtain the optimal cross-sectional dimensions, and to generate a three-dimensional solid model of the drainage structure based on the optimal three-dimensional center line and the optimal cross-sectional dimensions.

[0208] The present application provides an intelligent design device for a tunnel open hole top drainage structure, the intelligent design device for a tunnel open hole top drainage structure comprises: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the intelligent design method for the tunnel open hole top drainage structure in the above-mentioned embodiment one.

[0209] Reference below Fig.23 , which shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent design device for a tunnel top drainage structure suitable for implementing an embodiment of the present application. The intelligent design device for a tunnel top drainage structure may include a processing device 1001 (such as a central processing unit, a graphics processor, etc.), which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM: Read Only Memory) 1002 or a program loaded from a storage device 1003 to a random access memory (RAM: Random Access Memory) 1004. Various programs and data required for the operation of the intelligent design device for a tunnel top drainage structure are also stored in RAM1004. The processing device 1001, ROM1002 and RAM1004 are connected to each other via a bus 1005. An input / output (I / O) interface 1006 is also connected to the bus. Typically, the following systems can be connected to the I / O interface 1006: input devices 1007 including, for example, a touch screen, a touchpad, a keyboard, a mouse, an image sensor, a microphone, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, etc.; output devices 1008 including, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a speaker, a vibrator, etc.; storage devices 1003 including, for example, a magnetic tape, a hard disk, etc.; and communication devices 1009. The communication device 1009 can allow the intelligent design device for the drainage structure on the top of the tunnel to communicate wirelessly or wired with other devices to exchange data. Although the figure shows the intelligent design device for the drainage structure on the top of the tunnel with various systems, it should be understood that it is not required to implement or have all the systems shown. More or fewer systems may be implemented or have instead.

[0210] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An intelligent design method for the drainage structure at the top of a tunnel, characterized in that: The method comprises: Create a natural terrain model based on the local coordinate system of the tunnel; Based on the natural terrain model, a surrounding three-dimensional terrain model after the open hole is backfilled is generated; Determine the topographic line of the open hole according to the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, and determine the drainage structure type corresponding to the top of the tunnel open hole according to the topographic line of the open hole; Setting limiting boundary conditions, and determining the optimal starting and ending points of the center line of the drainage structure according to the drainage structure type within the limiting boundary conditions; Under the constraints of the optimal starting and ending points, determining the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure; The cross-sectional dimensions of the drainage structure are optimized according to the slopes of different sections in the drainage structure to obtain the optimal cross-sectional dimensions, and a three-dimensional solid model of the drainage structure is generated based on the optimal three-dimensional center line and the optimal cross-sectional dimensions.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The drainage structure types include longitudinal tunnel top ditches for one-way drainage, transverse water diversion channels for one-way drainage, and transverse water diversion channels for two-way drainage; wherein the steps of determining the topographic line of the open tunnel according to the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, and determining the drainage structure type corresponding to the top of the tunnel according to the topographic line of the open tunnel include: After cutting the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, extracting the top terrain line of the open hole, wherein the top terrain line of the open hole includes a horizontal top terrain line of the open hole and a longitudinal top terrain line of the open hole; Iteratively simplify the topographic line of the open hole to obtain a simplified topographic line of the open hole; When the simplified open-cut tunnel top topographic line is a longitudinal ground line that changes monotonically and the transverse ground line has a depression, the drainage structure type is determined to be a longitudinal tunnel top ditch with one-way drainage; When the simplified topographic line of the open hole is a longitudinal ground line with a depression and the transverse ground line changes monotonically, the drainage structure type is determined to be a transverse water diversion aqueduct with one-way drainage; When the simplified topographic line of the open hole is a depression in the longitudinal ground line and a bulge in the transverse ground line, it is determined that the drainage structure type is a transverse water diversion aqueduct with bidirectional drainage.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The step of setting limiting boundary conditions and determining the optimal starting and ending points of the drainage structure centerline according to the drainage structure type within the limiting boundary conditions includes: Set the limiting boundary conditions as the design range; According to the drainage structure type, after determining the side with a higher boundary in the design range as the starting point search trace, a swarm optimization algorithm is used to search for a water confluence point on the starting point search trace, and the water confluence point is used to determine the optimal starting point of the optimal starting and ending points; The design range is used as the search area, and the lowest point is searched out using a group optimization algorithm, and the lowest point is determined as the optimal end point of the optimal starting and ending points.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The step of searching for the water confluence point on the starting point search trace using a swarm optimization algorithm comprises: Generating a zebra individual according to a first search variable in the first population parameter and a first search space, and assigning a random position to the zebra individual in the first search space, wherein the first search variable is the horizontal coordinate or the vertical coordinate of the target point, and the first search range is the design range; Determine a first fitness value of the zebra individual at a random position according to a first fitness function, and use the position of the zebra individual corresponding to the maximum first fitness value as the first current global optimal position, wherein the first fitness function is used to represent the height difference between the target point and the highest points on its left and right sides; After updating the positions of all zebra individuals according to foraging rules and defense rules, a new first current global optimal position is re-determined until the number of updates is greater than the preset number of iterations. Then, the largest first current global optimal position is selected from all the first current global optimal positions, and the largest first current global optimal position is determined as the confluence point on the starting point search trace.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The step of determining the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint conditions of the optimal starting and ending points comprises: Determining the drainage structure direction according to the drainage structure type; Under the constraint conditions of the optimal starting and ending points, the design range is divided into a plurality of strips along the drainage structure direction according to a preset accuracy, and a control point value range of each control point is determined according to the plurality of strips; Based on the control point value range, a swarm optimization algorithm is used to search for an optimal control point coordinate combination, and the control point coordinates of the optimal control point coordinate combination are connected to generate an optimal three-dimensional center line.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The step of searching for the optimal control point coordinate combination using the swarm optimization algorithm comprises: Generate a zebra individual according to a second search variable in the second population parameter and a second search space, and assign a random position to the zebra individual in the second search space, wherein the second search variable is the horizontal coordinate or the vertical coordinate of the dividing line control point, and the second search space is the value range of the control point; Determine a second fitness value of the zebra individual at a random position according to a second fitness function, and use the position of the zebra individual corresponding to the maximum second fitness value as the second current global optimal position, wherein the second fitness function is used to represent the length of the center line of the three-dimensional structure; After updating the positions of all zebra individuals according to foraging rules and defense rules, a new second current global optimal position is re-determined until the number of updates is greater than the preset number of iterations. Then, the largest second current global optimal position is selected from all the second current global optimal positions, and the largest second current global optimal position is determined as the optimal control point coordinate combination.

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The step of setting limiting boundary conditions and determining the optimal starting and ending points of the drainage structure centerline according to the drainage structure type within the limiting boundary conditions includes: Set the limiting boundary condition to the existing intercepting gutter; Using a swarm optimization algorithm to search for the optimal starting point of the optimal starting and ending points on the light-dark boundary section; Based on the optimal starting point, a swarm optimization algorithm is used according to a preset step size to gradually search for an optimal end point that intersects with the existing intercepting gutter.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The step of using a swarm optimization algorithm to gradually search for an optimal end point that intersects with the existing intercepting gutter based on the optimal starting point according to a preset step length comprises: Generating a zebra individual according to a third search variable and a third search space in the third population parameter, and assigning a random position to the zebra individual in the third search space, wherein the third search variable is an azimuth, and the third search space is a preset angle; Starting the search with the optimal starting point as the current control point, determining a third fitness function based on the distance between the current control point and the existing water interception gutter, the minimum slope penalty of the line connecting the current control point and the previous control point, and the turning angle penalty; Determine a third fitness value of the zebra individual at a random position according to a third fitness function, and take the position of the zebra individual corresponding to the minimum third fitness value as the third current global optimal position; After updating the positions of all zebra individuals according to the foraging rules and the defense rules, a new third current global optimal position is re-determined until the number of updates is greater than the preset number of iterations, the smallest third current global optimal position is selected from all the third current global optimal positions, the next control point is determined according to the smallest third current global optimal position, and the next control point is used as the new current control point to search for a new next control point, until the line connecting the current control point and the next control point intersects with the existing water interception ditch, the intersection point is determined as the optimal end point, and all control points between the optimal starting point and the optimal end point are determined; The step of determining the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint conditions of the optimal starting and ending points comprises: Under the constraint condition of the optimal starting point of the optimal starting and ending points, the optimal three-dimensional center line is obtained by sequentially connecting the optimal starting point, all control points and the optimal end point.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of optimizing the cross-sectional dimensions of the drainage structure according to the slopes of different sections in the drainage structure to obtain the optimal cross-sectional dimensions comprises: Determine the allowable flow calculation formula for each segment drainage structure; When the allowable flow rate is equal to the design flow rate, based on the allowable flow rate calculation formula and the slope, the minimum cross-sectional height or minimum sidewall slope required for each stage is calculated by adopting the sidewall priority strategy or the height priority strategy; The cross-sectional size of the drainage structure is optimized according to the minimum cross-sectional height or the minimum side wall slope to obtain the optimal cross-sectional size.

10. An intelligent design device for the drainage structure at the top of a tunnel, characterized in that: The device comprises: A creation module for creating a natural terrain model based on the local coordinate system of the tunnel; A generation module, used to generate a surrounding three-dimensional terrain model after the open hole is backfilled based on the natural terrain model; A determination module, used to determine the topographic line of the open hole according to the surrounding three-dimensional terrain model, and determine the drainage structure type corresponding to the top of the tunnel open hole according to the topographic line of the open hole; The determination module is further used to set limiting boundary conditions and determine the optimal starting and ending points of the drainage structure centerline according to the drainage structure type within the limiting boundary conditions; The determination module is further used to determine the optimal three-dimensional center line of the drainage structure under the constraint conditions of the optimal starting and ending points; The generation module is also used to optimize the cross-sectional dimensions of the drainage structure according to the slopes of different sections in the drainage structure to obtain the optimal cross-sectional dimensions, and generate a three-dimensional solid model of the drainage structure based on the optimal three-dimensional center line and the optimal cross-sectional dimensions.

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