Hydrogen fuel cell low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle control, and discloses a hydrogen fuel cell low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device and method. The low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device for the hydrogen fuel cell comprises a control unit, a cold and hot air mixing chamber, an exhaust treatment chamber and a first control valve, the hydrogen fuel cell is provided with an oxygen inlet and an exhaust port, and the control unit can collect the gas pressure of a hydrogen storage bottle and the temperature and humidity of the hydrogen fuel cell; judging whether the hydrogen fuel cell meets a starting condition or not; a cold air inlet of the cold and hot air mixing chamber is communicated with outside air, a mixed gas outlet is connected with the oxygen inlet, an exhaust pipe is arranged between the hot air inlet and the exhaust port, and the exhaust treatment chamber is arranged on the exhaust pipe; the first control valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe and is in communication connection with the control unit. On the premise that parasitic power consumption and extra gravity are not increased, temperature and humidity adjustment control can be conducted on the working environment of the hydrogen fuel cell, and then the environmental adaptability of the hydrogen fuel cell is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle control, and in particular to a low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device and method for a hydrogen fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] At present, there are two types of hydrogen fuel cells used in the aviation field internationally: water-cooled and air-cooled. Air-cooled hydrogen fuel cells are widely used in China. Compared with water-cooled hydrogen fuel cells, air-cooled hydrogen fuel cells have the advantages of higher system unit mass power, low parasitic weight and low parasitic power consumption, but they are inferior in environmental adaptability. The proton exchange membrane of air-cooled hydrogen fuel cells generally has the problem of difficulty in cold start at low temperature and difficulty in maintaining the core temperature in low temperature environment. Since the cathode side of the proton exchange membrane of the air-cooled fuel cell will generate water from oxygen in the air and hydrogen protons migrating through the membrane during the reaction, the proton exchange membrane, as a key component of the fuel cell, also needs to maintain a certain amount of liquid water, that is, a soaked state, in order to maintain normal operation. In a low temperature (below 0°C) environment, this water is very easy to freeze, block the gas flow channel, affect the characteristic size of the membrane electrode, and even cause the membrane to rupture and reverse polarity, which is extremely unfavorable to the normal and safe use of hydrogen fuel cells. At present, there are mainly the following methods to improve the adaptability of air-cooled hydrogen fuel cells to low-temperature environments: 1. Heating the inlet air, 2. Using the waste heat generated by the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell to exchange heat with the inlet air, 3. Introducing an appropriate amount of hydrogen on the cathode side in advance to completely convert its chemical energy into thermal energy to increase the core temperature. These methods can solve the problem of low-temperature use of air-cooled hydrogen fuel cells to a certain extent, but there are problems such as large parasitic power consumption, low heat exchange efficiency and a certain degree of danger, and the core temperature cannot be maintained for a long time. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device and method for a hydrogen fuel cell, so as to solve the problem of poor environmental adaptability of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0004] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention first provides a low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device for a hydrogen fuel cell, comprising:

[0006] A control unit, the control unit is used to collect the gas pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle and the temperature and humidity of the hydrogen fuel cell, and determine whether the hydrogen fuel cell meets the start-up conditions;

[0007] A cold and hot air mixing chamber, wherein the cold and hot air mixing chamber is provided with a cold air inlet, a hot air inlet and a mixed gas outlet, wherein the cold air inlet is connected to the outside air, the hydrogen fuel cell is provided with an oxygen inlet and an exhaust port, the mixed gas outlet is connected to the oxygen inlet to provide the mixed gas to the hydrogen fuel cell, and the exhaust port is provided with an exhaust pipe, and one end of the exhaust pipe away from the exhaust port is connected to the hot air inlet;

[0008] An exhaust treatment chamber, the exhaust treatment chamber is arranged on the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust treatment chamber is used to process the temperature and humidity of the exhaust gas of the hydrogen fuel cell and then send it into the cold and hot air mixing chamber;

[0009] A first control valve is provided on the exhaust pipe and is communicatively connected to the control unit, and the control unit is used to control the flow rate of the exhaust gas entering the cold and hot air mixing chamber.

[0010] In some embodiments, the exhaust treatment chamber is disposed on the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust treatment chamber includes a discharge valve, a gas drying chamber and a humidity holding chamber. The gas drying chamber and the humidity holding chamber are switchably connected to the exhaust pipe. The discharge valve is disposed at the exhaust port. When the temperature of the exhaust gas at the exhaust port is lower than a first set value, the exhaust gas directly enters the cold and hot air mixing chamber through the exhaust pipe; when the temperature of the exhaust gas is higher than a second set value, the discharge valve opens; when the temperature of the exhaust gas is between the first set value and the second set value, the gas drying chamber and the humidity holding chamber are selectively connected according to the humidity of the exhaust gas.

[0011] In some embodiments, the exhaust treatment chamber further includes a second control valve, the second control valve is communicatively connected to the control unit, and the second control valve is used for selectively connecting the gas drying chamber and the humidity holding chamber.

[0012] In some embodiments, the exhaust treatment chamber is disposed on the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust treatment chamber includes a discharge valve, a condensate collecting device and a branch pipeline. The branch pipeline is disposed on the exhaust pipe between the condensate collecting device and the exhaust port. A device to be heated is disposed on the branch pipeline. The exhaust gas passing through the branch pipeline is cooled down after heat exchange in the device to be heated and enters the condensate collecting device for condensate collection. The discharge valve is disposed between the condensate collecting device and the first control valve.

[0013] In some embodiments, the branch pipelines and the equipment to be heated are provided in plurality and arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and each branch pipeline selectively conducts to the exhaust pipe through a third control valve.

[0014] In some embodiments, the cold air inlet is provided with a blower, and the exhaust port of the hydrogen fuel cell is provided with a cooling fan, and both the blower and the cooling fan are communicatively connected to the control unit.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control of a hydrogen fuel cell. According to the low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device of a hydrogen fuel cell described in any of the above embodiments, the method for low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control of a hydrogen fuel cell comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1, start the control unit, the control unit collects the gas pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle and the temperature and humidity of the hydrogen fuel cell, and determines whether the hydrogen fuel cell meets the start-up conditions. If the start-up conditions are met, execute step S2;

[0017] S2, starting the hydrogen fuel cell, the cold and hot air mixing chamber provides a mixed gas for the hydrogen fuel cell, the hydrogen storage bottle provides hydrogen for the hydrogen fuel cell, and the exhaust port of the hydrogen fuel cell is directly connected to the hot air inlet of the cold and hot air mixing chamber;

[0018] S3, when the temperature of the exhaust gas from the exhaust port is higher than a second set value, the exhaust gas from the exhaust port passes through the exhaust treatment chamber and then enters the cold and hot air mixing chamber.

[0019] In some embodiments, in step S1, when the gas pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle is lower than the minimum starting pressure, it indicates that the hydrogen is insufficient; when the gas pressure is higher than the minimum starting pressure, the control unit controls the hydrogen fuel cell to start.

[0020] In some embodiments, in step S2, when the temperature of the exhaust gas from the exhaust port is lower than a first set value, the control unit controls the flow rate of the cold air inlet to be smaller than the flow rate of the hot air inlet, and the first set value is smaller than the second set value.

[0021] In some embodiments, in step S3, when the temperature of the exhaust gas from the exhaust port is higher than the second set value, the exhaust gas from the exhaust port is directly discharged through the discharge valve, or the exhaust gas from the exhaust port is cooled through a branch pipeline and enters the condensate collection device, and then enters the cold and hot air mixing chamber.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] The low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device for a hydrogen fuel cell provided by the present invention sets a hot and cold air mixing chamber and an exhaust treatment chamber between the oxygen inlet and the exhaust port of the hydrogen fuel cell, so that the start-up of the hydrogen fuel cell can be controlled according to the gas pressure data of the hydrogen storage bottle and the temperature and humidity data of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the temperature and humidity of the mixed gas entering the oxygen inlet can be controlled through a control unit, thereby realizing the start-up control of the hydrogen fuel cell and the temperature and humidity control after the start-up. The exhaust gas after the start-up of the hydrogen fuel cell can directly flow back to the hot and cold air mixing chamber for heat recovery and utilization, which is beneficial to quickly increase the ambient temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell, thereby improving the low-temperature environment adaptability and working efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0024] The present invention provides a low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control method for a hydrogen fuel cell. The control unit determines the starting conditions of the hydrogen fuel cell by collecting the gas pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle. After the hydrogen fuel cell is started, the control unit controls the cold air inlet flow and the hot air inlet flow of the cold and hot air mixing chamber, and processes the temperature and humidity of the exhaust gas through the exhaust treatment chamber, thereby achieving temperature and humidity control of the hydrogen fuel cell, without increasing parasitic power consumption and extra weight, thereby solving the environmental adaptability of the hydrogen fuel cell from a system level. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device for a hydrogen fuel cell provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device for a hydrogen fuel cell provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure:

[0028] 100, hydrogen fuel cell; 101, oxygen inlet; 102, exhaust port; 103, exhaust pipe; 104, cooling fan;

[0029] 200, hydrogen storage bottle; 201, electromagnetic pressure reducing valve; 300, equipment to be heated;

[0030] 1. Control unit;

[0031] 2. Cold and hot air mixing chamber; 21. Cold air inlet; 22. Hot air inlet; 23. Mixed air outlet; 24. Blower; 25. Air filter;

[0032] 3. Exhaust treatment chamber; 31. Discharge valve; 32. Gas drying chamber; 33. Humidity holding chamber; 34. Second control valve; 35. Condensate collection device; 36. Branch pipeline; 361. Third control valve;

[0033] 4. The first control valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only parts related to the present invention, rather than all structures, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0036] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0037] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., and the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplified operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.

[0038] Embodiment 1:

[0039] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device for a hydrogen fuel cell, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes a control unit 1, a cold and hot air mixing chamber 2, an exhaust treatment chamber 3 and a first control valve 4. The hydrogen fuel cell 100 is provided with hydrogen by a hydrogen storage bottle 200, and the cold and hot air mixing chamber 2 provides air (oxygen) for the hydrogen fuel cell 100, so that the hydrogen fuel cell 100 can perform an electrochemical reaction. The control unit 1 can collect the gas pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle 200 and the temperature and humidity of the hydrogen fuel cell 100, and determine whether the hydrogen fuel cell 100 meets the start-up conditions, effectively avoiding the hydrogen fuel cell 100 from starting under insufficient gas pressure and avoiding the hydrogen fuel cell 100 from being in a low temperature state for a long time after starting, which affects the working efficiency.

[0040] The cold and hot air mixing chamber 2 is provided with a cold air inlet 21, a hot air inlet 22 and a mixed gas outlet 23. The cold air inlet 21 is connected to the outside air. In this embodiment, the outside air is the source of cold air and is also the source of oxygen raw materials for the hydrogen fuel cell 100. The hydrogen fuel cell 100 is also provided with an oxygen inlet 101 and an exhaust port 102. The mixed gas outlet 23 is connected to the oxygen inlet 101 to provide mixed gas for the hydrogen fuel cell 100. The exhaust port 102 is provided with an exhaust pipe 103. The end of the exhaust pipe 103 away from the exhaust port 102 is connected to the hot air inlet 22. The exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust port 102 here is the source of hot air. The mixed gas is a mixed gas of the cold air and hot air mentioned above. By adjusting the ratio of cold air and hot air, the temperature of the mixed gas can be adjusted. The exhaust treatment chamber 3 is arranged on the exhaust pipe 103. The exhaust treatment chamber 3 is used to process the temperature and humidity of the exhaust gas of the hydrogen fuel cell 100 and then send it into the cold and hot air mixing chamber 2. The treatment here includes dehumidification and moisturizing, as well as cooling and other treatments; the first control valve 4 is arranged on the exhaust pipe 103 and is communicatively connected to the control unit 1. The control unit 1 is used to control the flow of the exhaust pipe 103, and then the gas flow entering the hot air inlet 22 can be adjusted to achieve the adjustment of the ratio of cold air and hot air.

[0041] The low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device of the hydrogen fuel cell provided by the present invention is suitable for the low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control of the air-cooled fuel cell. By setting the cold and hot air mixing chamber 2 and the exhaust treatment chamber 3 between the oxygen inlet 101 and the exhaust port 102 of the hydrogen fuel cell 100, the control unit 1 can control the start of the hydrogen fuel cell 100 according to the gas pressure data of the hydrogen storage bottle 200 and the temperature and humidity data of the hydrogen fuel cell 100, and control the temperature and humidity of the mixed gas entering the oxygen inlet 101, thereby realizing the start-up control of the hydrogen fuel cell 100 and the temperature and humidity control after the start-up. At low temperatures, the exhaust gas after the hydrogen fuel cell 100 is started can directly flow back to the cold and hot air mixing chamber 2 for heat recovery, which is conducive to quickly increasing the ambient temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell 100, thereby improving the low-temperature environment adaptability and working efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell 100. The specific control method will be described in detail in the following embodiments. Among them, the hydrogen storage bottle 200 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell 100 through a hydrogen pipe, and an electromagnetic pressure reducing valve 201 is provided on the hydrogen pipe. The electromagnetic pressure reducing valve 201 can also be replaced by a pressure sensor and a gas flow meter. The electromagnetic pressure reducing valve 201 is communicatively connected to the control unit 1 to realize pressure monitoring and flow regulation of hydrogen.

[0042] In some embodiments, the exhaust treatment chamber 3 is arranged on the exhaust pipe 103, and the exhaust treatment chamber 3 includes a discharge valve 31, a gas drying chamber 32 and a humidity holding chamber 33. The gas drying chamber 32 and the humidity holding chamber 33 are selectively connected to the exhaust pipe 103, and the discharge valve 31 is arranged at the exhaust port 102. When the temperature of the exhaust gas at the exhaust port 102 is lower than the first set value, the exhaust gas directly enters the cold and hot air mixing chamber 2 through the exhaust pipe 103; when the temperature of the exhaust gas is higher than the second set value, the discharge valve 31 opens to discharge the exhaust gas directly and quickly; when the temperature of the exhaust gas is between the first set value and the second set value, the gas drying chamber 32 and the humidity holding chamber 33 are selectively connected according to the humidity of the exhaust gas, wherein the second control valve 34 can switch the connection between the gas drying chamber 32 and the humidity holding chamber 33, and adjust and control the exhaust flow entering the gas drying chamber 32 and the humidity holding chamber 33.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1The middle dotted line is the communication connection line, and the solid line is the gas circulation pipeline. The exhaust treatment chamber 3 in this embodiment is arranged on the exhaust pipe 103, wherein the gas drying chamber 32 is used to dry and dehumidify the exhaust gas so as to reduce the gas humidity of the oxygen inlet 101 of the hydrogen fuel cell 100; the humidity holding chamber 33 is used to moisturize the exhaust gas. When the gas humidity is low, it affects the normal use of the proton exchange membrane of the hydrogen fuel cell 100, so it is necessary to adjust the humidity of the gas. The function of the discharge valve 31 is to directly discharge the high-temperature exhaust gas exceeding the second set value, and the discharge includes partial discharge or full discharge. Specifically, the control unit 1 can control the displacement of the discharge valve 31, and the temperature of the mixed gas at the oxygen inlet 101 can be adjusted by synchronously adjusting the discharge valve 31 and the first control valve 4. In this embodiment, the discharge valve 31 and the first control valve 4 can be set separately, or integrated into a three-way control valve to simplify the pipeline setting. During the startup phase of the hydrogen fuel cell 100, when the ambient temperature, i.e., the cold air temperature, is low, the temperature of the oxygen inlet 101 is generally low. Therefore, the control unit 1 can be used to adjust the discharge valve 31 to be closed and the first control valve 4 to be opened, so that the high-temperature exhaust gas flows back to the cold and hot air mixing chamber 2 through the exhaust pipe 103, and the cold air and the hot exhaust gas are mixed to heat the mixed gas, thereby increasing the gas temperature at the oxygen inlet 101. This is conducive to quickly improving the ambient temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell 100. Compared with the prior art, there is no need to increase parasitic power consumption or weight, and the temperature of the oxygen inlet 101 is increased, thereby achieving energy saving by reusing high-temperature gas.

[0044] In some embodiments, the exhaust treatment chamber 3 further includes a second control valve 34 , which is communicatively connected to the control unit 1 , and is used for switching on or proportionally connecting the gas drying chamber 32 and the humidity holding chamber 33 .

[0045] In this embodiment, the first control valve 4 and the second control valve 34 are both electric valves with adjustable flow rates, which are controlled and regulated by the control unit 1. The second control valve 34 is a three-way control valve, which can realize the communication between the exhaust pipe 103 and the gas drying chamber 32, or the communication between the exhaust pipe 103 and the humidity holding chamber 33, and can proportionally pass the exhaust gas into the gas drying chamber 32 and the humidity holding chamber 33 as needed. Unless otherwise specified, the connections between the pipelines are connected and controlled by three-way valves.

[0046] Embodiment 2:

[0047] Based on the first embodiment, the second embodiment improves the exhaust treatment chamber 3, wherein the exhaust treatment chamber 3 is arranged on the exhaust pipe 103, and the exhaust treatment chamber 3 includes a discharge valve 31, a condensate collection device 35 and a branch pipeline 36. The branch pipeline 36 is arranged on the exhaust pipe 103 between the condensate collection device 35 and the exhaust port 102, and the branch pipeline 36 is provided with a device to be heated 300. After the exhaust gas passing through the branch pipeline 36 exchanges heat with the device to be heated 300, the temperature is reduced and enters the condensate collection device 35 for condensate collection. The discharge valve 31 is arranged between the condensate collection device 35 and the first control valve 4, and is used to discharge the excess exhaust gas, or directly discharge the high-temperature exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe 103. It should be noted that it is generally known that the gas flow direction is driven by power by setting a power pump on the corresponding pipeline, and this application does not make a special description. The power pump can be set as needed during the specific implementation.

[0048] It can be understood that after the hydrogen fuel cell 100 is started and begins to work normally, the hydrogen fuel cell 100 generates a large amount of heat. By setting up a branch pipeline 36, the high-temperature exhaust gas can be heated to the heating device 300 through the branch pipeline 36. The heating method is such as heat exchange through the heat exchanger after the heat exchange plate to achieve cooling of the high-temperature exhaust gas. The water content in the cooled exhaust gas decreases. The moisture in the low-temperature exhaust gas is collected by the condensed water collection device 35 to achieve dehumidification of the low-temperature exhaust gas. The condensed water collection device 35 is provided with a drain valve for regularly draining the condensed water. The drain valve can also be connected to the control unit 1 by communication to achieve automatic drainage. It can be understood that a humidity sensor can be provided at the outlet of the condensed water collection device 35 to detect the humidity of the low-temperature exhaust gas. If the humidity is too high, the condensed water collection device 35 is used for dehumidification. If the humidity is insufficient and the temperature is too low, the opening and closing of the branch pipeline 36 can be adjusted to control the temperature and humidity of the exhaust gas, so that the exhaust gas can enter the cold and hot air mixing chamber 2 after humidification through the condensed water collection device 35. In this embodiment, the discharge valve 31 is arranged at the outlet end of the condensate collection device 35. When the temperature, humidity or flow rate of the low-temperature exhaust gas does not meet the requirements of the hot air inlet 22, it is directly discharged through the discharge valve 31; or the flow ratio is adjusted by adjusting the proportional relationship between the discharge valve 31 and the first control valve 4 to achieve the mixing of cold and hot air.

[0049] In some embodiments, multiple branch pipelines 36 and the equipment to be heated 300 are respectively provided and arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and each branch pipeline 36 is switched to conduct to the exhaust pipe 103 through the third control valve 361.

[0050] like Figure 2As shown, two branch pipelines 36 are provided on the exhaust pipe 103 for heat exchange heating of at least two devices to be heated 300. The third control valve 361 is communicatively connected to the control unit 1, and can realize automatic switching control of the branch pipeline 36. The third control valve 361 is an electric valve with adjustable flow.

[0051] In some embodiments, the cold air inlet 21 is provided with a blower 24 , and the exhaust port 102 of the hydrogen fuel cell 100 is provided with a cooling fan 104 . Both the blower 24 and the cooling fan 104 are communicatively connected to the control unit 1 .

[0052] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the blower 24 is used to adjust the flow rate of cold air, and the heat dissipation fan 104 is provided at the exhaust port 102 of the hydrogen fuel cell 100, and is used to dissipate the heat of the hydrogen fuel cell 100 and quickly discharge the high-temperature exhaust gas to increase the heat dissipation efficiency. By providing the blower 24 and the heat dissipation fan 104, it is more convenient for the control unit 1 to regulate the temperature of the mixture of cold air and hot air in the cold and hot air mixing chamber 2.

[0053] It should be noted that in the above-mentioned Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, the temperature, humidity and gas pressure are measured by a plurality of temperature sensors, humidity sensors and electromagnetic pressure relief valve 201 or pressure sensors, and sent to the control unit 1, so that the control unit 1 controls the opening of valves such as the first control valve 4, the second control valve 34, the third control valve 361 and the relief valve 31, realizes flow regulation, and then controls the temperature and humidity, and provides suitable environmental conditions for the normal operation of the hydrogen fuel cell 100. Among them, an air filter 25 is also provided at the cold air inlet 21 of the cold and hot air mixing chamber 2 for filtering the outside air.

[0054] Furthermore, the branch pipeline 36 and condensed water collection device 35 provided in the second embodiment can be arranged on the exhaust pipe 103 together with the gas drying chamber 32 and humidity holding chamber 33 in the first embodiment, that is, in addition to the heating equipment 300, the branch pipeline 36 can also be installed with the gas drying chamber 32 and humidity holding chamber 33. The control unit 1 controls the valves on each branch pipeline 36 to realize switching conduction adjustment, realize the comprehensive function setting of the exhaust treatment chamber 3, and meet the needs of various temperature and humidity. It should be noted that in the case where each valve does not have an electronic control function, a solenoid valve can be configured to realize automatic control.

[0055] The present invention also provides a method for low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control of a hydrogen fuel cell. According to the low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device of a hydrogen fuel cell provided in any of the above embodiments, the method for low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control of a hydrogen fuel cell comprises the following steps:

[0056] S1, start the control unit 1, the control unit 1 collects the gas pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle 200 and the temperature and humidity of the hydrogen fuel cell 100, and determines whether the hydrogen fuel cell 100 meets the start-up conditions. If the start-up conditions are met, execute step S2;

[0057] S2, start the hydrogen fuel cell 100, the cold and hot air mixing chamber 2 provides the hydrogen fuel cell 100 with mixed gas (oxygen), and the exhaust port 102 of the hydrogen fuel cell 100 is directly connected to the hot air inlet 22 of the cold and hot air mixing chamber 2;

[0058] S3, when the temperature of the exhaust gas is higher than the second set value, the exhaust gas passes through the exhaust gas treatment chamber 3 and then enters the cold and hot air mixing chamber 2.

[0059] In the low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control method of the hydrogen fuel cell provided by the present invention, the control unit 1 determines the start-up conditions of the hydrogen fuel cell 100 by collecting the gas pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle 200; when the start-up conditions are met, the hydrogen fuel cell 100 is started; after the hydrogen fuel cell 100 is started, the control unit 1 controls the flow rate of the cold air inlet 21 and the flow rate of the hot air inlet 22 of the cold and hot air mixing chamber 2, and processes the temperature and humidity of the exhaust gas through the exhaust treatment chamber 3, so as to realize the temperature and humidity control of the hydrogen fuel cell 100, thereby improving the environmental adaptability of the hydrogen fuel cell 100. It can be understood that the exhaust port 102 in the above step S2 is connected with the hot air inlet 22 through the exhaust pipe 103, so by controlling the opening and closing and flow size of the first control valve 4, the high-temperature hot gas can be recycled to heat the cold air to obtain a mixed gas with a suitable temperature, and by controlling the flow rate of the first control valve 4, the control unit 1 can adjust the gas flow rate of the hot air inlet 22 according to the temperature of the high-temperature exhaust gas, which is convenient for adjusting the temperature of the mixed gas, so that the hydrogen fuel cell 100 can obtain a suitable ambient temperature as soon as possible, and improve the working efficiency.

[0060] In some embodiments, in step S1, when the gas pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle 200 is lower than the minimum starting pressure, it indicates that the hydrogen is insufficient; when the gas pressure is higher than the minimum starting pressure, the control unit 1 controls the hydrogen fuel cell 100 to start.

[0061] It can be understood that after the control unit 1 is started, it first collects signals from various sensors to obtain temperature, humidity and gas pressure, which are used to determine whether the hydrogen fuel cell 100 meets the start-up conditions. When the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage bottle 200 is lower than the set minimum starting pressure, the hydrogen fuel cell 100 is not started, and the hydrogen storage bottle 200 needs to be inflated and pressurized; when the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage bottle 200 is higher than the set minimum starting pressure, the control unit 1 issues a hydrogen fuel cell 100 start-up instruction. After the hydrogen fuel cell 100 is started, the control unit 1 controls the flow of cold air and hot air. If the ambient temperature is low, the temperature of the cold air is low. Under suitable humidity conditions, the control unit 1 closes the discharge valve 31, reduces the speed of the blower 24 and the cooling fan 104, and increases the flow of the high-temperature exhaust gas through the first control valve 4 to the exhaust pipe 103, so that the high-temperature exhaust gas enters the cold and hot air mixing chamber 2 through the hot air inlet 22, so that the temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell 100 can be raised to a suitable working temperature (generally not less than 50°C) as soon as possible; then the control unit 1 adjusts and controls the flow (reflux ratio) of the first control valve 4, the speed of the cooling fan 104, and the speed of the blower 24 in real time according to the collected temperature and humidity data to maintain the temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell 100. It should be noted that the initial startup temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell 100 needs to be above 0°C. The specific maintenance method can be achieved by self-heating through a mechanical switch short circuit, or by storage in a suitable environment. Both are other existing technologies that can be implemented, and this embodiment will not provide detailed descriptions or specific limitations.

[0062] In step S2, when the exhaust temperature is lower than the first set value, it means that the ambient temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell 100 is low at this time. The control unit 1 controls the flow rate of the cold air inlet 21 to be smaller than the flow rate of the hot air inlet 22. The first set value is smaller than the second set value. The exhaust heat is used to mix and heat the cold air to quickly increase the operating temperature and ambient temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell 100.

[0063] In some embodiments, in step S3 , when the temperature of the exhaust gas is higher than the second set value, the exhaust gas is directly discharged through the discharge valve 31 , or the exhaust gas is cooled through the branch pipe 36 and enters the condensate collection device 35 , and then enters the cold and hot air mixing chamber 2 .

[0064] When the temperature of the exhaust gas is too high, the hydrogen fuel cell 100 needs to be quickly cooled. At this time, the high-temperature exhaust gas can be directly discharged, the speed of the cooling fan 104 is increased to quickly discharge the high-temperature exhaust gas, and the speed of the blower 24 is increased to increase the flow rate of cold air to reduce the temperature of the mixed gas. When the device to be heated 300 is set, the high-temperature exhaust gas can be used for heat exchange with the device to be heated 300 to achieve exhaust gas cooling and energy reuse. The cooled exhaust gas is dehydrated in the condensed water collection device 35 to adjust the humidity of the exhaust gas, and then the exhaust gas is discharged or refluxed to the hot and cold air mixing chamber 2.

[0065] If the humidity of the exhaust gas is detected to be high, the exhaust hot and humid air needs to be partially separated and dehydrated through the gas drying chamber 32. If the humidity of the gas at the hot air inlet 22 is detected to be low, the exhaust gas is humidified through the humidity holding chamber 33. In some embodiments, the gas drying chamber 32 and the humidity holding chamber 33 can be alternately connected. In other embodiments, the gas drying chamber 32 and the humidity holding chamber 33 can also be connected at the same time, and the humidity control is realized by adjusting the flow rate through the second control valve 34 or the control valves at the front end of each.

[0066] In the above embodiment, the suitable operating temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell 100 is related to its own performance. Therefore, the first set value and the second set value of the temperature and the suitable value of the humidity are the factory performance parameters of the hydrogen fuel cell 100. This embodiment uses the performance parameters to improve and enhance the adaptability of the hydrogen fuel cell 100 to the low-temperature use environment.

[0067] The low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device and method of the hydrogen fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention improves the environmental adaptability of the cathode open air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 100 without significantly increasing parasitic power consumption and additional weight through the hot gas reflux of the exhaust gas of the hydrogen fuel cell 100; the waste heat of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 100 is fully utilized to improve the energy utilization efficiency of the drone or other hydrogen-powered equipment system that uses the cathode open air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell 100 as a power source, and the waste heat is used to heat the remaining components in the system, which is conducive to solving the low-temperature environment adaptation problem from the system level. The temperature and humidity required for the normal and efficient operation of the air-cooled fuel cell are controlled separately, which is more variable-specific and more conducive to creating a scene suitable for the fuel cell reaction; the monitoring and control of the system are integrated on the electronic control unit 1, which has autonomous control capabilities, and its control form is simple in process, high in execution efficiency, and safe and reliable.

[0068] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device for a hydrogen fuel cell, characterized in that: include: A control unit (1), the control unit (1) being used to collect the gas pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle (200) and the temperature and humidity of the hydrogen fuel cell (100), and to determine whether the hydrogen fuel cell (100) meets the start-up conditions; a cold and hot air mixing chamber (2), the cold and hot air mixing chamber (2) being provided with a cold air inlet (21), a hot air inlet (22) and a mixed gas outlet (23), the cold air inlet (21) being connected to the outside air, the hydrogen fuel cell (100) being provided with an oxygen inlet (101) and an exhaust port (102), the mixed gas outlet (23) being connected to the oxygen inlet (101) to provide mixed gas for the hydrogen fuel cell (100), the exhaust port (102) being provided with an exhaust pipe (103), the end of the exhaust pipe (103) facing away from the exhaust port (102) being connected to the hot air inlet (22); An exhaust gas treatment chamber (3), the exhaust gas treatment chamber (3) being arranged on the exhaust pipe (103), and the exhaust gas treatment chamber (3) being used to treat the temperature and humidity of the exhaust gas of the hydrogen fuel cell (100) and then send the exhaust gas into the cold and hot air mixing chamber (2); A first control valve (4), wherein the first control valve (4) is arranged on the exhaust pipe (103) and is communicatively connected to the control unit (1), wherein the control unit (1) is used to control the flow rate of the exhaust gas entering the cold and hot air mixing chamber (2).

2. The low temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust treatment chamber (3) is arranged on the exhaust pipe (103), and the exhaust treatment chamber (3) comprises a discharge valve (31), a gas drying chamber (32) and a humidity holding chamber (33). The gas drying chamber (32) and the humidity holding chamber (33) are selectively connected to the exhaust pipe (103). The discharge valve (31) is arranged at the exhaust port (102). When the temperature of the exhaust gas at the exhaust port (102) is lower than a first set value, the exhaust gas directly enters the cold and hot air mixing chamber (2) through the exhaust pipe (103); when the temperature of the exhaust gas is higher than a second set value, the discharge valve (31) is opened; when the temperature of the exhaust gas is between the first set value and the second set value, the gas drying chamber (32) and the humidity holding chamber (33) are selectively connected according to the humidity of the exhaust gas.

3. The low temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The exhaust treatment chamber (3) further comprises a second control valve (34), the second control valve (34) being communicatively connected to the control unit (1), and the second control valve (34) being used for selectively connecting the gas drying chamber (32) and the humidity holding chamber (33).

4. The low temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust treatment chamber (3) is arranged on the exhaust pipe (103), and the exhaust treatment chamber (3) comprises a discharge valve (31), a condensate collecting device (35) and a branch pipeline (36). The branch pipeline (36) is arranged on the exhaust pipe (103) between the condensate collecting device (35) and the exhaust port (102). The branch pipeline (36) is provided with a device to be heated (300). After the exhaust gas passing through the branch pipeline (36) undergoes heat exchange in the device to be heated (300), the temperature of the exhaust gas is reduced and the exhaust gas enters the condensate collecting device (35) for condensate collection. The discharge valve (31) is arranged between the condensate collecting device (35) and the first control valve (4).

5. The low temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The branch pipelines (36) and the equipment to be heated (300) are respectively provided in plurality and arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and each branch pipeline (36) selectively conducts to the exhaust pipe (103) via a third control valve (361).

6. The low temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cold air inlet (21) is provided with a blower (24), the exhaust port (102) of the hydrogen fuel cell (100) is provided with a cooling fan (104), and both the blower (24) and the cooling fan (104) are communicatively connected to the control unit (1).

7. A method for low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control of a hydrogen fuel cell, characterized in that: According to the low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control device of a hydrogen fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the low-temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control method of a hydrogen fuel cell comprises the following steps: S1, starting the control unit (1), the control unit (1) collects the gas pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle (200) and the temperature and humidity of the hydrogen fuel cell (100), and determines whether the hydrogen fuel cell (100) meets the starting conditions, and if the starting conditions are met, executes step S2; S2, starting the hydrogen fuel cell (100), the cold and hot air mixing chamber (2) providing a mixed gas for the hydrogen fuel cell (100), the hydrogen storage bottle (200) providing hydrogen for the hydrogen fuel cell (100), and the exhaust port (102) of the hydrogen fuel cell (100) being directly connected to the hot air inlet (22) of the cold and hot air mixing chamber (2); S3, when the temperature of the exhaust gas from the exhaust port (102) is higher than a second set value, the exhaust gas from the exhaust port (102) passes through the exhaust treatment chamber (3) and then enters the cold and hot air mixing chamber (2).

8. The method for low temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control of a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S1, when the gas pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle (200) is lower than the minimum starting pressure, it indicates that the hydrogen is insufficient; when the gas pressure is higher than the minimum starting pressure, the control unit (1) controls the hydrogen fuel cell (100) to start.

9. The method for low temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control of a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S2, when the temperature of the exhaust gas from the exhaust port (102) is lower than a first set value, the control unit (1) controls the flow rate of the cold air inlet (21) to be smaller than the flow rate of the hot air inlet (22), and the first set value is smaller than the second set value.

10. The method for low temperature self-starting and temperature and humidity control of a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S3, when the temperature of the exhaust gas from the exhaust port (102) is higher than the second set value, the exhaust gas from the exhaust port (102) is directly discharged through the discharge valve (31), or the exhaust gas from the exhaust port (102) is cooled through a branch pipe (36) and enters the condensate collection device (35), and then enters the cold and hot air mixing chamber (2).

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