Context control

Abstract

A system includes an indicating device (10) and an indicated device (50). A pointing device (10) configured to send a command signal to a pointed device (50) and form a command chain (40) with the pointed device includes an interface (14) configured to send a command signal (12). The indicating device (10) further comprises a control unit (16) configured to provide an indication signal (18) comprising an indication associated with a target behavior of the indicated device (50). The indication device is configured to access / use contextual information indicative of a context of the command chain (40) to generate a command (24) from the indication based on the contextual information. The command (24) is associated with operation of the indicated device (50). Alternatively or in addition, the device is configured to provide context information indicating a context of the command chain to interpret commands belonging to the command chain. The device is configured to transmit a command signal including a command using the interface.

Description

[0001] manual

[0002] The present invention relates to devices, such as pointing devices and pointed devices, that use context information to provide and interpret commands, such as communicating in a command chain. The present invention also relates to systems including such devices, methods of operating such devices and / or systems, and computer program products. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of contextual commands in a wireless communication system (WCS).

[0003] Fig.40 A schematic block diagram of a controlled process 2000 is shown. The process 2000 provides a relationship between an input 2002 of the process 2000 and an output 2004 of the process 2000.

[0004] Control System

[0005] A control system is the interconnected components that make up the system configuration that will provide the desired system response. The basis for system analysis is provided by linear systems theory, which assumes that there are cause-and-effect relationships between the components of the system. Therefore, the component or process to be controlled can be expressed in terms of Fig.40 The blocks shown are used to represent this.

[0006] The input-output relationship between input 2102 and output 2104 represents the cause-effect relationship of the process, which in turn represents the processing of the input signal to provide the output signal variable, usually with power amplification. An open-loop control system utilizes a controller or control actuator 2100 to obtain a desired response through output 2004, such as Fig.41 The open-loop control system is shown in Figure 2.

[0007] Compared with open-loop control systems, Fig.42 The closed loop control system shown utilizes an additional measurement 2200 of the actual output in order to compare the actual output to the desired output response 2300. The measurement of the output is referred to as the feedback signal 2202. A schematic block diagram of a simple closed loop feedback control system is shown below. Fig.42 shown.

[0008] The standard definition of a feedback control system is as follows: A feedback control system is a control system that maintains a specified relationship between one system variable and another by comparing functions of those variables and using the difference as a means of control.

[0009] Feedback control systems typically control a process using a function of a specified relationship between an output 2004 and a reference input 2102. Typically, the difference between the output of the process being controlled and the reference input is amplified and used to control the process so that the difference is continually reduced. The concept of feedback has been fundamental to the analysis and design of control systems.

[0010] In addition to the simple example given above, control systems can also include further combinations of open-loop and closed-loop systems. In addition, the system may also have multiple inputs and multiple outputs, such as Fig.43 shown.

[0011] Command system

[0012] In prior art SOTA control loops, a system or process controller is used to control the output of a system or process. Such a controller may use an instruction (or a set of instructions) to instantiate the desired settings for the system or process. When implemented with digital messages, such settings or sequences of settings are often referred to as device drivers, where device refers to a device, system, or process.

[0013] A classic example is a personal computer 3100 with a printer 3200 connected to it, such as Fig.44 300, illustrates an example of a personal computer 3100 connected to external devices in response to commands from a user 3300; wherein the hardware and software configuration includes a printer device driver 3130. The device driver 3130 is a software program installed on the host computer 3100 so that when used with the computer's operating system 3120 and further application programs 3110, such as a word processor, the correct messages or commands are sent from the PC 3100 to the printer 3200, causing the printer 3200 to produce a printed output, such as a file, in accordance with the wishes of the user 3300 via the application program 3110 being used. In this particular example, the system controller (computer) 3100 requires a software device driver 3130 that is specific not only to the printer 3200 connected to the computer 3100, but also to the operating system 3120 installed on the computer 3100. In general, any given hardware device requires the installation of a device driver 3130 specific to the hardware device 3200 and the operating system 3120 on the computer 3100.

[0014] Referring to the classic example given earlier, in a standardized SOTA system, a device driver library might be provided as part of the operating system, so that when a new hardware device is connected to computer 3100 and identifies itself to computer 3100, computer 3100 then retrieves the appropriate device driver from its library and installs it if necessary.

[0015] However, even if the interface between the controller and the controlled system is standardized at the level of the instruction set, a priori knowledge of the instruction set and its sequence must be known. Considering the increasing complexity of devices, systems, processes and their combinations, such as their interactions, interdependencies, connections, coordination, scheduling, choreography, cooperation and calibration, standard controllers may not be able to exploit certain features.

[0016] Non-proprietary, standard-compliant products must meet the requirements of system interoperability. This means that controllers and devices made by different manufacturers can be used interchangeably as components of a fully functional system. Therefore, innovative and "future-proof" use of controllable systems, devices and processes will require new forms of interfaces between controllers or commands and systems, entities or processes.

[0017] Therefore, there is a need to enhance the interoperability of devices.

[0018] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a concept for enhancing interoperability, particularly but not exclusively in the field of wireless communications.

[0019] The inventors have found that a high degree of interoperability can be achieved when using contextual information on the indicating device and / or indicated device side, which allows assumptions to be made about how the indicated device will interpret the provided indications and how the indicating device represents the indications / commands when interpreting the provided indications / commands, respectively.

[0020] According to an embodiment, a device, such as an indicating device, is configured to send a command signal to an indicated device that forms a command chain with the indicating device. The device includes an interface configured to transmit a command signal and a control unit configured to provide an indication signal including an indication associated with a target behavior of the indicated device. The device is configured to access and / or use context information indicating a context of the command chain and to generate a command from the indication based on the context information. The command is associated with the operation of the indicated device. Alternatively or in addition, the device is suitable for providing context information indicating a context of the command chain for interpreting commands belonging to the command chain. The device is configured to use an interface to send a command signal including a command. That is, as part of the command chain, the device can provide an indication-based command, and the command is derived from the indication by using the context information. However, the device can also be outside the command chain or not part of the command chain, which can allow context information to be provided to another device that is part of the command chain. Using context information can allow a small amount of information to be transmitted with a command signal, for example, based on the assumption that information and / or interpretation and / or context information exists in the indicating device. Alternatively or additionally, a device may not need to know the specific details of command interpretation at the instructed device, but can focus on the target behavior, ie the goal to be achieved, which provides a high degree of interoperability for devices of different manufacturers.

[0021] According to an embodiment, a device is configured to operate based on a received command as an indicated device of a command chain. The device includes an interface configured to receive a command signal including a command. The device is configured to access / use context information indicating the context of the command chain and generate settings of the device from the command based on the context information. The settings are associated with the operation of the device. The device is configured to implement and / or execute the settings. The context information can be provided by the indicated device or a different entity. This allows commands and / or instructions to be implemented even if these commands are not suitable or consistent with the required settings or the structure of the device. Based on the context information, the device can understand what the purpose behind the received command is, and thus perform corresponding operations.

[0022] According to an embodiment, a system includes a pointing device and a pointed device.

[0023] Further embodiments relate to methods of operating these devices and / or systems.Further embodiments relate to a computer program product, such as a computer readable digital storage medium having a computer program stored thereon.

[0024] Further advantageous embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.

[0025] Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a classic closed-loop system is shown;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic block diagram of an open-loop control system is shown;

[0028] Figure 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a control system having a feedback path;

[0029] Figure 4 shows a schematic block diagram of a closed-loop control system showing external influences;

[0030] Figure 5 A simplified system comprising two functional blocks is shown: a controller and a system;

[0031] Figure 6 shows a schematic block diagram related to context information used in an embodiment;

[0032] Figure 7 shows a schematic block diagram related to additional information and context information used in an embodiment;

[0033] Figure 8 shows a schematic block diagram of a system according to an embodiment;

[0034] Fig. 9shows a schematic representation of the amount of information associated with the use of context information in conjunction with an indication according to an embodiment;

[0035] Fig.10 A schematic block diagram of a system according to an embodiment is shown, comprising a command chain having an instructing device and an instructed device;

[0036] Fig.11a It shows that according to the embodiment Fig.10 A schematic block diagram of an abstract representation of a chain of command;

[0037] Fig.11b -d shows the Fig.11a A schematic tree representation of the fuzzy block diagram associated with the

[0038] Fig.12 A block diagram of a system according to an embodiment is shown; it includes a fuzzy processor;

[0039] Fig.13 shows a schematic block diagram of a pointing device according to an embodiment;

[0040] Fig.14 A schematic block diagram of an indicated device according to an embodiment is shown;

[0041] Fig.15 A schematic diagram showing a portion of a valid setting according to an embodiment, which setting may be derived from a command and at an instructed device;

[0042] Fig.16 A schematic flow chart of a method according to an embodiment is shown;

[0043] Fig.17 A schematic block diagram of a device according to an embodiment is shown; the device can be operated as an indicating device and / or as an indicated device;

[0044] Fig.18 shows a schematic block diagram of a system according to an embodiment, wherein an indicated device reports ambiguity to an indicating device;

[0045] Fig.19 shows a schematic block diagram of a system according to an embodiment, wherein ambiguous information can be reported from a pointing device to a pointed device;

[0046] Fig. 20 A schematic block diagram of a system according to an embodiment is shown, comprising Fig.13 and Fig.14 equipment;

[0047] Fig.21 shows a schematic block diagram of a system according to an embodiment, having two devices, wherein a remote radio head is an indicated device;

[0048] Fig. 22 A schematic block diagram of a system according to an embodiment is shown, with two devices, wherein the UE is an indicated device;

[0049] Fig.23 A schematic block diagram of a system with three devices according to an embodiment is shown, wherein the gNB and the UE are controlled by a third-party controller;

[0050] Fig.24 A schematic block diagram of another system with three devices according to an embodiment is shown, wherein the gNB and the UE are controlled by a third-party controller;

[0051] Fig.25 A block diagram of a system having four devices with a reconfigurable smart surface (RIS) illustrating possible locations of third-party controllers according to an embodiment is shown;

[0052] Fig.26 According to an embodiment, a similar Fig.25 A schematic block diagram of a system, wherein the third-party controller is a dedicated device;

[0053] Fig. 27 According to an embodiment, a similar Fig.25 A schematic block diagram of a system in which the gNB is also a controlled device;

[0054] Fig.28 shows a schematic block diagram of a system with three devices according to an embodiment, wherein the RIS is controlled by a third-party controller;

[0055] Fig.29 A schematic block diagram of a system according to an embodiment is shown, the system having a third-party controller located in a UE to control a gNB and a RIS;

[0056] Fig.30 According to an embodiment, a similar Fig.29 A schematic block diagram of a system, wherein the third party controller is located in the RIS;

[0057] Fig.31 FIG. 1 shows a diagram similar to FIG. 1 in which the roles of the indicated device and another indicated device are exchanged according to an embodiment. Fig.30 A schematic block diagram of a system;

[0058] Fig.32 A schematic block diagram of a system according to an embodiment is shown, comprising a relay connecting a gNB and a UE, the gNB forming an indication device;

[0059] Fig.33 According to an embodiment, a similar Fig.32A schematic block diagram of a system in which a gNB controls a relay and a UE;

[0060] Fig.34 According to an embodiment, a similar Fig.32 A schematic block diagram of a system of , wherein a third party controller forms a dedicated entity of the system to control the relay and the UE;

[0061] Fig.35 A schematic block diagram of a system according to an embodiment is shown, wherein a third-party controller controls a gNB, a relay, and a UE;

[0062] Fig.36 A schematic block diagram of a system according to an embodiment is shown, Fig.33 In contrast, the system includes roles exchanged between the gNB and the UE in the case of a controlled device and another controlled device;

[0063] Fig.37 A schematic block diagram of a system according to an embodiment is shown, wherein a third-party controller of a UE controls a relay and a gNB;

[0064] Fig.38 A schematic block diagram of a system according to an embodiment is shown, wherein a third-party controller of a relay controls a UE and a gNB;

[0065] Fig.39 A schematic block diagram of a system according to an embodiment is shown, wherein a third-party controller of a relay controls a UE as a controlled device and a gNB as another controlled device;

[0066] Fig.40 shows a schematic block diagram of a process to be controlled;

[0067] Fig.41 A schematic block diagram of an open-loop control system is shown;

[0068] Fig.42 A schematic block diagram of a closed-loop control system is shown;

[0069] Fig.43 A schematic block diagram of a known system having multiple inputs and multiple outputs; and

[0070] Fig.44 A schematic block diagram of a known personal computer system with a printer connected thereto is shown.

[0071] The same or equivalent elements or elements having the same or equivalent functions are denoted by the same or equivalent reference numerals in the following description even if they appear in different drawings.

[0072] In the following description, a number of details are presented to provide a more thorough explanation of the embodiments of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other cases, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form rather than in detail to avoid obscuring the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, unless otherwise specifically stated, the features of the different embodiments described below may be combined with each other.

[0073] Some embodiments described herein are related to the use of context information. Such context information can be used by the pointing device to derive a respective command from an indication describing a target behavior of the indicated device. The command can set the target behavior in the context of other parts of the system, such as the pointing device, the indicated device, or the environment of the command chain.

[0074] Furthermore, the context information may be used on the indicated device to put the received command into context to interpret the meaning of the received command.

[0075] As a further option that may be implemented alternatively or in combination with the above, context information may be provided by an entity external to the command chain to at least one of the instructing device and the instructed device, such that these devices may rely on the context information provided from outside the command chain.

[0076] The context information may be related to any information or context of the command chain, for example, the instructing device and / or the instructed device.

[0077] In view of the indicating device, the contextual information may indicate or include information regarding at least one of the capabilities of the indicating device, the manufacturer of the indicating device, the type or model of the indicating device, the operator of the indicating device, the location of the indicating device, the operating conditions of the indicating device, absolute time or relative time, geographic location, relative location or co-location, direction, a set of conditions and / or validity information.

[0078] In view of the indicated device, the contextual information may include or indicate the capabilities of the indicated device, the manufacturer of the indicated device, the type or model of the indicated device, the operator of the indicated device, the location of the indicated device, the operating conditions of the indicated device, absolute or relative time, geographic location, relative location or co-location, direction, a set of conditions and at least one of the validity of the information.

[0079] According to one illustrated example, the target behavior to be indicated by the indicating device may include an indication that the indicating device or a part thereof or a beam thereof is to be placed "further to the left". The resulting command may take into account information about the indicated device, in which direction the device is actually facing, in order to define the direction of "left", for example, relative to the indicating device or relative to the indicated device. That is, whether the indicated device takes its own orientation as a reference or takes the orientation of the indicating device as a reference may also form part of the contextual information. Alternatively or in addition, with respect to the term "more" in "further to the left", the contextual information may indicate the step size to be performed at the indicating device, since the step size of the movement may be specific, for example, to the type, model, or manufacturer or other operating conditions of the indicated device. Knowing or assuming such contextual information may allow avoiding the presentation of definitions within the corresponding command signal and / or presenting the command signal even without knowing the precise set of instructions at the indicated device.

[0080] For example, according to an example, when referencing a target behavior associated with contextual information, the indicated device can utilize its own (internal) reference coordinate system from which the device can reference its relative orientation or position relative to a reference frame / point / anchor / coordinate system.

[0081] Alternatively or additionally, the indicated device may be located in a known / given space, such as a room, where the room provides a referenceable (external) coordinate system, for example through features of the room (such as particular corners), from which the device can extract / determine its orientation and / or position / location within the room.

[0082] If knowledge about such a reference coordinate system (internal and / or external) is available on the pointing device, for example as context information, the pointing device may utilize such position / location and orientation reference system to associate specific commands. For example, a command generated by the pointing device may include a set of angles (internal and / or external) related to a rotation on a plane relative to the coordinate system used by the pointing device.

[0083] As another example, an external coordinate system may be globally represented by transformation into a larger coordinate reference system, such as a geographic coordinate system (GCS) or a planetary coordinate system (PCS), to which commands may be relative.

[0084] Additionally, context or knowledge about a shared reference system, or the ability to transform from one coordinate system to another and / or the coordinate system to which commands refer / are associated, must be exchanged as part of the context information between the indicated device and / or indicating device.

[0085] In view of the problems associated with known systems, the inventors have determined that a controller (or commander) is needed to accomplish complex tasks. This may use standardized interfaces, require little or no prior knowledge of the functionality of the entity to be controlled, and therefore may avoid the need for device drivers. Furthermore, when used in combination with components that use some form of artificial intelligence, partial autonomy is possible.

[0086] In this context, the inventors have identified the advantages provided by replacing the system-specific and device-specific instructions used on the controller. Specific instructions and sets of instructions can be replaced by command sets that use context information provided by the controller and / or the system being controlled. The method minimizes the number of standardized interfaces and the command sets they support, and can support or ensure the stability of the control loop by introducing a command feedback mechanism. The latter allows a device, system or process to provide context information (including feedback) to the controller. Such feedback can include further requests and / or provision of context related to the operation of the control loop.

[0087] The problems to be solved by the embodiments described herein are summarized as follows in the form of objectives to be achieved:

[0088] Reduced signaling overhead—shorter commands and shorter command sets require less signaling bandwidth and shorter payload lengths;

[0089] Reduced latency—shorter commands can be processed and executed faster than longer command strings;

[0090] Open Standards - A command parser should be able to interpret the commands it receives from a commander, supported by the availability of context information (from the system controller and the system or process to be controlled). This means that the commander does not need to know the specific details of the command parser's command set, as the commander also supports the available context information;

[0091] Forward compatibility—Through the exchange of contextual information and the availability of a minimal or reduced command set, devices that introduce wireless communications at some point in the future can integrate with existing devices through the use of contextual commands.

[0092] The embodiments can be likened to closed loop systems on the one hand, and confused with them on the other hand, and it is useful to explain the similarities and differences. To this end, Figure 1 A classic closed loop system is illustrated in which a controller such as controller 2100 is used to control a process such as process 2000, for example, heating water contained in a tank for domestic washing and bathing, where the water should be neither too cold nor too hot. The output 2102 of process 2000 can be determined by measurement 2200, and the result can then be evaluated by comparison 2300 with the temperature setting of controller 2100. Fig.42A similar concept is described in .

[0093] Closed-loop and open-loop systems

[0094] In a simple domestic heating system, the controller will most likely either turn the heat on (completely) or turn it off (completely). Starting with cold water, the controller 2100 will ensure that heat is provided to the process 2000, thereby increasing the water temperature because the measured output 2004 of the process 2000 will be lower than the required or desired temperature (the set point). The controller 2100 continues to ensure that heat is provided to the process 2000 until the measured output 2004 is equal to or greater than the set point. More complex heating systems may use proportional controllers or those that also incorporate integral and / or derivative comparisons.

[0095] Although the closed-loop control system described above is by definition neither an instructing nor a commanding system, it relies on a feedback mechanism that, in a sense, provides contextual information about the output of the process.

[0096] Contrary to the above, Figure 2 , Fig.40 The open-loop control system shown does not show any form of feedback, but Figure 3 2002 to provide an output C(s) similar to output 2004. By comparison 2300, Figure 3 The closed-loop system provides an error signal Ea(s) as input to process 2000 based on measurement 2200 indicated by H(s).

[0097] For completeness, Figure 4 A closed loop control system showing external influences such as disturbances and noise is illustrated as being affected by external influences, factors that may affect the process or system output, factors labeled disturbances 2006 and noise 2008. This information is not provided directly to the controller; it only knows the system output and cannot determine if it is subject to external influences.

[0098] After explaining the principles of closed-loop control systems, the concept of contextual command systems will be introduced and, as promised, the similarities and differences between the two systems will be explained.

[0099] Command system

[0100] Figure 5A simplified system 500 is described that includes two functional blocks: a controller 2400 and a system 2000. In the example of an open-loop control system, the controller 2400 is equipped to process a command or request 2402 as well as optional or additional information 2404 and knowledge or experience 2406. The latter can be considered a priori information. Whereas the system 2000 has only one connection, the system input, the controller 2400 has up to three inputs, for example, a required command or request input 2402 and two optional inputs; one labeled optional or additional information 2404 and the other labeled experience or knowledge 2406. The arrangement of these blocks, their interconnections and their optional inputs are intended to illustrate the manner in which the controller processes commands or requests in order to provide input to the system to be controlled or commanded. Thus, the control process includes taking an input command or input request 2402 and processing it, with or without additional information 2404, experience or knowledge 2406, so that the input is translated, parsed or otherwise converted into a commanded system input understood by the system.

[0101] like Figure 6 As shown, when Figure 5 When the optional information or additional information 2404 described in the example is provided by the system 2000 itself, the structure and arrangement of the connection can be similar to the closed-loop system discussed above (such as Figure 4 Controller 2400 is equipped with a control system that processes commands or requests 2402, prior experience or knowledge 2406, and context information 2150. The latter can be any combination of prior information and post-prior information.

[0102] It is worth noting that Figure 6 The context information 2150 provided by the system is not necessarily an observation of the output of the system 2000, but can represent any system state, configuration, capability, condition, availability, request, etc.

[0103] Figure 7 Another arrangement is shown in which a controller 2400 is provided with context information 2150 from the system 2000 and optional or additional information 2404 from elsewhere. In the control system shown, the controller is equipped to process commands or requests, prior experience or knowledge, optional or additional information, and context information. The latter two types of information can be any combination of prior information and post-prior information.

[0104] In the linguistic example, a shopkeeper in a tourist shop might provide a first exchange of contextual information when asking a customer “English, French, German?” Based on the tourist’s response, the shopkeeper can then ask, “Can I help you?” in the appropriate language. Alternatively, the tourist might provide a first exchange of contextual information by asking the shopkeeper “Mówisz po polsku?” [“Do you speak Polish?”]. Even though the shopkeeper does not speak Polish, from the context of the question – it is the first question – they might understand that the language they are being asked is foreign to them and might therefore smile and respond, “Do you speak English?” When the tourist responds affirmatively, a conversation can begin and the information can change. In these examples, initiation has been initiated by either the first or second device.

[0105] Indication context and system context

[0106] Entities comprising elements of a modern wireless communication system (WCS) or wireless communication network (WCN) may be configured directly or indirectly by other entities constituting the same system or network. For example, a base station may (directly) configure a user equipment device to set its output power to a certain level via commands sent on the control plane. Similarly, a user equipment device may provide information to a base station which (indirectly) causes the base station to adjust its transmission and / or reception and may further cause the base station to configure the user equipment accordingly.

[0107] Thus, information exchanged or communicated between entities of a WCS or WCN may directly or indirectly result in the setting of operating parameters, configurations, etc. In some cases, information may also be exchanged between multiple wireless communication systems or networks in order to, for example, take steps to reduce interference experienced in one or more systems or networks, share allocations of available electromagnetic spectrum, or coordinate handoffs.

[0108] The types of information exchanged or transmitted may include various types, including but not limited to indications, commands, requests, messages, signals, reports, measurements, errors, warnings, estimates, parameters, etc. As explained in conjunction with the control system and the command system, it is obvious that there is a need to reduce the signal overhead associated with such information exchange or transfer, and in the present disclosure, the inventors propose a technical solution that utilizes context information associated with the indication and context information associated with the system.

[0109] Contextual information may be obtained by default (always available to everyone), on request (available on demand), or according to defined privilege levels (rights levels).

[0110] Embodiments described herein relate to pointing a pointed device with a pointing device. Embodiments described herein present aspects of such a command chain that address, on the one hand, context information and, on the other hand, address ambiguity created by transmitting or using instructions that, at least in some embodiments, may provide abstract instructions or target behaviors compared to specific settings implemented on the pointed device. Thus, embodiments also relate to resolving issues caused by ambiguity.

[0111] Figure 8 A schematic block diagram of a system 100 according to an embodiment is shown. System 100 includes devices 101 and 501. Device 101 can be referred to as an indicating device because it is suitable for directly or indirectly sending a command signal 12 to device 501, which is referred to as an indicated device. The indicating device 101 can form at least a part of the command chain 40 by indicating the indicated device 501 using the command signal 12. Device 101 includes an interface 141 for sending and optionally for receiving signals, in particular for sending command signals 12. Interface 141 can be a wired and / or wireless interface. For example, interface 141 may include one or more antennas, optionally suitable for providing MIMO functions, such as beamforming. However, the embodiments described herein are not limited to the field of wireless communications, because the benefits described in this embodiment can be obtained without limitation by using wired and / or optical communications.

[0112] The device 101 comprises a control unit 16 configured to provide an indication signal 18 comprising an indication associated with a target behavior of the indicated device 501. One understanding of the term indication is that it is a high-level descriptor of the desired system behavior of the indicated device, which may be an abstract statement, such as reducing or avoiding interference, reducing or avoiding interference for a specific terminal at a specific location, etc. Therefore, the indication may formulate a certain type of task, wherein the indication may but does not necessarily define specific steps to obtain or achieve the specified goal, that is, how to finally obtain the system behavior.

[0113] The device 101 is configured to access or use context information 221 indicating the context of the command chain 40. The device 101 generates a command 24 from the indication contained in the indication signal 18 based on the context information 221. The command 24 is associated with an operation of the indicated device.

[0114] The indicated device 501 can receive the command signal 12 or a forwarded version thereof. In order to receive this signal, the device 501 may include an interface 142, for example, a wired or wireless interface. Of course, it should be noted that the command signal 12 sent as a wireless signal can also be received as a wireless signal at the indicated device 501. However, in particular by using a relay or other forwarding node, a conversion can be obtained so as to provide a wired signal to the indicated device 501 based on the wireless signal sent by the indicating device 101, and vice versa. Alternatively or in addition, frequency bands, modulation schemes or the like can be applied without restriction. The device 501 can receive the command 24 by receiving a command signal carrying the command 24. The indicated device 501 is configured to access and / or use context information 222 indicating the context of the command chain 40. The device 501 generates a setting 52 of the device 501 from the command 24 based on the context information 221. The setting 52 is associated with the operation of the device 501. The device 501 is further configured to implement and / or execute the setting.

[0115] The context information 221 may be at least partially accessible to the pointing device 101 in an internal or external data storage. In a similar manner, the pointed device 501 may access the context information 222 at least partially at an internal or external data storage.

[0116] By implementing and / or executing the settings 52, the device 501 at least attempts to follow the instructions 18, even though they may be formulated in an abstract manner. This allows a high degree of interoperability, since the device 101 may not be aware of the requirements of the settings 52, for example, when using some kind of device driver or the like.

[0117] The context information 221 accessed by the pointing device 101 and the context information 222 accessed and / or used by the pointed device 501 may be the same or equal or may be different from each other. The context information 221 and 222 may be different from each other, for example, they may be related to different parameters of the context of the command chain 40. For example, this may be related to accessing only local information of at least one device 101 or 501, so that, for example, each device only knows its own position and / or only one or two devices know the position of the two devices or the target light of the beam. Alternatively or in addition, the context information 221 and 222 may contain the same parameters, but may be different, for example, in terms of resolution or accuracy based on the sensors used or the services provided. According to an embodiment, the context information 221 and 222 may come from the same data source, for example, obtained from a common central or decentralized data store. Alternatively, it can be obtained from different data sources, for example, from local or decentralized data stores.

[0118] Another way of different context information can be obtained by having different data sets or different context information 221 and 222, which are at least partially different from each other as shown by using different parameters. Alternatively, context information 221 and 222 can be consistent or identical. For example, consistency may mean that the information itself is different, for example, when a specific temperature is expressed in degrees Celsius or Kelvin or Fahrenheit, the meaning of these values ​​is the same. On this basis, different information can be interpreted in a similar, identical or equal manner. By way of non-limiting example, this may also occur when different resolutions or granularities of information may exceed the required accuracy. For example, when positioning is required within a meter range, a specific position with a millimeter granularity can still be regarded as the same or equal or equivalent when two different positions deviate from each other by several meters. According to an embodiment, system 100 may include a context information provider, such as a sensor, a reporting node, a measurement, recording and reporting device (MLRD), a watchdog, a regulator, etc., which is suitable for providing context information for the indicated device 501 and / or for the indicating device 101. This service provider can be arranged outside the command chain, that is, it does not constitute a part of the command chain.

[0119] According to an embodiment, as an alternative or replacement for accessing context information 221 to generate command 24 and send command signals, device 101 may be adapted to provide context information indicating the context of the command chain to interpret the commands belonging to the command chain, for example, as additional information to be accessed by indicated device 501, etc. That is, device 101 may also form a context information provider inside or outside command chain 40.

[0120] According to an embodiment, context information 221 and context information 222 may differ from each other in terms of at least one considered parameter and / or in terms of the value of the same parameter. For example, a relative direction associated with the position of an object in space may be different at different viewing angles, but have the same or corresponding meaning.

[0121] According to an embodiment, context information 221 may be limited to a first information domain. For example, this may involve de-location, authorization access information, sensor location, etc. Context information 222 may be limited to a second information domain, and the first information domain and the second information domain may partially overlap or partially exclude or also not intersect. This does not exclude overlapping or identical context information 221 and 222.

[0122] According to an embodiment, the first information domain may be associated with a domain of the pointing device 101, a domain of its control unit and / or a domain of a command unit of the pointing device. Alternatively or additionally, the second information domain may be associated with a domain of the pointed device 501, a domain of a command parsing unit of the pointed device and / or a domain of a system or process of the pointed device 501.

[0123] With regard to the possibility of obtaining high interoperability, the pointing device 101 may be a third party controller (3PC) configured to control the pointed device 501 .

[0124] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the amount of information I is shown, such as the number of bits, bytes, symbols, etc., to illustrate the advantages and / or effects of using context information together with the indication 18. For example, the indication 18 may include a first amount of information I1. By using context information 221, the amount of information required for command 241 can be reduced compared to the amount of information I1. For example, by knowing that the indicated device 501 will interpret the missing parameter with a predefined value, and that the predefined value will lead to a sufficient or satisfactory result, the availability of such context information can avoid transmitting the parameter or only transmit information of the necessary granularity related thereto by expecting the indicated device to replace the missing part with the correct value. Compared with transmitting the indication, this may allow for a signal with less overhead and less traffic caused by the transmission. On the other hand, as shown in command 242, the amount of information may also increase, which seems to contradict the goal of avoiding overhead. However, the context information 221 may indicate that the indication may, perhaps, or even certainly is insufficient and will result in a retransmission or other failure, and therefore, by adding additional information, such a retransmission may be avoided.

[0125] Fig.10 A schematic block diagram of a system 200 according to an embodiment is shown. The system 200 includes a command chain 40 having an indicating device 102 and an indicated device 502 that can correspond to the indicating device 101 and the indicated device 501, respectively. As a non-limiting example, the indicating device 102 can be referred to as a first base station and can implement at least a part of a base station gNB. The indicated device 502 can be referred to as a second device and can form a UE, an IoT device or an indicated base station or a different entity, such as a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS).

[0126] The indicating device 102 including the base station and the indicated device 501 as one of the above-described embodiments constitute an example implementation that does not limit the scope of the embodiments. Each of the indicated device and the indicating device can be implemented as a discrete device or entity of the network, but can also be implemented as a distributed entity. These entities can be referred to as a network or part thereof. The indicating device 102 and the indicated device 501 can form a pair of devices or entities, and the two entities can be or at least include the following pair:

[0127] BS-UE

[0128] UE-UE

[0129] BS-BS

[0130] BS - any other network entity

[0131] UE - any other network entity

[0132] UE-RIS

[0133] UE-Repeater

[0134] · Network-IoT devices such as cars, UAVs, robots, AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles)

[0135] Third-party controllers - network components

[0136] Third-party controllers – network entities

[0137] UE - Access Point (AP) (e.g. WiFi AP)

[0138] Radio Access Technology Control, RAT Control, (e.g., the behavior of a member control entity of a WCS or another WCS.

[0139] The transmission of information such as instructions, commands and / or feedback need not rely on direct signaling between two devices, but may use one or more intermediate components such as relays, RIS, satellites, or a combination thereof. This may result in a command chain having three or more devices or entities, including, for example:

[0140] BS-Relay-UE

[0141] BS-RIS-UE

[0142] UE-RIS-UE

[0143] UE-Satellite-UE

[0144] Ground station-satellite-UE

[0145] Entities may use unilateral and / or bilateral communications in one direction or the other.

[0146] The indicating device 102 may include a command unit 26 configured to access and / or use context information 221 and generate commands based on instructions 18 received from the control unit 16 constituting the system controller. Optionally, the control unit 16 or a different entity of the device 102 may provide context information pool 221 to the user. p Providing context information 223. Although pool 22 p Shown as arriving between devices 102 and 502 , each device 102 and 502 may have its own source and / or access to the same or different types of contextual information 22 .

[0147] The command unit 26 may be implemented, for example, as a discrete or separate entity of the pointing device 102, but may also form a functional block, for example within the control unit 16, such as in a common processor unit, a processor array, a computing unit or the like.

[0148] The indicated device 502 may include a command parsing unit 54, which may form a dedicated or common part with a system, process or processor 56 of the indicated device 502. The command parsing unit 54 is adapted to access / use the context information 222 to derive or generate the settings 52 of the device 502.

[0149] As described with respect to the pointing device 102, the pointed device 502 may also provide context information 224, for example, using the command parsing unit 54 and / or the system 56, for example, to refine, enrich, or update the context information pool 22 p Context information in .

[0150] For example, the indicated device 102 may be adapted to provide context information 223 associated with the command chain 40 and / or a different command chain to which the device 102 does not belong. However, interference levels, temperatures, locations, or other parameters may be relevant to different command chains, such that the device 102 and / or the device 502 may provide context information 223 and / or 224 not only for its own command chain 40, but also for other command chains. Such provision of context information 223 and / or 224 associated with different command chains may be provided upon request, based on a triggering event, at fixed intervals, etc. The triggering event may be internal or external, for example, the device 102, 502, respectively, may recognize such an event to provide information.

[0151] The context information 221 - 224 may include general information that is general to the indication type, the type of at least one component of the device, the type of at least some component of the indicated device, and a description of a process at the indicated device 502 .

[0152] For example, if combined Fig. 9 As shown, one of the possible purposes of using context information is to replace information expected to be known at the indicated device. The indicating device 102, for example, the command unit or commander 26, can be configured to derive expected known information expected to be known at the indicated device 501 / 502 from the context information 221, and delete or replace the expected known information from the command 24.

[0153] Not only by replacing portions of the information, but also by enabling system 100 and / or system 200 to provide high level indications, ambiguity may be created between different instances in the system.

[0154] For a more detailed explanation of this issue, see Fig.11a, showing Fig.10 A schematic block diagram of a system 200 is presented in FIG.

[0155] The system 200 is shown as a chain starting from the control unit 16 providing the indication 18 to the command unit 26 (optionally including a fuzzy processor) to obtain the command signal 12 carrying the command 24 to be received by the command parsing unit 54 to generate the setting 52 of the system / process 56. The purpose of the control unit 16 is to cause the target behavior of the system or process 56 through the indication. In this way, the intended control of the system / process 56 is achieved and the achieved behavior of the system / process 56 can be measured, reported or otherwise identified, forming a kind of feedback 44 in the command chain 40, which notifies the control unit 16 of the results of the indication 18. The intended control 42 can be considered to form an outer loop or conversion cycle together with the feedback 44.

[0156] Alternatively, or in addition, there is an inner loop between the command unit 26 and the command parsing unit 54, which may be arranged or present a so-called transaction loop. Fig.10 , both the command unit 26 and the command parsing unit 54 access / use context information and therefore, on the one hand, try to interpret the instructions according to the context of the command chain and, on the other hand, try to form the settings 52 according to the context.

[0157] The transformation loop 46 is associated with a goal, ie, indicates what is to be achieved, whereas the transaction loop 48 may be associated with a specific operation, ie, what is to be done.

[0158] Each of the items mentioned, i.e., the control unit 16, the command unit 26, the command parsing unit 54 and / or the system / process 56, and their inputs or outputs, e.g., the indication 18, the command 24 in the command signal 12, and / or the setting 52, may form a source of ambiguity. In one example, an indication that the pointing device 502, a portion thereof, a beam thereof, etc., is moving "to the left" may be ambiguous as to which direction to the left, e.g., from the direction of the pointing device 102 or from the direction of the pointing device 502. Therefore, ambiguity and its handling form part of the advantageous embodiments described herein.

[0159] According to an embodiment, the control unit 16 may be configured to evaluate whether the behavior of the indicated device, in particular the behavior of the system / process 56, corresponds to the target behavior. For the evaluation, the control unit 16 may use, for example, measurement reports that directly or indirectly report measurements related to the behavior, update context information updated based on the behavior, and at least one of feedback received from the indicated device. In view of the direct or indirect measurement of the behavior, the requested change of the generated beam formed by the indicated device can be indirectly measured, for example, when identifying additional multipath components available to the indicating device or different entities. When directly monitoring the behavior of the system, for example, when instructing the indicated device to increase the transmission power, etc., direct measurement can be used. The update context information updated based on the behavior may, for example, be related to the update position, relative position, direction of the indicated device, provided as additional context information 224 and accessible to different entities of the control unit 16 and / or the indicating device 103.

[0160] The control unit 16 can be configured to compare the behavior of the indicated device with the target behavior within the evaluation, and determine the deviation between the behavior of the indicated device and the target behavior. Based on this, the control unit 16 can provide an updated indication about the target behavior or update the target behavior based on the deviation. For example, if there is still a remaining movement of, for example, a device or a beam, the target behavior can be updated to indicate the remaining movement. For example, in conjunction with the updated target behavior, the control unit can also consider that the instruction is executed incorrectly, for example, based on erroneous context information 221 and / or 222. In one example, the device instructed to achieve movement may move but in the wrong direction. Instead of further aiming the movement in a specific direction that is erroneously achieved, the target behavior can be adapted to intentionally provide error-prone instructions / commands to eliminate errors contained in context information 221 and / or 222. As a non-limiting example, if the instruction 18 tells the indicated device 18 to move to the left, if a movement to the right is detected, the updated instruction can indicate a movement to the right, while expecting (intentionally) a movement to the left.

[0161] That is, the command signal 12 may be considered as a first command signal. The indicating device may be configured to use additional context information provided by the indicating device itself, or provided by a different device providing a different second command signal for the same indication, for example, by identifying that the command signal 12 contains erroneous or ambiguous content. The same indication may be converted into different command signals having different amounts of information. Based on the additional context information, the indicating device may be configured to reduce the amount of information contained in the next command signal when compared to the first command signal.

[0162] According to an embodiment, the control unit 16 may be configured to associate the deviation with context information available to the indicating device and / or the indicated device, and to update the context information and / or take the deviation into account in the updated indication. That is, the control unit 16 may be aware of or aware of the misinterpretation at the indicated device, or may regard the performance of the tampering as an indication of objective tampering corrected by the misinterpreted or incorrect context information.

[0163] Fig.11b Shown for explanation Fig.11a The ambiguity 80 in the command chain 40 of FIG. 4 originates at least in part from the pointing device, thereby resulting in a schematic tree of pointing device-related ambiguity 82. Alternatively or additionally, the ambiguity may originate at least in part from context information, thereby resulting in context-related ambiguity 84. Alternatively or additionally, at least a portion of the ambiguity may originate from the pointed device, so as to provide pointed device-related ambiguity 86.

[0164] While context-dependent ambiguity 84 may be caused, at least in part, by conflicting information from different devices, information of different resolution, accuracy or authenticity, and / or age, the combination of Fig.11c , Fig.11d The pointing device-dependent ambiguity 82 and the pointed device-dependent ambiguity 86 are described in more detail.

[0165] like Fig.11c As shown, examples of indication device-related ambiguities are: controller-related ambiguity 821, indication-related ambiguity 822, command unit-related ambiguity 823, and / or command-related ambiguity 824. One or more of these ambiguities may be present at a certain time, wherein the number and presence itself may vary over time.

[0166] Fig.11d A schematic tree diagram is shown for illustrating that at least a portion of the indicated device-related ambiguity 86 may be formed by a command-related ambiguity 861, which may be the same as or similar to but also different from the command-related ambiguity 824. Alternatively or in addition, a command parsing unit-related ambiguity 862, a setting-related ambiguity 863, and / or a system-related ambiguity 864 may form at least a portion of the indicated device-related ambiguity.

[0167] Fig.12 A schematic block diagram of a system 200' is shown, which comprises at least some components of the system 200. In contrast to the pointing device 102, the pointing device 103 comprises a blur processor 28 adapted to identify and / or handle blur.

[0168] When compared to the indicated device 502, the indicated device 503 may include a fuzzy processor 58 connected to the command parsing unit 54. In an optional implementation, the fuzzy processor 28 connected to the command unit 26 and / or the fuzzy processor 58 connected to the command parsing unit 54 may respectively constitute a part of the corresponding component, that is, the command unit 26 (for example, see Fig.11a ), command parsing unit 54. Obfuscation processor 58 may transmit obfuscated result 62 to system / process 56 as described for obfuscated result 32, for example, requesting additional context information.

[0169] The fuzzy processor 28 may be configured to evaluate the ambiguity of the indication 18 with respect to the context information 221 to obtain a fuzzy result 32. The fuzzy result 32 may be provided to the control unit 16, wherein the control unit 16 may reduce the ambiguity based on the fuzzy result 32. Thus, the fuzzy result 32 may be a kind of internal feedback, i.e. whether the command that the command unit 26 may generate, on the one hand in view of the indication 18 and on the other hand in view of the context information 221, is ambiguous, unambiguous, or ambiguous within a certain tolerance range. As will be described in more detail later, according to an embodiment, the fuzzy processor 28 may receive fuzzy information provided by the indicated device 502 to obtain the fuzzy result 32. Thus, not only internal feedback is provided, but also feedback is provided, for example, in the transaction cycle 48 or the conversion cycle 44.

[0170] In response to an indication having an indication that the indication 18 is ambiguous relative to the context information 221, the control unit 16 may provide a new indication signal including a new indication 18 associated with the target behavior. The new indication may include supplementary information and / or supplementary indications compared to the previous indication to reduce the ambiguity. For example, in an example where the target behavior is associated with moving to the left, such supplementary information may indicate whether left refers to the indicating device 102, the indicated device 503, or a specific position and / or direction. Alternatively or in addition, the control unit 16 may be configured to provide supplementary context information 223 about the device 103 to reduce the ambiguity at the indicated device 503. That is, the additional context information 223 may form at least a portion of the context information 222 at a later time instance, or be used for further interpretation of the command in the command signal 12.

[0171] Alternatively or additionally, in response to the ambiguity result 32, the control unit 16 may be configured to control the device 103 to send a request to the indicated device 503 to provide supplementary context information 224 about the indicated device 503. That is, confirming that the indication 18 is ambiguous, the indicated device 103 may request additional context information from the indicated device 503. Alternatively or additionally, such a request may also be transmitted to a device outside the command chain, for example, to an external observer, sensor or other network node.

[0172] System 200' or other systems described herein may include a centralized or distributed memory on which context information is stored. As shown by the provision of context information 222 and / or 224, the pointing device or the pointed device according to an embodiment may be configured to be used in pool 22 p In addition, devices outside the system or command chain may also provide, receive and / or update context information.

[0173] In the face of an ambiguous indication 18, the control unit 16 may be configured to provide a new indication signal, thereby including a change in the indicated parameter and / or at least one additional parameter compared to the indication. This may allow a more precise indication to be achieved, which allows further information to be included in the command based on the command signal thereon, and the indication device 103, for example, the command unit 26, may generate a new command signal containing a new command based on the new indication and based on the context information 221 or an updated version thereof. When compared to the previous command signal, the new command signal may include at least one of the following: information with increased granularity, for example, allowing a specific value to be determined more accurately; additional data fields containing additional parameters; and additional marginal constraints on the target behavior. For example, an indication to avoid interference may be associated with a marginal constraint indicating a minimum transmit power to avoid communication loss. On the other hand, an indication 18 indicating communication at a maximum allowed power may indicate as a marginal constraint which is the maximum allowed power.

[0174] From another perspective, the command unit 26 of the pointing device 103 may be configured to use additional context information, such as an updated version of the context information 221 (e.g., by providing context information 223 and / or 224 or different entities or by accessing an increased pool 221). p The control unit 16 may be configured to provide the new command signal 12 with additional context information provided by the device 103 or a different device to provide the new command signal 12. Based on the additional context information, the control unit 16 may be configured to reduce the amount of information contained in the new command signal compared to the indication signal 18. That is, the additional context information may allow the amount of information in the indication or command to be reduced.

[0175] According to an embodiment, the device 103, for example, its command unit 26 may be configured to access the context information 221 and generate a command for the command signal 12. The ambiguity processor 28 may be configured to provide an ambiguity result 32 to indicate an ambiguity in at least one of the input of the command unit 26 (e.g., the indication 18 and / or the context information 221) and the output of the command unit 26 (e.g., the command signal 12). The ambiguity in the input of the command unit 26 may be related to an ambiguity associated with the control unit 16, for example, the indication 18 itself or in view of the context information 221 and / or associated with the indication itself. For example, the indication itself may be ambiguous, for example, when the indication performs power control, which frequency band the indication is related to, or which marginal constraint is applicable, etc. may be ambiguous. In addition, the context information 221 may make the indication 18 ambiguous, for example, due to different local coordinate systems or geographical locations, etc. Alternatively or additionally, in addition to the ambiguity associated with the input of the command, the ambiguity in the output of the command unit 26 may be related to an ambiguity associated with the indication 18 and / or associated with the command 24.

[0176] According to an embodiment, the fuzzification processor 28 may be configured to provide a fuzzification result 32, for example, a fuzzification associated with a fuzzification of a system controller / input reference, to indicate at least one of the following:

[0177] Ambiguities associated with control elements, e.g. whether words like left / right are clear

[0178] Ambiguity associated with command units

[0179] Fuzziness related to outputs associated with command units based on contextual information and instructions

[0180] Ambiguities associated with the command parsing unit of the device being pointed to

[0181] Ambiguity associated with the system or process of the device being pointed to

[0182] · Indicator to indicate whether it is understood based on contextual information

[0183] ·Indicates the probability of being understood based on contextual information

[0184] · Indicator whether the CI command is → understood / clear

[0185] · A context refinement request indicating a request to provide additional context information about the command chain, for example about the instructing device and / or the instructed device and / or other influencing parameters.

[0186] According to an embodiment, the pointing device 101, 102 or 103 may be implemented such that its control unit and command unit are functionally arranged completely within the device 101, 102, 103, respectively, or at most partially as a network entity of a network comprising the pointing device.

[0187] Instructions, commands and settings

[0188] Reference Fig.10 Shown is the flow of forward information (instructions, commands, and settings) from left to right, and the following definitions can be noted:

[0189] • Indications are high-level descriptors of desired system behavior and are sent from the system controller to the commander. The system controller and commander may be functionally contained solely in the first device or as a combination of a network entity and the first device.

[0190] Examples of instructions include, but are not limited to, the following:

[0191] a. Increase data rate (for a given user / user group)

[0192] b. Reduce interference (enter a given cell / direction / frequency band)

[0193] c. Deactivate (specified area / user)

[0194] d. Broadcast warnings or alarms

[0195] e. Perform end-to-end measurements (using specified resources)

[0196] f. Reduce network energy consumption (under given constraints)

[0197] • Commands are sent from the commander of the first device to the command parser of the second device. Commands can be relative and / or absolute strings describing operating parameters or units.

[0198] Examples of commands include but are not limited to the following:

[0199] g. Request / acquire capabilities

[0200] h. Reduce / increase power

[0201] i. Power reduction / increase by X dB

[0202] j. Set the power to minimum / maximum

[0203] k. Set the power step size to X dB

[0204] l. Set the carrier to channel X

[0205] m. Set the carrier frequency to X Hz

[0206] n.Add modulation and coding scheme (MCS) class

[0207] o. Move the beam left / right / up / down

[0208] p. Move the second beam left / right / up / down

[0209] q. Move the first beam to the left / right / up / down by X degrees

[0210] • Settings are sent from the command parser within the second device to the system or process to be controlled. Settings can consist of a configuration of a single value or a sequence of values. Settings are expected to be implementation specific.

[0211] Examples of settings include:

[0212] r. A five-bit parameter setting is used to control a phase shifter that forms part of an electronically steered antenna array, with the bit pattern being sent over a four-wire Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus.

[0213] s. Uses a 4-bit parameter setting to control a variable gain power amplifier (VGA) that forms part of an electronically steered antenna array, where the bit pattern is transmitted via a three-wire inter-integrated circuit (I 2 C) (alternatively referred to as I2C or IIC) bus transmission.

[0214] t. Control of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) forming part of the receiver, where the control voltage range is 0.0-1.0V and is provided by a 16-bit digital-to-analog (ADC) converter. The settings of the VCO are sent over the three-wire I3C bus. [Note: I3C provides some backward compatibility with I2C.]

[0215] Commander and command parser

[0216] in other words, Fig.12 A system consisting of two devices, each device containing multiple functional blocks, wherein the first device includes a commander and the second device includes a command parser, and illustrates a contextual command system. From left to right, instructions are converted to commands and commands are converted to settings. Each conversion may use context information provided by the first and second devices. Other information flow paths are also shown. When used in combination, the commander / command unit 26 and the command parser unit 54 enable high-level instructions issued by the system controller to be converted into low-level (system) settings required to achieve the desired system behavior. Thus, the commander prepares commands to be sent to the command parser. For example, an instruction is a high-level descriptor of system behavior (including specific parts of the system, including the device being instructed, and the behavior expected by the instructing device)

[0217] For example, the indication may be associated with at least one of:

[0218] An increase in the data rate provided by the indicated device via the data signal;

[0219] Reduce the interference caused by the indicated equipment;

[0220] Activate or deactivate at least some functions or services of the indicated device;

[0221] Broadcasts provided by the directed device, such as warnings or alarms;

[0222] Perform end-to-end measurements or tests;

[0223] Adaptation of the antenna radiation pattern or part thereof;

[0224] Adaptation of antenna gain;

[0225] Adaptation of radio parameters; and

[0226] Reduce network energy consumption, e.g. within given constraints.

[0227] These indications are provided on the one hand as examples and on the other hand to illustrate their advanced properties, which also apply to other indications not shown.

[0228] The commands derived from the indication may include at least one of the following:

[0229] Request or report the capabilities of the indicated device

[0230] Reduce or increase the power of the indicated equipment;

[0231] Reduce or increase the power of the instructed device by the value specified in the command;

[0232] Set the power of the indicated device to the minimum or maximum value;

[0233] Set the power step size to be executed by the instructed device to the value specified in the command;

[0234] Set the carrier used by the instructed device to the channel specified in the command;

[0235] Set the carrier frequency used by the instructed device to the frequency specified in the command;

[0236] Increase or decrease the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) class used by the indicated device;

[0237] · moving the first beam generated by the indicated device in the direction;

[0238] · moving the first beam generated by the pointing device along a first direction, and moving the second beam generated by the pointing device along a second direction; or moving the first beam and the second beam along a common direction;

[0239] Move the beam generated by the instructed device in the direction by the amount specified in the command.

[0240] Context Sharing

[0241] To create efficient commands (eg, those that result in reduced signaling overhead and / or latency), the commander and command parser may be provided with context information from the first device and / or the second device.

[0242] Context provided: (from the first device or from the second device) or (from the first device and the second device)

[0243] It is important to note that the commander and / or command parser can use context provided by the system controller and / or the system (process). In other words, at least one device must use context information provided by itself and / or from another device. Providing context information in this way enables the commander and command parser to implement commands with reduced overhead and reduced latency.

[0244] Vague

[0245] Both the commander and the command parser may be equipped with methods for evaluating and reporting their respective understanding of the instructions or commands.

[0246] In the first device, the system controller issues an instruction to the commander. Based on the given context and the expected context, the commander can evaluate its interpretation of the input information, or in other words, the output of the commander can be quantified by determining its ambiguity. For example, a fuzzy instruction can be provided, given as follows:

[0247] a. Indication of acknowledgement (IACK) or indication of non-acknowledgement (INACK). Here, Boolean or binary values ​​are assigned to the fuzzy outputs or indicators, such as a Boolean value of "true" indicating that the indication is acknowledged (fully understood) and a Boolean value of "false" indicating that the indication is not acknowledged (fully not understood).

[0248] b. A measure of the degree of ambiguity (e.g. 0%, 10%, 50%, 100%, X%). The degree of ambiguity is defined, e.g. 0% means the instruction is not understood at all, 50% means the instruction is equally likely to be understood correctly or incorrectly, and 100% means the instruction is fully understood - without excluding intermediate values.

[0249] c. Context Refinement Request This is generated by the commander to obtain further or additional context information from at least one system controller and the controlled system or process.

[0250] In the second device, a command parser receives a command from the commander. Based on the given context and the expected context, the command parser can evaluate its interpretation of the given input information, or, in other words, the output of the command parser can be quantified by determining its ambiguity. For example, an ambiguity indication can be provided, given as follows:

[0251] d. Command Acknowledged (CACK) or Command Not Acknowledged (CNACK). Here, a Boolean or binary value is assigned to the fuzzy output or indicator, such as a Boolean value of "true" indicating that the command is acknowledged (fully understood), and a Boolean value of "false" indicating that the command is not acknowledged (fully not understood).

[0252] e. A measure of the degree of ambiguity (e.g. 0%, 10%, 50%, 100%, X%). The degree of ambiguity is defined, e.g. 0% means the command is not understood at all, 50% means the command is equally likely to be understood correctly or incorrectly, and 100% means the command is fully understood - without excluding intermediate values.

[0253] f. Context Refinement Request This is generated by the commander parser to obtain further or additional context information from at least one system controller and the controlled system or process.

[0254] The fuzzy instructions provided by the commander and command parser can be configured to be always active, active on demand, or provided based on certain thresholds, schedules, triggers, etc.

[0255] In the linguistic example, the interrogator would tailor the content of her questioning based on the interrogee's responses. In a question-and-answer session, the breadth or scope of the questions would be modified based on the answers given and the level of ambiguity assessed by the questioner.

[0256] In another linguistic example, a father might ask his teenage daughter, “How was your day at school?” The daughter, clearly not wanting to talk, responds with a single word, “Fine.” The father, typically hoping for a more complete answer—at least a three-word sentence—asks for the next question and the one that follows, trying to determine what is upsetting his daughter. In effect, the father draws on his knowledge and experience as well as the limited contextual information his daughter provides.

[0257] Fig.13 1 shows a schematic block diagram of the pointing device 104 according to an embodiment. Fig.12 When compared, its pointing device 103 may be equipped with additional fuzzy input or fuzzy interface 341 and / or context interface 361 to exchange context information with other entities, such as the pointed device and / or other parts of the system. For example, the fuzzy processing 28 can receive the command 24 or the version and / or context information 221 derived therefrom.

[0258] The device 104 may include a context interface 361 for context transmission, i.e., transmission of context information. Such transmission may directly or indirectly transmit the context information to the indicated device. Alternatively or in addition, the indicating device 104 includes an obfuscated interface 341 for receiving obfuscated information from the indicated device, for example, as an obfuscated input.

[0259] Fig.14 A schematic block diagram of an indicated device 504 according to an embodiment is shown, which, when compared with the indicated device 503, has a fuzzy output 342 to provide fuzzy information 64, for example, to the indicating device 104. However, the direction of transmitting the fuzzy information between the indicating device 104 and the indicated device 504 may be unidirectional from the device 504 to the device 104, but may also be unidirectional from the device 104 to the device 504, or may be bidirectional.

[0260] The command parsing unit 54 and the ambiguity processor 58 may exchange information using command / setting related information 72, such as received commands, derived settings and / or determined ambiguities.

[0261] According to an embodiment, the indicated device comprises an ambiguity interface 342 for sending an ambiguity signal based on the ambiguity information 64 to provide information about the determined ambiguity.

[0262] For example, the indicated device may be configured to provide an ambiguous signal as feedback, the feedback indicating at least one of: information identifying the device or intended receiver of the ambiguous signal; the type of feedback provided; validity information of the feedback, e.g., to whom the feedback is directed, how long it is valid, which part of the network is the subject of the feedback, priority, such as indicating whether the feedback is important or should be considered as auxiliary information, etc. The type of feedback may indicate, for example, ambiguity feedback, e.g., indicating ambiguity of an indication, context information, command, setting, or ambiguity of system behavior. Alternatively or in addition, the type of feedback may indicate positive or negative confirmation feedback (ACK / NACK), e.g., confirming successful or failed execution of a command, context request feedback requesting additional context information, system behavior feedback indicating observed or expected or unexpected system behavior in response to a setting and / or command, and / or a refinement request indicating a request to refine information to reduce ambiguity.

[0263] For example, in a case where the feedback type indicates a refinement request indicating a request to refine information to reduce ambiguity, the refinement request may relate to at least one of: a refinement request allowing the indicating device to decide whether to provide at least one of additional context information, a refinement command, and a refinement indication, a context refinement request indicating a request to provide additional context information, and a command refinement request indicating a request to provide a refined indication and / or a refined command.

[0264] According to an embodiment, the blur processor 58 may be configured to provide a blur result indicating at least one of the following:

[0265] Ambiguities associated with the control unit of the pointing device, for example, whether the meaning of left / right in the indication is clear

[0266] · ambiguity associated with a pointing device such as its command unit,

[0267] Output-related ambiguity associated with the pointing device, e.g., its command unit, provides commands based on contextual information and instructions associated therewith

[0268] Obfuscation associated with the device’s command parsing unit

[0269] Ambiguity associated with a system or process

[0270] An indicator of whether the command is understood based on contextual information [Note to inventors: 5.2.5d. of the invention disclosure; may be considered unclear in this broad statement]

[0271] ·Probability of whether the command is understood given the context information [Note to inventors: 5.2.5e. of the invention disclosure; may be considered unclear in this broad formulation ·Context refinement request, indicating a request to provide additional context information about the command chain [about the indicating device and / or the indicated device].

[0272] The fuzziness processor 58 may be configured to determine the probability as a normalized probability, i.e., whether the command is understood according to the context information as a normalized probability, wherein the sum of all determined probabilities is a value corresponding to 100%. Alternatively or in addition, the fuzziness processor may determine the probability as a non-normalized probability, wherein the sum of all determined probabilities is equal to a value corresponding to a value different from 100%.

[0273] Implementing device functions

[0274] Fig.12 The joint operation of the system shown is now split in half, allowing the first device and the second device to be discussed separately.

[0275] Function of the first device

[0276] Fig.13 The functional blocks of the first device and its interface to the second device are shown - note the additional fuzzy input, which allows the fuzzy processor to evaluate the fuzzy inputs provided by the commander and command parser (such as Fig.14). The fuzzy processor provides input to the commander, which may be used to control the provision of commands to the commander parser. It also provides input to the system controller, which may cause it to request further context information from the first device (indication context) and / or the second device (system context). This is achieved through the context transfer interface.

[0277] Second device functionality

[0278] Fig.14 The functional blocks of the second device and its interface to the first device are shown - note the additional fuzzy input, which allows the fuzzy processor to evaluate the fuzzy (eg Fig.13 The Fuzzy Processor provides input to the Command Parser, which may be used to control the provision of commands to the Command Parser. It also provides input to the system (process), which may cause it to request further context information from the second device (system context) and / or the first device (indication context). This is achieved through the context transfer interface.

[0279] The indicated devices described herein, for example, indicated devices 501, 502, 503, and / or 504, may be adapted to operate in command chain 40. However, such devices may be adapted to provide context information 224 associated with command chain 40 and / or to provide context information associated with a different command chain that the device does not belong to or form a part of.

[0280] According to an embodiment, the indicated device described herein is adapted to provide context information 224 for association with the second command chain, for example, upon request or based on a triggering event related to the indicating device. In a similar manner, the provided context information may be general to the type of indication, the type of at least one component of the indicated device, the type of at least one component of the indicating device, and the description of the process.

[0281] According to an embodiment, at least one setting 52 provided at the indicated device is related to the control of a subsystem of the device (represented as system / process 56). The indicated device, for example, its command parsing unit 54, can be configured to determine multiple settings for the same or different subsystems of the indicated device. The multiple settings can describe simultaneous or sequential control of the same or different subsystems as a solution to follow the received command, i.e., to achieve the target behavior. That is, in response to the command received with the command signal 12, one or more specific actions can be used to control one or more parts of the indicated device respectively.

[0282] According to any embodiment, for example, when the received command has missing information, the indicated device, for example, the command parsing unit 54 may be configured to derive the missing information related to the valid settings of the indicated device from the command contained in the command signal 12. The indicated device may derive the missing information from the context information to obtain at least one valid setting 52.

[0283] To describe advantageous embodiments, reference is made to Fig.15 . Fig.15 A schematic diagram of a portion 52a of a valid setting is shown, which can be derived from a command, for example, contained in a command signal 12. The valid setting 52 is missing a portion 52b, which may be considered as a missing portion, missing information, etc. The indicated device can derive the missing portion 52b, for example, based on the context information 222. However, such a solution may be clear, but it may also be ambiguous, i.e., facing ambiguity. This may lead to the possibility of having two or more valid settings 521, 522, in which the missing portion 52b is replaced in different ways by replacement portions 661, 662, respectively. Settings 521 and 522 can therefore be considered as interpretations of commands. As described in conjunction with the fuzzy processor 58, the setting can also be associated with the probability of whether the command is understood based on the context information. This may be related to whether the command is understood or whether the command is understood correctly.

[0284] The indicated device may select one of the settings 521 and 522 or other settings that may be executed, may send a request to the indicating device, or may execute other solutions to reduce or resolve the ambiguity, for example, executing a combination of instructions 521 and 522, executing each or at least the most likely instructions, etc. That is, by replacing the missing part 52b, a clear solution can be obtained but is not required.

[0285] For example, assuming a situation where the context information provides an ambiguous determination of a setting based on the missing information 52 b, i.e., multiple possible interpretations or possible solutions, the indicating device may be configured to provide multiple valid settings 521, 522, ... based on the command, for example, by using the command parser unit 54. These multiple settings may be generated, for example, one setting per possible interpretation, a fixed number thereof, such as the most likely solution, or all settings associated with a probability exceeding a threshold, etc. According to an embodiment, the fuzzy processor 58 may be configured to provide the ambiguous information 64 / 32 in the case where the context information 222 provides an ambiguous determination of a setting based on the missing information 52 b.

[0286] According to an embodiment, the fuzzy processor 58 may be configured to evaluate the ambiguity of the command with respect to the context information 222 to obtain the fuzzy information 64 / 32. The fuzzy processor 58 may be configured to provide the fuzzy information 32 and / or 64 to the indicating device and / or to an entity such as the system / process 56 to cause the entity to provide supplemental context information 223 and / or 224. This may also be obtained by requesting an entity that is not part of the chain of command to provide supplemental context information.

[0287] According to an embodiment, the indicated device may include a command parsing unit 54 configured to access / use the context information 222 and generate settings 52 for the indicated device. The fuzzy processor 58 is configured to provide a fuzzy result 32 / 64 to indicate ambiguity in at least one of an input to the command parsing unit 54 (e.g., in the command of the command signal 12) and an output of the command parsing unit 54 (e.g., in the settings 52).

[0288] According to an embodiment, ambiguity in the input of the command parsing unit 54 may be related to ambiguity associated with the command.Alternatively or additionally, ambiguity in the output of the command parsing unit 54 may be related to ambiguity associated with the setting and / or associated with the indicated device.

[0289] Embodiments provide indicated devices 501, 502, 503 and / or 504 that include context interfaces, such as interface 362 adapted to transmit context information directly or indirectly to the indicating device, and / or ambiguity interface 342 for transmitting ambiguity information to the indicating device, for example, based on ambiguity output from a command parser. Interfaces 362 and 342 may use a common interface with interface 142, or may be implemented separately. They may use the same or different radio access technologies (RATs), for example Optical interfaces, such as IrDA and / or Xn interfaces.

[0290] The obfuscation interface 342 may be connected to the command parsing unit 54 configured to access / use the context information 222 to generate the settings 52. The obfuscation interface 342 may be configured to provide the obfuscation information 64 to the pointing device, eg, a command unit thereof.

[0291] According to an embodiment, the indicated device may be configured to provide confirmation information indicating confirmation of the command to the indicating devices 101, 102, 103, 104. Such confirmation may indicate whether the command is understood, may be understood, may not be understood, not understood or wrong, etc.

[0292] According to an embodiment, the indicated device described herein may include a control unit configured to implement and / or execute a setting or setting sequence (e.g., at least a portion 56 of a system / process). Such a control unit may be configured to lock at least one function of the device or a system response of the command chain 40 based on a command. Alternatively or in addition, the same or different functions or a group of functions may be unlocked based on a command. According to an indicated device according to an embodiment described herein, the indicated device may be configured to provide a report reporting locking and / or unlocking to the indicating device. As described for the indicating device, for the indicated device, the context information 222 may be at least partially accessible at an internal or external data storage.

[0293] Fig.16 A schematic flow chart of a method 1000 according to an embodiment is shown, which can be used to operate a system having a command chain including at least one indicating device and an indicated device. Step 1010 includes determining a target behavior of the indicated device and generating an indication indicating the target behavior, for example, indication 18. Step 1020 includes using an indication of context information indicating a context of the command chain at the indicating device and generating a command for the indicated device based on the context information, the command being an incomplete command lacking information relative to the complete command. That is, by using the context information, information that is expected to be known at the indicated device is at least partially removed from the command.

[0294] Step 1030 includes sending the command to the indicated device. Step 1040 includes deriving, at the indicated device, settings for the indicated device, such as setting 52, from the command by using context information 222 to derive missing information such as information 22b in the incomplete command. Step 1050 includes applying the settings on the indicated device.

[0295] The method 1000 may be adapted such that an incomplete command is associated with a command containing a complete set of parameters, wherein the incomplete command is missing at least a portion of the parameters as missing information.

[0296] Embodiments described herein relate to receiving and / or generating context information. Some embodiments described herein relate to storing and / or reading such context information from a centralized or distributed data store. As an alternative or in combination with such a storage, embodiments provide the possibility of accessing a digital twin DT. Fig.17 As shown, for example, Fig.17 A block diagram of a device 90 that can serve as an indicating device and / or as an indicated device in connection with the systems described herein is shown, which device 90 can access a digital twin 95 that can be operated or provided on an external device for accessing the DT 95, using an interface. Alternatively or in addition, the DT 95 can be hosted, provided, or operated at least in part as part of the functionality of the device 90.

[0297] DT can represent a state of a device or entity as a twin. That is, DT 95 can be a twin of the indicating device described herein and / or the indicated device described herein. From the perspective of device 90 operating as an indicating device, device 90 can be suitable for accessing DT 95 representing the indicated device (e.g., device 501, 502, 503 and / or 504), and for deriving at least a portion of context information 221 and / or 223 based on DT 95. Alternatively or in addition, an indication 18 related to the target behavior of the indicated device can be derived, for example, by using its DT 95. Therefore, as an alternative or in addition, command 24 can be derived from DT. Alternatively or in addition, in addition to this description, DT 95 can be a twin of indicating devices 101, 102, 103 and / or 104. Based on DT, at least a portion of at least one of context information, indications and commands can be derived. This can be related to operating DT95 so as to represent one or a combination of indicating devices and indicated devices. DT 95 can also include other elements in the network. By accessing DT 95, the current condition and / or cause of the corresponding equipment can be evaluated, which can provide contextual information.

[0298] The respective DTs of the pointing device and / or the pointed device may act as providers and / or collectors of context information, the context information being related to at least one of the following:

[0299] ·Settings of the indicated device

[0300] The status of the indicated device or indicating device

[0301] · Capabilities of the pointing device or the pointed device

[0302] Availability of the pointing device or the pointed device

[0303] The behavior of the pointing device or the pointed device

[0304] Constraints / performance limitations of the control loop / controlled system

[0305] The status of the indicating device or the indicated device

[0306] ·Permission of the pointing device or the pointed device

[0307] ·The accuracy of the indicating device or the indicated device

[0308] Reliability of the indicating device or the indicated device

[0309] From the perspective of the indicated device, the device 90 may be adapted to access the DT 95 so as to become a twin of the indicating device 101, 102, 103 and / or 104, and derive at least a portion of at least one of the context information 222 and / or 224, the settings 52 and / or the operations of the indicated device based on the DT 95. Alternatively or in addition, the device 90 as the indicated device may be adapted to access the DT 95 so as to become a twin of the indicated device 501, 502, 503 and / or 504, and derive at least a portion of at least one of the context information 222 and / or 224, the settings 52 and / or the operations based on the DT 95.

[0310] In both variants, whether the DT 95 is a twin of the pointing device and / or the pointed device, the DT 95 may be a provider and / or collector of contextual information related to at least one of the following:

[0311] ·Settings of the indicated device

[0312] The status of the indicated device or indicating device

[0313] · Capabilities of the pointing device or the pointed device

[0314] Availability of the pointing device or the pointed device

[0315] The behavior of the pointing device or the pointed device

[0316] Constraints / performance limitations of the control loop / controlled system

[0317] The status of the indicating device or the indicated device

[0318] ·Permission of the pointing device or the pointed device

[0319] ·The accuracy of the indicating device or the indicated device

[0320] Reliability of the indicating device or the indicated device

[0321] Example of using data plane and control plane interface

[0322] Fig.18The connection of a first network entity 105 and a second network entity 505 or device of the system 3001 is shown, wherein the former processes an indication 18 in order to provide the latter with an appropriate command. The information flow within each device and between the devices is shown according to an embodiment. In the figure, the obfuscation processor 58 provided within the functional scope of the second device 505 transmits information to the command parser 54 and the commander and obfuscation processor 26+28 of the first device 105. The context information 22 is shared between the two devices using a downlink control or data plane 681 in one direction (from the first device to the second device) and an uplink control or data plane 682 in the other direction (from the second device to the first device). The command is transmitted from the first device to the second device via the downlink control plane.

[0323] For example, context information 221 and / or 222 may be stored in respective memories 381 and 382, ​​each of which may be formed by a centralized or distributed memory. While not excluding shared memory, this allows for context 221 associated with an indication to be in memory 381 and context 222 associated with the system to be in memory 382.

[0324] Fig.19 The connection of a first network entity 106 and a second network entity or device 106 of a system 3002 is shown, wherein the former processes the instructions in order to provide the appropriate commands to the latter. The information flow within each device and between the devices is shown. In this figure, the fuzzy processor 28, provided within the functional scope of the first device, transmits information to the commander and the command parser and fuzzy processor of the second device. The fuzzy processor 28 may further provide the fuzzy information 39 to the fuzzy processor 58 or the combined entity of the instructed device 506.

[0325] The context information is shared between the two devices using a downlink control or data plane in one direction (from the first device to the second device) and an uplink control or data plane in the other direction (from the second device to the first device). Commands are transmitted from the first device to the second device via the downlink control plane, such as Fig.18 and Fig.19 As shown, a group of functions can be implemented in common components, such as Fig.18 The combination of the command unit 26 and the fuzzy processor 28 and / or Fig.19 The combination of the command parsing unit 54 and the fuzzy processor 58 in.

[0326] Interface standardization

[0327] The arrangement, connection and implementation of the functional blocks may be determined by the device manufacturer and is therefore considered "implementation specific" or "proprietary". However, in order to use the first and second devices in a contextual command system, the following are required: Fig. 20 The standard interface shown, Fig. 20 Shows Fig.13 and Fig.14 Devices 104 and 504 are shown, showing the interconnection of devices using a standard interface. Standardized interfaces are needed to ensure that the two devices understand the commands, messages, formats, protocols, time and scheduling information exchanged and transmitted between them. On the other hand, since the interface can be implemented using any wired or wireless means, it may not be necessary to standardize this aspect.

[0328] Before using additional figures to illustrate other embodiments of the present invention, reference is again made to one of the findings on which the present invention is based. The present invention has recognized that the use of contextual information allows high interoperability and / or low communication overhead. While considering the context of the indicating device, the indicated device and / or the system environment at the indicating device, the indicating device can rely on formulating its instructions in a more general way. For example, the instructions according to the present embodiment can indicate reducing interference, providing multipath components, implementing general actions such as providing additional beams, saving power, for example, in the context to provide maximum battery life, etc. From such instructions, the indicating device can derive relevant commands that rely on contextual information. On the other hand, at the indicated device, since the remaining information comes from the contextual information, the contextual information can allow the command to be interpreted to reach the target behavior, and it may not be necessary to provide enough information through the command. For example, in order to reduce interference, the contextual information can provide details, where to reduce interference or in which frequency range, for example, knowing that the victim (indicating device or a device connected thereto) is interfered with in which frequency range.

[0329] Fig.21 An example of a system 4001 according to an embodiment is shown, the system having a control device 107 (which itself includes 3PC) and a controlled device. The system is a gNB, the control device 107 is a base station device, including a transmitter TRX, connected to a baseband unit BBU and a function 3PC, and the controlled device 507 is an active antenna system, such as an electronically steerable antenna or a remote radio head RRH, to form a beam pattern. In each embodiment described herein, the number of shapeable beam patterns can be any number of at least 1.

[0330] Fig. 22 An example of a system 4002 according to an embodiment is shown, showing a controlling device 108 (3PC 104) and a controlled device 508. The system is a UE deployed to form a beam 102, the controlling device 108 is a functional third party controller (3PC), and the controlled device is an active antenna system, such as an electronically steerable antenna.

[0331] Fig.23An example of a system 4003 according to an embodiment is shown, the system comprising a control device 108 (functional 3PC 104), a controlled device 509 forming beam patterns 1021 and 1022 (gNB), and another controlled device 508 (UE) forming beam patterns 1023 and 1024. The number of shapeable beam patterns may be any number of at least 1.

[0332] Fig.24 An example of a system 4004 according to an embodiment is shown, which includes a controlling device 108 (functional 3PC 104), a controlled device 508 (UE) and another controlled device (gNB) 509.

[0333] Fig.25 An example of a system 4005 according to an embodiment is shown, showing various possible 3PC implementations 104a-104d, i.e., arrangements of 3PC 104: within a gNB 107; within a UE 109; or within a network system, e.g., as part of a reflective intelligent surface (RIS) 106. 3PC may be implemented as a dedicated hardware 104d control, or an entity whose functionality is defined in software.

[0334] Fig.26 An example of a system 4006 according to an embodiment is shown, the system comprising a controlling device 108 (functional 3PC 104d), a controlled device (including RIS 106), and another controlled device 508 (UE).

[0335] Fig. 27 An example of a system 4007 according to an embodiment is shown, the system comprising a control device 108 (functional 3PC 104d), a controlled device 50 10 (including RIS106) and two additional controlled devices (gNB509 and UE 508).

[0336] Fig.28 An example of a system 4008 according to an embodiment is shown, which includes a control device 107 (functional 3PC in gNB), a controlled device 50 10 (including RIS 106) and another controlled device 508 (UE).

[0337] Fig.29 An example of a system 4009 according to an embodiment is shown, the system comprising a control device 109 (functional 3PC in UE), a controlled device 50 10 (including RIS106) and another controlled device 508 (gNB).

[0338] Fig.30 A system 400 according to an embodiment is shown. 10 The system includes a control device 1010 (Functional 3PC within RIS106), a controlled device 509 (gNB) and another controlled device 508 (UE).

[0339] Fig.31 A system 400 according to an embodiment is shown. 11 The system includes a control device 10 10 (Functional 3PC within RIS106), a controlled device 508 (UE) and another controlled device 509 (gNB).

[0340] Fig.32 A system 400 according to an embodiment is shown. 12 The system includes a control device 107 (functional 3PC in gNB) and a controlled device 50 11 (including repeater 108). For example, device 511 not controlled by 3PC 107 may be a UE and may form the basis for controlling device 107 (at least through its behavior, e.g., its beam patterns 1023 and / or 1024) in order to adapt the behavior of the remaining entities.

[0341] The control device 107 is used together with the controllable repeater and / or RIS as the controlled device 50 11 This may allow coordination of actions with other devices that may not be controlled, taking into account the overall behavior of the target, such as the direction of the beam emitted by device 511. Indicator device 107 may be controlled by using controlled device 50 11 To facilitate its communication with device 511.

[0342] According to an embodiment, the context information 22 may be associated with an indicating device such as the device 107, the indicated device 50, or the like. 11 and / or related to different entities.

[0343] According to an embodiment, the pointing device described herein (such as device 107) is suitable for generating a command signal, which includes an indication to the indicated device described herein, which is a beamforming device such as a repeater or a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), for directing the beam of the pointing device to a specific direction or position, or excluding a specific direction or position from the beam pattern generated by the pointing device.

[0344] According to an embodiment, a specific direction or position is associated with the position of another device, for example, the position of the device 511 of the communication partner such as the pointing device. This may allow the pointed device 50 11 Directing any or specific beam or combination of transmit and / or receive beams toward device 511 , for example, to facilitate communication with device 107 or to exclude that location / direction from illumination, for example, to reduce interference.

[0345] Fig.33 A system 400 according to an embodiment is shown. 13 The system includes a control device 107 (functional 3PC in gNB), a controlled device 50 11 (including the repeater 108) and another controlled device 508 (UE).

[0346] Fig.34 A system 400 according to an embodiment is shown. 14 The system includes a control device 108 (functional 3PC), a controlled device 50 11 (including the relay 108) and another controlled device 508 (UE). For example, the device 512 not controlled by the indicating device 108 can be a gNB and can serve as the basis for the control of the controlling device 108 in order to adapt the behavior of the remaining entities.

[0347] Fig.35 A system 400 according to an embodiment is shown. 15 , the system includes a controlling device 108 (functional 3PC), a controlled device (including a repeater 108), and two further controlled devices 508 and 509 (gNB and UE).

[0348] Fig.36 A system 400 according to an embodiment is shown. 16 The system includes a control device 107 (functional 3PC in gNB), a controlled device 50 11 (including the repeater 108) and another controlled device 508 (UE).

[0349] Fig.37 A system 400 according to an embodiment is shown. 17 The system includes a control device 109 (functional 3PC in UE), a controlled device 50 11 (including repeater 108) and another controlled device 509 (gNB).

[0350] Fig.38 A system 400 according to an embodiment is shown. 18 The system includes a control device 10 12 (Functional 3PC within the relay 108), a controlled device 509 (gNB) and another controlled device 508 (UE).

[0351] Fig.39 A system 400 according to an embodiment is shown. 19 The system includes a control device 10 12(Functional 3PC within the relay 108), a controlled device 508 (UE) and another controlled device 509 (gNB).

[0352] It should be noted that the number of controlled devices is arbitrary, preferably at least one. As shown, the number of controlled devices may also be higher, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5 or even more. This allows the behavior of the devices to be orchestrated, for example, by 3PC 104. For example, the selection, direction, power control, etc. of beam patterns 1021 to 1024 can be adjusted to provide effective communication, perhaps by using RIS 106 and / or repeaters 108 incorporated by a third party or the like.

[0353]

[0013] Hereinafter, additional embodiments and aspects of the invention will be described, which may be used alone or in combination with any of the features, functions, and details described in the present invention.

[0354] According to a first aspect, a device configured to send a command signal as an indicating device 50 to an indicated device 50 that forms a command chain 40 with the indicating device 50 includes: an interface 14 configured to send a command signal 12; a control unit 16, configured to provide an indication signal including an indication 18 associated with a target behavior of the indicated device 50; wherein the device is configured to access / use context information 22 indicating a context of the command chain 40, and to generate a command 24 from the indication based on the context information 22; wherein the command 24 is associated with an operation of the indicated device 50; or to provide context information 22, the context information 22 indicating a context of the command chain 40 for interpreting commands belonging to the command chain 40, wherein the device is configured to use the interface to send a command signal 12 including a command 24.

[0355] When referring back to aspect 1, according to a second aspect, the device comprises a command unit 26 configured to access / use context information 22 and to generate commands.

[0356] According to the third aspect, when referring back to aspect 1 or 2, the command chain 40 is a first command chain; wherein the device is suitable for providing context information 22 associated with the first command chain; and / or for providing context information 22 associated with a second command chain, the device is not part of the second command chain.

[0357] According to a fourth aspect, referring back to aspect 3, the device is adapted to provide context information 22 associated with the second chain of commands upon request or based on a triggering event.

[0358] According to a fifth aspect, referring back to aspect 3 or 4, the context information 22 contains general information general to: the type of indication; the type of at least one component of the device; the type of at least one component of the indicated device; a description of the process.

[0359] When returning to reference to a previous aspect, according to a sixth aspect, the device is suitable for accessing a first digital twin DT 95 of the indicated device 50, and is suitable for deriving at least a part of at least one of the context information 22, instructions 18 and commands 24 based on DT 95; and / or accessing a second digital twin DT 95 of the device, and deriving at least a part of at least one of the context information 22, instructions 18 and commands 24 based on DT 95.

[0360] According to the seventh aspect, when returning to reference aspect 6, the first DT 95 and / or the second DT is a provider and / or collector of context information 22, and the context information 22 is related to at least one of the following: the settings of the indicated device, the status of the indicating device or the indicated device, the capabilities of the indicating device or the indicated device, the availability of the indicating device or the indicated device, the behavior of the indicating device or the indicated device, the constraints / performance limitations of the control loop / controlled system, the conditions of the indicating device or the indicated device, the permissions of the indicating device or the indicated device, the accuracy of the indicating device or the indicated device, and the reliability of the indicating device or the indicated device.

[0361] While referring to one of the above aspects, according to the eighth aspect, the device, for example, its command unit is configured to derive expected known information expected to be known at the indicated device 50 from the context information 22, and delete or replace the expected known information from the command 24.

[0362] While returning to reference one of the above aspects, according to the ninth aspect, the device includes a fuzzy processor 28, which is configured to evaluate the ambiguity of the indication 18 relative to the context information 22 and / or receive fuzzy information 64 provided by the indicated device 50 to obtain a fuzzy result 32; wherein the fuzzy processor 28 is configured to provide the fuzzy result 32 to the control unit; wherein the control unit 16 is configured to reduce the fuzziness based on the fuzziness result 32.

[0363] When returning to reference aspect nine, according to aspect ten, the control unit 16 is configured to provide a new indication signal including a new indication 18 associated with a target behavior, the new indication 18 including supplementary information and / or supplementing the indication 18 to reduce ambiguity when compared to the indication 18; and / or wherein the control unit 16 is configured to provide supplementary context information 223 about the device to reduce ambiguity at the indicated device 50; and / or wherein the control unit 16 is configured to control the device to send a request to the indicated device 50 to provide supplementary context information 224 about the indicated device 50.

[0364] When referring back to aspect ten, according to an eleventh aspect, the control unit 16 is configured to provide the new indication signal so as to comprise changes in parameters of the indication 18 and / or at least one additional parameter when compared to the indication 18 .

[0365] When returning to reference aspect ten or eleven, according to aspect twelfth, the device, for example, its command unit 26 is configured to generate a new command signal 12 containing a new command 24 based on the new indication signal and based on context information 22; wherein, compared to the command signal, the new command signal includes at least one of the following: information with increased granularity; additional data fields containing additional parameters; and additional marginal constraints on the target behavior.

[0366] When returning to one of reference aspects ten to twelve, according to aspect thirteen, the device, for example, its command unit 26 is configured to use additional context information 223, 224 provided by the device or provided by a different device for providing a new command signal; wherein, based on the additional context information 22, the control unit 16 is configured to reduce the amount of information contained in the new command signal compared to the indication signal.

[0367] When returning to one of reference aspects ten to thirteen, according to aspect fourteen, the device includes a command unit 26 configured to access context information 22 and generate a command 24; wherein the fuzzy processor 28 is configured to provide a fuzzy result 32 so as to indicate the fuzziness of at least one of the input of the command unit and the output of the command unit.

[0368] When returning to reference aspect fourteen, according to aspect fifteen, the ambiguity in the input of command unit 26 is related to the ambiguity associated with control unit 16 and / or associated with indication 18; or wherein the ambiguity in the output of command unit 16 is related to the ambiguity associated with indication 18 and / or associated with command 24.

[0369] When returning to one of reference aspects nine to fifteen, according to aspect sixteen, the fuzzy processor 28 is configured to provide a fuzzy result 32 to indicate at least one of the following: ambiguity associated with the control unit, for example, such as whether the meaning of left / right is unambiguous, ambiguity associated with the command unit, ambiguity related to the output associated with the command unit in terms of context information and indications, ambiguity associated with the command parsing unit of the indicated device, ambiguity associated with the system or process of the indicated device, an indicator of whether the indication is understood based on the context information, a probability of whether the indication is understood based on the context information, an indicator of whether the command is understood / clear based on the CI; a context refinement request indicating a request to provide additional context information about the command chain.

[0370] According to a seventeenth aspect, when referring back to one of the previous aspects, the control unit 16 is configured to evaluate whether the behavior of the indicated device 50 corresponds to a target behavior.

[0371] When returning to reference aspect seventeen, according to aspect eighteen, the control unit is configured to use at least one of the following for evaluation: a measurement report reporting measurements associated with the behavior; updated context information updated based on the behavior; feedback received from the indicated device.

[0372] When returning to reference aspect seventeen or eighteen, according to aspect nineteen, the control unit is configured to compare the behavior of the indicated device 50 with the target behavior within the evaluation, and determine the deviation between the behavior of the indicated device 50 and the target behavior; and provide an updated indication about the target behavior or update the target behavior based on the deviation.

[0373] When referring to aspect nineteen, according to the twentieth aspect, the control unit 16 is configured to associate the deviation with the context information 22 available to the device 10 or the indicated device 50 and to update the context information 22 and / or take the deviation into account in the updated indication.

[0374] When returning to reference one of the previous aspects, according to the twenty-first aspect, the control unit 16 and the command unit 26 of the device are functionally entirely set within the indicating device 10, or at most partially set as a network entity of the network including the indicating device 10, and the command unit is configured to access context information 22 and generate commands 24.

[0375] When returning to reference one of the previous aspects, according to the twenty-second aspect, the device includes: a context interface 36 for context transfer to directly or indirectly transfer context information 22 to the indicated device; and / or a fuzzy interface 34 for receiving fuzzy information 64 from the indicated device 50.

[0376] When returning to reference one of the previous aspects, according to the twenty-third aspect, the command signal 12 is a first command signal, wherein the device is configured to use additional context information 223, 224 provided by the device or provided by a different device for providing a second command signal for the same indication signal; wherein, based on the additional context information 223, 224, the device is configured to reduce the amount of information contained in the second command signal when compared to the first command signal 12.

[0377] According to a twenty-fourth aspect, when referring to one of the previous aspects, the context information 22 is accessible to the device at least in part at an internal or external data storage 38 .

[0378] The twenty-fifth aspect relates to a device configured to operate as an indicated device of a command chain 40 based on a received command, the device comprising: an interface 14 configured to receive a command signal 12 including a command; wherein the device is configured to access / use context information 22 indicating a context of the command chain 40, and to generate a setting 52 of the device from the command based on the context information 22; wherein the setting 52 is associated with the operation of the device; wherein the device is configured to implement and / or execute the setting 52.

[0379] When referring back to aspect twenty-fifth, according to a twenty-sixth aspect, the device comprises a command parsing unit 54 configured to access / use context information 22 and generate settings 52 of the device.

[0380] When returning to reference aspect twenty-five or twenty-six, according to aspect twenty-seven, the command chain 40 is a first command chain; wherein the device is adapted to provide context information 224 associated with the first command chain; and / or provide context information associated with a second command chain, the device not being part of the second command chain.

[0381] When referring back to aspect twenty-seven, according to aspect twenty-eight, the device is adapted to provide context information associated with the second command chain upon request or based on a triggering event.

[0382] When returning to reference aspect twenty-seven or twenty-eight, according to aspect twenty-ninth, the context information includes general information that is common to: the type of indication; the type of at least one component of the device; the type of at least one component of the indication device; a description of the process.

[0383] When returning to one of reference aspects twenty-five to twenty-nine, according to aspect thirtieth, the device is adapted to access a first digital twin DT 95 indicating a device and derive at least a portion of at least one of context information 22, settings 52, and operations based on the first DT 95; and / or wherein the device is adapted to access a second digital twin DT 95 of the device and derive at least a portion of at least one of context information 22, settings, and operations based on the second DT 95.

[0384] When returning to reference aspect 30, according to aspect 31, the first DT and / or the second DT is a provider and / or collector of context information, and the context information is related to at least one of: settings of the indicated device; status of the indicating device or the indicated device; capabilities of the indicating device or the indicated device; availability of the indicating device or the indicating device; behavior of the indicating device or the indicated device; constraints / performance limitation status of the control loop / controlled system: status of the indicating device or the indicated device; permission for the indicating device or the indicated device; accuracy of the indicating device or the indicated device; reliability of the indicating device or the indicated device.

[0385] When returning to one of reference aspects twenty-five to thirty-one, according to aspect thirty-two, the settings relate to control of a subsystem of a device; wherein the device, for example, its command parsing unit 54, is configured to determine multiple settings for the same or different subsystems; the multiple settings describe simultaneous or sequential control of the same or different subsystems as a solution to following a received command.

[0386] When returning to one of reference aspects twenty-five to thirty-two, according to aspect thirty-third, the device, for example, its command parsing unit 54 is configured to derive missing information related to valid settings of the device from the command; and derive the missing information from the context information 22 to obtain at least one valid setting.

[0387] When returning to reference aspect thirty-three, according to aspect thirty-four, the device, for example, its command parsing unit is configured to provide multiple valid settings based on the command in the case where the context information 52 provides an ambiguous determination of the setting based on missing information.

[0388] When returning to reference aspect thirty-three or thirty-four, according to aspect thirty-fifth, the apparatus comprises an obfuscation processor 58 configured to provide obfuscated information 32, 64 in the event that the context information 22 provides an obfuscated determination of the setting based on missing information.

[0389] When returning to one of reference aspects twenty-five to thirty-five, according to aspect thirty-six, the device includes a fuzzy processor 58, which is configured to evaluate the ambiguity of the command relative to the context information 22 to obtain fuzzy information 64; wherein the fuzzy processor 28 is configured to provide the fuzzy information 64 to an indicating device and / or an entity of the device that issues the command signal so that the entity provides supplementary context information.

[0390] When returning to reference aspect thirty-five or thirty-six, according to aspect thirty-seven, the device includes a command parsing unit 54, which is configured to access / use context information 22 and generate settings 52 of the device; wherein the fuzzy processor 58 is configured to provide a fuzzy result so as to indicate ambiguity in at least one of the input of the command parsing unit 54 and the output of the command parsing unit 54.

[0391] When returning to reference aspect thirty-seven, according to aspect thirty-eight, the ambiguity in the input of the command parsing unit 54 is related to the ambiguity associated with the command; or wherein the ambiguity in the output of the command parsing unit 54 is related to the ambiguity associated with the setting 52 and / or associated with the device.

[0392] When returning to one of aspects thirty-five to thirty-eight, according to a thirty-ninth aspect, the device includes a fuzzy interface 342 configured to send a fuzzy signal 64 based on fuzzy information 64 to provide information about the determined fuzziness.

[0393] When returning to reference aspect thirty-nine, according to aspect forty, the device is configured to provide an ambiguous signal 64 as feedback, which indicates at least one of the following: information identifying the device or the intended receiver of the ambiguous signal; the type of feedback provided; validity information of the feedback, for example, who the feedback is for, how long it is valid, which part of the network is the subject of the feedback, priority, such as indicating whether the feedback is important or auxiliary information.

[0394] When returning to reference aspect forty, according to aspect forty-one, the type of feedback indicates at least one of the following: ambiguity feedback, for example, indicating the ambiguity of settings of instructions, context information, commands, or system behaviors; positive or negative confirmation feedback, for example, confirming the successful or failed execution of a command; context request feedback requesting additional context information; system behavior feedback, indicating observed, expected, or unexpected system behavior in response to settings and / or commands; refinement request, indicating a request to refine information to reduce ambiguity.

[0395] When returning to reference aspect forty-one, according to aspect forty-second, the type of feedback indicates a refinement request, the refinement request indicating a request to refine the information to reduce ambiguity; wherein the refinement request is related to at least one of the following: a refinement request allowing a decision at the indicating device 50 as to whether to provide additional context information 22, a refinement command, and a refinement indication; a context refinement request indicating a request to provide additional context information 22; a command refinement request indicating a request to provide a refinement indication and / or a refinement command.

[0396] When returning to one of reference aspects thirty-five to forty-two, according to aspect forty-third, the fuzzy processor 58 is configured to provide a fuzzy result 32 to indicate at least one of the following: ambiguity associated with the control unit of the indicating device, for example, whether the meaning of an indication such as left / right in the indication is clear; ambiguity associated with the indicating device such as its command unit; output-related ambiguity associated with the indicating device such as its command unit, the command unit providing commands based on context information and indications associated therewith; ambiguity associated with the command parsing unit of the device; ambiguity associated with a system or process; an indicator of whether a command is understood based on context information; a probability of whether a command is understood based on context information; a context refinement request indicating a request to provide additional context information about a command chain.

[0397] When returning to reference aspect forty-three, according to aspect forty-four, the fuzzy processor 58 is configured to determine the probability as a normalized probability, wherein the sum of all determined probabilities is a value corresponding to 100%; or to determine the probability as a non-normalized probability, wherein the sum of all determined probabilities is a value corresponding to a value different from 100%.

[0398] When returning to one of reference aspects twenty-five to forty-four, according to aspect forty-fifth, the device includes: a context interface 362 for context transmission to directly or indirectly transmit context information 22 to the indicating device; and / or a fuzzy interface 342 for transmitting fuzzy information to the indicating device 10.

[0399] When returning to reference aspect forty-five, according to aspect forty-six, the fuzzy interface 34 is connected to a command parsing unit 54 configured to access / use context information 22 and settings 52 of the generating device; and is configured to provide fuzzy information to an indicating device such as its command unit.

[0400] When referring back to one of aspects twenty-five to forty-six, according to a forty-seventh aspect, the device is configured to provide confirmation information indicating confirmation of the command to the indicating device 10.

[0401] When returning to one of reference aspects twenty-five to forty-seven, according to aspect forty-eight, the device includes a control unit configured to implement and / or execute settings and a system response based on a command to lock at least one function or command chain of the device; or a system response based on a command to unlock at least one function or command chain of the device.

[0402] When returning to reference aspect forty-eight, according to aspect forty-ninth, the device is configured to provide a report to an indicating device, reporting a lock or reporting an unlock.

[0403] When referring back to one of aspects twenty-five to forty-nine, according to a fiftieth aspect, the context information is accessible to the device at least in part at an internal or external data memory 38 .

[0404] According to the fifty-first aspect, the system includes: the device of any one of aspects 1 to 24 as an indicating device; and the device of any one of aspects 25 to 50 as an indicated device.

[0405] When returning to reference aspect fifty-one, according to aspect fifty-two, the context information 22 accessed / used by the indicating device 50 is the first context information 221; and the context information used by the indicating device is the second context information 222; wherein the first context information 221 and the second context information 222 come from the same data source, for example, obtained from a common central or decentralized data storage; or from different data sources, for example, obtained from local or decentralized data storage; and / or wherein the first context information 221 and the second context information 222 are at least partially / partially different or overlapping or consistent with each other.

[0406] When returning to reference aspect fifty-one or fifty-three, according to the fifty-third aspect, the system includes a context information provider, suitable for providing context information 22 for the indicated device 50 and / or for the indicating device 10; rather than being part of a command chain.

[0407] When returning to reference aspect fifty-three, according to aspect fifty-four, the first context information 221 and the second context information 222 differ from each other in at least one considered parameter and / or in the value of the same parameter.

[0408] When referring back to one of aspects fifty-two to fifty-four, according to the fifty-fifth aspect, the first context information 221 is restricted to the first information domain; wherein the second context information 222 is restricted to the second information domain.

[0409] When returning to reference aspect fifty-five, according to aspect fifty-six, the first information domain is associated with the domain of the indicating device 10, the domain of the control unit 16, and / or the domain of the command unit 26 of the indicating device 10; and / or wherein the second information domain is associated with the domain of the indicated device, the domain of the command parsing unit of the indicated device 50, and / or the domain of the system or process of the indicated device 50.

[0410] When returning to reference one of aspects fifty-one to fifty-six, according to aspect fifty-seven, the pointing device is a third-party controller 104 configured to control the pointed device.

[0411] When returning to reference to one of aspects fifty-one to fifty-seven, according to aspect fifty-eight, the indication is a high-level descriptor of the behavior of a system, the system comprising an indicated device 50 desired by the indicating device 10.

[0412] When returning to one of reference aspects fifty-one to fifty-eight, according to aspect fifty-ninth, indication 18 is associated with at least one of: an increase in the data rate provided by the indicated device using a data signal; a reduction in interference generated by the indicated device; activation or deactivation of at least a portion of the functions or services of the indicated device; a broadcast, such as a warning or alarm, provided by the indicated device; execution of end-to-end measurements or tests; adaptation of the antenna radiation pattern or part thereof; adaptation of antenna gain; adjustment of radio parameters; and a reduction in network energy consumption, for example under given constraints.

[0413] When returning to one of reference aspects fifty-one to fifty-nine, according to aspect sixty, command 24 is a command to: request or report the capabilities of the indicated device; reduce or increase the power of the indicated device; reduce or increase the power of the indicated device by the value specified in the command; set the power of the indicated device to a minimum value or a maximum value; set the power step performed by the indicated device to the value specified in the command; set the carrier used by the indicated device to the channel specified in the command; set the carrier frequency used by the indicated device to the frequency specified in the command; increase or decrease the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) class used by the indicated device; move the first beam generated by the indicated device in a certain direction; move the first beam generated by the indicated device in a first direction and move the second beam generated by the indicated device in a second direction; or move the first beam and the second beam in a common direction; move the beam generated by the indicated device in a certain direction by the amount specified in the command.

[0414] When referring back to aspects fifty-one to sixty-one, according to a sixty-first aspect, the system comprises a centralized or distributed memory 38 on which context information is stored.

[0415] When returning to one of aspects fifty-one to sixty-one, according to aspect sixty-second, the context information 22 is related to the context of the pointing device 10 and / or the context of the pointed device 50.

[0416] When returning to one of reference aspects fifty-one to sixty-two, according to aspect sixty-third, the context information 22 is related to the context of the indicating device 10 and includes information indicating at least one of: the capabilities of the indicating device 50; the manufacturer of the indicating device 50; the type or model of the indicating device 50; the operator of the indicating device 50; the location of the indicating device 50; the operating conditions of the indicating device 50; absolute time or relative time; geographic location; relative position or co-existence position; orientation; a set of conditions; validity of information.

[0417] When returning to one of reference aspects fifty-one to sixty-three, according to aspect sixty-four, the context information 22 is related to the context of the indicated device 50 and includes information indicating at least one of: the capabilities of the indicated device; the manufacturer of the indicated device; the type or model of the indicated device; the operator of the indicated device; the location of the indicated device; the operating conditions of the indicated device; absolute time or relative time; geographic location; relative position or co-existence position; orientation; a set of conditions; validity of information.

[0418] According to the sixty-fifth aspect, when returning to one of the reference aspects fifty-one to sixty-four, the indicating device 10, the indicated device 50 or a different entity is configured to provide, receive and / or update the context information 22.

[0419] According to the sixty-sixth aspect, when referring back to one of aspects fifty-one to sixty-five, the context information 22 is related to the indicating device 10, the indicated device 50 or a different entity.

[0420] According to aspect sixty-seven, when returning to one of reference aspects fifty-one to sixty-six, the indicating device is suitable for generating a command signal including an indication of the indicated device, and the indicated device is a device capable of beamforming to point the beam of the indicated device to a specific direction or position or to exclude a specific direction or position from the beam pattern generated by the indicated device.

[0421] According to the sixty-eighth aspect, when referring back to the sixty-seventh aspect, the specific direction or position is associated with the position of a communication partner of another device such as a pointing device.

[0422] According to the sixty-ninth aspect, a method for operating a system having a command chain including at least one indicating device and an indicated device, comprising: determining 1010 a target behavior of the indicated device and generating an indication indicating the target behavior; preparing 1020 an indication at the indicating device using context information of a context indicating the command chain and generating a command for the indicated device based on the context information, the command being an incomplete command with missing information relative to the complete command; sending 1030 a command to the indicated device; and at the indicated device, deriving 1040 settings for the indicated device from the command by using the context information to derive the missing information in the incomplete command; and applying 1050 the settings on the indicated device.

[0423] According to the seventieth aspect, when returning to reference aspect sixty-ninth, a complete command is related to a command containing a complete set of parameters; wherein an incomplete command lacks at least a portion of the parameters as missing information.

[0424] A seventy-first aspect relates to a computer-readable digital storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program having a program code for executing the method according to aspect 69 or 70 when run on a computer.

[0425] Embodiments address problems related to the way a commander or controller commands or controls a system or process, and in particular, how to use context information and additional knowledge to construct commands. Although the problems addressed and the technical solutions proposed are both related to command systems, both have many similarities with control systems. Therefore, some embodiments are explained in conjunction with a brief introduction to control systems to discuss the problems to be solved related to command systems.

[0426] The embodiments described herein allow for reducing the need for a priori knowledge of the full set of system indications, reducing the signal overhead required for the controller to control the system to be controlled, reducing the delay associated with the controller controlling the system to be controlled, etc. Alternatively or in addition, the embodiments allow for providing interoperability of components and devices comprising the system. The embodiments further provide forward compatibility.

[0427] Although some aspects have been described in the context of an apparatus, it is clear that these aspects also represent a description of the corresponding method, where a block or device corresponds to a method step or a feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described in the context of a method step also represent a description of a corresponding block or item or feature of the corresponding apparatus.

[0428] According to certain implementation requirements, embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in hardware or software. The implementation can be performed using a digital storage medium, such as a floppy disk, DVD, CD, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM or flash memory, which has electronically readable control signals stored thereon, which cooperate with (or can cooperate with) a programmable computer system to perform the corresponding method.

[0429] Some embodiments according to the invention comprise a data carrier having electronically readable control signals, which are capable of cooperating with a programmable computer system, such that one of the methods described herein is performed.

[0430] Generally, the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a computer program product with a program code, which is operable to perform one of the above methods when the computer program product runs on a computer.For example, the program code can be stored on a machine-readable carrier.

[0431] Other embodiments comprise the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein, stored on a machine readable carrier.

[0432] In other words, an embodiment of the inventive method is, therefore, a computer program having a program code for performing one of the methods described herein, when the computer program runs on a computer.

[0433] A further embodiment of the inventive methods is, therefore, a data carrier (or a digital storage medium, or a computer-readable medium), recorded thereon, comprising the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein.

[0434] A further embodiment of the inventive method is, therefore, a data stream or a sequence of signals representing the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein.For example, the data stream or the sequence of signals may be configured to be transmitted via a data communication connection, for example via the Internet.

[0435] A further embodiment comprises a processing means, for example a computer or a programmable logic device, configured to or adapted to perform one of the methods described herein.

[0436] A further embodiment comprises a computer having installed thereon the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein.

[0437] In some embodiments, a programmable logic device (e.g., a field programmable gate array) may be used to perform some or all of the functions of the methods described herein. In some embodiments, a field programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein. Generally, the methods are preferably performed by any hardware device.

[0438] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. It is understood that modifications and variations of the arrangements and details described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention be limited only by the scope of the forthcoming patent claims and not by the specific details presented herein by way of description and explanation of the embodiments.

[0439] List of abbreviations

[0440]

[0441]

[0442]

Claims

1. A device configured to send a command signal as a pointing device (50) to a pointed device (50) forming a command chain (40) with the pointing device (50), the device include: An interface (14) configured to send the command signal (12); A control unit (16) configured to provide an indication signal including an indication (18) associated with a target behavior of the indicated device (50); wherein the device is configured to access / use context information (22) indicating a context of the command chain (40) and to generate a command (24) from the indication based on the context information (22); wherein the command (24) is associated with an operation of the indicated device (50); or to provide context information (22), wherein the context information (22) indicates a context of the command chain (40) for interpreting a command belonging to the command chain (40); Therein, the device is configured to send the command signal (12) including the command (24) using the interface.

2. The device of claim 1, adapted to operate in a wireless communication system and to indicate the indicated device as another device of the wireless communication system.

3. The device of claim 1 or 2, comprising a command unit (26) configured to access / use the context information (22) and to generate the command.

4. A device as described in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the command chain (40) is a first command chain; wherein the device is suitable for providing context information (22) associated with the first command chain; and / or for providing context information (22) associated with a second command chain, the device not being part of the second command chain.

5. The device of claim 4, wherein the device is adapted to provide context information (22) associated with the second chain of commands upon request or based on a triggering event.

6. A device as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the context information (22) comprises general information for the type of indication; the type of at least one component of the device; The type of at least one component of the indicated device; Description of the process.

7. A device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the device is adapted to access a first digital twin DT (95) of the indicated device (50) and to derive at least a part of at least one of the context information (22), the indication (18) and the command (24) based on the DT (95); and / or A second digital twin DT (95) of the device is accessed, and at least a portion of at least one of the context information (22), the indication (18) and the command (24) is derived based on the DT (95).

8. A device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the device, for example its command unit, is configured to derive expected known information expected to be known at the indicated device (50) from the context information (22) and to delete or replace the expected known information from the command (24).

9. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a fuzzy processor (28) configured to evaluate the ambiguity of the indication (18) relative to the context information (22) and / or to receive fuzzy information (64) provided by the indicated device (50) to obtain a fuzzy result (32); in, The fuzzy processor (28) is configured to provide the fuzzy result (32) to the control unit; Wherein the control unit (16) is configured to reduce the ambiguity based on the fuzzy result (32).

10. The device according to claim 9, in, The control unit (16) is configured to provide a new indication signal comprising a new indication (18) associated with the target behavior, the new indication (18) comprising supplementary information and / or supplementary indication (18) compared to the indication (18) to reduce the ambiguity; and / or The control unit (16) is configured to provide supplementary context information about the device (22 3 ) to reduce the ambiguity at the indicated device (50); and / or The control unit (16) is configured to control the device to send a request to the indicated device (50) to provide supplementary context information (22) about the indicated device (50). 4 ).

11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the control unit (16) is configured to provide the new indication signal so as to comprise changes in parameters of the indication (18) and / or at least one additional parameter when compared to the indication (18).

12. The device according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the device, for example its command unit (26), is configured to generate a new command signal (12) containing a new command (24) based on the new indication signal and based on the context information (22); in, Compared with the command signal, the new command signal includes at least one of the following: Information with increased granularity; Additional data fields containing additional parameters; and Additional marginal constraints on the target behavior.

13. A device as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the device, for example a command unit (26) thereof, is configured to use additional context information (22) provided by the device or a different device for providing the new command signal. 3 ,twenty two 4 ); in, Based on the additional context information (22), the control unit (16) is configured to reduce the amount of information contained in the new command signal compared to the indication signal.

14. The device according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the device comprises a command unit (26) configured to access the context information (22) and to generate the command (24); in, The fuzzy processor (28) is configured to provide the fuzzy result (32) to indicate the fuzziness of at least one of an input to the command unit and an output of the command unit.

15. The device according to claim 14, wherein the ambiguity of the input of the command unit (26) is related to the ambiguity associated with the control unit (16) and / or associated with the indication (18); or in, The ambiguity of the output of the command unit (16) is related to the ambiguity associated with the indication (18) and / or the ambiguity associated with the command (24).

16. The device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit (16) is configured to evaluate whether the behavior of the instructed device (50) corresponds to the target behavior.

17. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the control unit is configured to use at least one of the following for the evaluation: a measurement report reporting measurements associated with the behavior; · updating context information based on the behavior update; • Feedback received from the instructed device.

18. A device as claimed in claim 18 or 19, wherein the control unit is configured to compare the behavior of the indicated device (50) with the target behavior within the evaluation and to determine a deviation between the behavior of the indicated device (50) and the target behavior; and An updated indication regarding the target behavior or an updated target behavior is provided based on the deviation.

19. A device as claimed in claim 18, wherein the control unit (16) is configured to associate the deviation with context information (22) available to the device (10) or the indicated device (50) and to update the context information (22) and / or to take the deviation into account in the updated indication.

20. A device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit (16) and the command unit (26) of the device are functionally arranged entirely within the indicating device (10), or at most partially as a network entity of a network including the indicating device (10), the command unit being configured to access the context information (22) and to generate the command (24).

21. The apparatus of any preceding claim, configured to: context transmission, to directly or indirectly transmit context information (22) to the indicated device; and / or Ambiguity information (64) is received and processed from the indicated device (50), the ambiguity information indicating ambiguity caused by the command (24), the ambiguity being determined by the indicated device.

22. A device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the command signal (12) is a first command signal, wherein the device is configured to use additional context information (22) provided by the device or a different device for providing a second command signal for the same indication signal 3 ,twenty two 4 ); in, Based on the additional context information (22 3 ,twenty two 4 ), the device being configured to reduce the amount of information contained in the second command signal when compared to the first command signal (12).

23. A device configured to operate as an instructed device of a command chain (40) based on a received command, the device include: an interface (14) configured to receive a command signal (12) including said command; wherein the device is configured to access / use context information (22) indicating a context of the command chain (40) and to generate a setting (52) of the device from the command based on the context information (22); wherein the setting (52) is associated with an operation of the device; Therein, the device is configured to implement and / or execute the setting (52).

24. The device of claim 23, adapted to operate in a wireless communication system and to receive the command signal from another device of the wireless communication system.

25. The device of claim 23 or 24, wherein the device comprises a command parsing unit (54) configured to access / use the context information (22) and generate the settings (52) of the device.

26. The device according to any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein the command chain (40) is a first command chain; wherein the device is adapted to provide context information (22) associated with the first command chain. 4 ); and / or providing context information associated with a second command chain, the device is not part of the second command chain.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the apparatus is adapted to provide context information associated with the second chain of commands upon request or based on a triggering event.

28. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 27, in, The device is adapted to access a first digital twin DT (95) of the indicating device and to derive at least a portion of at least one of the context information (22), the setting (52) and the operation based on the first DT (95); and / or The device is adapted to access a second digital twin DT (95) of the device and to derive at least a portion of at least one of the context information (22), the settings and the operations based on the second DT (95).

29. A device as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 28, wherein the setting relates to control of a subsystem of the device; in, The device, for example its command parsing unit (54), is configured to determine a plurality of settings for the same or different subsystems; the plurality of settings describing simultaneous or sequential control of the same or different subsystems as a solution to a received command.

30. A device as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 29, wherein the device, for example, its command parsing unit (54) is configured to derive missing information related to valid settings of the device from the command; and derive the missing information from the context information (22) to obtain at least one valid setting.

31. The device of claim 30, wherein the device, such as a command parsing unit thereof, is configured to provide a plurality of valid settings based on the command in case the context information (52) provides an ambiguous determination of the setting based on the missing information.

32. An apparatus as claimed in claim 30 or 31, comprising an ambiguous processor (58) configured to provide ambiguous information (32, 64) if the context information (22) provides an ambiguous determination of a setting based on the missing information.

33. The apparatus of any one of claims 23 to 32, comprising a fuzzy processor (58) configured to evaluate the ambiguity of the command relative to the context information (22) to obtain fuzzy information (64); in, The obfuscation processor (28) is configured to provide the obfuscated information (64) to an indicating device that issues the command signal and / or an entity of the device so that the entity provides supplementary context information.

34. The device of claim 32 or 33, wherein the device comprises a command parsing unit (54) configured to access / use the context information (22) and generate settings (52) for the device; in, The fuzzification processor (58) is configured to provide the fuzzification result to indicate fuzziness in at least one of an input to the command parsing unit (54) and an output of the command parsing unit (54).

35. The apparatus of claim 34, in, The ambiguity in the input of the command parsing unit (54) is related to the ambiguity associated with the command; or wherein the ambiguity in the output of the command parsing unit (54) is related to the ambiguity associated with the setting (52) and / or associated with the device.

36. A device as claimed in any one of claims 32 to 35, wherein the device is configured to send an ambiguity signal (64) based on the ambiguity information (64) to provide information about the determined ambiguity.

37. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 32 to 36, wherein the fuzzy processor (58) is configured to provide the fuzzy result (32) to indicate a probability of whether the command is understood based on the context information; in, The fuzzy processor (58) is configured to determine the probability as a normalized probability, wherein the sum of all determined probabilities is a value corresponding to 100%; or to determine the probability as a non-normalized probability, wherein the sum of all determined probabilities is a value corresponding to a value different from 100%.

38. The apparatus of any one of claims 23 to 37, configured to: context transfer to directly or indirectly transfer context information (22) to the pointing device; and / or The ambiguous information is sent to the indicating device (10).

39. The device of claim 38, comprising a command parsing unit (54), which is configured to access / use the context information (22) and generate settings (52) for the device; and is configured to provide the ambiguous information to the indicating device, such as a command unit of the indicating device.

40. A device as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 39, wherein the device is configured to provide confirmation information indicating confirmation of the command to the indicating device (10).

41. A device as described in any one of claims 23 to 40, wherein the device includes a control unit configured to implement and / or execute the setting and lock at least one function of the device or the system response of the command chain based on the command; or unlock at least one function of the device or the system response of the command chain based on the command.

42. The device of claim 41, wherein the device is configured to provide a report to the indicating device, reporting the locking or reporting the unlocking.

43. A system, include: A device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22, as an indicating device; as well as The device as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 42, as an indicated device.

44. The system of claim 43, wherein the system is a wireless communication system.

45. A system as claimed in claim 43 or 44, comprising a context information provider, which is suitable for providing context information (22) for the indicated device (50) and / or for the indicating device (10) without being part of the command chain (40).

46. ​​A system as claimed in any one of claims 43 to 45, wherein the context information (22) accessed / used by the pointing device (50) is the first context information (22 1 ); and wherein the context information used by the indicated device is second context information (22 2 ); The first context information (22 1 ) and the second context information (22 2 ) from the same data source, such as from a common central or decentralized data store; or from different data sources, such as from local or decentralized data stores; and / or The first context information (22 1 ) and the second context information (22 2 ) are at least partially / partially different from each other, or overlap or are consistent with each other.

47. The system of claim 46, wherein the first context information (22 1 ) and the second context information (22 2 ) are each associated with at least one parameter and differ from one another with respect to at least one parameter considered and / or with respect to the value of the same parameter.

48. The system of claim 46 or 47, wherein the first context information (22 1 ) is limited to the first information domain; wherein the second context information (22 2 ) is restricted to the second information field.

49. A system as claimed in claim 48, wherein the first information field is associated with a field of the pointing device (10), a field of the control unit (16), and / or a field of a command unit (26) of the pointing device (10); and / or The second information domain is associated with the domain of the indicated device, the domain of the command parsing unit of the indicated device (50), and / or the domain of the system or process of the indicated device (50).

50. The system of any one of claims 43 to 49, wherein the pointing device is a third party controller (104) configured to control the pointing device.

51. A system as claimed in any one of claims 43 to 50, wherein the indication is a high-level descriptor of the behaviour of a system including an indicated device (50) desired by the indicating device (10).

52. A system as claimed in any one of claims 43 to 51, comprising a memory (38) accessible to the indicated device and / or the indicating device and having the context information stored thereon.

53. A system as claimed in any one of claims 43 to 52, wherein the context information (22) is related to the context of the pointing device (10) and / or the context of the pointed device (50).

54. A system as claimed in any one of claims 43 to 53, wherein the context information (22) relates to a context of the pointing device (10) and comprises information indicating at least one of: the capabilities of the indicating device (50); the manufacturer of the indicating device (50); The type or model of the indicating device (50); An operator of the indicating device (50); the position of the indicating device (50); the operating condition of the indicating device (50); Absolute time or relative time; Geographic location; Relative position or co-location; Orientation; A set of conditions; · Validity of information.

55. A system as claimed in any one of claims 43 to 54, wherein the context information (22) is related to the context of the indicated device (50) and comprises information indicating at least one of: The capabilities of the indicated device; The manufacturer of the indicated equipment; The type or model of the indicated device; The operator of the indicated device; The location of the indicated device; · the operating conditions of the indicated equipment; Absolute time or relative time; Geographic location; Relative position or co-location; Orientation; A set of conditions; · Validity of information.

56. A system as described in any one of claims 43 to 55, wherein the indicating device (10), the indicated device (50) and at least one of the different entities are configured to provide at least one of the context information (22), receive the context information (22) and update the context information (22).

57. The system of any one of claims 43 to 56, wherein the context information (22) is related to the pointing device (10), the pointed device (50) or a different entity.

58. A system as claimed in any one of claims 43 to 57, in, The pointing device is adapted to generate a command signal including an indication to the pointed device, which is a device capable of beamforming to direct the beam of the pointed device to a specific direction or position or to exclude a specific direction or position from a beam pattern generated by the pointed device.

59. The system of claim 58, wherein the particular direction or location is associated with a location of another device, such as a communication partner of the pointing device.

60. A method for operating a system having a command chain including at least one pointing device and a pointed device, the method include: determining (1010) a target behavior of the indicated device and generating an indication indicating the target behavior; preparing (1020) an indication at the indicating device using context information indicating a context of the command chain and generating a command for the indicated device based on the context information, the command being an incomplete command with missing information relative to a complete command; sending (1030) the command to the indicated device; as well as at the indicated device, deriving (1040) settings for the indicated device from the command by using the context information to derive missing information in the incomplete command; as well as The settings are applied (1050) on the indicated device.

61. The method of claim 60, wherein the complete command relates to a command including a complete set of parameters; in, The incomplete command lacks at least a part of parameters as missing information.

62. A computer-readable digital storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program having a program code for executing the method according to claim 60 or 61 when running on a computer.

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